EP2485580A1 - Cultivar de riz baptisé 'cl111' - Google Patents

Cultivar de riz baptisé 'cl111'

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Publication number
EP2485580A1
EP2485580A1 EP10822659A EP10822659A EP2485580A1 EP 2485580 A1 EP2485580 A1 EP 2485580A1 EP 10822659 A EP10822659 A EP 10822659A EP 10822659 A EP10822659 A EP 10822659A EP 2485580 A1 EP2485580 A1 EP 2485580A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rice
plant
plants
herbicide
rice plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP10822659A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2485580A4 (fr
Inventor
Steven D. Linscombe
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Board of Supervisors of Lousiana State University
Louisiana State University
Original Assignee
Board of Supervisors of Lousiana State University
Louisiana State University
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Application filed by Board of Supervisors of Lousiana State University, Louisiana State University filed Critical Board of Supervisors of Lousiana State University
Priority claimed from PCT/US2010/051749 external-priority patent/WO2011044315A1/fr
Publication of EP2485580A1 publication Critical patent/EP2485580A1/fr
Publication of EP2485580A4 publication Critical patent/EP2485580A4/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/10—Seeds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/46—Gramineae or Poaceae, e.g. ryegrass, rice, wheat or maize
    • A01H6/4636—Oryza sp. [rice]

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to the rice cultivar designated 'CL 1 1 1 ,' and to hybrids of, and cultivars derived from the rice cultivar designated 'CL 1 1 1 .'
  • Rice is an ancient agricultural crop, and remains one of the world's principal food crops.
  • the African rice. Oryza sativa L. constitutes virtually all of the world's cultivated rice and is the species grown in the United States.
  • Rice is a semiaquatic crop that benefits from flooded soil conditions during part or all of the growing season.
  • rice is typically grown on flooded soil to optimize grain yields.
  • Heavy clay soils or silt loam soils with hard pan layers about 30 cm below the surface are typical rice-producing soils, because they reduce water loss from soil percolation.
  • Rice production in the United States can be broadly categorized as either dry- seeded or water-seeded. In the dry-seeded system, rice is sown into a well-prepared seed bed with a grain drill or by broadcasting the seed and incorporating it with a disk or harrow. Moisture for seed germination comes from irrigation or rainfall.
  • Another method of dry- seeding is to broadcast the seed by airplane into a flooded field, and then to promptly drain the water from the field.
  • a shallow permanent flood of water 5 to 16 cm deep is applied to the field for the remainder of the crop season.
  • One method of water-seeding is to soak rice seed for 12 to 36 hours to initiate germination, and then to broadcast the seed by airplane into a flooded field.
  • the seedlings emerge through a shallow flood, or the water may be drained from the field for a short period of time to enhance seedling establishment.
  • a shallow flood is then maintained until the rice approaches maturity.
  • the fields are drained when the crop is mature, and the rice is harvested 2 to 3 weeks later with large combines.
  • Grain yield depends, in part, on the number of panicles per unit area, the number of fertile florets per panicle, and grain weight per floret. Increases in any or all of these components may help improve yields. Heritable variation exists for each of these components, and breeders may directly or indirectly select for any of them.
  • Plant breeding begins with the analysis and definition of problems and weaknesses of the current germplasm, the establishment of program goals, and the definition of specific breeding objectives.
  • the next step is selection (or generation) of germplasm that possess the traits to meet the program goals.
  • the goal is often to combine in a single variety an improved combination of desirable traits from two or more ancestral germplasm lines.
  • These traits may include such things as higher seed yield, resistance to disease or insects, better stems and roots, tolerance to low temperatures, and better agronomic characteristics or grain quality.
  • breeding and selection methods depends on the mode of plant reproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and the type of seed that is used commercially (e.g., Fi hybrid, versus pure line or inbred cultivars). For highly heritable traits, a choice of superior individual plants evaluated at a single location may sometimes be effective, while for traits with low or more complex heritability, selection is often based on mean values obtained from replicated evaluations of families of related plants. Selection methods include pedigree selection, modified pedigree selection, mass selection, recurrent selection, and combinations of these methods.
  • a particularly difficult task is the identification of individual plants that are, indeed, genetically superior.
  • a plant's phenotype results from a complex interaction of genetics and environment.
  • One method for identifying a genetically superior plant is to observe its performance relative to other experimental plants and to a widely grown standard cultivar raised in an identical environment. Repeated observations from multiple locations can help provide a better estimate of its genetic worth.
  • the goal of rice breeding is to develop new, unique, and superior rice cultivars and hybrids.
  • the breeder initially selects and crosses two or more parental lines, followed by self pollination and selection, producing many new genetic combinations.
  • the breeder can generate billions of different genetic combinations via crossing, selfing, and mutation breeding.
  • the traditional breeder has no direct control at the molecular level. Therefore, two traditional breeders working independently of one another will never develop the same line, or even very similar lines, with the same traits.
  • Hybrid seed is typically produced by manual crosses between selected male-fertile parents or by using genetic male sterility systems. These hybrids are typically selected for single gene traits that unambiguously indicate that a plant is indeed an F
  • Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are sometimes used to develop cultivars from breeding populations. These breeding methods combine desirable traits from two or more cultivars or other germplasm sources into breeding pools from which cultivars are developed by ⁇ selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new cultivars are evaluated to determine commercial potential.
  • Pedigree breeding is often used to improve self-pollinating crops. Two parents possessing favorable, complementary traits are crossed to produce F t plants. An F 2 population is produced by selfing one or more F
  • F6 or F7 an advanced stage of inbreeding
  • Mass and recurrent selection methods can also be used to improve populations of either self- or cross-pollinating crops.
  • a genetically variable population of heterozygous individuals is either identified or created by intercrossing several different parents. The best offspring plants are selected based on individual superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellent combining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a new population in which further cycles of selection are continued.
  • Backcross breeding is often used to transfer genes for a simply inherited, highly heritable trait into a desirable homozygous cultivar or inbred line, which is the recurrent parent.
  • the source of the trait to be transferred is called the donor parent.
  • the resulting plant should ideally have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g., cultivar) and the desired new trait transferred from the donor parent.
  • individuals possessing the desired donor phenotype e.g., disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide tolerance
  • backcrossed to the recurrent parent.
  • the single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to planting a segregating population, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, and using the one-seed sample to plant the next generation.
  • the plants from which lines are derived will each trace to different F individuals.
  • the number of plants in a population declines each generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plants to produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F2 plants originally sampled in the population will be represented by a progeny when generation advance is completed.
  • a multiple-seed procedure the breeder harvests one or more seeds from each plant in a population and threshes them together to form a bulk. Part of the bulk is used to plant the next generation and part is put in reserve.
  • the procedure has been referred to as modified single-seed descent or the pod-bulk technique.
  • the multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. It is considerably faster to thresh panicles by machine than to remove one seed from each by hand as in the single-seed procedure.
  • the multiple- seed procedure also makes it possible to plant the same number of seeds from a population for each generation of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested to compensate for plants that did not germinate or produce seed.
  • 'CL1 1 1 a novel, herbicide-resistant, very high yielding, very early maturing, short stature, long-grain rice long-grain rice cultivar designated 'CL1 1 1.
  • This invention also pertains to methods for producing a hybrid or new variety by crossing the rice variety 'CL1 1 ⁇ with another rice line, one or more times.
  • any such methods using the rice variety 'CL 1 1 1 ' are aspects of this invention, including backcrossing, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and other breeding methods involving 'CL 1 1 1 .
  • Hybrid plants produced using the rice variety 'CL 1 1 as a parent are also within the scope of this invention.
  • either parent can, through routine manipulation of cytoplasmic or other factors through techniques known in the art, be produced in a male-sterile form.
  • this invention allows for single-gene converted plants of 'CL 1 1 1.
  • the single transferred gene may be a dominant or recessive allele.
  • the single transferred gene confers a trait such as resistance to insects, one or more bacterial, fungal or viral diseases, male fertility or sterility, enhanced nutritional quality, enhanced processing qualities, or an additional source of herbicide resistance.
  • the single gene may be a naturally occurring rice gene or a transgene introduced through genetic engineering techniques known in the art. The single gene also may be introduced through traditional backcrossing techniques or genetic transformation techniques known in the art.
  • this invention provides rcgenerable cells for use in tissue culture of rice plant 'CL l 1 1 .
  • the tissue culture may allow for regeneration of plants having physiological and morphological characteristics of rice plant 'CLl l l ' and of regenerating plants having substantially the same genotype as rice plant 'CLl l l .
  • Tissue culture techniques for rice are known in the art.
  • the regenerable cells in tissue culture may be derived from sources such as embryos, protoplasts, meristematic cells, callus, pollen, leaves, anthers, root tips, flowers, seeds, panicles, or stems.
  • the invention provides rice plants regenerated from such tissue cultures.
  • the present invention provides a method for controlling weeds in the vicinity of rice.
  • the method comprises contacting the rice with a herbicide, wherein said rice belongs to any of (a) variety 'CLl 1 1 ' or (b) a hybrid, derivative, or progeny of 'CL l 1 that expresses the imidazolinone herbicide resistance characteristics of 'CLl 1 1 .'
  • the herbicide is an imidazolinone herbicide, a sulfonylurea herbicide, or a combination thereof.
  • the rice is a rice plant and said contacting comprises applying the herbicide in the vicinity of the rice plant.
  • the herbicide is applied to weeds in the vicinity of the rice plant.
  • the rice is a rice seed and said contacting comprises applying the herbicide to the rice seed.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating rice.
  • the method comprises contacting the rice with an agronomically acceptable composition, wherein said rice belongs to any of (a) variety 'CLl l l' or (b) a hybrid, derivative, or progeny of 'CLl l l' that expresses the imidazolinone herbicide resistance characteristics of 'CLl 1 1.'
  • the agronomically acceptable composition comprises at least one agronomically acceptable active ingredient.
  • the agronomically acceptable active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of fungicides, insecticides, antibiotics, stress tolerance- enhancing compounds, growth promoters, herbicides, molluscicides, rodenticides, and animal repellants, and combinations thereof.
  • Grain yield is measured in pounds per acre, at 12.0% moisture.
  • Grain yield depends on a number of factors, including the number of panicles per unit area, the number of fertile florets per panicle, and grain weight per floret.
  • Lodging Percent Lodging is a subjectively measured rating, and is the percentage of plant stems leaning or fallen completely to the ground before harvest.
  • Plant Height Plant height in centimeters, measured from soil surface to the tip of the extended panicle at harvest.
  • amylose Percent The percentage of the endosperm starch of milled rice that is amylose. The apparent amylose percent is an important grain characteristic that affects cooking behavior. Standard long grains contain 20 to 23 percent amylose. Rexmont-type long grains contain 24 to 25 percent amylose. Short and medium grains contain 13 to 19 percent amylose. Waxy rice contains zero percent amylose. Amylose values, like most characteristics of rice, depend on the environment. "Apparent” refers to the procedure for determining amylose, which may also involve measuring some long chain amylopectin molecules that bind to some of the amylose molecules. These amylopectin molecules actually act similar to amylose in determining the relative hard or soft cooking characteristics.
  • Alkali Spreading Value An index that measures the extent of disintegration of the milled rice kernel when in contact with dilute alkali solution. An indicator of gelatinization temperature. Standard long grains have a 3 to 5 Alkali Spreading Value (intermediate gelatinization temperature).
  • Setback 1 is the final viscosity minus the trough viscosity.
  • Setback 2 is the final viscosity minus the peak viscosity.
  • Viscosity As measured by a Rapid Visco Analyzer, is a new but widely used laboratory instrument to examine paste viscosity or thickening ability of milled rice during the cooking process.
  • Allele is any of one or more alternate forms of the same gene. In a diploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a given gene occupy corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
  • Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedly crosses hybrid progeny back to one of the parents, for example, crossing a first generation hybrid F
  • a plant having "essentially all the physiological and morphological characteristics" of a specified plant refers to a plant having the same general physiological and morphological characteristics, except for those characteristics derived from a particular converted gene.
  • Quantitative Trait Loci QTL
  • Quantitative trait loci refer to genetic loci that to some degree control numerically measurable traits, generally traits that are continuously distributed.
  • Regeneration refers to the development of a plant from tissue culture.
  • Single Gene Converted (Conversion). Single gene converted (conversion) includes plants developed by backcrossing wherein essentially all of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of a parental variety are recovered, while retaining a single gene transferred into the variety via crossing and backcrossing. The term can also refer to the introduction of a single gene through genetic engineering techniques known in the art.
  • 'CL l.i is a short stature, long-grain rice variety that contains, by common ancestry, the same gene for herbicide resistance as that found in the cultivar 'CL 161.' The pedigree for this line is 9502008-A/'Drew'///CFX-29//AR 1 142/LA 203 1. CFX-29 is an imazethapyr-resistant mutant derived from the variety Cypress. See U.S. Patent 7,019, 196. 'CL l i r is highly resistant to imidazolinone herbicides, including but not limited to imazethapyr and imazamox.
  • 'CL 1 1 1 ⁇ The herbicide resistance characteristics of CFX-29 and of 'CL 1 1 1 ' are essentially identical to those of 'CL 161 ' (ATCC deposit PTA-904).
  • 'CL 1 1 ⁇ and its hybrids and derived varieties are adapted for growing throughout the rice growing areas of Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi and Missouri; and will also be well suited for growing in many other rice-producing areas throughout the world.
  • 29//AR-1 142/LA 2031 made at the Louisiana State University Rice Research Station in Crowley, Louisiana.
  • the line originated as an F3 bulk of a single progeny row.
  • 'CL 1 1 ⁇ has a short stature, and is moderately resistant to lodging. It averaged 37 inches in height during three years of testing, as compared to 37 and 33 inches for cultivars 'CL151 ' and 'CL131 ,' respectively.
  • 'CLl l l ' is earlier in maturity than the other CL rice cultivars that have been released to date.
  • the line was harvested and selected through early generations for phenotypic superiority for characteristics such as short plant architecture, grain shape and uniformity, seedling vigor, tiller number, and grain size. In later generations (seed increase), the line was selected for uniformity and purity both within and between panicle rows. Variants removed from seed-increase fields of 'CL 1 1 1 ' were primarily taller or later plants. Other variants included any combination of the following: leaf pubescence, earlier, shorter, medium grain, intermediate grain, gold hull, and lighter colored leaf. The overall incidence of variants less than 1 per 5,000 plants. Foundation seed rice was eventually grown beginning with the F7 generation. Seed from the F5 , , and F7 generations were entered into an experimental line testing program, and were also tested at several locations in Louisiana rice producing areas. 'CL 1 1 ⁇ has been observed to be stable for at least three generations.
  • Seedling Vigor Subjective rating of seedling
  • Width 12 mm
  • Blade Color (at heading): Dark Green
  • Basal Leaf Sheath Color (at heading): Green (00711 LIGULE:
  • Seed Coat (bran) Color Light Brown
  • Endosperm Type Nonglutinous (Non-Waxy)
  • Endosperm Chalkiness (small, less than 10% of sample) Scent: Nonscented Shape Class (Length/width ratio):
  • Milling yield (% white kernel (head) rice to rough rice): 65-71
  • Amylose 22.1 %
  • INSECT RESISTANCE Susceptible to Rice Water Weevil (Lissor optnis oryzophiliis), and to Rice Stalk Borer (Chilo plejadelluus) :
  • the variety is resistant to imidazolinone herbicides.
  • the herbicide resistance , profile is essentially the same as that of 'CL161 ,' being derived from common ancestry.
  • the herbicide tolerance allows 'CLl l l ,' its hybrids, and derived varieties to be used with ClearfieldTM rice technology and herbicides, including among others imazethapyr and imazamox, for the selective control of weeds, including red rice. See generally U.S. Patent 6,943,280.
  • the variety is tolerant to some herbicides, and susceptible to some herbicides, that normally inhibit the growth of rice plants.
  • the herbicide tolerance and susceptibility characteristics of 'CL l l l ' include or are expected to include the following. These characteristics are in some cases based on actual observations to date, and in other cases reflect assumptions based on common ancestry with 'CL 161 ':
  • 'CLl l l ' expresses a mutant acetohydroxyacid synthase whose enzymatic activity is directly resistant to normally-inhibitory levels of a herbicidally- effective imidazolinone; ,'CLl i r is resistant to each of the following imidazolinone herbicides, at levels of the imidazolinone herbicides that would normally inhibit the growth of a rice plant: imazethapyr, imazapic, imazaquin, imazamox, and imazapyr;
  • 'CL1 1 ⁇ is resistant to each of the following sulfonylurea herbicides, at levels of the sulfonylurea herbicides that would normally inhibit the growth of a rice plant: nicosulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, thifensulfuron methyl, and tribenuron methyl;
  • 'CL 1 1 ⁇ is sensitive to each of the following sulfonylurea herbicides, at levels of the sulfonylurea herbicides that would normally inhibit the growth of a rice plant: sulfometuron methyl, chlorimuron ethyl, and rimsulfuron.
  • This invention is also directed to methods for producing a rice plant by crossing a first parent rice plant with a second parent rice plant, wherein the first or second rice plant is a rice plant from the line 'CL l l l .
  • first and second parent rice plants may be from the cultivar 'CLl l l ,' although it is preferred that one of the parents be different.
  • Methods using the cultivar 'CL1 1 1 ' are part of this invention, including crossing, selfing, backcrossing, hybrid breeding, crossing to populations, the other breeding methods discussed earlier in this specification, and other breeding methods known to those of skill in the art. Any plants produced using cultivar 'CLl l l' as a parent or ancestor are within the scope of this invention.
  • the other parents or other lines used in such breeding programs may be any of the wide number of rice varieties, cultivars, populations, experimental lines, and other sources of rice germplasm known in the art.
  • this invention includes methods for producing a first-generation hybrid rice plant by crossing a first parent rice plant with a second parent rice plant, wherein either the first or second parent rice plant is 'CL 1 1 1.
  • this invention is also directed to methods for producing a hybrid rice line derived from 'CL 1 1 1 ' by crossing 'CL 1 1 ⁇ with a second rice plant, and growing the progeny seed. The crossing and growing steps may be repeated any number of times. Breeding methods using the rice line 'CL 1 1 are considered part of this invention, not only backcrossing and hybrid production, but also selfing, crosses to populations, and other breeding methods known in the art.
  • either of the parents in such a cross, 'CL 1 1 1 ' or the other parent may be produced in male-sterile form, using techniques known in the art.
  • plant includes plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cells of tissue culture from which rice plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as pollen, flowers, embryos, ovules, seeds, pods, leaves, stems, anthers and the like.
  • another aspect of this invention is to provide for cells that, upon growth and differentiation, produce a cultivar having essentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of 'CL1 1 1.'
  • Useful methods include but are not limited to expression vectors introduced into plant tissues using a direct gene transfer method such as microprojectile-mediated delivery, DNA injection, electroporation and the like. More preferably expression vectors are introduced into plant tissues using the microprojectile media delivery with biolistic device- or Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transformed plants obtained with the germplasm of 'CL l 1 ⁇ are intended to be within the scope of this invention.
  • the present invention also provides rice plants regenerated from a tissue culture of the 'CL l 1 ⁇ variety or hybrid plant.
  • tissue culture can be used for the in vitro regeneration of a rice plant.
  • Chu, Q. R. et al. (1999) "Use of bridging parents with high anther culturability to improve plant regeneration and breeding value in rice," Rice Biotechnology Quarterly, 38:25-26; Chu, Q. R. et al., "A novel plant regeneration medium for rice anther culture of Southern U.S. crosses," Rice Biotechnology Quarterly, 35: 15- 16 ( 1998); Chu, Q. R.
  • Another aspect of this invention is to provide cells that, upon growth and differentiation, produce rice plants having all, or essentially all, of the physiological and morphological characteristics of variety 'CL 1 1 1 .'
  • Another aspect of this invention is to provide cells that, upon growth and differentiation, produce rice plants having all, or essentially all, of the physiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid rice line 'CL1 1 1.' See T.P. Croughan et al. , (Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 1991 ) Rice ⁇ Oryza saliva. L): Establishment of Callus Culture and the regeneration of Plants, in Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry (19-37).
  • transgenic plants Over the last 15 to 20 years, several methods for producing transgenic plants have been developed, and the present invention, in particular embodiments, also relates to transformed versions of 'CL 1 1 1.'
  • An expression vector is constructed that will function in plant cells.
  • Such a vector comprises a DNA coding sequence under the control of or operatively linked to a regulatory element (e.g., a promoter).
  • the expression vector may contain one or more such operably linked coding sequence/regulatory element combinations.
  • the vector(s) may be in the form of a plasmid, and can be used alone or in combination with other plasmids to provide transformed rice plants.
  • Expression vectors commonly include at least one genetic "marker,” operably linked to a regulatory element (e.g., a promoter) that allows transformed cells containing the marker to be either recovered by negative selection, i.e., inhibiting growth of cells that do not contain the selectable marker gene, or by positive selection, i.e., screening for the product encoded by the genetic marker.
  • a regulatory element e.g., a promoter
  • Many commonly used selectable marker genes for plant transformation are known in the art, and include, for example, genes that code for enzymes that metabolically detoxify a selective chemical inhibitor such as an antibiotic or a herbicide, or genes that encode an altered target that is insensitive to such an inhibitor. Positive selection methods are also known in the art.
  • a commonly used selectable marker gene for plant transformation is that for neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptll), isolated from transposon Tn5, whose expression confers resistance to kanamycin. See Fraley et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 80:4803 (1983).
  • Another commonly used selectable marker gene is the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. See Vanden Elzen et al., Plant Mol. Biol, 5:299 (1985).
  • Additional selectable marker genes of bacterial origin that confer resistance to one or more antibiotics include gentamycin acetyl transferase, streptomycin phosphotransferase, aminoglycoside-3'-adenyl transferase, and the bleomycin resistance determinant. Hayford et ai . Plant Physiol. , 86: 1216 ( 1988), Jones et ai , Mol. Gen. Genet. , 210:86 ( 1987), Svab et a/. , Plant Mol. Biol., 14: 197 ( 1990); Plant Mol. Biol., 7: 171 (1986).
  • selectable marker genes confer resistance to herbicides such as glyphosatc, glufosinate, or broxynil. Comai et ai , Nature, 317:741-744 (1985); Gordon-Kamm et ai , Plant Cell, 2:603-618 (1990); and Stalker et ai, Science, 242:419-423 (1988).
  • Selectable marker genes for plant transformation of non-bacterial origin include, for example, mouse dihydrofolate reductase, plant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase, and plant acetolactate synthase.
  • Eichholtz et ai Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 13:67 (1987); Shah et ai, Science, 233:478 (1986); and Charest et ai , Plant Cell Rep. , 8:643 (1990).
  • marker genes for plant transformation employs screening of presumptively transformed plant cells, rather than selection for resistance to a toxic substance such as an antibiotic. These marker genes are particularly useful to quantify or visualize the spatial pattern of expression of a gene in specific tissues, and are frequently referred to as reporter genes because they may be fused to the target gene or regulatory sequence. Commonly used reporter genes include glucuronidase (GUS), galactosidase, luciferase, chloramphenicol, and acetyltransferase. See Jefferson, R. A., Plant Mol. Biol.
  • GFP Green Fluorescent Protein
  • Genes included in expression vectors are driven by a nucleotide sequence comprising a regulatory element, for example, a promoter.
  • a regulatory element for example, a promoter.
  • Many suitable promoters are known in the art, as are other regulatory elements that may be used either alone or in combination with promoters.
  • promoter refers to a region of DNA upstream from the transcription initiation site, a region that is involved in recognition and binding of RNA polymerase and other proteins to initiate transcription.
  • a "plant promoter” is a promoter capable of initiating transcription in plant cells. Examples of promoters under developmental control include promoters that preferentially initiate transcription in certain tissues, such as leaves, roots, seeds, fibers, xylem vessels, tracheids, or sclerenchyma.
  • tissue-preferred Promoters that initiate transcription only in certain tissue are referred to as "tissue-specific.”
  • a "cell type” specific promoter primarily drives expression in certain cell types in one or more organs, for example, vascular cells in roots or leaves.
  • An “inducible” promoter is a promoter that is under environmental control. Examples of environmental conditions that may induce transcription by inducible promoters include anaerobic conditions or the presence of light. Tissue-specific, tissue-preferred, cell type specific, and inducible promoters are examples of “non-constitutive” promoters.
  • a “constitutive” promoter is a promoter that is generally active under most, environmental conditions.
  • An inducible promoter is operably linked to a gene for expression in rice.
  • the inducible promoter is operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence that is operably linked to a gene for expression in rice.
  • the rate of transcription increases in response to an inducing agent.
  • a preferred inducible promoter is one that responds to an inducing agent to which plants do not normally respond, for example, the inducible promoter from a steroid hormone gene, the transcriptional activity of which is induced by a glucocorticosteroid hormone. See Schena et ai , Proc. Natl. Acad. ScL , U.S.A. 88:0421 (1991 ).
  • a constitutive promoter is operably linked to a gene for expression in rice, or the constitutive promoter is operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence that is operably linked to a gene for expression in rice.
  • Constitutive promoters may also be used in the instant invention. Examples include promoters from plant viruses such as the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus, Odell et al, Nature, 313:810-812 (1985), and the promoters from the rice actin gene, McElroy et al. , Plant Cell, 2: 163-171 (1990); ubiquitin, Christensen et al, Plant Mol.
  • ALS AH AS
  • AH AS AH AS promoter
  • Brassica napus ALS3 structural gene (or a nucleotide sequence similar to said Xba l Ncol fragment), may be used as a constitutive promoter. See PCT Application WO 96/30530. The promoter from a rice ALS (AHAS) gene may also be used. See the sequences disclosed in PCT Application WO 01 /85970; and U.S. Patent No. 6,943,280.
  • tissue-specific promoter is operably linked to a gene for expression in rice.
  • the tissue-specific promoter is operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence that is operably linked to a gene for expression in rice.
  • Transformed plants produce the expression product of the transgene exclusively, or preferentially, in specific tissue(s).
  • tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter may be used in the instant invention.
  • tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoters include those from the phaseolin gene, Murai et al , Science, 23:476-482 (1983), and Sengupta-Gopalan et al , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 82:3320-3324 (1985); a leaf-specific and light-induced promoter such as that from cab or rubisco, Simpson et al , EMBO J.
  • Transport of protein or peptide molecules produced by transgenes to a subcellular compartment such as a chloroplast, vacuole, peroxisome, glyoxysome, cell wall, or mitochondrion, or for secretion into an apoplast is accomplished by operably linking a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence to the 5' or 3' end of a gene encoding the protein or peptide of interest.
  • Targeting sequences at the 5' or 3' end of the structural gene may determine, during protein synthesis and processing, where the encoded protein is ultimately compartmentalized.
  • Agronomically significant genes that may be transformed into rice plants in accordance with the present invention include, for example, the following:
  • A. Plant disease resistance genes Plant defenses are often activated by specific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene (R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen.
  • a plant may be transformed with a cloned resistance gene to engineer plants that are resistant to specific pathogen strains. See, e.g., Jones et al , Science 266:789 (1994) (cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum); Martin et al, Science 262: 1432 (1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato encodes a protein kinase); and Mindrinos et al, Cell 78: 1089 (1994) (Arabidopsis RSP2 gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae).
  • a lectin See, for example, Van Damme et al. , Plant Molec. Biol. 24:25 ( 1994), disclosing the nucleotide sequences of several Clivia miniata mannose-binding lectin genes.
  • a vitamin-binding protein such as avidin. Sec PCT Application US93/06487.
  • E. An enzyme inhibitor e.g., a protease or proteinase inhibitor or an amylase inhibitor. See, e.g., Abe et al , J. Biol. Chem. 262: 16793 ( 1987) (nucleotide sequence of rice cysteine proteinase inhibitor); Huub et al. , Plant Molec. Biol. 21 :985 (1993) (nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding tobacco proteinase inhibitor 1); and Sumitani et al, Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57: 1243 ( 1993) (nucleotide sequence of Streptomyces nitrosporeus-amylase inhibitor).
  • F An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone, a variant thereof, a mimetic based thereon, or an antagonist or agonist thereof. See, e.g., Hammock et al, Nature, 344:458 (1990), disclosing baculovirus expression of cloned juvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone.
  • G An insect-specific peptide or neuropeptide that, upon expression, disrupts the physiology of the affected pest. See, e.g., Regan, J. Biol. Chem. 269:9 ( 1994) (expression cloning yields DNA coding for insect diuretic hormone receptor); and Pratt et al. , Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. , 163 : 1243 ( 1989) (an allostatin in Diploptera puntata). See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,3 17 to Tomalski et al., disclosing genes encoding insect-specific, paralytic neurotoxins.
  • I An enzyme responsible for hyperaccumulation of a monoterpene, a sesquiterpene, a steroid, hydroxamic acid, a phenylpropanoid derivative or another non-protein molecule with insecticidal activity.
  • An enzyme involved in the modification, including post-translational modification, of a biologically active molecule e.g., a glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme, a nuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, a phosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, a chitinase, or a glucanase, either natural or synthetic.
  • a glycolytic enzyme e.g., a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme, a nuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, a phosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, a chitinase, or
  • DNA molecules that contain chitinase- encoding sequences can be obtained, for example, from the American Type Culture Collection under Accession Nos. 39637 and 67152. See also Kramer et ai, Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 23:691 (1993), which discloses the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding tobacco hookworm chitinase; and Kawalleck et ai , Plant Molec. Biol., 21 :673 ( 1993), which discloses the nucleotide sequence of the parsley ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene.
  • K A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. See, e.g., Botella et ai . Plant Molec. Biol., 24:757 ( 1994), which discloses nucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin cDNA clones; and Griess et ai, Plant Physiol , 104: 1467 ( 1994), which discloses the nucleotide sequence of a maize calmodulin cD A clone.
  • M A membrane permease, a channel former or a channel blocker. See, e.g., Jaynes et ai , Plant Sci., 89:43 (1993), which discloses heterologous expression of a cecropin lytic peptide analog to render transgenic tobacco plants resistant to Pseudomonas solanacearum.
  • N A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom.
  • the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plant cells induces resistance to viral infection or disease development caused by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived, as well as by related viruses.
  • Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upon transformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco etch virus, tobacco rattle virus, and tobacco mosaic virus. See Beachy et ai , Ann. Rev. Phytopathol, 28:451 ( 1990).
  • P. A virus-specific antibody See, e.g., Tavladoraki et ai. Nature, 366:469 ( 1993), showing protection of transgenic plants expressing recombinant antibody genes from virus attack.
  • fungal endo- 1 ,4-D-polygalacturonases facilitate fungal colonization and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plant cell wall homo- 1 ,4-D-galacturonase.
  • Lamb et ai Bio/Technology, 10: 1436 (1992).
  • the cloning and characterization of a gene that encodes a bean endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein is described by Toubart et ai, Plant J., 2:367 (1992).
  • a herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem such as an imidazolinone or a sulfonylurea.
  • Exemplary genes in this category code for mutant ALS and AHAS enzymes as described, for example, by Lee et ai, EMBO J., 7: 1241 ( 1988); and Miki et ai, Theor. Appl. Genet. , 80:449 (1990), respectively. See, additionally, U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Resistance to AHAS-acting herbicides may be through a mechanism other than a resistant AHAS enzyme. See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 5,545,822.
  • phosphinothricin-acetyl- transferase gene The nucleotide sequence of a phosphinothricin-acetyl- transferase gene is provided in European Application No. 0242246 to Leemans et al. and DeGreef et al., Bio/Technology, 7:61 (1989), describing the production of transgenic plants that express chimeric bar genes coding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase activity.
  • genes conferring resistance to phenoxy propionic acids and cyclohexones, such as sethoxydim and haloxyfop are the Accl-S l , Accl -S2, and Acc l -S3 genes described by Marshall et al., Theor. Appl. Genet., 83:435 (1992).
  • a herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis such as a triazine (psbA and gs+ genes) or a benzonitrile (nitrilase gene).
  • psbA and gs+ genes triazine
  • nitrilase gene a benzonitrile
  • a gene may be introduced to reduce phytate content. For example, this may be accomplished by cloning, and then reintroducing DNA associated with an allele that is responsible for maize mutants characterized by low levels of phytic acid, or a homologous or analogous mutation in rice may be used. See Raboy et al, Maydica, 35:383 (1990).
  • Carbohydrate composition may be modified, for example, by transforming plants with a gene coding for an enzyme that alters the branching pattern of starch. See Shiroza et al. , J. Bacteol. , 170:8 10 ( 1988) (nucleotide sequence of Streptococcus mutant fructosyltransferase gene); Steinmetz et al, Mol. Gen. Genet. , 20:220 ( 1985) (nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene); Pen et al.
  • O ne method for introducing an expression vector into plants is based on the natural transformation system of Agrobacterium. See, e.g., Horsch et ai , Science, 227: 1229 (1985).
  • A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are plant pathogenic soil bacteria that genetically transform plant cells.
  • a generally applicable method of plant transformation is microprojectile- mediated (so-called "gene gun") transformation, in which DNA is carried on the surface of microprojectiles, typically 1 to 4 ⁇ in diameter.
  • the expression vector is introduced into plant tissues with a biolistic device that accelerates the microprojectiles to typical speeds of 300 to 600 m/s, sufficient to penetrate plant cell walls and membranes.
  • Various target tissues may be bombarded with DNA- coated microprojectiles to produce transgenic plants, including, for example, callus (Type I or Type II), immature embryos, and meristematic tissue.
  • transgenic inbred line Following transformation of rice target tissues, expression of a selectable marker gene allows preferential selection of transformed cells, tissues, or plants, using regeneration and selection methods known in the art. [01211 These methods of transformation may be used for producing a transgenic inbred line. The transgenic inbred line may then be crossed with another inbred line (itself either transformed or non-transformed), to produce a new transgenic inbred line. Alternatively, a genetic trait that has been engineered into a particular rice line may be moved into another line using traditional crossing and backcrossing techniques.
  • backcrossing may be used to move an engineered trait from a public, non-elite inbred line into an elite inbred line, or from an inbred line containing a foreign gene in its genome into an inbred line or lines that do not contain that gene.
  • inbred rice plant should be understood also to include single gene conversions of an inbred line.
  • Backcrossing methods can be used with the present invention to improve or introduce a characteristic into an inbred line.
  • Single gene traits have been identified that are not regularly selected for in the development of a new inbred line, but that may be improved by crossing , and backcrossing.
  • Single gene traits may or may not be transgenic. Examples of such traits include male sterility, waxy starch, herbicide resistance, resistance for bacterial or fungal or viral disease, insect resistance, male fertility, enhanced nutritional quality, yield stability, and yield enhancement. These genes are generally inherited through the nucleus. Known exceptions to the nuclear genes include some genes for male sterility that are inherited cytoplasmically, but that still act functionally as single gene traits.
  • Several single gene traits are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,777, 196; 5,948,957; and 5,969,212.
  • ATCC American Type Culture Collection

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des hybrides et des cultivars dérivés du cultivar de riz baptisé 'CL111'. L'invention concerne des semences et des plants de riz hybride obtenus par croisement du cultivar 'CL111' avec un autre cultivar de riz. L'invention concerne, en outre, d'autres dérivés du cultivar de riz 'CL111'.
EP10822659.8A 2009-10-08 2010-10-07 Cultivar de riz baptisé 'cl111' Ceased EP2485580A4 (fr)

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PCT/US2010/051749 WO2011044315A1 (fr) 2009-10-08 2010-10-07 Cultivar de riz baptisé 'cl111'

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007032807A2 (fr) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-22 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Cultivar de riz appele 'cl131'

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007032807A2 (fr) * 2005-09-09 2007-03-22 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Cultivar de riz appele 'cl131'

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
OTTIS BRIAN V ET AL: "Rice yield components as affected by cultivar and seeding rate", AGRONOMY JOURNAL, vol. 972, no. 6, November 2005 (2005-11), pages 1622-1625, XP009167554, ISSN: 0002-1962 *
See also references of WO2011044315A1 *

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