EP2483965B1 - Selectivity enhancement for a dual-band coupler - Google Patents

Selectivity enhancement for a dual-band coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2483965B1
EP2483965B1 EP10769032.3A EP10769032A EP2483965B1 EP 2483965 B1 EP2483965 B1 EP 2483965B1 EP 10769032 A EP10769032 A EP 10769032A EP 2483965 B1 EP2483965 B1 EP 2483965B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupler
port
band
ports
line
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Not-in-force
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EP10769032.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2483965A1 (en
Inventor
François DUPONT
Benoît Bonnet
Sylvain Charley
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STMicroelectronics Tours SAS
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STMicroelectronics Tours SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to electronic circuits and, more particularly, radiofrequency couplers.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a dual-band coupler (Dual Coupler).
  • a coupler is generally used to take a portion of the power present on a transmission line, called primary or primary, to another line, called coupled or secondary, located nearby.
  • the couplers are divided into two categories depending on whether they consist of discrete passive components (this is called a localized element coupler) or conductive lines close to each other to be coupled (this is called a line coupler). distributed).
  • the invention relates to the second category of couplers.
  • a dual-band coupler shares measurement ports between two transmission lines for carrying signals in two different frequency bands. Such sharing is possible in any dual-band system where the frequency bands are not used simultaneously. This is generally the case for radiofrequency applications (for example, mobile telephony for a bi, tri or quad-band telephone, WiFi, etc.).
  • a dual-band coupler makes it possible, for example, to share the same control or amplification circuit for two transmission channels.
  • the antennas connected at the output of the two main lines introduce additional coupling.
  • the greater this coupling the less good the isolation between the two antennas, the more the results of the measurement are distorted.
  • the coupler is not sufficiently selective in frequency of one channel with respect to the other.
  • the document US-2005/0239421 discloses a directional dual band coupler with capacitive compensation.
  • the signal of the secondary lines is taken via a duplexer.
  • the other ends of the secondary lines are connected to the ground by resistors.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of conventional dual-band couplers.
  • An object of another embodiment of the present invention is more particularly to preserve the directivity of the coupler.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a compact solution.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a symmetrical structure.
  • the second and fourth lines are interrupted approximately in their middle, the two intermediate ends being connected to attenuators.
  • the first diplexer is sized to filter the frequencies of the first band between the fourth line and the fifth port and to filter the frequencies of the second band between the second line and the fifth port.
  • the respective ends of the second and fourth lines are connected to the sixth port by the second diplexer, sized to filter the frequencies of the first band between the fourth line and the sixth port and to filter the frequencies of the second band between the second line and the sixth port.
  • an attenuator connects, on the first and third ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a sixth port.
  • a second diplexer connects, on the first and third ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a sixth port.
  • the diplexer or diplexers are formed of low-pass and high-pass filters of at least order 2 and preferably of order 3.
  • the figure 1 is a block diagram of a radiofrequency transmission line using a dual-band coupler of the type to which the present invention applies by way of example.
  • An emission circuit 11 sends a radio frequency signal to be transmitted.
  • a 12L or 12H (PA) amplifier is selected according to the frequency band used.
  • TxL signal relatively low frequency band
  • PA 12L amplifier
  • signal TxH relatively high (higher than the frequencies of the other band) operating a 12H amplifier.
  • the respective outputs of the amplifiers 12L and 12H are intended to be connected to antennas 13L and 13H.
  • a coupler 1 is interposed between the respective outputs of the amplifiers 12L and 12H and the antennas 13L and 13H, where appropriate with the interposition of a channel splitter 14 (SPLIT) for distinguishing the reception and reception stream transmissions RxL.
  • SPLIT channel splitter 14
  • a first main line of the coupler 1 is interposed between the output of the amplifier 12L and the antenna 13L.
  • An access port IN L said of low frequency input, is on the amplifier side 12L while an access port OUT L (sometimes also designated DIR), said of low frequency output, is side antenna 13L.
  • a second main line of the coupler 1 is interposed between the output of the amplifier 12H and the antenna 13H.
  • An access port IN H called high frequency input, is on the amplifier side 12H while an access port OUT H (or DIR H ), said high frequency output, is antenna side 13H.
  • One or more coupled or secondary lines of the coupler take some of the power of the main lines.
  • CPLD and ISO measurement ports respectively connected on either side of the secondary line (s) (CPLD port on the IN ports and ISO port on the OUT ports) provide information on, for example, the signal strength. transmitted, losses due to antenna mismatch, etc.
  • the measurements are supplied to a circuit (CTRL) to control the gain of the 12L or 12H amplifier used.
  • CTRL circuit
  • a coupler is defined, among other things, by its directivity which represents the difference in power (expressed in dB) between the two ports of its coupled or secondary line, all the other ports being loaded by an impedance of 50 ohms.
  • An ideal coupler has an infinite directivity, that is to say that no power is present on the ISO port of its line secondary signal next to the OUT port of its main line when a signal is traveling on that main line from the input port to that output port.
  • a coupler is said directive when its directivity is sufficient for the powers recovered on the ports of its secondary line to distinguish the direction of flow of power in the main line.
  • the embodiments that will be described relate to the directional couplers in which the signals present on the CPLD and ISO terminals do not have the same levels. If these couplers are symmetrical, then they are bidirectional, that is, in the same way that a signal applied to the IN terminal is coupled to the CPLD terminal, a signal applied to the OUT terminal is coupled to the level of the ISO terminal.
  • the figure 2 is a schematic view of a dual-band coupler in distributed lines.
  • a secondary line 3, for example interposed between the two main lines, comprises two ports or terminals respectively CPLD and ISO, and is intended to convey information proportional to the power transmitted in the main line used.
  • the lines 2L, 2H and 3 are, in practice, formed of conductive tracks carried by an insulating substrate. The lengths of the lines depend on the desired operating frequency. To simplify the representation of the figures, lines 2L and 2H have been represented with the same length but are in practice of different length. The width of the lines depends on the directivity and the characteristic impedance sought.
  • the coupler of the figure 2 is directive, the signals on the CPLD and ISO ports do not have the same levels. Such a coupler is however symmetrical, which makes it bidirectional. In a directional and symmetrical coupler as illustrated by the figure 2 , the roles of the terminals are defined by the connections of the coupler to the other elements.
  • the coupler Assuming that the coupler is driven by a low frequency signal on the IN LB terminal, the majority of this signal (arrow 21) is transmitted to the antenna 13L. A small part of the signal (whose power depends on the coupling) is found on the CPLD terminal. A coupler is considered to have a good directivity if it is at least 20 dB. With a coupling of about -30 dB (which corresponds to taking 1/1000 of the transmitted power), the insulation is then of the order of -50 dB, which is acceptable and a small part of the signal is found on the ISO terminal. Ideally, the 13L antenna absorbs the entire signal without producing reflection. This corresponds to the operation of a simple coupler.
  • the isolation between the antennas 13L and 13H is not perfect and a coupling (arrow 24) appears between the two antennas.
  • a spurious signal is therefore sent by the antenna 13H for high frequencies (arrow 25) to the terminal OUT HB of the coupler.
  • Part of this reflected signal is coupled to the ISO terminal (arrow 26).
  • This parasitic coupling degrades the performance of the coupler and especially distorts the measurement on the ISO terminal, thus the measurement of the losses in reflection (difference between the powers present on the terminals CPLD and ISO).
  • the figure 3 represents another embodiment of a dual-band coupler, equipped with attenuators.
  • conductive tracks 3L and 3H participate in the production of secondary lines respectively dedicated to the main lines 2L and 2H.
  • the respective ends of the branch lines 3L and 3H are CPLD terminal side, connected by a resistive divider 4 I. These lines are connected, on the ISO terminal side, by a resistive separator 4 O.
  • Each separator is formed of three resistors R1, R2 and R3. Two resistors R1 and R2, generally of the same value, are in series between the respective ends of the lines 3L and 3H (IN LB and IN HB for the separator 4 I and OUT LB and OUT HB for the separator 4 O ) and a third resistor R3 links the midpoint of this serial association to the CPLD or ISO terminal.
  • the figure 4 represents an embodiment of a dual-band coupler 1 preserving the directivity of the coupler.
  • the separator 4 O on the ISO terminal side is replaced by a 5 O diplexer, that is to say a line-side low-pass filter 3L associated with a high-pass filter on the line side 3H.
  • the objective is to filter the signals received by the unused antenna in the transmission.
  • circuit 5 O is a diplexer whose role is to separate two frequency bands distant from each other and not a duplexer whose role is to separate the transmission channels of the reception channels.
  • the figure 5 illustrates an example of the response curve of the diplexer 5 O of the figure 4 . It is arbitrarily assumed a diplexer introducing 8 dB of insertion losses (to balance with the separator 4 I terminal side CPLD which also introduces an attenuation of 8 dB).
  • the figure 5 illustrates an example of application to mobile telephony in which the low frequency band LF is around 800 MHz and the high frequency band HF is around 2.2 GHz.
  • the LP channel of the diplexer passes between the end of the line 3L and the ISO terminal, the low frequencies and cuts the high frequencies while the HP channel, between the end of the line 3H and the ISO terminal, cuts the low frequencies to pass frequencies in the 2.2 GHz band.
  • the numerical example of the figure 5 is arbitrary and the skilled person can adapt the diplexer 5 according to the frequency bands to be processed by the coupler.
  • a similar operation occurs by driving the coupler through the line 2H with a signal in the high frequency band, the insulation fault between the two antennas being filtered by the diplexer 5.
  • the diplexer is preferably sized to have attenuation corresponding to that of the attenuator 4 I terminal side CPLD.
  • the figure 6 represents another embodiment in which a second diplexer 5 I is provided on the CPLD terminal side instead of the attenuator 4 I.
  • a second diplexer 5 I is provided on the CPLD terminal side instead of the attenuator 4 I.
  • Such an embodiment makes the symmetrical coupler, so bidirectional, unlike the mounting of the figure 4 which is not symmetrical.
  • the figure 7 represents a first embodiment of a diplexer that can be used in the coupler of Figures 4 and 6 .
  • a first branch between the ISO terminal and the end of line 3L forms a low-pass filter of order 3.
  • Three inductors L11, L12 and L13 are in series and the middle points of this series association are directly connected to the mass by capacitors, respectively C11 and C12.
  • a second branch between the ISO terminal and the end of the line 3H forms a high-pass filter of order 3.
  • Three capacitors C21, C22 and C23 are in series and the middle points of this series association are directly connected to the mass by inductances, respectively L21 and L22.
  • the figure 8 represents another embodiment of a diplexer that can be used in the embodiments of Figures 4 and 6 .
  • the inductances L11, L12, L13, L21 and L22 are replaced by resistors R11, R12, R13, R21 and R22, respectively.
  • inductive or resistive elements depends, for example, on the available technology and, in particular, the possibility of easily integrating inductive elements into this technology.
  • the low-pass and high-pass filters forming the diplexers are at least 2-order and preferably 3-order.
  • the figure 9 represents a coupler according to yet another embodiment.
  • each secondary line 3L, 3H is interrupted approximately in the middle to form two sections.
  • the ends of the sections that face each other are each connected to the ground by an attenuator.
  • each secondary line comprises two sections 31 L , 32 L and 31 H , 32 H parallel to the lines 2 L and 2 H.
  • the sections 31 and 32 are preferably symmetrical, that is to say of the same length. Their respective outer ends are connected to the filters 5. Their respective internal ends are respectively connected to attenuators 32 L , 34 L and 33 H , 34 H.
  • This coupler structure makes it possible to overcome the influence of the loads present on the CPLD and ISO i ports.
  • One advantage is that it facilitates impedance matching and improves directivity.
  • Attenuators 33 and 34 are preferably chosen to provide attenuation at least equal to half of the directivity of the coupler.
  • the figure 10 is an example of attenuator 33 or 34.
  • This attenuator is formed of a resistor in parallel with a capacitor C between the inner end of the section concerned and the mass.
  • the resistance is 50 ohms and the capacity of the picofarad order.
  • the figure 11 is another example of attenuator 33 or 34.
  • This attenuator is formed of three resistors R arranged in pi between the inner end of the section concerned and the mass. With such attenuators, each half-coupler corresponds to the coupler described in the patent application. FR No. 2,923,950 (B8533 - 07-TO-295-296) or the patent application US 2009/0128255 .
  • T-attenuators or other forms of attenuators may also be provided.
  • Attenuators 33 and 34 are preferably chosen to provide attenuation at least equal to half of the directivity of the coupler.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

La présente invention concerne de façon générale les circuits électroniques et, plus particulièrement, les coupleurs radiofréquence. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un coupleur bi-bande (Dual Coupler).The present invention generally relates to electronic circuits and, more particularly, radiofrequency couplers. The invention more particularly relates to a dual-band coupler (Dual Coupler).

Exposé de l'art antérieurPresentation of the prior art

Un coupleur est généralement utilisé pour prélever une partie de la puissance présente sur une ligne de transmission, dite principale ou primaire, vers une autre ligne, dite couplée ou secondaire, située à proximité.A coupler is generally used to take a portion of the power present on a transmission line, called primary or primary, to another line, called coupled or secondary, located nearby.

Les coupleurs se répartissent en deux catégories selon qu'ils sont constitués de composants passifs discrets (on parle alors de coupleur à éléments localisés) ou de lignes conductrices proches l'une de l'autre pour être couplées (on parle alors de coupleur à lignes distribuées). L'invention concerne la deuxième catégorie de coupleurs.The couplers are divided into two categories depending on whether they consist of discrete passive components (this is called a localized element coupler) or conductive lines close to each other to be coupled (this is called a line coupler). distributed). The invention relates to the second category of couplers.

Dans de nombreuses applications, on a besoin de prélever une partie de la puissance transmise sur une ligne, par exemple, pour contrôler la puissance d'un amplificateur dans un circuit d'émission, pour contrôler la linéarité d'un amplificateur d'émission en fonction des pertes liées à la réflexion d'une antenne, pour adapter dynamiquement une antenne, etc. Un coupleur sert à prélever cette information.In many applications, it is necessary to take a portion of the power transmitted on a line, for example, to control the power of an amplifier in a transmitting circuit, to control the linearity of a transmitting amplifier. function of losses related to the reflection of an antenna, to dynamically adapt an antenna, etc. A coupler is used to collect this information.

Un coupleur bi-bande partage des ports de mesure entre deux lignes de transmission destinées à véhiculer des signaux dans deux bandes de fréquences différentes. Un tel partage est possible dans tout système bi-bande où les bandes de fréquences ne sont pas utilisées simultanément. C'est généralement le cas des applications radiofréquence (par exemple, la téléphonie mobile pour un téléphone bi, tri ou quadri-bande, le Wifi, etc.). Un coupleur bi-bande permet, par exemple, de partager un même circuit de commande ou d'amplification pour deux voies de transmission.A dual-band coupler shares measurement ports between two transmission lines for carrying signals in two different frequency bands. Such sharing is possible in any dual-band system where the frequency bands are not used simultaneously. This is generally the case for radiofrequency applications (for example, mobile telephony for a bi, tri or quad-band telephone, WiFi, etc.). A dual-band coupler makes it possible, for example, to share the same control or amplification circuit for two transmission channels.

Toutefois, dans un coupleur bi-bande, les antennes connectées en sortie des deux lignes principales introduisent un couplage additionnel. Plus ce couplage est important (moins l'isolation entre les deux antennes est bonne), plus les résultats de la mesure sont faussés. Le coupleur n'est alors pas suffisamment sélectif en fréquence d'une voie par rapport à l'autre.However, in a dual-band coupler, the antennas connected at the output of the two main lines introduce additional coupling. The greater this coupling (the less good the isolation between the two antennas), the more the results of the measurement are distorted. The coupler is not sufficiently selective in frequency of one channel with respect to the other.

Le document US-A-2005/0239421 décrit un coupleur bi-bande directionnel à compensation capacitive. Le signal des lignes secondaires est prélevé par l'intermédiaire d'un duplexeur. Les autres extrémités des lignes secondaires sont connectées à la masse par des résistances.The document US-2005/0239421 discloses a directional dual band coupler with capacitive compensation. The signal of the secondary lines is taken via a duplexer. The other ends of the secondary lines are connected to the ground by resistors.

Il serait souhaitable d'améliorer la sélectivité d'un coupleur bi-bande.It would be desirable to improve the selectivity of a dual-band coupler.

Il serait également souhaitable de disposer d'une structure symétrique.It would also be desirable to have a symmetrical structure.

Résumésummary

Un objet d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie des inconvénients des coupleurs bi-bande usuels.An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages of conventional dual-band couplers.

Un objet d'un autre mode de réalisation de la présente invention vise plus particulièrement à préserver la directivité du coupleur.An object of another embodiment of the present invention is more particularly to preserve the directivity of the coupler.

Un autre objet d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention est de proposer une solution de faible encombrement.Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a compact solution.

Un autre objet d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention est de proposer une structure symétrique.Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a symmetrical structure.

Pour atteindre tout ou partie de ces objets ainsi que d'autres, il est prévu un coupleur bi-bande directif en lignes distribuées comportant :

  • une première ligne conductrice entre des premier et deuxième ports, destinée à véhiculer un signal à transmettre dans une première bande de fréquences ;
  • une deuxième ligne conductrice couplée à la première ;
  • une troisième ligne conductrice entre des troisième et quatrième ports, destinée à véhiculer un signal à transmettre dans une bande de fréquences supérieure à la première ;
  • une quatrième ligne conductrice couplée à la troisième ;
  • un premier diplexeur reliant, côté deuxième et quatrième ports, les extrémités respectives des deuxième et quatrième lignes à un cinquième port ;
  • un diviseur résistif ou un second diplexeur reliant, côté premier et troisième ports, les extrémités respectives des deuxième et quatrième lignes à un sixième port.
To achieve all or part of these objects as well as others, there is provided a dual-band directive directive in distributed lines comprising:
  • a first conductive line between first and second ports, for conveying a signal to be transmitted in a first frequency band;
  • a second conductive line coupled to the first;
  • a third conductive line between third and fourth ports, for conveying a signal to be transmitted in a frequency band greater than the first;
  • a fourth conductive line coupled to the third;
  • a first diplexer connecting the second and fourth ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a fifth port;
  • a resistive divider or a second diplexer connecting the first and third ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a sixth port.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, les deuxième et quatrième lignes sont interrompues approximativement en leur milieu, les deux extrémités intermédiaires étant connectées à des atténuateurs.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second and fourth lines are interrupted approximately in their middle, the two intermediate ends being connected to attenuators.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le premier diplexeur est dimensionné pour filtrer les fréquences de la première bande entre la quatrième ligne et le cinquième port et pour filtrer les fréquences de la deuxième bande entre la deuxième ligne et le cinquième port.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first diplexer is sized to filter the frequencies of the first band between the fourth line and the fifth port and to filter the frequencies of the second band between the second line and the fifth port.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, les extrémités respectives des deuxième et quatrième lignes sont reliées au sixième port par le second diplexeur, dimensionné pour filtrer les fréquences de la première bande entre la quatrième ligne et le sixième port et pour filtrer les fréquences de la deuxième bande entre la deuxième ligne et le sixième port.According to an embodiment of the present invention, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines are connected to the sixth port by the second diplexer, sized to filter the frequencies of the first band between the fourth line and the sixth port and to filter the frequencies of the second band between the second line and the sixth port.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, un atténuateur relie, côté premier et troisième ports, les extrémités respectives des deuxième et quatrième lignes à un sixième port.According to one embodiment of the present invention, an attenuator connects, on the first and third ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a sixth port.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, un deuxième diplexeur relie, côté premier et troisième ports, les extrémités respectives des deuxième et quatrième lignes à un sixième port.According to one embodiment of the present invention, a second diplexer connects, on the first and third ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a sixth port.

Selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, le ou les diplexeurs sont formés de filtres passe-bas et passe-haut au moins d'ordre 2 et, de préférence, d'ordre 3.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the diplexer or diplexers are formed of low-pass and high-pass filters of at least order 2 and preferably of order 3.

Il est également prévu un circuit d'émission ou de réception de signaux radiofréquence, comportant :

  • au moins un amplificateur ;
  • au moins un coupleur ; et
  • au moins un circuit de mesure d'une information prélevée sur le cinquième ou sixième port.
There is also provided a circuit for transmitting or receiving radiofrequency signals, comprising:
  • at least one amplifier;
  • at least one coupler; and
  • at least one measuring circuit of information taken from the fifth or sixth port.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Ces objets, caractéristiques et avantages, ainsi que d'autres seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers faite à titre non-limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est un exemple d'architecture d'une chaîne d'émission radiofréquence double voie du type à laquelle s'applique à titre d'exemple la présente invention ;
  • la figure 2 représente un exemple de coupleur bi-bande en lignes distribuées ;
  • la figure 3 représente un autre exemple de coupleur bi-bande en lignes distribuées ;
  • la figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation d'un coupleur bi-bande en lignes distribuées ;
  • la figure 5 illustre les caractéristiques d'un diplexeur du coupleur de la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 6 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un coupleur bi-bande en lignes distribuées ;
  • la figure 7 représente un mode de réalisation d'un diplexeur du coupleur des figures 4 et 6 ;
  • la figure 8 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un diplexeur du coupleur des figures 4 et 6 ;
  • la figure 9 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un coupleur bi-bande en lignes distribuées ;
  • la figure 10 représente un exemple d'atténuateur du coupleur de la figure 9 ; et
  • la figure 11 représente un autre exemple d'atténuateur du coupleur de la figure 9.
These and other objects, features, and advantages will be set forth in detail in the following description of particular embodiments in a non-limitative manner with reference to the accompanying figures in which:
  • the figure 1 is an example of architecture of a dual-channel radiofrequency transmission chain of the type to which the present invention applies by way of example;
  • the figure 2 represents an example of a dual-band coupler in distributed lines;
  • the figure 3 represents another example of a dual-band coupler in distributed lines;
  • the figure 4 represents an embodiment of a dual-band coupler in distributed lines;
  • the figure 5 illustrates the characteristics of a coupler diplexer of the figure 4 ;
  • the figure 6 represents another embodiment of a dual-band coupler in distributed lines;
  • the figure 7 represents an embodiment of a diplexer of the coupler of Figures 4 and 6 ;
  • the figure 8 represents another embodiment of a diplexer of the coupler of Figures 4 and 6 ;
  • the figure 9 represents another embodiment of a dual-band coupler in distributed lines;
  • the figure 10 represents an example of the coupler attenuator of the figure 9 ; and
  • the figure 11 is another example of the coupler attenuator of the figure 9 .

Description détailléedetailed description

De mêmes éléments ont été désignés par de mêmes références aux différentes figures. Pour des raisons de clarté, seuls les éléments utiles à la compréhension de l'invention ont été représentés et seront décrits. En particulier, les différentes exploitations possibles du signal prélevé sur la ligne secondaire du coupleur n'ont pas été détaillées, l'invention étant compatible avec toute utilisation usuelle.The same elements have been designated with the same references in the various figures. For the sake of clarity, only the elements useful for understanding the invention have been shown and will be described. In particular, the different possible uses of the signal taken from the secondary line of the coupler have not been detailed, the invention being compatible with any usual use.

La figure 1 est un schéma bloc d'une ligne d'émission radiofréquence utilisant un coupleur bi-bande du type à laquelle s'applique à titre d'exemple la présente invention.The figure 1 is a block diagram of a radiofrequency transmission line using a dual-band coupler of the type to which the present invention applies by way of example.

Un circuit 11 (SEND) d'émission envoie un signal radiofréquence à émettre. Dans un système bi ou multi-bande, un amplificateur 12L ou 12H (PA) est sélectionné selon la bande de fréquences utilisée. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, on suppose une première voie destinée à une bande de fréquences (signal TxL) relativement basse (par rapport à l'autre bande du système) et exploitant un amplificateur 12L (PA), et une deuxième voie destinée à une bande de fréquences (signal TxH) relativement élevée (supérieures aux fréquences de l'autre bande) exploitant un amplificateur 12H. Les sorties respectives des amplificateurs 12L et 12H sont destinées à être reliées à des antennes 13L et 13H. Un coupleur 1 est intercalé entre les sorties respectives des amplificateurs 12L et 12H et les antennes 13L et 13H, le cas échéant avec interposition d'un séparateur de voies 14 (SPLIT) destiné à distinguer les flux d'émission de flux de réception RxL et RxH destinés à des circuits de réception (non représentés).An emission circuit 11 (SEND) sends a radio frequency signal to be transmitted. In a dual or multi-band system, a 12L or 12H (PA) amplifier is selected according to the frequency band used. In the example of the figure 1 assume a first channel for a relatively low frequency band (TxL signal) (compared to the other band of the system) and using a 12L amplifier (PA), and a second channel for a frequency band (signal TxH) relatively high (higher than the frequencies of the other band) operating a 12H amplifier. The respective outputs of the amplifiers 12L and 12H are intended to be connected to antennas 13L and 13H. A coupler 1 is interposed between the respective outputs of the amplifiers 12L and 12H and the antennas 13L and 13H, where appropriate with the interposition of a channel splitter 14 (SPLIT) for distinguishing the reception and reception stream transmissions RxL. RxH for receiving circuits (not shown).

Une première ligne principale du coupleur 1 est intercalée entre la sortie de l'amplificateur 12L et l'antenne 13L. Un port d'accès INL, dit d'entrée basse fréquence, est côté amplificateur 12L tandis qu'un port d'accès OUTL (parfois également désigné DIR), dit de sortie basse fréquence, est côté antenne 13L. Une deuxième ligne principale du coupleur 1 est intercalée entre la sortie de l'amplificateur 12H et l'antenne 13H. Un port d'accès INH, dit d'entrée haute fréquence, est côté amplificateur 12H tandis qu'un port d'accès OUTH (ou DIRH), dit de sortie haute fréquence, est côté antenne 13H. Une ou plusieurs lignes couplées ou secondaires du coupleur prélèvent une partie de la puissance des lignes principales. Des ports de mesure CPLD et ISO, respectivement reliés d'un côté et de l'autre de la ou des lignes secondaires (port CPLD côté ports IN et port ISO côté ports OUT) fournissent des informations sur, par exemple, la puissance du signal transmis, les pertes dues à la désadaptation de l'antenne, etc. Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, les mesures sont fournies à un circuit 15 (CTRL)) pour commander le gain de l'amplificateur 12L ou 12H utilisé. Le fait d'utiliser un coupleur bi-bande permet de partager un même circuit de commande (voire les mêmes amplificateurs) pour plusieurs voies différentes.A first main line of the coupler 1 is interposed between the output of the amplifier 12L and the antenna 13L. An access port IN L , said of low frequency input, is on the amplifier side 12L while an access port OUT L (sometimes also designated DIR), said of low frequency output, is side antenna 13L. A second main line of the coupler 1 is interposed between the output of the amplifier 12H and the antenna 13H. An access port IN H , called high frequency input, is on the amplifier side 12H while an access port OUT H (or DIR H ), said high frequency output, is antenna side 13H. One or more coupled or secondary lines of the coupler take some of the power of the main lines. CPLD and ISO measurement ports, respectively connected on either side of the secondary line (s) (CPLD port on the IN ports and ISO port on the OUT ports) provide information on, for example, the signal strength. transmitted, losses due to antenna mismatch, etc. In the example of the figure 1 the measurements are supplied to a circuit (CTRL) to control the gain of the 12L or 12H amplifier used. The fact of using a dual-band coupler makes it possible to share the same control circuit (or even the same amplifiers) for several different channels.

Un coupleur se définit, entre autres, par sa directivité qui représente la différence en puissance (exprimée en dB) entre les deux accès de sa ligne couplée ou secondaire, tous les autres ports étant chargés par une impédance de 50 ohms. Un coupleur idéal présente une directivité infinie, c'est-à-dire qu'aucune puissance n'est présente sur le port ISO de sa ligne secondaire située en regard du port de sortie OUT de sa ligne principale quand un signal circule sur cette ligne principale du port d'entrée vers ce port de sortie. En pratique, un coupleur est dit directif quand sa directivité est suffisante pour que les puissances récupérées sur les ports de sa ligne secondaire permettent de distinguer le sens de circulation de la puissance dans la ligne principale.A coupler is defined, among other things, by its directivity which represents the difference in power (expressed in dB) between the two ports of its coupled or secondary line, all the other ports being loaded by an impedance of 50 ohms. An ideal coupler has an infinite directivity, that is to say that no power is present on the ISO port of its line secondary signal next to the OUT port of its main line when a signal is traveling on that main line from the input port to that output port. In practice, a coupler is said directive when its directivity is sufficient for the powers recovered on the ports of its secondary line to distinguish the direction of flow of power in the main line.

Les modes de réalisation qui vont être décrits concernent les coupleurs directifs dans lesquels les signaux présents sur les bornes CPLD et ISO ne présentent pas les mêmes niveaux. Si ces coupleurs sont symétriques, ils sont alors bidirectionnels, c'est-à-dire que, de la même manière qu'un signal appliqué sur la borne IN est couplé sur la borne CPLD, un signal appliqué sur la borne OUT est couplé au niveau de la borne ISO.The embodiments that will be described relate to the directional couplers in which the signals present on the CPLD and ISO terminals do not have the same levels. If these couplers are symmetrical, then they are bidirectional, that is, in the same way that a signal applied to the IN terminal is coupled to the CPLD terminal, a signal applied to the OUT terminal is coupled to the level of the ISO terminal.

La figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un coupleur bi-bande en lignes distribuées. Une première ligne principale 2L du coupleur 1, destinée à être intercalée sur une ligne de transmission radiofréquence (bande basses fréquences), est directement reliée à deux ports ou bornes INLB et OUTLB respectivement d'entrée et de sortie. Une deuxième ligne principale 2H, destinée à être intercalée sur une autre ligne de transmission radiofréquence (bande hautes fréquences), est directement reliée à deux ports ou bornes INHB et OUTHB respectivement d'entrée et de sortie. Une ligne secondaire 3, par exemple intercalée entre les deux lignes principales, comporte deux ports ou bornes respectivement CPLD et ISO, et est destinée à véhiculer une information proportionnelle à la puissance transmise dans la ligne principale utilisée. Les lignes 2L, 2H et 3 sont, en pratique, formées de pistes conductrices portées par un substrat isolant. Les longueurs des lignes dépendent de la fréquence de fonctionnement souhaitée. Pour simplifier la représentation des figures, les lignes 2L et 2H ont été représentées de même longueur mais sont en pratique de longueur différente. La largeur des lignes dépend de la directivité et de l'impédance caractéristique recherchée.The figure 2 is a schematic view of a dual-band coupler in distributed lines. A first main line 2L of the coupler 1, intended to be interposed on a radio frequency transmission line (low frequency band), is directly connected to two ports or terminals IN LB and OUT LB respectively input and output. A second main line 2H, intended to be interposed on another radio frequency transmission line (high frequency band), is directly connected to two ports or terminals IN HB and OUT HB respectively input and output. A secondary line 3, for example interposed between the two main lines, comprises two ports or terminals respectively CPLD and ISO, and is intended to convey information proportional to the power transmitted in the main line used. The lines 2L, 2H and 3 are, in practice, formed of conductive tracks carried by an insulating substrate. The lengths of the lines depend on the desired operating frequency. To simplify the representation of the figures, lines 2L and 2H have been represented with the same length but are in practice of different length. The width of the lines depends on the directivity and the characteristic impedance sought.

Le coupleur de la figure 2 est directif, les signaux présents sur les ports CPLD et ISO ne présentant pas les mêmes niveaux. Un tel coupleur est toutefois symétrique, ce qui le rend bidirectionnel. Dans un coupleur directif et symétrique tel qu'illustré par la figure 2, les rôles des bornes sont définis par les connexions du coupleur aux autres éléments.The coupler of the figure 2 is directive, the signals on the CPLD and ISO ports do not have the same levels. Such a coupler is however symmetrical, which makes it bidirectional. In a directional and symmetrical coupler as illustrated by the figure 2 , the roles of the terminals are defined by the connections of the coupler to the other elements.

Les principaux paramètres d'un coupleur sont :

  • les pertes d'insertion qui représentent la perte de transmission entre les deux accès d'une ligne principale (les pertes d'insertion se définissent alors que les deux autres ports du coupleur sont chargés par une impédance de 50 ohms) ;
  • le couplage qui représente la perte de transmission entre les ports IN et CPLD (le couplage se définit alors que les deux autres ports OUT et ISO sont chargés par une impédance de 50 ohms) ;
  • l'isolation qui représente la perte de transmission entre les ports IN et ISO (l'isolation se définit alors que les deux autres ports OUT et CPLD sont chargés par une impédance de 50 ohms) ; et
  • la directivité qui représente la différence de pertes en transmission entre les ports ISO et CPLD, depuis le port IN.
The main parameters of a coupler are:
  • insertion losses which represent the transmission loss between the two accesses of a main line (the insertion losses are defined while the other two ports of the coupler are loaded by a 50 ohms impedance);
  • the coupling which represents the transmission loss between the IN and CPLD ports (the coupling is defined while the other two ports OUT and ISO are loaded by a 50 ohms impedance);
  • the isolation which represents the transmission loss between the IN and ISO ports (the isolation is defined while the other two ports OUT and CPLD are loaded by a impedance of 50 ohms); and
  • the directivity which represents the difference in transmission losses between the ISO and CPLD ports, from the IN port.

En supposant que le coupleur est attaqué par un signal basse fréquence sur la borne INLB, la majeure partie de ce signal (flèche 21) est transmise vers l'antenne 13L. Une faible partie du signal (dont la puissance dépend du couplage) se retrouve sur la borne CPLD. On considère qu'un coupleur présente une bonne directivité si elle est d'au moins 20 dB. Avec un couplage d'environ -30 dB (ce qui correspond à prélever 1/1000 de la puissance transmise), l'isolation est alors de l'ordre de -50 dB, ce qui est acceptable et une faible partie du signal se retrouve sur la borne ISO. Idéalement, l'antenne 13L absorbe tout le signal sans produire de réflexion. Ceci correspond au fonctionnement d'un coupleur simple. Dans un coupleur bi-bande, l'isolation entre les antennes 13L et 13H n'est pas parfaite et un couplage (flèche 24) apparaît entre les deux antennes. Un signal parasite est donc renvoyé par l'antenne 13H destinée aux hautes fréquences (flèche 25) vers la borne OUTHB du coupleur. Une partie de ce signal réfléchi est couplé sur la borne ISO (flèche 26). Ce couplage parasite dégrade les performances du coupleur et surtout fausse la mesure sur la borne ISO, donc la mesure des pertes en réflexion (différence entre les puissances présentes sur les bornes CPLD et ISO).Assuming that the coupler is driven by a low frequency signal on the IN LB terminal, the majority of this signal (arrow 21) is transmitted to the antenna 13L. A small part of the signal (whose power depends on the coupling) is found on the CPLD terminal. A coupler is considered to have a good directivity if it is at least 20 dB. With a coupling of about -30 dB (which corresponds to taking 1/1000 of the transmitted power), the insulation is then of the order of -50 dB, which is acceptable and a small part of the signal is found on the ISO terminal. Ideally, the 13L antenna absorbs the entire signal without producing reflection. This corresponds to the operation of a simple coupler. In a dual-band coupler, the isolation between the antennas 13L and 13H is not perfect and a coupling (arrow 24) appears between the two antennas. A spurious signal is therefore sent by the antenna 13H for high frequencies (arrow 25) to the terminal OUT HB of the coupler. Part of this reflected signal is coupled to the ISO terminal (arrow 26). This parasitic coupling degrades the performance of the coupler and especially distorts the measurement on the ISO terminal, thus the measurement of the losses in reflection (difference between the powers present on the terminals CPLD and ISO).

La figure 3 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un coupleur bi-bande, équipé d'atténuateurs.The figure 3 represents another embodiment of a dual-band coupler, equipped with attenuators.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, des pistes conductrices 3L et 3H participent à la réalisation de lignes secondaires respectivement dédiées aux lignes principales 2L et 2H. Les extrémités respectives des lignes secondaires 3L et 3H sont, côté borne CPLD, reliées par un séparateur résistif 4I. Ces lignes sont reliées, côté borne ISO, par un séparateur résistif 4O. Chaque séparateur est formé de trois résistances R1, R2 et R3. Deux résistances R1 et R2, généralement de même valeur, sont en série entre les extrémités respectives des lignes 3L et 3H (INLB et INHB pour le séparateur 4I et OUTLB et OUTHB pour le séparateur 4O) et une troisième résistance R3 relie le point milieu de cette association en série à la borne CPLD, respectivement ISO.In the example of the figure 3 conductive tracks 3L and 3H participate in the production of secondary lines respectively dedicated to the main lines 2L and 2H. The respective ends of the branch lines 3L and 3H are CPLD terminal side, connected by a resistive divider 4 I. These lines are connected, on the ISO terminal side, by a resistive separator 4 O. Each separator is formed of three resistors R1, R2 and R3. Two resistors R1 and R2, generally of the same value, are in series between the respective ends of the lines 3L and 3H (IN LB and IN HB for the separator 4 I and OUT LB and OUT HB for the separator 4 O ) and a third resistor R3 links the midpoint of this serial association to the CPLD or ISO terminal.

Toutefois, ces deux séparateurs détériorent la directivité du coupleur dans le cas d'un défaut d'isolation entre les deux antennes 13L et 13H. Par exemple, on suppose que la borne INLB est attaquée par un signal à transmettre à 0 dBm et que le coupleur a une directivité de 20 dB. Avec un couplage de 30 dB, et en supposant que les séparateurs provoquent une atténuation de 8 dB, on retrouve -38 dBm sur la borne CPLD. On suppose également que les pertes d'insertion sont nulles. Les 0 dBm se retrouvent côté antenne 13L (en négligeant les pertes d'insertion et les pertes liées au couplage). Avec une directivité de 20 dB et une isolation parfaite entre les antennes 13L et 13H, on retrouve -50 dBm à l'extrémité de la ligne 3L qui se transforment en -58 dBm sur la borne ISO. Toutefois, en supposant une isolation de 10 dB entre les deux antennes, on retrouve -10 dBm sur l'antenne 13H qui, par couplage, se transforment en -40 dBm à l'extrémité de la ligne 3H côté borne ISO. Par conséquent, ce couplage se traduit par un niveau de -48 dBm sur la borne ISO au lieu des -58 dBm que l'on devrait obtenir. Le résultat obtenu revient à celui que donnerait un coupleur ayant une directivité de 10 dB (donc très peu directif).However, these two separators deteriorate the directivity of the coupler in the case of an insulation fault between the two antennas 13L and 13H. For example, it is assumed that the IN LB terminal is driven by a signal to be transmitted at 0 dBm and that the coupler has a directivity of 20 dB. With a coupling of 30 dB, and assuming that the separators cause an attenuation of 8 dB, we find -38 dBm on the terminal CPLD. It is also assumed that the insertion losses are zero. The 0 dBm are found on the 13L antenna side (neglecting insertion losses and coupling losses). With 20 dB directivity and perfect insulation between antennas 13L and 13H, we find -50 dBm at the end of the line 3L which turn into -58 dBm on the ISO terminal. However, assuming a 10 dB isolation between the two antennas, there is -10 dBm on the antenna 13H which, by coupling, turn into -40 dBm at the end of the line 3H side terminal ISO. Therefore, this coupling results in a level of -48 dBm on the ISO terminal instead of the -58 dBm that should be obtained. The result obtained is the same as that given by a coupler having a directivity of 10 dB (thus very little directional).

Ce problème lié aux pertes en réflexion (return loss) n'est pas traité par le document US-A-2005/0239421 susmentionné qui prévoit de placer un duplexeur côté port couplé, mais de relier les ports ISO des deux lignes secondaires à la masse par une résistance de 50 ohms et à la ligne principale par une capacité.This problem related to loss of reflection (return loss) is not covered by the document US-2005/0239421 mentioned above which plans to place a duplexer on the port side coupled, but to connect the ISO ports of the two secondary lines to ground by a resistor of 50 ohms and to the main line by a capacitance.

La figure 4 représente un mode de réalisation d'un coupleur bi-bande 1 préservant la directivité du coupleur.The figure 4 represents an embodiment of a dual-band coupler 1 preserving the directivity of the coupler.

Selon ce mode de réalisation, le séparateur 4O côté borne ISO est remplacé par un diplexeur 5O, c'est-à-dire un filtre passe-bas côté ligne 3L associé à un filtre passe-haut côté ligne 3H. L'objectif est de filtrer les signaux reçus par l'antenne non utilisée dans la transmission.According to this embodiment, the separator 4 O on the ISO terminal side is replaced by a 5 O diplexer, that is to say a line-side low-pass filter 3L associated with a high-pass filter on the line side 3H. The objective is to filter the signals received by the unused antenna in the transmission.

On notera que le circuit 5O est un diplexeur dont le rôle est de séparer deux bandes de fréquence éloignées l'une de l'autre et non un duplexeur dont le rôle est de séparer les voies d'émission des voies de réception.Note that the circuit 5 O is a diplexer whose role is to separate two frequency bands distant from each other and not a duplexer whose role is to separate the transmission channels of the reception channels.

On aurait pu penser placer des filtres respectivement passe-bas et passe-haut entre les lignes principales respectivement 2L et 3L et leurs antennes 13L et 13H. Toutefois, de tels filtres doivent supporter la puissance transmise, ce qui engendre une taille importante. De plus, la présence d'un filtre sur la ligne principale introduit des pertes d'insertion qui, pour être minimisées, demandent des inductances à facteur de qualité élevé, donc de taille importante.One would have thought to place respectively low-pass and high-pass filters between the main lines respectively 2L and 3L and their antennas 13L and 13H. However, such filters must support the transmitted power, which generates a large size. In addition, the presence of a filter on the main line introduces insertion losses which, to be minimized, require inductors with a high quality factor, and therefore of large size.

La figure 5 illustre un exemple de courbe de réponse du diplexeur 5O de la figure 4. On suppose de façon arbitraire un diplexeur introduisant 8 dB de pertes d'insertion (pour équilibrer avec le séparateur 4I côté borne CPLD qui introduit également une atténuation de 8 dB). La figure 5 illustre un exemple d'application à la téléphonie mobile dans lequel la bande basses fréquences LF est aux environs de 800 MHz et la bande hautes fréquences HF est aux environs de 2,2 GHz. La voie LP du diplexeur laisse passer, entre l'extrémité de la ligne 3L et la borne ISO, les fréquences basses et coupe les fréquences hautes tandis que la voie HP, entre l'extrémité de la ligne 3H et la borne ISO, coupe les fréquences basses pour laisser passer les fréquences dans la bande des 2,2 GHz. L'exemple numérique de la figure 5 est arbitraire et l'homme du métier pourra adapter le diplexeur 5 en fonction des bandes de fréquence à traiter par le coupleur.The figure 5 illustrates an example of the response curve of the diplexer 5 O of the figure 4 . It is arbitrarily assumed a diplexer introducing 8 dB of insertion losses (to balance with the separator 4 I terminal side CPLD which also introduces an attenuation of 8 dB). The figure 5 illustrates an example of application to mobile telephony in which the low frequency band LF is around 800 MHz and the high frequency band HF is around 2.2 GHz. The LP channel of the diplexer passes between the end of the line 3L and the ISO terminal, the low frequencies and cuts the high frequencies while the HP channel, between the end of the line 3H and the ISO terminal, cuts the low frequencies to pass frequencies in the 2.2 GHz band. The numerical example of the figure 5 is arbitrary and the skilled person can adapt the diplexer 5 according to the frequency bands to be processed by the coupler.

En reprenant l'exemple d'un signal attaquant la borne INLB à 0 dBm pour un coupleur ayant une directivité théorique de 20 dB et un couplage de -30 dB, on retrouve comme dans l'exemple de la figure 3 un signal à -38 dBm sur la borne CPLD. Toutefois, côté borne ISO, le signal à -40 dBm provenant de l'antenne 13H et de son couplage à 10 dB avec l'antenne 13L est coupé par le filtre passe-haut. En effet, le signal est dans la bande de fréquence basse. Par conséquent, on retrouve bien désormais sur la borne ISO un signal à -58 dBm.Taking again the example of a signal attacking the IN LB terminal at 0 dBm for a coupler having a theoretical directivity of 20 dB and a coupling of -30 dB, one finds as in the example of the figure 3 a signal at -38 dBm on the CPLD terminal. However, on the ISO terminal side, the -40 dBm signal from the 13H antenna and its 10 dB coupling to the 13L antenna is cut by the high-pass filter. Indeed, the signal is in the low frequency band. Therefore, we now find on the ISO terminal a signal at -58 dBm.

Un fonctionnement similaire se produit en attaquant le coupleur par la ligne 2H avec un signal dans la bande hautes fréquences, le défaut d'isolation entre les deux antennes se trouvant filtré par le diplexeur 5.A similar operation occurs by driving the coupler through the line 2H with a signal in the high frequency band, the insulation fault between the two antennas being filtered by the diplexer 5.

Le diplexeur est de préférence dimensionné pour avoir une atténuation correspondant à celle de l'atténuateur 4I côté borne CPLD.The diplexer is preferably sized to have attenuation corresponding to that of the attenuator 4 I terminal side CPLD.

La figure 6 représente un autre mode de réalisation dans lequel un deuxième diplexeur 5I est prévu côté borne CPLD à la place de l'atténuateur 4I. Un tel mode de réalisation rend le coupleur symétrique, donc bidirectionnel, à la différence du montage de la figure 4 qui n'est pas symétrique.The figure 6 represents another embodiment in which a second diplexer 5 I is provided on the CPLD terminal side instead of the attenuator 4 I. Such an embodiment makes the symmetrical coupler, so bidirectional, unlike the mounting of the figure 4 which is not symmetrical.

La figure 7 représente un premier exemple de réalisation d'un diplexeur utilisable dans le coupleur des figures 4 et 6.The figure 7 represents a first embodiment of a diplexer that can be used in the coupler of Figures 4 and 6 .

Une première branche entre la borne ISO et l'extrémité de la ligne 3L forme un filtre passe-bas d'ordre 3. Trois inductances L11, L12 et L13 sont en série et les points milieu de cette association en série sont directement reliés à la masse par des condensateurs, respectivement C11 et C12.A first branch between the ISO terminal and the end of line 3L forms a low-pass filter of order 3. Three inductors L11, L12 and L13 are in series and the middle points of this series association are directly connected to the mass by capacitors, respectively C11 and C12.

Une deuxième branche entre la borne ISO et l'extrémité de la ligne 3H forme un filtre passe-haut d'ordre 3. Trois condensateurs C21, C22 et C23 sont en série et les points milieu de cette association en série sont directement reliés à la masse par des inductances, respectivement L21 et L22.A second branch between the ISO terminal and the end of the line 3H forms a high-pass filter of order 3. Three capacitors C21, C22 and C23 are in series and the middle points of this series association are directly connected to the mass by inductances, respectively L21 and L22.

La figure 8 représente un autre mode de réalisation d'un diplexeur utilisable dans les modes de réalisation des figures 4 et 6. Par rapport à la figure 7, les inductances L11, L12, L13, L21 et L22 sont remplacées par des résistances, respectivement R11, R12, R13, R21 et R22.The figure 8 represents another embodiment of a diplexer that can be used in the embodiments of Figures 4 and 6 . Compared to the figure 7 the inductances L11, L12, L13, L21 and L22 are replaced by resistors R11, R12, R13, R21 and R22, respectively.

Le choix entre une réalisation à partir d'éléments inductifs ou résistifs dépend, par exemple, de la technologie disponible et, notamment, de la possibilité d'intégrer facilement des éléments inductifs dans cette technologie.The choice between an embodiment from inductive or resistive elements depends, for example, on the available technology and, in particular, the possibility of easily integrating inductive elements into this technology.

Pour des raisons de sélectivité, les filtres passe-bas et passe-haut formant les diplexeurs sont au moins d'ordre 2 et, de préférence d'ordre 3.For reasons of selectivity, the low-pass and high-pass filters forming the diplexers are at least 2-order and preferably 3-order.

La figure 9 représente un coupleur selon encore un autre mode de réalisation.The figure 9 represents a coupler according to yet another embodiment.

Par rapport au mode de réalisation de la figure 6, chaque ligne secondaire 3L, 3H est interrompue approximativement en son milieu pour former deux tronçons. Les extrémités des tronçons qui se font face sont chacune reliées à la masse par un atténuateur.Compared to the embodiment of the figure 6 each secondary line 3L, 3H is interrupted approximately in the middle to form two sections. The ends of the sections that face each other are each connected to the ground by an attenuator.

Ainsi, chaque ligne secondaire comporte deux tronçons 31L, 32L et 31H, 32H parallèles aux lignes 2L et 2H. Les tronçons 31 et 32 sont de préférence symétriques, c'est-à-dire de même longueur. Leurs extrémités respectives externes sont reliées aux filtres 5. Leurs extrémités respectives internes sont respectivement connectées à des atténuateurs 32L, 34L et 33H, 34H.Thus, each secondary line comprises two sections 31 L , 32 L and 31 H , 32 H parallel to the lines 2 L and 2 H. The sections 31 and 32 are preferably symmetrical, that is to say of the same length. Their respective outer ends are connected to the filters 5. Their respective internal ends are respectively connected to attenuators 32 L , 34 L and 33 H , 34 H.

Cette structure de coupleur permet de s'affranchir de l'influence des charges présentes sur les ports CPLD et ISOi. Un avantage est que cela facilite l'adaptation d'impédance et améliore la directivité.This coupler structure makes it possible to overcome the influence of the loads present on the CPLD and ISO i ports. One advantage is that it facilitates impedance matching and improves directivity.

Les atténuateurs 33 et 34 sont de préférence choisis pour fournir une atténuation au moins égale à la moitié de la directivité du coupleur.Attenuators 33 and 34 are preferably chosen to provide attenuation at least equal to half of the directivity of the coupler.

La figure 10 représente un exemple d'atténuateur 33 ou 34. Cet atténuateur est formé d'une résistance en parallèle avec une capacité C entre l'extrémité interne du tronçon concerné et la masse. Par exemple, la résistance est de 50 ohms et la capacité de l'ordre du picofarad.The figure 10 is an example of attenuator 33 or 34. This attenuator is formed of a resistor in parallel with a capacitor C between the inner end of the section concerned and the mass. For example, the resistance is 50 ohms and the capacity of the picofarad order.

La figure 11 représente un autre exemple d'atténuateur 33 ou 34. Cet atténuateur est formé de trois résistances R agencées en pi entre l'extrémité interne du tronçon concerné et la masse. Avec de tels atténuateurs, chaque demi-coupleur correspond au coupleur décrit dans la demande de brevet FR n°2 923 950 (B8533 - 07-TO-295-296) ou de la demande de brevet US n°2009/0128255 .The figure 11 is another example of attenuator 33 or 34. This attenuator is formed of three resistors R arranged in pi between the inner end of the section concerned and the mass. With such attenuators, each half-coupler corresponds to the coupler described in the patent application. FR No. 2,923,950 (B8533 - 07-TO-295-296) or the patent application US 2009/0128255 .

On pourra aussi prévoir des atténuateurs en T ou d'autres formes d'atténuateurs.T-attenuators or other forms of attenuators may also be provided.

Les atténuateurs 33 et 34 sont de préférence choisis pour fournir une atténuation au moins égale à la moitié de la directivité du coupleur.Attenuators 33 and 34 are preferably chosen to provide attenuation at least equal to half of the directivity of the coupler.

Il est désormais possible de réaliser un coupleur bi-bande qui soit sélectif en fréquence tout en étant de dimension réduite. En effet, les diplexeurs sur les lignes couplées ne voient qu'une faible puissance.It is now possible to make a dual band coupler that is frequency selective while being reduced in size. Indeed, the diplexers on the coupled lines only see a weak power.

Des modes de réalisation particuliers de la présente invention ont été décrits. Diverses variantes et modifications apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, les dimensions des lignes en fonction des bandes de fréquences souhaitées pour le coupleur sont déterminables par l'homme du métier en utilisant les méthodes habituelles. De plus, les dimensions des composants, des diplexeurs et atténuateurs, sont également déterminables par l'homme du métier en fonction de l'atténuation souhaitée. En outre, bien que l'invention ait été décrite en relation avec une chaîne d'émission radiofréquence, elle se transpose sans difficulté à une chaîne de réception.Particular embodiments of the present invention have been described. Various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, the dimensions of the lines as a function of the desired frequency bands for the coupler are determinable by those skilled in the art using the usual methods. In addition, the dimensions of the components, the diplexers and attenuators, are also determinable by the skilled person depending on the desired attenuation. In addition, although the invention has been described in relation to a radiofrequency transmission chain, it is easily transposed to a reception chain.

Claims (6)

  1. A directional dual distributed coupler (1) comprising:
    a first conductive line (2L) between first and second ports (INLB, OUTLB), intended to convey a signal to be transmitted in a first frequency band;
    a second conductive line (3L) coupled to the first one;
    a third conductive line (2H) between third and fourth ports (INHB, OUTHB), intended to convey a signal to be transmitted in a greater frequency band than the first one;
    a fourth conductive line (3H) coupled to the third one; characterized by
    a first diplexer (5O) connecting, on the side of the second and fourth ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a fifth port (ISO); and
    a resistive divider (4) or a second diplexer (5I) connecting on the side of the first and third ports, the respective ends of the second and fourth lines to a sixth port (CPLD).
  2. The coupler of claim 1, wherein the second (31L, 32L) and fourth (31H, 32H) lines are interrupted approximately in the middle, the two intermediate ends being connected to attenuators (33, 34).
  3. The coupler of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first diplexer (5O) is sized to filter the frequencies of the first band between the fourth line (3H) and the fifth port (ISO), and to filter the frequencies of the second band between the second line (3L) and the fifth port.
  4. The coupler of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the respective ends of the second and fourth lines are connected to the sixth port (CPLD) by the second diplexer (5I), which is sized to filter the frequencies of the first band between the fourth line (3H) and the sixth port (CPLD) and to filter the frequencies of the second band between the second line (3L) and the sixth port.
  5. The coupler of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diplexer(s) (5) are formed of low-pass and high-pass filters at least of order 2 and, preferably, of order 3.
  6. A circuit for transmitting or receiving radio frequency signals, comprising:
    at least one amplifier (12L, 12H);
    at least one coupler (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5; and
    at least one circuit (15) for measuring information sampled from the fifth or sixth port.
EP10769032.3A 2009-09-28 2010-09-27 Selectivity enhancement for a dual-band coupler Not-in-force EP2483965B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0956696A FR2950743B1 (en) 2009-09-28 2009-09-28 IMPROVING THE SELECTIVITY OF A BI-BAND COUPLER
PCT/FR2010/052019 WO2011036423A1 (en) 2009-09-28 2010-09-27 Selectivity enhancement for a dual-band coupler

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EP2483965A1 EP2483965A1 (en) 2012-08-08
EP2483965B1 true EP2483965B1 (en) 2013-07-10

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EP10769032.3A Not-in-force EP2483965B1 (en) 2009-09-28 2010-09-27 Selectivity enhancement for a dual-band coupler

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US (1) US8773216B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2483965B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2950743B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2011036423A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2947400B1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2011-06-03 St Microelectronics Tours Sas MULTIBAND COUPLING CIRCUIT
FR2965113B1 (en) * 2010-09-17 2012-09-21 St Microelectronics Tours Sas MULTI-BAND COUPLING ARCHITECTURE
US9570793B2 (en) 2014-04-15 2017-02-14 Gatesair, Inc. Directional coupler system
JP6112075B2 (en) * 2014-06-27 2017-04-12 株式会社村田製作所 Electronic components
US9531054B2 (en) * 2015-02-05 2016-12-27 Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd. Directional coupler
JP6098842B2 (en) * 2015-03-11 2017-03-22 Tdk株式会社 Directional coupler and wireless communication device
EP3220477B1 (en) * 2016-03-17 2018-08-15 AKG Acoustics GmbH Directional coupler and power splitter made therefrom
US10171112B2 (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-01-01 Qualcomm Incorporated RF multiplexer with integrated directional couplers
JP6662349B2 (en) * 2017-05-19 2020-03-11 株式会社村田製作所 Directional coupler, high-frequency front-end module, and communication equipment
US10997483B2 (en) * 2019-06-12 2021-05-04 Stmicroelectronics, Inc NFC antenna switch
TWI699094B (en) * 2019-08-01 2020-07-11 啓碁科技股份有限公司 System and method for communication
CN114447555A (en) * 2021-08-12 2022-05-06 荣耀终端有限公司 Broadband coupler, circuit board and electronic equipment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100593901B1 (en) * 2004-04-22 2006-06-28 삼성전기주식회사 Directional coupler and dual band transmitter using same
KR100616672B1 (en) * 2005-02-14 2006-08-28 삼성전기주식회사 Capacitance compensation type directional coupler and ipd for multi-band having the same
FR2923950B1 (en) 2007-11-20 2010-03-12 St Microelectronics Tours Sas INTEGRATED BIDIRECTIONAL COUPLER.
FR2947400B1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2011-06-03 St Microelectronics Tours Sas MULTIBAND COUPLING CIRCUIT

Also Published As

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EP2483965A1 (en) 2012-08-08
US20120194293A1 (en) 2012-08-02
FR2950743A1 (en) 2011-04-01
FR2950743B1 (en) 2012-03-23
US8773216B2 (en) 2014-07-08
WO2011036423A1 (en) 2011-03-31

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