EP2486393A2 - Systeme de detection optique a substrat actif, procede de fabrication d'un tel systeme - Google Patents
Systeme de detection optique a substrat actif, procede de fabrication d'un tel systemeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2486393A2 EP2486393A2 EP10781960A EP10781960A EP2486393A2 EP 2486393 A2 EP2486393 A2 EP 2486393A2 EP 10781960 A EP10781960 A EP 10781960A EP 10781960 A EP10781960 A EP 10781960A EP 2486393 A2 EP2486393 A2 EP 2486393A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- support layer
- optical detection
- detection system
- emission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an active substrate optical detection system and a method of manufacturing such a system.
- the present invention relates to the field of optical detection using ultra-sensitive light-sensitive sensors, which generally covers any application based on low-absorption layers (ultra-thin or very low-absorbency layers), such as, for example, photovoltaic cells (extremely thin absorber, or "Extremely Thin Absorber” or ETA in English language) or color conversion (white diode).
- low-absorption layers ultra-thin or very low-absorbency layers
- photovoltaic cells extreme thin absorber, or "Extremely Thin Absorber" or ETA in English language
- color conversion white diode
- It relates more particularly to an optical detection system comprising pumping means, and a substrate on which is deposited a luminescent layer capable of emitting by luminescence photons under the effect of said pumping.
- Ultra-sensitive luminescent sensors using ultrathin luminescent layers are used, for example, for the detection of traces of chemical species, called analytes, present in an environment (free atmosphere or confined environment) by using variations in the optical emission properties of the layer (s) ultra-thin (s) luminescent (s), because of the adsorption or diffusion in the (s) material (s) that consist of chemical species present in said environment.
- the ultrathin luminescent layer is affected by the presence of chemical species, so that the proportion of sensitive material of the luminescent layer is all the more important that the thickness of this layer is low.
- a small thickness of luminescent layer further allows to increase the kinetics of adsorption and desorption.
- a small thickness can only be associated with a small number of photons, which limits the sensitivity of the sensor. Such a contradiction raises the technical problem of increasing the number of photons emitted by the luminescent layer (useful signal).
- the solutions of the state of the art consist in providing luminescent layers with improved emission properties, that is to say to synthesize or grow materials with improved emission properties. mainly due to intrinsic absorption or optical performance properties. It is indeed possible to improve the sensitivity of ultra-sensitive fluorescent sensors by working at the stimulated emission threshold of the material.
- the interaction of the luminescent material with the ambient atmosphere causes a modification of the intrinsic emission properties and therefore, for the same pump power, the number of photons emitted in the presence or absence of the species to be detected.
- the extinguishing effect will be all the greater if one works close to the stimulated emission threshold (strong non-linearity), as described for example in the document US2006 / 073607.
- the luminescent layer is deposited on a substrate: guiding layer, grating or optical fiber which is intended either to guide the light or to confine it by feedback effect.
- optical pumping is performed on the luminescent layer.
- a passive waveguide planar structure is thus produced which makes it possible to improve the luminous emission efficiency of the luminescent layer and thus the detection efficiency of the system.
- it is the luminescent layer which absorbs the pump beam and emits photons under the effect thereof, and it is the support layer which confines the photons emitted by the luminescent layer.
- the present invention proposes to use a substrate or an active support, absorbing and emitting light, which may be in the form of a nanostructured thin layer or not.
- the subject of the invention is an optical detection system comprising pumping means, as well as a substrate on which is deposited a luminescent layer capable of emitting by luminescence photons under the direct effect and / or indirect of this pumping.
- This system also comprises a support layer disposed between the substrate and the luminescent layer. This support layer is capable of absorbing the pumping energy, confining at least a portion of this energy or emitted photons and transmitting a portion of the energy corresponding to the light-emitting layer.
- the pumping energy may be optical by emission of a pump beam, or electronic by implementation of a material (support layer or substrate) electroluminescent.
- the support layer may be a thin layer optionally structured on the surface for confining photons. It is configured to absorb at least a portion of the pumping energy and to transmit at least a portion thereof to the light-emitting layer. This transfer can be of an optical or electronic nature. It also allows to be able to confine in a plane the excitation (the pump beam) or the emission (luminescence).
- the pumping operated on at least the support layer is an optical pumping.
- an active planar waveguide structure is provided to simultaneously improve the absorption and luminescence efficiency of the luminescent layer.
- the support layer which absorbs and confines the pump beam, the resulting energy being then transmitted to the phosphor layer.
- the pumping is also performed on the luminescent layer.
- the pumping may be electronic, in addition to or instead of optical pumping, by implementing a light-emitting material for the support layer or the substrate.
- the thickness and the refractive index of the support layer are determined such that the emission of photons through at least one of the support layer and the phosphor layer is guided therealong.
- the following stack of layers allows this type of guidance: sapphire substrate, zinc oxide thin support layer ZnO (thickness 40 nm) and polymer thin film (thickness 5 nm).
- the support layer comprises a structuring.
- This increases the specific surface, which maximizes the probability of adsorption and therefore the probability of detection.
- the structuring in this case a nanostructuration, makes it possible to increase the developed surface of the support, that is to say the contact surface. This is even larger than the size of the nanostructures is small. This increases the non-radiative transfer by contact between the luminescence layer and the active support.
- the latter consists of nanoscale wires.
- the structuring in a second embodiment variant of the structuring, it consists of nanometric holes arranged in the support layer.
- the layout of the structuring of the support layer can be random. Therefore, subjected to high power pumping (above the laser threshold), the elements of the structure then coherently diffuse the light in the plane of the support layer and a random laser effect occurs.
- the arrangement of the structuring of the support layer can also be controlled. The laser effect produced is then distributed.
- the arrangement of the structuring is in a matrix.
- the laser effect produced is then all the better distributed.
- the support layer has a high refractive index. This allows the structuring to act as a planar waveguide, because of the large differences in refractive indices between the successive layers which ensure optimal confinement of the emission in the support layer.
- the phosphor layer is a thin layer forming a structuring substantially identical to that of the support layer while conforming to the shape thereof during the deposition of the luminescent layer. on the nanostructured support layer.
- the support layer comprises a material and, preferably, is made of a transparent and luminescent material at the absorption wavelength of the polymer of the phosphor layer.
- This material of the support layer is preferably zinc oxide.
- the luminescent layer has a small thickness.
- the substrate is an electroluminescent active substrate, in which case the substrate becomes a source of optical pumping energy replacing or supplementing the pump optical beam.
- the support layer is electroluminescent, in this case the support layer becomes an optical pump energy source replacing or in addition to the pump optical beam.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an optical detection system, comprising a step of depositing a support layer on a substrate, a step of depositing a light-emitting layer on the support layer and a step of disposing of pumping means, so that under the effect of pumping at least the support layer absorbs a portion of the pumping energy (optical beam or electronic pumping) and transmits a portion thereof to the light-emitting layer, the light-emitting layer then emitting photon luminescence, the support layer may further contain a portion of the pumping energy.
- the pumping energy optical beam or electronic pumping
- the method comprises, prior to the deposition of the luminescent layer, a step of structuring the support layer.
- the deposition of the light-emitting layer is performed so as to form a structuring substantially identical to that of the support layer.
- FIG. 1 a diagram showing a sectional view of an optically pumped optical detection system of the light-emitting layer, according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 a diagram showing a first sectional view of an optically pumped optical detection system of the support layer, according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 a diagram showing a first sectional view of the optical detection system of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 a diagram showing a sectional view of a nanostructured support layer optical detection system, according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 a diagram showing a view from above of a variant of a nanostructured support layer optical detection system in a random manner
- FIG. 5 ' a nanowire embodiment with a double structure
- FIGS. 6A and 6B diagrams showing top views of two variants of nanostructured carrier layer optical detection systems in a controlled manner
- FIG. 7 an embodiment of the system with electronic pumping of an electroluminescent active support layer
- FIG. 8 an embodiment of the system with electronic pumping of an electroluminescent active substrate.
- an optical detection system 1 according to the cited prior art comprises a substrate 2 on which a support layer 3 is deposited and then an unstructured luminescent layer 4.
- An optical pumping beam 5 is directed towards the luminescent layer 4. This constitutes a passive planar waveguide structure for improving the light emission efficiency of the layer luminescent 4 and thus the detection efficiency of the system 1.
- the principle of the invention is now described with reference in particular to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the pumping is for example optical (by a pump beam 9) and operates at least on the support layer 3 (it can possibly be operate further on the luminescent layer 4).
- a structure is created which makes it possible simultaneously to improve the absorption (FIG. 2) and the luminescence efficiency (FIG. 3) of the polymer luminescent layer 4.
- the support layer according to the invention is active, that is to say that it absorbs the pump energy and then emits photons that can be adsorbed by the luminescent layer.
- the photons emitted by the support layer are added to those of the pump beam, which in this way also improves the efficiency of the system.
- the support layer 3 is made of a material such as zinc oxide (ZnO).
- ZnO zinc oxide
- the oxide is transparent in the visible (emission zone of the polymers of the luminescent layer),
- the material is active in the UV (absorption zone of the polymer of the luminescent layer),
- the material can be nanostructured ("top-down” or “bottom-up” approach).
- the light-emitting layer 4 consists of a sensitive polymer, for example a conjugated ⁇ -type polymer, whose fluorescence and sensitivity properties to different analytes are known.
- Layer luminescent 4 is made of a polymer such as EPP.
- the exciter source carrying out the pumping of the polymer of this layer 4 (that is to say the optical emission of the support layer 3) is tuned to the absorption maximum. said polymer of said layer 4.
- the pumping may be optical pumping 9 ( Figures 2 to 4) or electronic pumping (not shown).
- the tuning is performed according to the choice of analytes to be detected, therefore the type of luminescent polymer, and the physical properties of the material used for the support layer 3.
- the support layer 3 thus absorbs the pumping energy and emits photons when submitted to it.
- the absorption band of the light-emitting layer must therefore correspond to the emission band of the support layer 3.
- the photons emitted by the support layer 3 are absorbed by the luminescent layer 4 and re-emitted by the latter to a length different wave.
- the pumping energy (for example the wavelength of the optical pumping 9) is therefore preferably arranged at the maximum of the absorption by the material (for example ZnO) of the support layer 3.
- the material then absorbs this energy of pumping (pump beam 9) and emits light 1 1 by luminescence.
- This luminescence of the support layer 3 may also be guided by the support layer 3 acting as a planar transparent guide.
- the pumping energy (excitation) exceeds a threshold value (laser emission threshold)
- the light 12 propagates in the direction of propagation, along the plane of the support layer 3.
- the light emission 12 of the waveguide 3, in this case zinc oxide, is close to the absorption maximum of the luminescent layer 4.
- the zinc oxide then acts as a local source of excitation for the polymer of the luminescent layer 4, to improve the pumping thereof.
- the emission 12 of the zinc oxide is then absorbed by the luminescent layer 4, which fluoresces 13 (FIG. 2).
- the amplified light 14 propagates in the direction of propagation, following the plane of the layer 3.
- the amplified spontaneous emission 8 can then be detected at the level of the lateral portion of the structure 1.
- the emission by the support layer is made in the UV and the emission of the polymer is made in the green, so that the emission band of the luminescent layer is different from the absorption band of the support layer so that the photon transfer process is not looped.
- the pump energy can be injected laterally, that is to say in the plane of the support layer 3, although the implementation is a little complex.
- the pump energy can be injected perpendicular to the plane of the support layer 3, and the implementation is simple.
- the light emission of the system may even be laser.
- the main part 6 of the luminescence of the nanostructured luminescent layer 4 is guided in the planar transparent guide 3 in zinc oxide.
- the excitation exceeds a threshold value (laser emission threshold)
- the light 7 propagates in the direction of propagation, along the plane of the support layer 3.
- the amplified spontaneous emission 8 can then be detected at the level of the lateral part of the structure 1. If the pumping power is close to the stimulated emission threshold, the system 1 becomes very sensitive to the luminescence efficiency and thus to the extinction effect due to the species absorbed on the luminescent layer 4.
- the thickness of the support layer 3 is chosen so that only emission of said support layer 3 (zinc oxide) and / or of the luminescent layer 4 (of the polymer) is guided, which may allow the effect laser cited above.
- the thickness of the support layer influences the number of modes.
- the thickness of the latter is chosen so that the system is mono-monomode.
- the support layer is ZnO whose thickness is between 40 and 250 nm, the thickness of the phosphor layer up to 4 nm.
- the support layer 3 is nanostructured.
- This nanaostructure has a double effect: it makes it possible to favor the laser effect when it is also in the form of a waveguide; and it makes it possible to structure the luminescent layer 4 (since it matches the shape of the surface of the support layer 3), which increases the surface area of the luminescent layer 4, therefore the probability of contact between the polymer and the analyte, so increase the sensitivity of the system.
- the size of the nanostructures is chosen as a function of the incident wavelength ⁇ . Indeed, if the nanostructures are much lower (typically less than ⁇ / 10) at the incident wavelength ⁇ of the optical pumping 9, there is no more feedback effect because the light sees a homogeneous material.
- the advantage is that the optical confinement is obtained for "small" sizes, typically 40 nm, that is to say less than 100 nm if the index is taken into account. .
- inventions described hereinafter are architectures comprising a nanostructured support layer 3, as well as the associated luminescent layer 4.
- the support layer 3 is made of nanoscale wires, called nanowires, or nanotubes.
- the diameter of the nanostructures is of the order of magnitude of the emission wavelength ⁇ of the optical pumping 9, typically between ⁇ / 2 ⁇ and ⁇ / 4 ⁇ , with n the refractive index. of the material constituting the nanowires / nanotubes, which makes it possible to obtain an optical confinement.
- the nanostructures may have other forms than nanowires or nanotubes.
- the nanowires 3 ', 3 ", etc. are vertical, by vertical means that they are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the support layer 3, in this case in FIG. parallel to the pump beam 9. These son are deposited on the surface of the substrate 2 and the polymer of the luminescent layer 4 is deposited on the layer 3 so as to form a thin layer (of the order of 5 nanometers thick) completely covering the nanostructure 3 ', 3 ".
- this nanostructured support layer 3 is about 100 times larger than that of the support layer in the case of an embodiment of a planar waveguide structure (FIGS. 1 to 3), which makes it possible to maximize the probability of adsorption and therefore of detection.
- each nanostructure 3 ' comprises excrescences 31', 32 ', 33', etc. so to create double structure.
- Each nanostructure 3 ' may comprise a main axis of extension XX, which is the case for a nanotube.
- This random laser emission can come from an emission by the support layer 3 (arrows 21) or the luminescent layer 4 (arrows 22). It should then be noted that, because of the high index of the support layer 3 and the light emission at the maximum absorption wavelength of the ZnO, each 3 ', 3 "ZnO nanowire can behave like a waveguide.
- the support layer 3 is also nanostructured, but this time in an organized manner, following a matrix, preferably whose periodicity is of the order of x / 2neff, with neff the effective mode index supported by the nanostructured layer.
- the performance of such a system is similar to that of the system according to the first variant described above, with the exception of the laser effect produced, which is no longer random but distributed.
- This controlled structure can be obtained by the growth of nanowires 3 ', 3 "organized into a matrix (FIG. 6A), or by etching patterns having the shape complementary to nanowires, ie in the form of holes, on a film 4 (FIG. 6B).
- This system thus produced makes it possible to emit photons by the luminescent layer 4 (by luminescence) under the effect of the pump energy (for example beam 9), to cause the support layer 3 to absorb at least a portion of the light.
- pump energy for example beam 9
- This pump energy to confine this pump energy the beam 9 or the photons emitted by the support layer 3, and to transmit a part of the corresponding energy of the support layer 3 to the luminescent layer 4.
- Zinc oxide can be replaced by other types of materials, such as gallium nitride (GaN) or zinc cadmium oxide (ZnCdO).
- the substrate should be transparent to the active and active emission wavelength (absorption and light emission) at the emission wavelength of the polymer. Its deposition in the form of a thin layer must be controlled. It must also be possible to nanostructure it.
- the support layer 3 may be electroluminescent (FIG. 7) or the substrate 2 may be an electroluminescent active substrate (FIG. 8), for example in the form of a light-emitting diode (LD, LED), so as to carry out the electronic pumping of the support layer 3 or substrate 2 as appropriate.
- LD light-emitting diode
- the system according to the invention can be implemented in particular as a sensor for the detection of particular analytes.
- filtering means for example at least one molecular filter, to detect specific chemical species, for example molecules of explosives such as TNT or DNT.
- the system In operation, the system is positioned in an atmosphere that may include analytes to be detected. It is then subjected to a pumping energy (possibly above the laser threshold) and the initial value of the light emission of the luminescent layer 4 is recorded. The system is maintained in the atmosphere for the following measurements: in the presence of analytes to be detected, beyond a given time, these molecules are adsorbed on the luminescent layer 4, which modifies the emission properties of this one (decrease in light intensity).
- the final value of the light emission is then recorded, and the difference between the initial and final light emission is compared to a threshold.
- the value of this Threshold difference can trigger a predetermined analyte presence signal, for example an alarm signal.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0904820A FR2951318B1 (fr) | 2009-10-08 | 2009-10-08 | Systeme de detection optique a substrat actif, procede de fabrication d'un tel systeme |
PCT/FR2010/052127 WO2011042673A2 (fr) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Systeme de detection optique a substrat actif, procede de fabrication d'un tel systeme |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2486393A2 true EP2486393A2 (fr) | 2012-08-15 |
Family
ID=42144976
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10781960A Withdrawn EP2486393A2 (fr) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Systeme de detection optique a substrat actif, procede de fabrication d'un tel systeme |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2486393A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2951318B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011042673A2 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003031953A2 (fr) * | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-17 | University Of Florida | Procedes et appareil de detection de composes nitroaromatiques |
US7759127B2 (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2010-07-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Organic materials able to detect analytes |
WO2006136998A2 (fr) * | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Laser a guide d'onde integre pour diagnostic de laboratoire sur puce |
-
2009
- 2009-10-08 FR FR0904820A patent/FR2951318B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-10-08 WO PCT/FR2010/052127 patent/WO2011042673A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-10-08 EP EP10781960A patent/EP2486393A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2011042673A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2951318B1 (fr) | 2012-02-24 |
FR2951318A1 (fr) | 2011-04-15 |
WO2011042673A3 (fr) | 2011-06-03 |
WO2011042673A2 (fr) | 2011-04-14 |
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