EP2487990A1 - Method for controlling a microwave heater of an oven and microwave oven - Google Patents

Method for controlling a microwave heater of an oven and microwave oven Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2487990A1
EP2487990A1 EP11001122A EP11001122A EP2487990A1 EP 2487990 A1 EP2487990 A1 EP 2487990A1 EP 11001122 A EP11001122 A EP 11001122A EP 11001122 A EP11001122 A EP 11001122A EP 2487990 A1 EP2487990 A1 EP 2487990A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
magnetron
magnetrons
operating temperature
power
controller
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EP11001122A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2487990B1 (en
EP2487990A8 (en
Inventor
Robert Dürmuth
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Topinox SARL
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Topinox SARL
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Priority to EP11001122.8A priority Critical patent/EP2487990B1/en
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Publication of EP2487990A8 publication Critical patent/EP2487990A8/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/666—Safety circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
    • H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B2206/043—Methods or circuits intended to extend the life of the magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
    • H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B2206/044—Microwave heating devices provided with two or more magnetrons or microwave sources of other kind

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a microwave heating of a furnace, which has at least one magnetron, and a microwave oven itself.
  • Microwave ovens are often also offered as combination ovens, including in industrial cooking appliances. Especially in industrial applications, it is important that the components have a high reliability. The failure or partial failure of the microwave heating due to failure of the single or one of several magnetrons leads to an undesirable failure of the furnace or to undesirable power reduction.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for controlling a microwave heating of a furnace, which ensures lower losses or partial failures of the microwave heating.
  • the invention makes use of the knowledge that magnetrons have a constant operating temperature over their normal service life, although a temperature drop can be recognized at the end of their service life. As a result of this temperature drop, an imminent complete failure of the magnetron can be predicted. This makes it possible to react in time to this vorzuniz failure, for example by the magnetron is replaced before his complete failure. Since such a removal and installation of a magnetron must be performed by a service technician, the method according to the invention, for example, leaves enough time to order a service technician so that no downtime occurs.
  • the predefined signal is, for example, an optical and / or audible information signal to the user indicating the failure of the magnetron which has not yet occurred.
  • a plurality of magnetrons are present, each of which is temperature-monitored, in particular with its own temperature sensor.
  • the power distribution between the plurality of magnetrons can be changed via the control via the emitted signals.
  • the failing magnetron is controlled so that it generates a reduced power compared to its nominal power.
  • the required heating power is divided evenly with non-defective magnetrons on the magnetrons, resulting in the desired power for each magnetron. This target power is no longer required by the failing magnetron, it is "spared" so to speak, so that the failure of this magnetron is delayed in time.
  • the preferred embodiment provides that the magnetrons are controlled in such a way that the required total nominal power of the microwave heating is maintained by increasing the power output of the at least one non-emergent magnetron and at least reducing the magnetron which fails shortly.
  • the one or more intact magnetrons thus take over at least part of the heating power to be provided by the failing magnetron in order to protect it.
  • the load for the failing magnetron can also be reduced in step c) by temporarily switching off and restarting the failed magnetron from reaching the predetermined operating temperature or from reaching the predetermined operating temperature curve, that is to say that the failing magnetron has lower turn-on times than the others Has.
  • the corresponding pulse width modulation leads to shorter transit times of the failing magnetron.
  • one or more of the remaining, intact magnetrons continue to run or remain longer during the downtime of the failing magnetron.
  • the emergency operation for the microwave heating previously described in different variants does not have to be started immediately with detecting the imminent failure of a magnetron. It is also conceivable to start the emergency operation after a predetermined time or after reaching another parameter. For example, if enough operating hours are still foreseeable, the emergency operation may be started after a predetermined period of time from when the impending failure is detected or when the temperature of the magnetron has dropped further.
  • the invention further relates to a microwave oven, in particular a cooking appliance, with at least one magnetron, a temperature sensor for the magnetron and a controller which is coupled to the temperature sensor of the magnetron, wherein in the control a predefined magnetron operating temperature and / or a predefined magnetron Operating temperature is stored, which indicates an imminent failure of the magnetron, and the control emits a predetermined for the failure of the magnetron signal after reaching the predetermined magnetron operating temperature or the magnetron operating temperature curve.
  • the microwave oven serves z. B. for steam generation.
  • the microwave oven according to the invention has a plurality of magnetrons, temperature sensors for the magnetrons, preferably for each magnetron its own temperature sensor, and a controller which is coupled to the temperature sensors and the magnetrons.
  • a predefined magnetron operating temperature and / or a predefined magnetron operating temperature curve is stored, the or an imminent failure a magnetron indicated.
  • the control controls the failing magnetron such that it emits a reduced power compared to its desired power.
  • the term "from reaching the predetermined operating temperature or the operating temperature curve" should also include that, as explained above, the emergency operation can also start with a time delay to detect a failed magnetron, if this is acceptable from the remaining maturity of the outgoing magnetron ago.
  • the controller is designed so that in emergency operation or the non-failing magnetrons are controlled to deliver an increased target power accordingly.
  • the power of the failing magnetron which is reduced compared with the nominal power, should be completely compensated.
  • the maximum overall heating power that can be set by the operator at the heating is smaller than the sum of the maximum individual heating powers of the magnetrons.
  • the lower loading of the precipitated magnetron is preferably achieved by being activated shorter in its remaining life than the rest.
  • FIG. 1 an oven is shown in the form of a cooking appliance 10, as used in professional kitchens.
  • the cooking appliance 10 has in the cooking chamber 12, a cage frame 14, in which juxtaposed and / or superimposed food 16 are prepared.
  • the cooking appliance itself can be designed as a hot air oven, combined steam / hot air oven or the like.
  • a microwave heater 18 integrated. This microwave heater 18 comprises, in addition to the controller 20, a plurality of magnetrons 22, 24, 26 coupled to the controller 20.
  • the controller 20 may be the central controller for the entire cooking appliance 10.
  • Each magnetron 22-26 has its own temperature sensor 28 positioned at a suitable location on the magnetron 22-26 to sense its operating temperature. All sensors 28 are also connected to the controller 20.
  • Magnetrons after being turned on and warmed, achieve a largely constant operating temperature T B , such as FIG. 2 symbolized by a horizontal line.
  • This operating temperature is constant over many hours of operation. However, as has been found, falls within a relatively constant period before failure of the magnetron whose operating temperature.
  • This drop in temperature T B is in accordance with the example FIG. 2 after about 4000 hours of operation of the magnetron and is largely constant in an initial period, of course, some normal fluctuations occur in FIG. 2 are indicated. It can also come to the end of the constant portion of the temperature drop to a swing.
  • certain operating temperature gradients may also occur, for example characterized by a decrease and a temporary increase in the operating temperature, which, however, also serves as a clear indication of an imminent failure of the magnetron.
  • a stored in the controller 20 predetermined operating temperature T s provided, which is slightly below T B and can be regarded as a clear indication of the imminent failure of a magnetron.
  • magnetron operating temperatures T s are stored or other predefined magnetron operating temperature curves that indicate impending failures of the magnetrons 22 to 26.
  • the magnetrons 22 to 26 were to have slightly different operating temperatures T B by default (eg due to their mounting position or arrangement relative to one another), then a learning phase could be preceded by the controller 20.
  • the operating temperature T B for each magnetron would be measured and stored as an individual operating temperature T B in a new device over an initial period of time.
  • the operating temperature T s would be calculated, for example, by a predetermined temperature difference to the temperature T B and stored individually for each magnetron 22 to 26.
  • this is only an optional variant.
  • an operating temperature T s is stored in the control, which is characteristic of an imminent failure for all magnetrons 22 to 26.
  • each magnetron 22 to 26 is monitored via the sensors 28. If, for example, the magnetron 22 becomes colder during operation, ie after its warm-up phase, and the temperature T s is detected, it is clear that this magnetron 22 is only running for a certain residual operating time and a failure is imminent.
  • the controller 20 changes either immediately from this time or in a predetermined time after detecting the time t s. , to which the temperature T s is determined, the power output of all the magnetrons 22 to 26. Via corresponding signals, which outputs the controller 20, the heating power of the magnetrons 22 to 26 is changed via the power supply.
  • the total nominal power of the microwave heating 18 should be maintained as far as possible. For this purpose, less power is required from the failed magnetron 22 than the previously requested desired power. The remaining magnetrons 24, 26 must compensate for this power reduction, which is why their power is increased accordingly. Preferably, this is done by uniformly splitting the additional power required on the non-failing magnetrons 24 and 26. For example, if the microwave heater 18 requires a power of 66% of the maximum total heating power of the microwave heater 18, this can be achieved without the magnetron 22nd to use. The magnetron 22 can be switched off permanently at such low heat outputs stay in order to avoid wasting his remaining time unnecessarily.
  • the magnetrons 24, 26 run permanently, whereas the failed magnetron 22 is switched on only temporarily, for example, over 50% of the actually required time.
  • the failure of the magnetron 22 is delayed without this having a gartechnische effect for the user.
  • a cooking time extension is also avoided.
  • the reduction of the heating power of the defective magnetron 22 does not necessarily have to be realized already at the time t s . It is also possible, depending on a further parameter, for example, a predetermined time after the time t s to begin this aforementioned emergency operation, if sufficient residual operating time for the magnetron 22 is guaranteed.
  • the controller 20 may also provide an optical and / or acoustic information signal, for example via a display 30 or an acoustic signal generator 32, which informs the user of the imminent failure of a magnetron, so that the service in good time can inform.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves monitoring operating temperature of magnetrons (22-26). A predetermined operating temperature or a predetermined operating temperature curve indicating impending failure of one of the magnetrons is detected. A signal e.g. optical and/or acoustic information signal, is outputted to a user via a controller (20), where the signal is predefined for the impending failure of the magnetron. Power distribution between the magnetrons is changed on a control side by the signal such that the failure magnetron is controlled. An independent claim is also included for a microwave oven comprising magnetrons.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Mikrowellenheizung eines Ofens, die wenigstens ein Magnetron aufweist, sowie einen Mikrowellenofen selbst.The invention relates to a method for controlling a microwave heating of a furnace, which has at least one magnetron, and a microwave oven itself.

Mikrowellenöfen werden oft auch als Kombinationsöfen angeboten, unter anderem auch in industriellen Gargeräten. Gerade bei industriellen Anwendungen ist es wichtig, dass die Komponenten eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit aufweisen. Der Ausfall oder Teilausfall der Mikrowellenheizung durch Defekt des einzigen oder eines von mehreren Magnetronen führt zu einem unerwünschten Ausfall des Ofens oder zu unerwünschter Leistungsreduzierung.Microwave ovens are often also offered as combination ovens, including in industrial cooking appliances. Especially in industrial applications, it is important that the components have a high reliability. The failure or partial failure of the microwave heating due to failure of the single or one of several magnetrons leads to an undesirable failure of the furnace or to undesirable power reduction.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Mikrowellenheizung eines Ofens anzugeben, welches für geringere Ausfälle oder Teilausfälle der Mikrowellenheizung sorgt.The object of the invention is to provide a method for controlling a microwave heating of a furnace, which ensures lower losses or partial failures of the microwave heating.

Die Aufgabe wird durch folgende Schritte gelöst:

  1. a) Überwachung der Betriebstemperatur oder des Betriebstemperaturverlaufs des wenigstens einen Magnetrons,
  2. b) Detektieren einer vorgegebenen Betriebstemperatur oder eines vorgegebenen Betriebstemperaturverlaufs, die bzw. der einen bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons indiziert, und
  3. c) Abgeben wenigstens eines für den bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons vordefinierten Signals über eine Steuerung.
The task is solved by the following steps:
  1. a) monitoring the operating temperature or the operating temperature profile of the at least one magnetron,
  2. b) detecting a predetermined operating temperature or a predetermined operating temperature profile indicating an imminent failure of the magnetron, and
  3. c) delivering at least one signal predefined for the imminent failure of the magnetron via a controller.

Die Erfindung nutzt die Erkenntnis, dass Magnetrone über ihre normale Lebensdauer eine konstante Betriebstemperatur haben, wobei zum Ende ihrer Laufzeit aber ein Temperaturabfall erkennbar ist. Über diesen Temperaturabfall lässt sich folglich ein bevorstehender Komplettausfall des Magnetrons vorhersagen. Dadurch ist es möglich, rechtzeitig auf diesen bevorzustehenden Ausfall zu reagieren, beispielsweise indem das Magnetron vor seinem Komplettausfall ausgewechselt wird. Da ein solcher Ausbau und Einbau eines Magnetrons von einem Servicetechniker durchgeführt werden muss, bleibt durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Beispiel genügend Zeit, um einen Servicetechniker zu bestellen, sodass keine Ausfallzeit auftritt.The invention makes use of the knowledge that magnetrons have a constant operating temperature over their normal service life, although a temperature drop can be recognized at the end of their service life. As a result of this temperature drop, an imminent complete failure of the magnetron can be predicted. This makes it possible to react in time to this vorzustehenden failure, for example by the magnetron is replaced before his complete failure. Since such a removal and installation of a magnetron must be performed by a service technician, the method according to the invention, for example, leaves enough time to order a service technician so that no downtime occurs.

Das vordefinierte Signal ist zum Beispiel ein optisches und/oder ein akustisches Informationssignal für den Benutzer, das den noch nicht eingetretenen, aber bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons anzeigt.The predefined signal is, for example, an optical and / or audible information signal to the user indicating the failure of the magnetron which has not yet occurred.

Gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind mehrere Magnetrone vorhanden, die jeweils temperaturüberwacht werden, insbesondere mit einem eigenen Temperatursensor.According to the preferred embodiment, a plurality of magnetrons are present, each of which is temperature-monitored, in particular with its own temperature sensor.

Zusätzlich oder alternativ zum Informationssignal kann gemäß der bevorzugten Ausführungsform über die abgegebenen Signale die Leistungsverteilung zwischen den mehreren Magnetronen über die Steuerung geändert werden. Das ausfallende Magnetron wird so angesteuert, dass es gegenüber seiner Soll-Leistung eine reduzierte Leistung erzeugt. Üblicherweise wird die geforderte Heizleistung bei nicht defekten Magnetronen gleichmäßig auf die Magnetrone aufgeteilt, woraus sich die Soll-Leistung für jedes Magnetron ergibt. Diese Soll-Leistung wird vom ausfallenden Magnetron nicht mehr abgefordert, es wird sozusagen "geschont", damit der Ausfall dieses Magnetrons zeitlich herausgezögert wird.In addition or as an alternative to the information signal, according to the preferred embodiment, the power distribution between the plurality of magnetrons can be changed via the control via the emitted signals. The failing magnetron is controlled so that it generates a reduced power compared to its nominal power. Usually, the required heating power is divided evenly with non-defective magnetrons on the magnetrons, resulting in the desired power for each magnetron. This target power is no longer required by the failing magnetron, it is "spared" so to speak, so that the failure of this magnetron is delayed in time.

Die bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass die Magnetrone so angesteuert werden, dass die geforderte Gesamt-Sollleistung der Mikrowellenheizung erhalten bleibt, indem die Leistungsabgabe des zumindest einen nicht ausfallenden Magnetrons erhöht und die des in Kürze ausfallenden Magnetrons zumindest reduziert wird. Das oder die intakten Magnetrone übernehmen damit zumindest einen Teil der vom ausfallenden Magnetron zu erbringenden Heizleistung, um dieses zu schonen.The preferred embodiment provides that the magnetrons are controlled in such a way that the required total nominal power of the microwave heating is maintained by increasing the power output of the at least one non-emergent magnetron and at least reducing the magnetron which fails shortly. The one or more intact magnetrons thus take over at least part of the heating power to be provided by the failing magnetron in order to protect it.

Wenn mehrere mit reduzierter Leistung arbeitende Magnetrone vorhanden sind, die nicht ausfallen, kann die vom ausfallenden Magnetron erbrachte reduzierte Heizleistung komplett von den übrigen Magnetronen kompensiert werden, sodass der Ofen unverändert für den Benutzer funktioniert.If there are several reduced power magnetrons that do not fail, the one produced by the failed magnetron reduced heating power can be completely compensated by the other magnetrons, so that the oven works unchanged for the user.

Die Belastung für das ausfallende Magnetron lässt sich im Schritt c) auch dadurch reduzieren, dass das ausfallende Magnetron ab Erreichen der vorbestimmten Betriebstemperatur oder ab Erreichen des vorbestimmten Betriebstemperaturverlaufs temporär ausgeschaltet und wieder eingeschaltet wird, das heißt, dass das ausfallende Magnetron geringere Anschaltzeiten als die übrigen hat. Die entsprechende Pulsweitenmodulation führt zu geringeren Laufzeiten des ausfallenden Magnetrons. Das oder die übrigen, intakten Magnetrone laufen dagegen während der Stillstandszeiten des ausfallenden Magnetrons weiter oder länger.The load for the failing magnetron can also be reduced in step c) by temporarily switching off and restarting the failed magnetron from reaching the predetermined operating temperature or from reaching the predetermined operating temperature curve, that is to say that the failing magnetron has lower turn-on times than the others Has. The corresponding pulse width modulation leads to shorter transit times of the failing magnetron. On the other hand, one or more of the remaining, intact magnetrons continue to run or remain longer during the downtime of the failing magnetron.

Der zuvor in verschiedenen Varianten beschriebene Notbetrieb für die Mikrowellenheizung muss nicht sofort mit Detektieren des bevorstehenden Ausfalls eines Magnetrons begonnen werden. Es ist auch denkbar, den Notbetrieb nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit oder nach Erreichen eines anderen Parameters zu beginnen. Wenn zum Beispiel noch genügend Betriebsstunden absehbar sind, kann der Notbetrieb nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne ab Detektieren des bevorstehenden Ausfalls begonnen werden oder wenn die Temperatur des Magnetrons noch weiter abgefallen ist.The emergency operation for the microwave heating previously described in different variants does not have to be started immediately with detecting the imminent failure of a magnetron. It is also conceivable to start the emergency operation after a predetermined time or after reaching another parameter. For example, if enough operating hours are still foreseeable, the emergency operation may be started after a predetermined period of time from when the impending failure is detected or when the temperature of the magnetron has dropped further.

Die Erfindung betrifft darüber hinaus einen Mikrowellenofen, insbesondere ein Gargerät, mit wenigstens einem Magnetron, einem Temperatursensor für das Magnetron und einer Steuerung, die mit dem Temperatursensor des Magnetrons gekoppelt ist, wobei in der Steuerung eine vordefinierte Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur und/oder ein vordefinierter Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlauf abgelegt ist, die bzw. der einen bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons indiziert, und die Steuerung nach Erreichen der vorbestimmten Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur oder des Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlaufs ein für den Ausfall des Magnetrons vordefiniertes Signal abgibt. Der Mikrowellenofen dient z. B. zur Dampferzeugung.The invention further relates to a microwave oven, in particular a cooking appliance, with at least one magnetron, a temperature sensor for the magnetron and a controller which is coupled to the temperature sensor of the magnetron, wherein in the control a predefined magnetron operating temperature and / or a predefined magnetron Operating temperature is stored, which indicates an imminent failure of the magnetron, and the control emits a predetermined for the failure of the magnetron signal after reaching the predetermined magnetron operating temperature or the magnetron operating temperature curve. The microwave oven serves z. B. for steam generation.

Insbesondere hat der erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenofen mehrere Magnetrone, Temperatursensoren für die Magnetrone, vorzugsweise für jedes Magnetron einen eigenen Temperatursensor, und eine Steuerung, welche mit den Temperatursensoren und den Magnetronen gekoppelt ist. In der Steuerung ist eine vordefinierte Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur und/oder ein vordefinierter Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlauf abgelegt, die bzw. der einen bevorstehenden Ausfall eines Magnetrons indiziert. Die Steuerung steuert nach Erreichen der vorbestimmten Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur bzw. des Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlaufs das ausfallende Magnetron so, dass es gegenüber seiner Soll-Leistung eine reduzierte Leistung abgibt.In particular, the microwave oven according to the invention has a plurality of magnetrons, temperature sensors for the magnetrons, preferably for each magnetron its own temperature sensor, and a controller which is coupled to the temperature sensors and the magnetrons. In the controller, a predefined magnetron operating temperature and / or a predefined magnetron operating temperature curve is stored, the or an imminent failure a magnetron indicated. After reaching the predetermined magnetron operating temperature or the magnetron operating temperature curve, the control controls the failing magnetron such that it emits a reduced power compared to its desired power.

Der Begriff "ab Erreichen der vorbestimmten Betriebstemperatur oder des Betriebstemperaturverlaufs" soll auch mit einschließen, dass, wie zuvor erläutert, der Notbetrieb auch zeitversetzt zur Detektierung eines ausfallenden Magnetrons beginnen kann, wenn dies von der Restlaufzeit des ausfallenden Magnetrons her akzeptabel ist.The term "from reaching the predetermined operating temperature or the operating temperature curve" should also include that, as explained above, the emergency operation can also start with a time delay to detect a failed magnetron, if this is acceptable from the remaining maturity of the outgoing magnetron ago.

Die Steuerung ist so ausgebildet, dass im Notbetrieb das oder die nicht ausfallenden Magnetrone zur Abgabe einer erhöhten Soll-Leistung entsprechend angesteuert werden. Insbesondere soll die gegenüber der Soll-Leistung reduzierte Leistung des ausfallenden Magnetrons komplett kompensiert werden.The controller is designed so that in emergency operation or the non-failing magnetrons are controlled to deliver an increased target power accordingly. In particular, the power of the failing magnetron, which is reduced compared with the nominal power, should be completely compensated.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die an der Heizung vom Bediener einstellbare maximale Gesamtheizleistung kleiner als die Summe der maximalen Einzelheizleistungen der Magnetrone ist. Das bedeutet, es besteht eine Art Puffer für den Ausfall eines Magnetrons, indem von den übrigen Magnetronen eine höhere Heizleistung abgefordert werden kann, als dies der Fall wäre, wenn alle Magnetrone intakt sind und sich die gesamte maximale Heizleistung auf alle Magnetrone gleichzeitig und gleichmäßig aufteilt.In this context, it is advantageous if the maximum overall heating power that can be set by the operator at the heating is smaller than the sum of the maximum individual heating powers of the magnetrons. This means that there is a kind of buffer for the failure of a magnetron, in that a higher heat output can be demanded from the other magnetrons than would be the case if all magnetrons were intact and the total maximum heat output was distributed to all magnetrons simultaneously and evenly ,

Die geringere Belastung des ausfallenden Magnetrons wird bevorzugt erreicht, indem es während seiner Restlaufzeit zeitlich kürzer aktiviert wird als die übrigen.The lower loading of the precipitated magnetron is preferably achieved by being activated shorter in its remaining life than the rest.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und aus den nachfolgenden Zeichnungen, auf die Bezug genommen wird. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Gargeräts für industrielle Anwender mit integrierter erfindungsgemäßer Mikrowellenheizung, und
  • Figur 2 den Temperaturverlauf an einem der eingesetzten Magnetrone.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and from the following drawings, to which reference is made. In the drawings show:
  • FIG. 1 a schematic view of a cooking appliance according to the invention for industrial users with integrated inventive microwave heating, and
  • FIG. 2 the temperature profile at one of the magnetrons used.

In Figur 1 ist ein Ofen in Form eines Gargeräts 10 dargestellt, wie es in professionellen Küchen eingesetzt ist. Das Gargerät 10 hat im Garraum 12 ein Käfiggestell 14, in dem nebeneinander und/oder übereinander Speisen 16 zubereitet werden. Das Gargerät selbst kann als Heißluftofen, kombinierter Dampf-/Heißluftofen oder dergleichen ausgebildet sein. In jedem Fall jedoch ist eine Mikrowellenheizung 18 integriert. Diese Mikrowellenheizung 18 umfasst neben der Steuerung 20 mehrere mit der Steuerung 20 gekoppelte Magnetrone 22, 24,26.In FIG. 1 an oven is shown in the form of a cooking appliance 10, as used in professional kitchens. The cooking appliance 10 has in the cooking chamber 12, a cage frame 14, in which juxtaposed and / or superimposed food 16 are prepared. The cooking appliance itself can be designed as a hot air oven, combined steam / hot air oven or the like. In any case, however a microwave heater 18 integrated. This microwave heater 18 comprises, in addition to the controller 20, a plurality of magnetrons 22, 24, 26 coupled to the controller 20.

Die Steuerung 20 kann die zentrale Steuerung für das gesamte Gargerät 10 sein.The controller 20 may be the central controller for the entire cooking appliance 10.

Jedes Magnetron 22 bis 26 hat einen eigenen Temperatursensor 28, der an einer geeigneten Stelle des Magnetrons 22 bis 26 positioniert ist, um dessen Betriebstemperatur zu erfassen. Alle Sensoren 28 sind ebenfalls mit der Steuerung 20 verbunden.Each magnetron 22-26 has its own temperature sensor 28 positioned at a suitable location on the magnetron 22-26 to sense its operating temperature. All sensors 28 are also connected to the controller 20.

Magnetrone erreichen, nachdem sie angeschaltet wurden und sich erwärmt haben, eine weitgehend konstante Betriebstemperatur TB, wie Figur 2 durch eine horizontale Linie symbolisiert. Diese Betriebstemperatur ist über viele Betriebsstunden konstant. Wie sich jedoch herausgestellt hat, fällt in einem relativ konstanten Zeitraum vor Ausfall des Magnetrons dessen Betriebstemperatur ab. Dieser Abfall der Temperatur TB setzt beim Beispiel gemäß Figur 2 nach etwa 4000 Betriebsstunden des Magnetrons ein und ist in einem anfänglichen Zeitraum weitestgehend konstant, wobei natürlich gewisse normale Schwankungen auftreten, die in Figur 2 angedeutet sind. Es kann am Ende des konstanten Abschnitts des Temperaturabfalls auch noch zu einem Anschwingen kommen. Je nach Bauart des Magnetrons können sich jedoch auch bestimmte Betriebstemperaturverläufe einstellen, zum Beispiel gekennzeichnet durch einen Abfall und ein temporäres Ansteigen der Betriebstemperatur, was aber ebenfalls für einen bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons als klares Indiz dient.Magnetrons, after being turned on and warmed, achieve a largely constant operating temperature T B , such as FIG. 2 symbolized by a horizontal line. This operating temperature is constant over many hours of operation. However, as has been found, falls within a relatively constant period before failure of the magnetron whose operating temperature. This drop in temperature T B is in accordance with the example FIG. 2 after about 4000 hours of operation of the magnetron and is largely constant in an initial period, of course, some normal fluctuations occur in FIG. 2 are indicated. It can also come to the end of the constant portion of the temperature drop to a swing. Depending on the design of the magnetron, however, certain operating temperature gradients may also occur, for example characterized by a decrease and a temporary increase in the operating temperature, which, however, also serves as a clear indication of an imminent failure of the magnetron.

Um eventuell minimale Schwankungen der Betriebstemperatur TB nicht als Zeichen für den bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons anzusehen, ist z. B. eine in der Steuerung 20 abgelegte vorgegebene Betriebstemperatur Ts vorgesehen, die etwas unterhalb von TB liegt und als eindeutiges Indiz für den bevorstehenden Ausfall eines Magnetrons angesehen werden kann.In order not to regard any minimal fluctuations in the operating temperature T B as a sign of the imminent failure of the magnetron, z. B. a stored in the controller 20 predetermined operating temperature T s provided, which is slightly below T B and can be regarded as a clear indication of the imminent failure of a magnetron.

Der Verlauf der Betriebstemperatur eines Magnetrons, wie er in Figur 2 dargestellt wird, wird bei der Mikrowellenheizung 18 nach Figur 1 zur Früherkennung des Ausfalls eines der Magnetrone 22 bis 26 verwendet, wie im Folgenden dargelegt wird.The course of the operating temperature of a magnetron, as in FIG. 2 is shown in the microwave heater 18 after FIG. 1 for the early detection of the failure of one of the magnetrons 22 to 26, as set forth below.

In der Steuerung 20 sind Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturen Ts abgelegt oder andere vordefinierte Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverläufe, die bevorstehende Ausfälle der Magnetrone 22 bis 26 indizieren.In the controller 20 magnetron operating temperatures T s are stored or other predefined magnetron operating temperature curves that indicate impending failures of the magnetrons 22 to 26.

Alternativ hierzu könnte, falls die Magnetrone 22 bis 26 von Haus aus leicht unterschiedliche Betriebstemperaturen TB haben sollten (z. B. aufgrund ihrer Einbaulage oder Anordnung zueinander), eine Lernphase für die Steuerung 20 vorgeschaltet werden. In dieser würde bei einem Neugerät über einen anfänglichen Zeitraum die Betriebstemperatur TB für jedes Magnetron gemessen und als individuelle Betriebstemperatur TB abgelegt werden. Die Betriebstemperatur Ts würde sich beispielsweise durch eine vorgegebene Temperaturdifferenz zur Temperatur TB errechnen und für jedes Magnetron 22 bis 26 individuell abgelegt werden. Dies ist jedoch nur eine optionale Variante.Alternatively, if the magnetrons 22 to 26 were to have slightly different operating temperatures T B by default (eg due to their mounting position or arrangement relative to one another), then a learning phase could be preceded by the controller 20. In this case, the operating temperature T B for each magnetron would be measured and stored as an individual operating temperature T B in a new device over an initial period of time. The operating temperature T s would be calculated, for example, by a predetermined temperature difference to the temperature T B and stored individually for each magnetron 22 to 26. However, this is only an optional variant.

Im Standardfall ist eine Betriebstemperatur Ts in der Steuerung abgelegt, die für alle Magnetrone 22 bis 26 charakteristisch für einen bevorstehenden Ausfall steht.In the standard case, an operating temperature T s is stored in the control, which is characteristic of an imminent failure for all magnetrons 22 to 26.

Während des Betriebs wird die Betriebstemperatur jedes Magnetrons 22 bis 26 über die Sensoren 28 überwacht. Wird beispielsweise das Magnetron 22 im Betrieb, das heißt nach seiner Aufwärmphase, kälter, und wird die Temperatur Ts detektiert, ist klar, dass dieses Magnetron 22 nur noch eine gewisse Rest-Betriebszeit läuft und ein Ausfall bevorsteht. Die Steuerung 20 ändert entweder sofort ab diesem Zeitpunkt oder in einer vorgegebenen Zeit nach Detektieren des Zeitpunkts ts., zu dem die Temperatur Ts ermittelt wird, die Leistungsabgabe sämtlicher Magnetrone 22 bis 26. Über entsprechende Signale, die die Steuerung 20 abgibt, wird die Heizleistung der Magnetrone 22 bis 26 über die Stromzufuhr geändert.During operation, the operating temperature of each magnetron 22 to 26 is monitored via the sensors 28. If, for example, the magnetron 22 becomes colder during operation, ie after its warm-up phase, and the temperature T s is detected, it is clear that this magnetron 22 is only running for a certain residual operating time and a failure is imminent. The controller 20 changes either immediately from this time or in a predetermined time after detecting the time t s. , to which the temperature T s is determined, the power output of all the magnetrons 22 to 26. Via corresponding signals, which outputs the controller 20, the heating power of the magnetrons 22 to 26 is changed via the power supply.

Die Gesamt-Sollleistung der Mikrowellenheizung 18 soll möglichst erhalten bleiben. Dazu wird von dem ausfallenden Magnetron 22 eine geringere Leistung abgefordert als die zuvor abgefragte Soll-Leistung. Die übrigen Magnetrone 24, 26 müssen diese Leistungsreduzierung kompensieren, weshalb ihre Leistung entsprechend erhöht wird. Vorzugsweise erfolgt dies durch gleichmäßiges Aufteilen der zusätzlich erforderlichen Leistung auf die nicht ausfallenden Magnetrone 24 und 26. Wird beispielsweise von der Mikrowellenheizung 18 eine Leistung von 66 % der maximalen Gesamt-Heizleistung der Mikrowellenheizung 18 gefordert, so kann diese erreicht werden, ohne das Magnetron 22 zu verwenden. Das Magnetron 22 kann bei solch geringen Heizleistungen dauerhaft ausgeschaltet bleiben, um seine Restlaufzeit nicht unnötig aufzubrauchen. Bei größerer geforderter Leistung, zum Beispiel 83 % der maximalen Heizleistung, laufen die Magnetrone 24, 26 dauerhaft, wogegen das ausfallende Magnetron 22 nur temporär zugeschaltet wird, beispielsweise über 50 % der eigentlich geforderten Zeit. Damit wird der Ausfall des Magnetrons 22 herausgezögert, ohne dass dies eine gartechnische Auswirkung für den Benutzer hat. Eine Garzeitverlängerung wird damit ebenfalls vermieden.The total nominal power of the microwave heating 18 should be maintained as far as possible. For this purpose, less power is required from the failed magnetron 22 than the previously requested desired power. The remaining magnetrons 24, 26 must compensate for this power reduction, which is why their power is increased accordingly. Preferably, this is done by uniformly splitting the additional power required on the non-failing magnetrons 24 and 26. For example, if the microwave heater 18 requires a power of 66% of the maximum total heating power of the microwave heater 18, this can be achieved without the magnetron 22nd to use. The magnetron 22 can be switched off permanently at such low heat outputs stay in order to avoid wasting his remaining time unnecessarily. For larger required power, for example, 83% of the maximum heating power, the magnetrons 24, 26 run permanently, whereas the failed magnetron 22 is switched on only temporarily, for example, over 50% of the actually required time. Thus, the failure of the magnetron 22 is delayed without this having a gartechnische effect for the user. A cooking time extension is also avoided.

Die Reduzierung der Heizleistung des defekten Magnetrons 22 muss nicht zwingend bereits zum Zeitpunkt ts realisiert werden. Es ist auch möglich, abhängig von einem weiteren Parameter, beispielsweise einer vorgegebenen Zeit nach dem Zeitpunkt ts diesen vorgenannten Notbetrieb zu beginnen, wenn genügend Rest-Betriebszeit für das Magnetron 22 garantiert ist.The reduction of the heating power of the defective magnetron 22 does not necessarily have to be realized already at the time t s . It is also possible, depending on a further parameter, for example, a predetermined time after the time t s to begin this aforementioned emergency operation, if sufficient residual operating time for the magnetron 22 is guaranteed.

Zusätzlich oder alternativ zu dem vorgenannten Notbetrieb kann die Steuerung 20 auch ein optisches und/oder akustisches Informationssignal, zum Beispiel über ein Display 30 oder einen akustischen Signalgeber 32, abgeben, das den Benutzer über den bevorstehenden Ausfall eines Magnetrons informiert, sodass dieser den Service rechtzeitig informieren kann.In addition or as an alternative to the aforementioned emergency operation, the controller 20 may also provide an optical and / or acoustic information signal, for example via a display 30 or an acoustic signal generator 32, which informs the user of the imminent failure of a magnetron, so that the service in good time can inform.

Ausfälle eines Magnetrons werden damit vollständig vermieden. Die Gargeräteleistung wird entweder nur geringfügig reduziert oder ist für den Benutzer überhaupt nicht erkennbar.Failures of a magnetron are thus completely avoided. The cooking appliance performance is either only slightly reduced or is not visible to the user at all.

Claims (11)

Verfahren zum Steuern einer Mikrowellenheizung (18) eines Ofens, insbesondere eines Gargeräts (10), die zumindest ein Magnetron (22) aufweist, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte: a) Überwachen der Betriebstemperatur (TB) des wenigstens einen Magnetrons (22 bis 26), b) Detektieren einer vorgegebenen Betriebstemperatur (TS) oder eines vorgegebenen Betriebstemperaturverlaufs, die bzw. der einen bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons (22) indiziert, und c) Abgeben wenigstens eines für den bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons (22) vordefinierten Signals über eine Steuerung (20). Method for controlling a microwave heating (18) of a furnace, in particular of a cooking appliance (10), which has at least one magnetron (22), characterized by the following steps: a) monitoring the operating temperature (T B ) of the at least one magnetron (22 to 26), b) detecting a predetermined operating temperature (T S ) or a predetermined operating temperature profile indicative of imminent failure of the magnetron (22), and c) delivering at least one predefined signal for the imminent failure of the magnetron (22) via a controller (20). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Schritt c) ein optisches und/oder akustisches Informationssignal für den Benutzer erzeugt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step c) an optical and / or acoustic information signal is generated for the user. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Magnetrone vorgesehen sind und die Betriebstemperatur jedes Magnetrons (22 bis 26) überwacht wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of magnetrons are provided and the operating temperature of each magnetron (22 to 26) is monitored. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Schritt c) über die Signale die Leistungsverteilung zwischen den Magnetronen (22 bis 26) steuerungsseitig so geändert wird, dass das ausfallende Magnetron (22) entsprechend angesteuert wird, um gegenüber seiner Soll-Leistung eine reduzierte Leistung zu erzeugen.A method according to claim 3, characterized in that in step c) the power distribution between the magnetrons (22 to 26) on the control side is changed so that the failing magnetron (22) is controlled accordingly in order to lower compared to its desired power To produce power. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Schritt c) die Magnetrone (22 bis 26) so angesteuert werden, dass die Gesamt-Sollleistung der Mikrowellenheizung erhalten bleibt, indem die Leistungsabgabe des oder der nicht ausfallenden Magnetrone (24, 26) erhöht und die des ausfallenden Magnetrons (22) zumindest reduziert wird.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that in step c) the magnetrons (22 to 26) are controlled so that the total target power of the microwave heating is maintained by the power output of the non-precipitating magnetrons (24, 26) increases and that of the failed magnetron (22) is at least reduced. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Vorhandensein mehrerer nicht ausfallender Magnetrone (24, 26) die durch Reduzieren der Heizleistung des ausfallenden Magnetrons (22) sich ergebende Leistungsdifferenz durch gleichmäßiges Erhöhen der Heizleistung der übrigen Magnetrone (24, 26) kompensiert wird.A method according to claim 5, characterized in that in the presence of a plurality of non-precipitating magnetrons (24, 26) by reducing the heating power of the failing magnetron (22) resulting Power difference is compensated by evenly increasing the heat output of the remaining magnetrons (24, 26). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reduzierung der Heizleistung und die Erhöhung der Heizleistung durch Änderung der Anschaltzeiten der Magnetrone (22 bis 26) erreicht wird.Method according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the reduction of the heating power and the increase of the heating power by changing the turn-on of the magnetrons (22 to 26) is achieved. Mikrowellenofen, insbesondere Gargerät mit integriertem Mikrowellenofen, mit wenigstens einem Magnetron (22 bis 26), einem Temperatursensor (28) für das Magnetron (22 bis 26) und einer Steuerung (20), die mit dem Temperatursensor (28) des Magnetrons (22 bis 26) gekoppelt ist, wobei in der Steuerung (20) eine vordefinierte Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur (Ts) und/oder ein vordefinierter Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlauf abgelegt ist, die bzw. der einen bevorstehenden Ausfall des Magnetrons (22) indiziert, und die Steuerung (20) nach Erreichen der vorbestimmten Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur (Ts) oder des Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlaufs ein für den Ausfall des Magnetrons (22) vordefiniertes Signal abgibt.Microwave oven, in particular cooking appliance with integrated microwave oven, with at least one magnetron (22 to 26), a temperature sensor (28) for the magnetron (22 to 26) and a controller (20) connected to the temperature sensor (28) of the magnetron (22 to 26), wherein in the control (20) a predefined magnetron operating temperature (T s ) and / or a predefined magnetron operating temperature curve is stored which indicates an imminent failure of the magnetron (22), and the controller ( 20) after reaching the predetermined magnetron operating temperature (T s ) or the magnetron operating temperature curve for the failure of the magnetron (22) predefined signal outputs. Mikrowellenofen nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet durch mehrere Magnetrone (22 bis 26) und einem eigenen Temperatursensor (28) für jedes Magnetron (22 bis 26), wobei die Steuerung (20) nach Erreichen der vorbestimmten Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur (Ts) oder des Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlaufs das ausfallende Magnetron (22) zur Abgabe einer gegenüber der Soll-Leistung reduzierten Leistung ansteuert.A microwave oven according to claim 8, characterized by a plurality of magnetrons (22 to 26) and a separate temperature sensor (28) for each magnetron (22 to 26), the controller (20) after reaching the predetermined magnetron operating temperature (T s ) or the magnetron Operating temperature curve, the precipitating magnetron (22) to deliver a reduced power compared to the target power. Mikrowellenofen nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung (20) ab Erreichen der vorbestimmten Magnetron-Betriebstemperatur (Ts) oder des Magnetron-Betriebstemperaturverlaufs das oder die nicht ausfallenden Magnetrone (24, 26) zur Abgabe einer gegenüber der Soll-Leistung erhöhten Leistung ansteuert, insbesondere unter Kompensation der reduzierten Leistung des ausfallenden Magnetrons (22).Microwave oven according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the controller (20) from reaching the predetermined magnetron operating temperature (T s ) or the magnetron operating temperature curve or non-failing magnetrons (24, 26) for delivering a relative to the setpoint Power increases power, in particular with compensation for the reduced power of the outgoing magnetron (22). Mikrowellenofen nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung (20) so ausgebildet ist, dass das ausfallende Magnetron (22) im Betrieb zeitlich kürzer läuft als die übrigen Magnetrone (24, 26).Microwave oven according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the controller (20) is designed so that the outgoing magnetron (22) during operation runs shorter in time than the other magnetrons (24, 26).
EP11001122.8A 2011-02-11 2011-02-11 Method for controlling a microwave heater of an oven and microwave oven Active EP2487990B1 (en)

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GB2506729A (en) * 2012-07-27 2014-04-09 E2V Tech Uk Ltd Common drive unit for multiple high frequency energy generator heads
WO2021013634A1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-01-28 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Operation of a domestic microwave appliance as a function of a microwave generator temperature

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291323A (en) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-17 Lg Electronics Inc Single thermostat monitoring both magnetron and exhaust air temperatures in microwave oven
EP2200401A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-23 Topinox Sarl Cooker with two magnetrons
WO2010100905A1 (en) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-10 パナソニック株式会社 High-frequency heating equipment

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2291323A (en) * 1994-07-06 1996-01-17 Lg Electronics Inc Single thermostat monitoring both magnetron and exhaust air temperatures in microwave oven
EP2200401A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-23 Topinox Sarl Cooker with two magnetrons
WO2010100905A1 (en) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-10 パナソニック株式会社 High-frequency heating equipment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2506729A (en) * 2012-07-27 2014-04-09 E2V Tech Uk Ltd Common drive unit for multiple high frequency energy generator heads
GB2506729B (en) * 2012-07-27 2015-08-05 E2V Tech Uk Ltd High frequency energy generator systems
US10645766B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2020-05-05 Teledyne Uk Limited High frequency energy generator systems
WO2021013634A1 (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-01-28 BSH Hausgeräte GmbH Operation of a domestic microwave appliance as a function of a microwave generator temperature
CN114128402A (en) * 2019-07-25 2022-03-01 Bsh家用电器有限公司 Operating a microwave household appliance as a function of the temperature of a microwave generator

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