EP2484874B1 - Cam shaft or cam adjustment mechanism with looped springs - Google Patents

Cam shaft or cam adjustment mechanism with looped springs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2484874B1
EP2484874B1 EP20110190463 EP11190463A EP2484874B1 EP 2484874 B1 EP2484874 B1 EP 2484874B1 EP 20110190463 EP20110190463 EP 20110190463 EP 11190463 A EP11190463 A EP 11190463A EP 2484874 B1 EP2484874 B1 EP 2484874B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cam
shaft
adjustment mechanism
spring
looped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20110190463
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2484874A2 (en
EP2484874A3 (en
Inventor
Claudia Zielinski
Michael Bogner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Publication of EP2484874A2 publication Critical patent/EP2484874A2/en
Publication of EP2484874A3 publication Critical patent/EP2484874A3/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/34413—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using composite camshafts, e.g. with cams being able to move relative to the camshaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/34416—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using twisted cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0057—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by splittable or deformable cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L2001/0471—Assembled camshafts
    • F01L2001/0473—Composite camshafts, e.g. with cams or cam sleeve being able to move relative to the inner camshaft or a cam adjusting rod
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
    • F01L2820/03—Auxiliary actuators
    • F01L2820/035—Centrifugal forces

Definitions

  • connection between the wrap springs and the inlet cam is ensured by the engagement of designed as a spring leg ends of the wrap springs in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft extending groove.
  • the individual elements can then be combined with each other without play, which in turn improves the switching precision.
  • the groove may also be aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft in a variant.
  • Fig. 2 is shown as the freedom of movement of the cam 4 is limited to ensure protection against fail chamfer.
  • a security groove 9 is incorporated in the base circle of the cam 4.
  • a communicating with the locking groove 9 pin, such as a pin 10 is incorporated.
  • the pin 10 may also be formed on the cam 4 and the locking groove 9 may be incorporated into the surface of the shaft 2.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Nockenverstellmechanismus mit einer eine ) Rotationsachse umfassenden Welle, wie einer Nockenwelle, einem wellenfesten Auslassnocken, einem Einlassnocken, der innerhalb eines festgelegten Bereiches drehbar auf der Welle gelagert ist und zumindest einem Fliehgewicht, wobei das Fliehgewicht derart in Wirkbeziehung mit dem Einlassnocken steht, dass eine Auslenkung des Fliehgewichts bei einer entsprechenden Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Welle, zu einem Verstellen des Einlassnockens relativ zum Auslassnocken führt.The invention relates to a cam adjustment mechanism having a shaft comprising a rotation axis such as a camshaft, a shaft-fixed exhaust cam, an intake cam rotatably supported on the shaft within a predetermined range, and at least one flyweight, the flyweight thus being operatively associated with the intake cam in that a deflection of the flyweight at a corresponding rotational speed of the shaft leads to an adjustment of the intake cam relative to the exhaust cam.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Nockenverstellmechanismen bekannt, etwa aus der JP 09-324614 oder der US 2009/0240420 A1 . Solche Nockenverstellmechanismen werden eingesetzt, um das Verbrauchsverhalten von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere von Motorrädern wie Klein-Krafträdern, zu verbessern.Cam adjustment mechanisms are known from the prior art, such as JP 09-324614 or the US 2009/0240420 A1 , Such Nockenverstellmechanismen be used to improve the consumption behavior of internal combustion engines, especially motorcycles such as small motorcycles.

Bei bekannten Ansätzen wird fliehkraftabhängig eine Verschiebung von mehreren Zapfen parallel zu einer Rotationsachse der Nockenwelle durchgeführt, so dass in unterschiedlichen Positionen ein Einlassnocken in seiner Lage relativ zu einem Auslassnocken festgelegt wird. Alternativ ist auch bekannt, sich fliehkraftabhängig verstellende Gewichte in einem Einlass-/Auslassnocken zu positionieren, wobei die fliehkraftabhängige ) Verschiebung zu einer Verstellung der Relativposition des Einlassnockens zum Auslassnocken führt.In known approaches, centrifugal force dependent displacement of a plurality of pins is performed parallel to an axis of rotation of the camshaft, so that in different positions, an intake cam is set in its position relative to an exhaust cam. Alternatively, it is also known to position centrifugally force-adjusting weights in an intake / exhaust cam, wherein the centrifugal force-dependent displacement leads to an adjustment of the relative position of the intake cam to the exhaust cam.

Die bekannten Mechanismen sind jedoch aufwändig in ihrer Gestaltung und dadurch konstruktionsintensiv, montageunfreundlich, wartungsanfällig und ausfallunsicher.However, the known mechanisms are complex in their design and therefore design-intensive, easy to install, maintenance-prone and fail-safe.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung einen Nockenverstellmechanismus zur unabhängigen Verstellung von Einlass- und Auslassnocken, vorzugsweise für Einzylinder-Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit einzelner oben liegender Nockenwelle zur Verfügung zu stellen, wobei eine einfachere, kostengünstigere und ausfallsicherere Gestaltung erreicht werden soll.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a Nockenverstellmechanismus for independent adjustment of intake and exhaust cam, preferably for single-cylinder internal combustion engines with single overhead camshaft available, with a simpler, cheaper and more failsafe design is to be achieved.

Anders als bei einfachen, üblichen hydraulischen und mechanischen Systemen soll aber nicht die Phasenlage der gesamten Welle relativ zum Antriebsrad verstellt werden, sondern nur der Bezug zwischen dem Einlassnocken und dem Auslassnocken verändert werden. Dadurch sollen die rechtlichen Regularien, die in vielen Ländern zunehmend schärfer werden, erfüllt werden.Unlike simple, conventional hydraulic and mechanical systems but not the phase angle of the entire shaft to be adjusted relative to the drive wheel, but only the reference between the intake cam and the exhaust cam can be changed. This is intended to fulfill the legal regulations, which are becoming increasingly stringent in many countries.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass ein fliehkraftabhängig in seiner Blockierrichtung verstellbarer Freilauf zwischen den Einlassnocken und der Welle geschalten ist.This object is achieved in that a centrifugal force dependent in its blocking direction adjustable freewheel is connected between the intake cam and the shaft.

Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine unabhängige Variation der Phasenlage des Einlassventils in Relation zum Auslassventil erreichen. Ferner verwendet diese Lösung nur mechanische Bauteile, die kostengünstig beziehbar sind, hochbelastbar und erprobt sind.In this way, an independent variation of the phasing of the inlet valve in relation to the outlet valve can be achieved. Furthermore, this solution uses only mechanical components that are available inexpensively, heavy duty and tested.

Die Erfindung ist in Bezug auf die aktive Verstellung des Einlassnockens dargelegt, doch ist ein zusätzliches aktives Verstellen des Auslassnockens ebenfalls möglich. Die Phasenlage oder die Phasenlagen zu einer Kurbelwelle wird /werden dadurch verstellbar, genauso wie bei abgewandelter Anordnung die Phasenlagen der beiden Nocken zueinander möglich wird.The invention is set forth with respect to the active adjustment of the intake cam, but additional active adjustment of the exhaust cam is also possible. The phase position or phase angles to a Crankshaft is / are thereby adjustable, just as in a modified arrangement, the phase angles of the two cams to each other is possible.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den Unteransprüchen beansprucht und werden nachfolgend näher erläutert.Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the subclaims and are explained in more detail below.

So ist es von Vorteil, wenn zwei gegenläufige Freiläufe zwischen den Einlassnocken und die Welle geschalten sind. Auf diese Weise ist ein stufenloses Hin- und Herschalten zwischen zwei vordefinierten Endlagen einfach möglich.So it is advantageous if two opposing freewheels between the intake cam and the shaft are switched. In this way, a continuous switching back and forth between two predefined end positions is easily possible.

Auch ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Freilauf zwei beidseitig des Einlassnockens angeordnete und/oder die Welle ganz oder teilweise umschlingende Schlingfedern umfasst. Über die Schlingfedern lässt sich eine Klemmwirkung erreichen, die nur bei einer vorbestimmten Umdrehungszahl der Welle gelöst wird, was in einem Schalten des Einlassnockens resultiert.It is also advantageous if the freewheel comprises two wrap springs arranged on both sides of the inlet cam and / or the wraps wholly or partly wraparound around the shaft. About the wrap springs can achieve a clamping effect, which is solved only at a predetermined number of revolutions of the shaft, resulting in a switching of the intake cam.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Fliehgewichte beidseitig des Einlassnockens auf der Welle schwenkbar angeordnet sind. Dadurch kann jeder Freilauf unabhängig vom anderen geschalten werden. Die Blockierrichtung kann ebenfalls dadurch gewechselt werden.A further embodiment is characterized in that two centrifugal weights are pivotally mounted on both sides of the inlet cam on the shaft. This allows each freewheel to be switched independently of the other. The blocking direction can also be changed thereby.

Die Führung der Fliehgewichte wird verbessert, wenn die Fliehgewichte die Welle zumindest abschnittsweise oder vollständig umgreifen.The guidance of the flyweights is improved when the centrifugal weights enclose the shaft at least partially or completely.

Es ist ferner von Vorteil, wenn die Verbindung zwischen den Schlingfedern und dem Einlassnocken über das Eingreifen von als Federschenkel ausgebildeten Enden der Schlingfedern in eine sich parallel zur Rotationsachse der Welle erstreckende Nut sichergestellt ist. Die Einzelelemente können dann spielfrei miteinander kombiniert werden, was wiederum die Umschaltpräzision verbessert. Die Nut kann in einer Variante auch senkrecht zur Rotationsachse der Welle ausgerichtet sein.It is also advantageous if the connection between the wrap springs and the inlet cam is ensured by the engagement of designed as a spring leg ends of the wrap springs in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft extending groove. The individual elements can then be combined with each other without play, which in turn improves the switching precision. The groove may also be aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft in a variant.

Dabei ist es ferner von Vorteil, wenn die Federschenkel spielfrei in die Nut eingesetzt sind, um Unschärfebereiche zu vermeiden.It is also advantageous if the spring legs are used without play in the groove to avoid blur areas.

Wenn jede der Schlingfedern mit einem eigenen Fliehgewicht fest verbunden ist, so können unterschiedlich schwere Gewichte und unterschiedliche Lagerungen zum Ermöglichen des Schwenkens der Fliehgewichte realisiert werden, was die Auslegungsfreundlichkeit verbessert.If each of the wrap springs is fixedly connected to its own flyweight, different weights and bearings can be realized to enable swinging of the flyweights, which enhances ease of design.

Es ist für das Funktionieren des Nockenverstellmechanismus von Vorteil, wenn eine erste Schlingfeder im Ausgangszustand einen solch kleinen, ersten Durchmesser hat, dass sie reibschlüssig und klemmend mit der Welle verbunden ist und im fliehkraftbetätigten Zustand, fliehgewichtaktiviert ein zum ersten Durchmesser soweit größeren zweiten Durchmesser aufweist, dass kein Kraftschluss zwischen der ersten Schlingfeder und der Welle mehr herrscht und/oder die Einzelelemente so zueinander angeordnet beschaffen sind, dass eine zweite Schlingfeder im Ausgangszustand vorgespannt, reibschlüssig und klemmend mit der Welle verbunden ist und fliehkraftbetätigt einen kleineren Durchmesser als im Ausgangszustand aufweist.It is advantageous for the functioning of the cam adjustment mechanism if a first wrap spring has such a small, first diameter in the initial state that it is frictionally and clampingly connected to the shaft and has a second diameter that is larger than the first diameter in the centrifugally-actuated state; that there is no frictional connection between the first wrap spring and the shaft more and / or the individual elements are arranged such that a second wrap spring biased in the initial state, frictionally and clampingly connected to the shaft and centrifugally operated has a smaller diameter than in the initial state.

Die Reaktionsfreudigkeit des Nockenverstellmechanismus wird verbessert, wenn die erste Schlingfeder eine andere Federkraft aufweist, als die zweite Schlingfeder, insbesondere eine schwächere Federkraft aufweist.The reactivity of the cam adjustment mechanism is improved when the first wrap spring has a different spring force than the second wrap spring, in particular has a weaker spring force.

Wenn die Schlingfedern über Hülsen mit den Fliehgewichten direkt oder indirekt verbunden sind, so lässt sich die Montage vereinfachen.If the wrap springs are directly or indirectly connected via sleeves to the flyweights, assembly can be simplified.

Auch ist es von Vorteil, wenn bei der Verbindung der Fliehgewichte mit den Schlingfedern das Kniebewegprinzip realisiert ist. Bei der Nutzung von Kniehebelausführungsformen kann der Einlassnocken in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl in Umfangsrichtung bedarfsgerecht verstellt werden. Um ein übermäßiges Verstellen des Einlassnockens zu verhindern, ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Drehbarkeit des Einlassnockens relativ zur Welle durch das Zusammenspiel eines Pins, der in eine Nut greift, begrenzt ist. Dadurch ist der Einlassnocken entweder in einer ersten vordefinierten Position oder einer bestimmten, zweiten vordefinierten Position befindlich. Dabei ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Nut in den Einlassnocken eingearbeitet und der Pin mit der Welle fest verbunden ist. Allerdings ist es auch möglich, dass die zwei Elemente jeweils Teil eines anderen Bauteils sind.It is also advantageous if the Kniebewegprinzip is realized in the connection of the flyweights with the wrap springs. When using of toggle embodiments, the intake cam can be adjusted according to the speed in the circumferential direction as needed. In order to prevent an excessive adjustment of the inlet cam, it is advantageous if the rotatability of the inlet cam relative to the shaft is limited by the interaction of a pin which engages in a groove. As a result, the intake cam is located either in a first predefined position or a specific, second predefined position. It is advantageous if the groove is incorporated in the inlet cam and the pin is firmly connected to the shaft. However, it is also possible that the two elements are each part of another component.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß auch dadurch gelöst, dass der Nockenverstellmechanismus in einer Einzylinder-Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit einer einzelnen, oben liegenden Nockenwelle für ein Motorrad eingesetzt ist.The object is also achieved in that the cam adjustment mechanism is used in a single-cylinder internal combustion engine with a single, overhead camshaft for a motorcycle.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den Zeichnungen näher erläutert. So zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Nockenverstellmechanismus, von oben,
Fig. 2
eine Darstellung des Nockenverstellmechanismus aus Fig. 1 von unten, auf einen die Auslenkung des Einlassnockens begrenzenden Mechanismus,
Fig. 3
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Fig. 1 und 2 und
Fig. 4
eine weitere Ausführungsform in einer teilweise geschnittenen Darstellung von oben.
Advantageous embodiments are explained in more detail in the drawings. To show:
Fig. 1
an illustration of a first embodiment of a Nockenverstellmechanismus invention, from above,
Fig. 2
an illustration of the cam adjustment mechanism Fig. 1 from below, to a mechanism limiting the displacement of the intake cam,
Fig. 3
a perspective view of an embodiment of the Fig. 1 and 2 and
Fig. 4
a further embodiment in a partially sectioned view from above.

Die Figuren sind lediglich schematischer Natur und dienen nur dem Verständnis der Erfindung. Die gleichen Elemente werden mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.The figures are merely schematic in nature and are only for the understanding of the invention. The same elements are given the same reference numerals.

Die zusätzlichen Elemente des Ausführungsbeispiels aus Fig. 4 sind auch in dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 bis 3 einsetzbar.The additional elements of the embodiment Fig. 4 are also in the embodiment of Fig. 1 to 3 used.

In Fig. 1 ist eine erste Ausführungsform eines Nockenverstellmechanismus 1 dargestellt. Der Nockenverstellmechanismus 1 weist eine Welle 2 auf. Die Welle 2 ist als Nockenwelle ausgebildet und weist eine Rotationsachse 3 auf, die auch als Rotationssymmetrieachse bezeichnet werden kann.In Fig. 1 a first embodiment of a cam adjustment mechanism 1 is shown. The cam adjustment mechanism 1 has a shaft 2. The shaft 2 is designed as a camshaft and has an axis of rotation 3, which can also be referred to as rotational symmetry axis.

Der Nockenverstellmechanismus 1 kann auch als Nockenwellenverstellmechanismus bezeichnet werden, genauso wie die Welle 2 als Nockenwelle bezeichnet werden kann.The cam adjusting mechanism 1 may also be referred to as a camshaft adjusting mechanism, just as the shaft 2 may be referred to as a camshaft.

Im Betrieb der Verbrennungskraftmaschine dreht sich die Welle 2 um ihre Rotationsachse 3. Auf der Welle 2 ist drehfest mit ihr ein Auslassnocken verbunden, der hier nicht dargestellt ist. Der Auslassnocken steht in Interaktion mit einem Auslassventil.During operation of the internal combustion engine, the shaft 2 rotates about its axis of rotation 3. On the shaft 2 is rotatably connected to it an exhaust cam, which is not shown here. The exhaust cam interacts with an exhaust valve.

Ein Einlassnocken 4 ist drehbar innerhalb eines festgelegten Bereiches auf der Welle 2 gelagert. Der Einlassnocken 4 dreht sich dabei fliehkraftbedingt ebenfalls um die Rotationsachse 3. Der Einlassnocken 4 steht in Interaktion mit einem Einlassventil.An intake cam 4 is rotatably supported within a predetermined range on the shaft 2. The intake cam 4 also rotates about the rotational axis 3 due to centrifugal force. The intake cam 4 interacts with an intake valve.

Der Einlassnocken 4 ist im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel mit zwei Freiläufen 5 mit nicht dargestellten Fliehgewichten verbunden. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist jeder der Freiläufe 5 durch eine Schlingfeder 6 aufgebaut, wobei sich die beiden Schlingfedern 6 beidseitig des Einlassnockens 4 befinden und mit jeweils drei Windungen die Welle 2 umgreifen.The intake cam 4 is connected in the present embodiment with two freewheels 5 with centrifugal weights, not shown. In the present embodiment, each of the freewheels 5 is constructed by a wrap spring 6, wherein the two wrap springs 6 on both sides of the Inlet cam 4 are located and surround the shaft 2 with three turns each.

Jede der Schlingfedern 6 weist an ihren beiden Enden je einen Federschenkel 7 auf.Each of the wrap springs 6 has at its two ends depending on a spring leg 7.

Die beiden dem Einlassnocken 4 nächstgelegenen Federschenkel 7 der beiden Schlingfedern 6 sind spielfrei in eine Nut 8 des Einlassnockens 4 eingesetzt. Die Nut 8 ist als Durchgangsloch, insbesondere als Bohrung ausgestaltet.The two spring legs 7 of the two wrap springs 6 closest to the inlet cam 4 are inserted without clearance into a groove 8 of the inlet cam 4. The groove 8 is designed as a through hole, in particular as a bore.

Die beiden Schlingfedern 6 weisen dieselbe Wickelrichtung entlang der Rotationsachse 3 auf.The two wrap springs 6 have the same winding direction along the axis of rotation 3.

Die Anordnung ist derart gestaltet, dass bei Einzylinder-SOHC-Verbrennungskraftmaschinen eine Verstellung der Phasenlage des Einlassnockens 4 in Relation zum Auslassnocken möglich wird. Der Auslassnocken wird hierbei ortsfest auf der Welle 2 befestigt, in gleicher Weise wie ein nicht dargestelltes Antriebsrad, etwa ein Kettenrad auf der Welle befestigt ist. Hiermit wird eine eindeutige Zuordnung der Phasenlage zwischen dem Einlassnocken 4 und dem Antriebsrad gewährleistet.The arrangement is designed such that in single-cylinder SOHC internal combustion engines an adjustment of the phase position of the intake cam 4 in relation to the exhaust cam is possible. The exhaust cam is in this case fixedly mounted on the shaft 2, in the same way as a non-illustrated drive wheel, such as a sprocket is mounted on the shaft. This ensures a clear assignment of the phase angle between the intake cam 4 and the drive wheel.

Erfindungsgemäß wird der zu verstellende Nocken, also hier der Einlassnocken 4, wobei wie erläutert auch eine Verstellung des Auslassnockens grundsätzlich denkbar ist, drehbar auf der Nockenwelle gelagert und über zwei gegenläufig wirkende Freiläufe 5, im konkreten Fall zwei die Schlingfedern 6 umfassende Freiläufe 5, in der gewünschten Position fixiert.According to the cam to be adjusted, so here the intake cam 4, wherein, as explained, an adjustment of the exhaust cam is basically conceivable rotatably mounted on the camshaft and two counter-rotating freewheels 5, in the specific case two wrap springs 5 comprehensive freewheels 5, in fixed to the desired position.

Wie bereits erläutert, kann jedoch auch ein einzelner Freilauf 5 eingesetzt werden, wobei dieser Freilauf 5 derart beschaffen ist, dass drei Schaltpositionen, nämlich links, arretiert und rechts, realisiert werden können.As already explained, however, it is also possible to use a single freewheel 5, wherein this freewheel 5 is designed such that three switching positions, namely on the left, can be locked and locked on the right.

Im unbetätigten Zustand sind die Schlingfedern 6 vorgespannt auf der Nockenwelle angeordnet, die Federschenkel 7 interagieren dabei möglichst spielfrei mit der Nut 8 des Einlassnockens 4. Die Ansteuerung erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels zweier Hülsen, die hier nicht dargestellt sind, wobei diese drehbar über die Schlingfedern 6 geschoben werden und einen nach innen gerichteten Kragen aufweisen, der wiederum mit den Federschenkeln 7 interagiert. Insoweit werden ferner die Hülsen durch ebenfalls nicht dargestellte in Vorzugslage vorgespannte Fliehgewichte, z.B. über eine Kniehebelausführung, in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl der Welle 2 in Umfangsrichtung verstellt.In the unactuated state, the wrap springs 6 are biased arranged on the camshaft, the spring legs 7 interact as possible clearance with the groove 8 of the inlet cam 4. The control is preferably carried out by means of two sleeves, which are not shown here, which rotatably pushed over the wrap springs 6 be and have an inwardly directed collar, which in turn interacts with the spring legs 7. In that regard, the sleeves are further characterized by also not shown in the preferred position biased flyweights, e.g. via a toggle version, adjusted in dependence of the speed of the shaft 2 in the circumferential direction.

Steht die Welle 2 still, ist der Nocken 4 durch die beiden vorgespannten Schlingfedern 6 über die Federschenkel 7 in einer ersten vordefinierten Vorzugslage arretiert. Beginnt die Welle 2 sich zu drehen, bzw. wird eine definierte Grenzdrehzahl überschritten, beginnt je nach festgelegter Verstellrichtung das jeweilige Fliehgewicht die Hülse und somit den entsprechenden äußeren Federschenkel 7 in Öffnungsrichtung zu verstellen. Unter dem äußeren Federschenkel 7 wird der vom Nocken 4 entfernte Federschenkel verstanden. Das durch den Ventiltrieb erzeugte, auf den Nocken 4 wirkende Wechselmoment verstellt den Nocken 4 in der durch die Schlingfeder 6 freigegebenen Richtung. Die Verstellung des Nockens 4 bewirkt wiederum eine Öffnung der gegenüberliegend angeordneten Schlingfeder 6, in Fig. 1 also der rechten Schlingfeder 6, wobei dies wiederum bewirkt, dass jetzt auch das zweite Fliehgewicht über die Hülse öffnen kann.If the shaft 2 stops, the cam 4 is locked by the two prestressed wrap springs 6 via the spring legs 7 in a first predefined preferred position. If the shaft 2 begins to rotate, or if a defined limit speed is exceeded, the respective centrifugal weight begins to adjust the sleeve and thus the corresponding outer spring leg 7 in the opening direction, depending on the determined adjustment direction. Under the outer spring leg 7 of the cam 4 remote spring leg is understood. The change moment, which is generated by the valve drive and acts on the cam 4, displaces the cam 4 in the direction released by the wrap spring 6. The adjustment of the cam 4 in turn causes an opening of the oppositely arranged wrap spring 6, in Fig. 1 that is, the right wrap spring 6, which in turn causes now also the second flyweight can open over the sleeve.

Sinkt die Drehzahl wieder ab, kehrt sich der Effekt um. Das zweite Fliehgewicht wird über die Federvorspannung der Schlingfeder 6 wieder zurück in Richtung der Ausgangslage bewegt, wobei die Hülse den Federschenkel 7 in öffnender Richtung betätigt und einen definierten Verstellweg sowie eine definierte Verstellrichtung des Nockens 4 freigibt. Die Wechselmomente bewegen den Nocken 4 wieder entgegen der vorher freigegebenen Regelrichtung. Die Rückdrehung bewirkt damit eine Betätigung des Federschenkels 7 auf der linken Seite des Nockens 4 in Fig. 1, welcher in der Nut 8 steckt. Die Feder dieses Federschenkels kann über das dieser Feder zugeordnete Fliehgewicht wieder in die Ausgangslage zurückbewegt werden.If the speed drops again, the effect is reversed. The second centrifugal weight is moved back via the spring bias of the wrap spring 6 in the direction of the starting position, wherein the sleeve actuates the spring leg 7 in the opening direction and releases a defined adjustment and a defined adjustment of the cam 4. The alternating moments move the cam 4 again against the previously released control direction. The reverse rotation thus causes an actuation of the spring leg 7 on the left side of the cam 4 in Fig. 1 , which is in the groove 8. The spring of this spring leg can be moved back into the starting position via the flyweight assigned to this spring.

In Fig. 2 ist dargestellt, wie die Bewegungsfreiheit des Nockens 4 begrenzt ist, um eine Absicherung gegen Fail-Fase zu gewährleisten. Dabei ist im Grundkreis des Nockens 4 eine Sicherungsnut 9 eingearbeitet. In die Welle 2 ist ein mit der Sicherungsnut 9 kommunizierender Stift, wie ein Pin 10 eingearbeitet. Somit sind die Endanschläge in beiden Positionen eindeutig definiert.In Fig. 2 is shown as the freedom of movement of the cam 4 is limited to ensure protection against fail chamfer. In this case, a security groove 9 is incorporated in the base circle of the cam 4. In the shaft 2 a communicating with the locking groove 9 pin, such as a pin 10 is incorporated. Thus, the end stops are clearly defined in both positions.

Der Pin 10 kann auch am Nocken 4 ausgebildet sein und die Sicherungsnut 9 in die Oberfläche der Welle 2 eingearbeitet sein.The pin 10 may also be formed on the cam 4 and the locking groove 9 may be incorporated into the surface of the shaft 2.

Prinzipiell kann derselbe Mechanismus auch in einem Nockenwellenrad oder in einem Kurbelwellenrad angeordnet werden und ermöglicht dann eine Verstellung der gesamten Nockenwelle.In principle, the same mechanism can also be arranged in a camshaft gear or in a crankshaft wheel and then allows an adjustment of the entire camshaft.

In Fig. 3 ist eine perspektivische Darstellung gewählt, um das Verständnis der Erfindung zu erleichtern.In Fig. 3 is a perspective view chosen to facilitate the understanding of the invention.

In Fig. 4 ist die Realisierung der Erfindung unter Zuhilfenahme einer Hülse 11, die unter Ausnutzung des Kniehebelprinzips mit einem Fliehgewicht 12 in Verbindung steht, visualisiert.In Fig. 4 is the realization of the invention with the aid of a sleeve 11, which is under utilization of the toggle lever principle with a flyweight 12 in conjunction, visualized.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Nockenverstellmechanismuscam timing
22
Wellewave
33
Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
44
Einlassnockenintake cams
55
Freilauffreewheel
66
Schlingfederwrap
77
Federschenkelspring leg
88th
Nutgroove
99
Sicherungsnutsecuring groove
1010
PinPin code
1111
Hülseshell
1212
Fliehgewichtflyweight

Claims (10)

  1. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) with a shaft (2), such as a camshaft, comprising an axis of rotation (3), with a shaft-fixed outlet cam, with an inlet cam (4) which is mounted rotatably on the shaft (2) within a defined region, and at least one centrifugal weight (12), the centrifugal weight (12) being in operative relationship to the inlet cam (4) in such a way that a deflection of the centrifugal weight (12) at a corresponding rotational speed of the shaft (2) leads to an adjustment of the inlet cam (4) in relation to the outlet cam, characterized in that a freewheel (5), the blocking direction of which is adjustable as a function of the centrifugal force, is inserted between the inlet cam (4) and the shaft (2).
  2. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that two contradirectional freewheels (5) are inserted between the inlet cam (4) and the shaft (2).
  3. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the freewheel (5) comprises two looped springs (6) arranged on both sides of the inlet cam (4) and/or completely or partially looping around the shaft (2).
  4. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two centrifugal weights (12) are arranged pivotably on the shaft (2) on both sides of the inlet cam (4).
  5. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the centrifugal weights (12) surround the shaft (2) at least partially or completely.
  6. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the connection between the looped springs (6) and the inlet cam (4) is ensured by the engagement of ends of the looped spring (6) which are designed as spring legs (7) into a groove (8) extending parallel to the axis of rotation (3) of the shaft (2).
  7. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the spring legs (7) are inserted, free of play, into the groove (8).
  8. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each of the looped springs (6) is fixedly connected to a dedicated centrifugal weight (12).
  9. Cam adjustment mechanism (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the individual elements are so arranged with respect to one another and are such that a first looped spring (6), in the initial state, has such a small first diameter that it is connected frictionally and in a clamping manner to the shaft (2) and, in the state actuated by a centrifugal force, is activated by the centrifugal weight and has a second diameter larger than the first diameter, such that frictional connection no longer prevails between the first looped spring (6) and the shaft (2), and/or the individual elements are so arranged with respect to one another and are such that a second looped spring (6), in the initial state, is connected frictionally and in a prestressed and clamping manner to the shaft (2) and, actuated by a centrifugal force, has a smaller diameter than in the initial state.
  10. Single-cylinder internal combustion engine having an individual overhead camshaft for a motor cycle with a cam adjustment mechanism according to one of Claims 1 to 9.
EP20110190463 2011-02-03 2011-11-24 Cam shaft or cam adjustment mechanism with looped springs Not-in-force EP2484874B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110003558 DE102011003558A1 (en) 2011-02-03 2011-02-03 Camshaft or cam adjustment mechanism with wrap springs

Publications (3)

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EP2484874A2 EP2484874A2 (en) 2012-08-08
EP2484874A3 EP2484874A3 (en) 2013-01-23
EP2484874B1 true EP2484874B1 (en) 2013-10-16

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ID=45063014

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DE (1) DE102011003558A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016205785A1 (en) 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Phaser

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3933923A1 (en) * 1989-09-29 1991-04-11 Ingelheim Peter Graf Von Variable timing IC engine valve gear - uses spring and balance mechanism actuated by centrifugal force
JPH09324614A (en) 1996-06-04 1997-12-16 Tochigi Fuji Ind Co Ltd Rotational phase generator
JP2007146740A (en) * 2005-11-28 2007-06-14 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Variable valve gear, and engine device and vehicle provided with same
JP4948831B2 (en) 2005-12-13 2012-06-06 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 Variable valve operating apparatus and engine system and vehicle including the same
DE102008020909B4 (en) * 2008-04-17 2014-10-09 Weber Technology Ag Decompression device for an internal combustion engine
US8016684B2 (en) * 2008-07-29 2011-09-13 Honda Motor Company, Ltd. Centrifugal advance mechanism
IT1391573B1 (en) * 2008-09-09 2012-01-11 Piaggio & C Spa MECHANICAL DEVICE FOR THE VARIATION OF THE PHASE AND THE LIFT OF THE VALVES IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016205785A1 (en) 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Phaser

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Publication number Publication date
DE102011003558A1 (en) 2012-08-09
EP2484874A2 (en) 2012-08-08
EP2484874A3 (en) 2013-01-23

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