EP2483727A1 - Dispositif optoelectronique terahertz et procede pour generer ou detecter des ondes electromagnetiques terahertz - Google Patents
Dispositif optoelectronique terahertz et procede pour generer ou detecter des ondes electromagnetiques terahertzInfo
- Publication number
- EP2483727A1 EP2483727A1 EP10771800A EP10771800A EP2483727A1 EP 2483727 A1 EP2483727 A1 EP 2483727A1 EP 10771800 A EP10771800 A EP 10771800A EP 10771800 A EP10771800 A EP 10771800A EP 2483727 A1 EP2483727 A1 EP 2483727A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- terahertz
- optoelectronic device
- semiconductor component
- generating
- electromagnetic waves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010070 molecular adhesion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S1/00—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
- H01S1/02—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range solid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a terahertz optoelectronic device capable of cooperating with an electronic apparatus for generating or detecting terahertz electromagnetic waves, and a method for generating or detecting terahertz electromagnetic waves.
- Terahertz electromagnetic wave generators and detectors are used in various fields such as microelectronics for circuit characterization, telecommunications, biology, or defense, for example.
- the operating frequencies of the electronic and optoelectronic components to be characterized are greater than the bandwidths of conventional measuring tools, limited today to 210 GHz.
- Characterization tools are known associating a terahertz electromagnetic wave generator with an electrical-optical conversion probe.
- Terahertz electromagnetic wave generators can be divided into two types of generators: those based on the generation of terahertz electromagnetic waves propagating in free space and those based on the generation of terahertz electromagnetic waves propagating in a waveguide .
- the terahertz electromagnetic wave generators make it possible to emit terahertz electromagnetic waves propagating in a waveguide of the circuit to be characterized, for example. These generated terahertz electromagnetic waves are then detected by the electrical-optical conversion probe to locally measure fast electric field variations in the circuit. It is possible to determine the direction of propagation of electrical signals, the presence of clutter and to characterize these echoes.
- these Terahertz electromagnetic wave generators can be used as an emitter / detector of electromagnetic radiation to detect or transmit high speed data (> 10Gbit / s) on carrier at terahertz frequencies.
- Document FR 2 870 386 discloses an emitter / detector for terahertz electromagnetic radiation, as illustrated in FIG. 1, making it possible to generate or detect terahertz electromagnetic waves.
- the terahertz electromagnetic radiation emitter / detector comprises on the one hand an electronic apparatus comprising a substrate, a photoconductor comprising an epitaxial layer of unintentionally doped semiconductor material formed on the substrate and metal electrodes or contacts deposited on the substrate. substrate, and secured to the semiconductor material.
- the design of the electronic device depends on the coupling envisaged either in a waveguide or towards a free space.
- the emitter of electromagnetic radiation further comprises a light excitation source of the photoconductor for generating charge carriers in the epitaxial layer, means for creating a continuous electric field between the metallic contacts, means for emitting electromagnetic waves from the generated charge carriers, and a coupling optics for directing the light flux onto the semiconductor component and which is placed between the excitation source and the photoconductor.
- the electronic apparatus of the Terahertz electromagnetic wave generator can be connected to the electronic circuit to be characterized by bonds of "bonding" type or directly integrated with the latter during the manufacturing step. as described above.
- bonding bonds are micron gold wires, which have high radiation losses at terahertz frequencies.
- impedance mismatches generated by this type of connection induce numerous parasitic echoes of the terahertz pulse.
- the integration of the photoconductor directly on the electronic circuit to be characterized is difficult to achieve technologically and limits the characterization to that of the microelectronic circuit.
- the microelectronic circuit to be characterized is modified specifically for the measurement, and the generation of the terahertz pulse is located at a precise and fixed location of the studied apparatus.
- the emission or detection of terahertz electromagnetic radiation is only possible at a precise and fixed location of the electronic device of the Terahertz electromagnetic radiation transmitter / detector.
- the terahertz electromagnetic wave propagates through the substrate of the electronic device.
- this substrate may have significant losses in the terahertz domain and high permittivity.
- the objective of the invention is therefore to propose a Terahertz optoelectronic device independent of the electronic device and enabling generation or detection of terahertz electromagnetic waves at different locations of the electronic device.
- This terahertz optoelectronic device is able to cooperate with an electronic device for generating or detecting terahertz electromagnetic waves.
- This Terahertz optoelectronic device works well with a wide range of electronic devices.
- the invention relates to a Terahertz optoelectronic device adapted to cooperate with an electronic apparatus for generating or detecting Terahertz electromagnetic waves, said electronic apparatus comprising at least two distant metallic conductors, and means for generating an electric field or measuring a electrical current between said metal conductors, said terahertz optoelectronic device comprising:
- a source of light excitation capable of delivering light signals
- an optical fiber comprising a first and a second end, said first end being able to receive the light signals delivered by said excitation source, said optical fiber directing these light signals towards said second end.
- the terahertz optoelectronic device comprises:
- said light excitation source being able to excite the semiconductor component to produce charge carriers therein for generating or measuring electromagnetic waves Terahertz, when the semiconductor component is near or in contact with the metal conductors, the terahertz optoelectronic device (1) being movable relative to the electronic device.
- the present invention also relates to the following features which may be considered individually or in all their technically possible combinations and each bring specific advantages:
- said semiconductor component is bonded to said second end of the optical fiber with an optical adhesive
- the terahertz optoelectronic device comprises a lens positioned between the semiconductor component and said second end of the optical fiber for focusing said luminous flux on the semiconductor component
- said semiconductor component comprises an epitaxial layer of a semiconductor material, the epitaxial layer being a layer of InGaAs previously irradiated with ions,
- said semiconductor component is formed of a stack of several semiconductor materials, the service life of the charge carriers of said epitaxial layer, generated by said luminous flux, is less than one picosecond, the mobility of these carriers being greater than 200 cm 2 V " V 1 at ambient temperature and the resistivity of said layer being between 10 4 Qcm and 1 Qcm,
- the semiconductor component has a section greater than that of the optical fiber
- the excitation source is an ultra-short broad-spectrum laser source capable of generating light pulses centered on a wavelength ⁇ of between 0.7 ⁇ and 1.6 ⁇ and having a duration of the order of the hundred or so femtoseconds,
- the excitation source comprises two coherent continuous laser sources each emitting a light wave, the frequency difference of said light waves being in the terahertz frequency range.
- the invention also relates to a method for generating or detecting Terahertz electromagnetic waves with a terahertz optoelectronic device as defined above, and an electronic apparatus comprising at least two distant metallic conductors, and means for generating an electric field or measuring a electric current between said metal conductors.
- the semiconductor component integral with the second end of the optical fiber is placed at a distance from the two metal conductors.
- the invention provides a Terahertz optoelectronic device independent of the electronic device (or external to the latter).
- the terahertz optoelectronic device is compatible with a large number of electronic devices using in particular substrates of low permittivity.
- This Terahertz optoelectronic device allows the generation of higher power levels and the detection with greater sensitivity of terahertz electromagnetic waves in free space.
- This terahertz optoelectronic device is also suitable for characterizing a large number of complex electronic circuits.
- the generation of an terahertz electromagnetic wave can be performed at any accessible point of the electronic circuits studied.
- the Terahertz optoelectronic device can be freely positioned without the need for tedious adjustments or complex manipulations.
- the terahertz optoelectronic device is associated with an electrical-optical conversion probe, such as that of document FR 2 906 039, based on the electro-optical sampling, which is also independent or external, the Characterization of the electronic circuits can be carried out through the enclosures enclosing them.
- the terahertz optoelectronic device can be mounted on a production line to characterize on-line circuits.
- the Terahertz optoelectronic device may be associated with an electronic device optimized for generating or detecting terahertz electromagnetic waves propagating in a waveguide or for generating and detecting the terahertz electromagnetic wave in free space.
- the invention can be applied to terahertz spectroscopy.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an emitter of electromagnetic radiation of the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an terahertz optoelectronic device, according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view of this terahertz optoelectronic device
- Figure 1 shows an emitter of electromagnetic radiation of the prior art.
- This emitter of electromagnetic radiation which is disclosed in the document FR 2 870 386, comprises a semiconductor or photoconductive component 1 0 comprising an epitaxial layer of a non-intentionally doped semiconductor material 11 formed on a substrate 5.
- this epitaxial layer 1 1 is encapsulated between, on the one hand, an electrical insulation layer 1 3 placed on the surface of the substrate 5, and on the other hand, a contact layer 14 allowing the deposition of metal electrodes 1 8a, 18b.
- the substrate 5 consists of an InP semiconductor material, or GaAs, or the like.
- the semiconductor material of the epitaxial layer 1 1 is made of InGaAs.
- the semiconductor component 10 also comprises metal electrodes 18a, 18b formed on the epitaxial layer 11 by evaporation of a gold-based alloy. Means make it possible to create a continuous electric field 6 between these metal electrodes 18a, 18b, the epitaxial layer being placed in this electric field. These means 6 comprise for example a voltage generator applying a potential difference between the metal electrodes 18a, 18b.
- the transmitter also comprises an ultrafast laser source 7 broad spectrum to emit ultra-short pulses centered on a wavelength ⁇ between 1, 3 ⁇ and 1, 6 ⁇ .
- this ultra-short laser source 7 is a fiber laser.
- the ultra-short pulses emitted by this laser source 7 generate charge carriers in the epitaxial layer of the semiconductor material. unintentionally doped conductor 1 1 whose lifetime is less than one second.
- the transmitter comprises an optical fiber 8 which sends the ultra-short pulses generated by the laser source onto the semiconductor component 10.
- This optical fiber 8 is placed between the excitation source 7 and the semiconductor component 10. .
- the transmitter comprises means for emitting electromagnetic radiation from the generated charge carriers.
- These means comprise a transmission line 1 5a, 1 5b which is coplanar with the metal electrodes 1 8a, 1 8b.
- the metal electrodes 18a, 18b have a potential difference that can be modified by the photogenerated carriers.
- This transmission line 1 5a, 1 5b is connected to a Hertz dipole 1 6.
- This Hertz dipole 1 6 comprises two arms 1 7a, 1 7b, each arm 1 7a, 1 7b being respectively connected to one end of the metal ribbons of the transmission line 1 5a, 1 5b.
- the space between the metal electrodes 18a, 18b of the semiconductor component 110 is illuminated by the light source 7.
- the charge carriers generated by the interaction between the ultra-short laser pulses and the semiconductor component 1 0 are sent via the transmission line 1 5a, 1 5b to the arms 1 7a, 1 7b of the Hertz dipole 1 6 which emits electromagnetic radiation.
- the semiconductor material is secured to the substrate on which the metal electrodes are deposited.
- the generation of electromagnetic waves in free space is then of limited power because of the losses in the semiconductor substrate.
- the generation of electromagnetic waves in a waveguide on a dielectric substrate of low permittivity is tricky.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an optoelectronic device
- FIG. 3 is a detailed view of this terahertz optoelectronic device.
- the terahertz optoelectronic device 1 comprises a light excitation source 7 capable of delivering light signals, and an optical fiber 8 comprising two ends 9a, 9b including a first end 9a adapted to receive the light signals delivered by the excitation source 7
- the optical fiber 8 directs these light signals towards its second end 9b.
- a semiconductor component 1 0 is secured to the second end of the optical fiber 8.
- the excitation source 7, the optical fiber 8 and the semiconductor component 1 0 form a mobile unit assembly with respect to the electronic device 2.
- the semiconductor component 10 is capable of performing an optical-electrical conversion to generate charge carriers.
- the semiconductor component 1 0 is fixed to the optical fiber 8, and more precisely to the second end of the optical fiber 8. According to a possible embodiment, the semiconductor component 1 0 can be glued directly to the second end 9b of the optical fiber 8 so as to be in contact therewith.
- the semiconductor component 10 can be glued to the second end 9b of the optical fiber 8 by means of an optical glue.
- the semiconductor component 10 can be attached to the optical fiber 8 by molecular adhesion.
- the terahertz optoelectronic device 1 is able to cooperate with an electronic device 2 either to generate terahertz electromagnetic waves 3, which can then be measured by an electrical-optical conversion probe, or to detect terahertz 3 external electromagnetic waves at the device. electronic 2.
- the electronic apparatus 2 comprises at least two distant metal conductors or electrodes 4a, 4b. These may be formed on a semiconductor or dielectric substrate, for example. These can also be suspended in the air.
- the electronic apparatus 2 comprises means 6 for generating an electric field between the metal conductors 4 a, 4 b.
- the means for generating an electric field 6 may comprise a voltage generator, for example.
- the substrate 5 may be of a semiconductor material or formed of another material. It may have a low permittivity.
- the two metallic conductors 4a, 4b can form a coplanar waveguide.
- the light excitation source 7 is able to excite the semiconductor component 1 0 to generate charge carriers.
- the generated charge carriers interact with the electric field generated between the metallic conductors 4a, 4b of the electronic apparatus 2 to produce terahertz 3 electromagnetic waves.
- the semiconductor component 1 0 of the invention may comprise a single epitaxial layer of a semiconductor material, for example.
- the semiconductor component 10 may be formed of a stack of several semiconductor materials.
- the epitaxial layer of the semiconductor component is in
- One approach for reducing charge carrier lifetime is to introduce defects in the crystalline photoconductive material to create capture centers for trapping charge carriers.
- the method of document FR 2 870 386 consists of using an irradiated semiconductor component, that is to say subjected to ion bombardment, to generate defects in a controlled and uniform manner and to reduce the service life of the charge carriers. .
- the epitaxial layer is a layer of InGaAs previously irradiated with ions.
- the lifetime of the charge carriers of the epitaxial layer, generated by the luminous flux is less than the picosecond. It can be also greater than the picosecond.
- the mobility of these carriers is greater than 200 cm 2 V " V 1 at room temperature and the resistivity of the layer is between 1 0 4 Qcm and 1 Qcm.
- the technological realization of the terahertz 1 optoelectronic device is particularly delicate, the diameter of the optical fiber 8 being 1 25 ⁇ . Other diameters of optical fiber 8 are also possible.
- the optical fiber 8 may be a monomode optical fiber.
- a thin layer of irradiated 1n 0.53 Ga 0.47 As is adhered at the end of optical fiber 8 using an optical glue polymerizing with UV radiation.
- the charge carrier lifetime in the material of 0.53 Ga 0.47 As is reduced to values of the order of one picosecond.
- the InGaAs layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ .
- the semiconductor component 1 0 preferably has a dimension greater than that of the optical fiber 8 so that all the light flux coming from the fiber is absorbed by the semiconductor component 1 0.
- the diameter of the optical fiber 8 can also be less than that of the semiconductor component 1 0.
- Other forms are also possible.
- the optical fiber 8 can be mounted on precision motorized translation stages.
- the choice of the material of the epitaxial layer advantageously makes it possible to generate ultrashort electric field pulses from an ultrashort optical excitation whose wavelength ⁇ is between 0.7 ⁇ and 1, 6 ⁇ .
- the ultra-short laser source 7 of the terahertz 1 optoelectronic device is a broad-spectrum laser source 7 for emitting ultrashort light pulses centered on a wavelength ⁇ of between 0.7 ⁇ and 1.6 ⁇ .
- the wavelength ⁇ is 1, 55 ⁇ .
- the light pulses have a duration of the order of one hundred femtoseconds.
- the terahertz optoelectronic device 1 comprises a lens (not shown), positioned between the semiconductor component conductor 1 0 and the second end of the optical fiber 9b to focus the luminous flux on the semiconductor component 1 0 to increase the power density incident on the semiconductor component 1 0.
- This lens is, for example, silicon or glass.
- the lens is attached to the second end of the optical fiber 9b, and the semiconductor component 10 is attached to the lens by gluing or molecular adhesion, for example.
- the excitation source 7 comprises two coherent continuous laser sources each emitting a light wave.
- the charge carriers are then generated by photomixing.
- Two light waves emitted for example by two coherent laser sources of slightly different frequency are spatially superimposed.
- the reference frequency used is between 0.7 ⁇ and 1, 6 ⁇ .
- the photo-mixing of the two coherent light waves then has a pulsation beat term equal to the difference in frequency between the two waves lying in the terahertz frequency range.
- the two-wave mixture is produced in the semiconductor component 10.
- the terahertz 1 optoelectronic device can be used in cooperation with the electronic device 2 to detect outside and incident terahertz electromagnetic waves on the electronic device 2.
- the electronic apparatus 2 comprises means for measuring a current 6 'between the metal conductors 4a, 4b.
- These means 6 ' may include an ammeter for example.
- the light excitation source 7 is able to excite the semiconductor component 1 0 to generate charge carriers in the latter, and the generated charge carriers interact with the electric field produced by external terahertz electromagnetic waves and incident on the electronic apparatus 2, for inducing an electric current between the metal conductors 4a, 4b. This electric current is measured by the means for measuring an electric current 6 '.
- the terahertz 1 optoelectronic device and the electronic device 2 can be combined to form a terahertz electromagnetic wave transmission / reception device that can be used in the field of mobile telephony.
- the metal contacts 4a, 4b can be connected to a transmission line, which is itself connected to an antenna or to a "Hertz dipole".
- the generated current transient can result solely from the displacement current or the conduction current and the displacement current.
- the semiconductor component 1 0 is placed near the metal conductors 4a, 4b or waveguide but without contact.
- the impetus Ultra-short electrical generated is therefore only the result of the displacement current.
- the semiconductor component 10 is brought into contact with the metal conductors 4a, 4b.
- the ultra-short electric pulse 3 therefore results from the displacement current and the conduction current.
- the charge carriers in the semiconductor component may have a life time greater than one picosecond.
- the semiconductor component 10 can be brought closer to the metal contacts 4a, 4b so that its surface is substantially parallel to the surface of the metal contacts 4a, 4b.
- the surface of the semiconductor component 10 may be inclined relative to the surface of the metal contacts 4a, 4b.
- the approximation of the lateral edge of the semiconductor component 10 is sufficient to generate terahertz 3 electromagnetic waves.
- the terahertz 1 optoelectronic device of the invention makes it possible to generate or detect terahertz 3 electromagnetic waves propagating either in free space or in a waveguide.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0956769A FR2950700B1 (fr) | 2009-09-29 | 2009-09-29 | Dispositif optoelectronique terahertz et procede pour generer ou detecter des ondes electromagnetiques terahertz |
| PCT/FR2010/052037 WO2011039464A1 (fr) | 2009-09-29 | 2010-09-28 | Dispositif optoelectronique terahertz et procede pour generer ou detecter des ondes electromagnetiques terahertz |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2483727A1 true EP2483727A1 (fr) | 2012-08-08 |
Family
ID=42040557
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10771800A Withdrawn EP2483727A1 (fr) | 2009-09-29 | 2010-09-28 | Dispositif optoelectronique terahertz et procede pour generer ou detecter des ondes electromagnetiques terahertz |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2483727A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2950700B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011039464A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5729017A (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-03-17 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Terahertz generators and detectors |
| US6816647B1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2004-11-09 | Picometrix, Inc. | Compact fiber pigtailed terahertz modules |
| GB2359716B (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2002-06-12 | Toshiba Res Europ Ltd | An imaging apparatus and method |
| FR2870386B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-09-01 | Centre Nat Rech Scient Cnrse | Emetteur et detecteur de rayonnement electromagnetique. |
| JP3913253B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-30 | 2007-05-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
| TWI276425B (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2007-03-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | System for detecting the burned degree of a skin |
| FR2906039B1 (fr) | 2006-09-20 | 2009-01-23 | Univ Paris Sud Etablissement P | Procede et dispositif pour caracteriser un signal electrique se propageant dans un echantillon. |
| US7986413B2 (en) * | 2008-01-14 | 2011-07-26 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Methods and apparatus for rapid scanning continuous wave terahertz spectroscopy and imaging |
-
2009
- 2009-09-29 FR FR0956769A patent/FR2950700B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-09-28 WO PCT/FR2010/052037 patent/WO2011039464A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2010-09-28 EP EP10771800A patent/EP2483727A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011039464A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2950700B1 (fr) | 2012-04-20 |
| WO2011039464A1 (fr) | 2011-04-07 |
| FR2950700A1 (fr) | 2011-04-01 |
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