EP2482027A1 - Weaponry and security device for a pyrotechnic chain of a missile - Google Patents

Weaponry and security device for a pyrotechnic chain of a missile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2482027A1
EP2482027A1 EP12290027A EP12290027A EP2482027A1 EP 2482027 A1 EP2482027 A1 EP 2482027A1 EP 12290027 A EP12290027 A EP 12290027A EP 12290027 A EP12290027 A EP 12290027A EP 2482027 A1 EP2482027 A1 EP 2482027A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flap
finger
weight
security
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12290027A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2482027B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Pisella
Christophe Kergueris
Laurent Reynard
Renaud Lafont
Pierre-Marie Visse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Nexter Munitions SA filed Critical Nexter Munitions SA
Priority to PL12290027T priority Critical patent/PL2482027T3/en
Publication of EP2482027A1 publication Critical patent/EP2482027A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2482027B1 publication Critical patent/EP2482027B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/005—Combination-type safety mechanisms, i.e. two or more safeties are moved in a predetermined sequence to each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of security and arming devices for a pyrotechnic chain of a projectile and in particular micro-machined security and arming devices.
  • Security and arming devices are well known. They generally comprise a screen closing a transmission channel which connects a detonator and a pyrotechnic charge.
  • the screen is thus interposed on the transmission of the detonation wave between the detonator and the load and it prevents the operation of the latter.
  • the patent US6964231 discloses such a micro-machined security and arming device comprising a flap carrying a pyrotechnic charge and sliding by the action of the force centrifugal. This shutter itself is immobilized by a lock that is erased by the acceleration of firing of the projectile.
  • the rocking latch is actuated by a pyrotechnic composition generating gas whose ignition is controlled by an electronic means.
  • Such a safety device and armament allows to use for arming two independent environmental conditions: longitudinal firing acceleration and centrifugal acceleration. This double security allows this device to comply with the highest standards of projectile arming safety (STANAG 4187).
  • the second latch (rocking latch) requires the implementation of a pyrotechnic composition and means of initiation thereof.
  • An electronics must therefore be provided to control the operation of this MEMS which is therefore unsuitable for use in ammunition of medium caliber (caliber less than 50 mm) for which the available volume is limited.
  • centrifugal feeder that maintains a latch engaged in a flap footprint.
  • the maintenance of this lock by the weight and throughout the race of the latter generates friction that disturb the movement of the flyweight, so the delay of centrifugal arming.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a micro-machined safety and arming device that does not have such a disadvantage.
  • the device proposed by the invention makes it possible to ensure a release of the shutter as a result of the displacement of a centrifugal feeder but without the lock disrupting the movement of said feeder.
  • the subject of the invention is a micro-machined or micro-engraved security and arming device for a pyrotechnic chain of a projectile which is animated when firing an axial rotational movement, a device comprising a substrate on which is provided a pyrotechnic chain interruption flap which is movable in translation on the substrate, in which device the chain interruption flap is held immobilized by at least two bolts, a first latch (or axial acceleration latch) which is released as a result of the application of the acceleration communicated to the projectile during firing and a second latch which is a centrifugal latch released as a result of the rotation of the projectile, characterized in that the second latch comprises at least one finger of tilting lock which is interposed between the substrate and the flap, finger oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the flap and comprising a surface e support against which applies the shutter in the locked position, the finger further comprising an extension, and the device incorporating a feeder disposed in a housing of the shutter and sliding under the effect of the
  • the second lock comprises two locking fingers symmetrical to one another with respect to a median plane of the device parallel to the direction of movement of the flap.
  • each finger extends inside the feeder housing, the latter also having inclined planes which cooperate with the extensions of the fingers to cause their tilting.
  • each finger forms with its extension a right angle, the extension being in the vicinity of the bottom of the cavity receiving the flap on the substrate.
  • Each finger can be connected to the substrate by a pivot-type joint which will be positioned at the angle between finger and extension of the finger.
  • Each joint can also be immobilized by a breakable type of locking means which will be broken by the support of the flap.
  • the device may comprise damping means comprising a flexible tongue integral with the substrate and against which the extensions of the fingers will bear when they are pushed by the flyweight at the end of the latter.
  • each finger may carry at its end a tooth which bears against the weight in a safety position of the device, the weight also comprising notches in which the teeth are lodged when the weight tilts the fingers.
  • the figure 1 shows a projectile 1 of medium caliber (caliber less than 50 mm), which comprises a body 2 of axis 2a containing an explosive charge 3.
  • the body 2 receives at its front part a rocket 4 which is screwed into a tapping of the body 2
  • the fuse 4 comprises a housing 8 which contains a firing charge 5.
  • the firing load 5 is intended to be initiated by a pyrotechnic chain comprising a detonator 6 and a relay 7 (alternatively this relay 7 could be omitted and the detonator 6 would then directly initiate the priming charge 5).
  • the detonator 6 is here a percussion detonator which is initiated by a striker 9 slidably mounted in a nose 10 integral with the housing 8 of the rocket 4.
  • the firing pin 9 is projected on the detonator 6.
  • the firing pin is held in place during the storage and firing phases by a shear washer 11.
  • the rocket 4 also contains a security and arming device 12 which makes it possible to interrupt the pyrotechnic chain during the storage and firing phases of the projectile 1.
  • this safety and arming device is made in the form of a micro-machined or micro-engraved device (MEMS). It thus comprises a substrate 13 on which is mounted a sliding shutter 14 which ensures the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain.
  • MEMS micro-machined or micro-engraved device
  • the substrate 13 has two orifices 15a and 15b disposed on either side of the flap 14.
  • the detonator 6 must have the minimum size to ensure operation and it will be coupled to a suitable pyrotechnic relay 7 (or 5).
  • a detonator comprising a 10 milligram output stage of Hexogene coupled to a very insensitive relay, for example in HNS (hexanitrostilbene), it was possible to make orifices 15a, 15b (or transmission) of less than 1 mm 2 section (channel diameter of the order of mm) while guaranteeing the desired initiation transmission.
  • the projectile 1 is also provided with a belt 2b which takes the stripes of the barrel of the weapon (not shown) and which communicates to the projectile 1 a rotational movement about its axis 2a during firing.
  • the figure 2a shows in greater detail the internal structure of a first embodiment of the security and arming device 12 according to the invention.
  • the device therefore comprises a substrate 13 on which is disposed a pyrotechnic chain interruption flap 14 which is movable in translation on the substrate in a cavity 31.
  • the flap 14 is made by micro-machining or micro-etching according to MEMS production techniques which are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • orifices 15a and 15b which are disposed on either side of the flap 14 and the axis 16 of these orifices (thus the direction of action of the pyrotechnic chain).
  • the dimension L of the flap 14 ensures the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain in the safety position of the device 12.
  • the chain interruption flap 14 is held immobilized by two bolts.
  • a first latch 17 (or axial acceleration latch) and a second latch 18 which is a centrifugal latch released as a result of the rotation of the projectile 1.
  • the axial acceleration latch 17 is constituted here by two breakable tabs which connect the flap 14 to the substrate 13 (so-called "break" tabs).
  • the figure 3 shows enlargedly an embodiment of such a tongue 17a.
  • the tabs 17a ensuring the suspension of the flap are oriented so that the axial inertia forces that will exert on the flap 14 when firing the projectile will cause their rupture.
  • the tongues 17a will be dimensioned such that this break only occurs for the inertia forces related to the firing and not during the shocks received by the device during the handling phases or during the logistics operations.
  • the width e of the tongue 17a will thus be calibrated to break during an acceleration of the order of 50000 m / s 2 , which is the order of magnitude of the accelerations experienced by the projectiles of medium caliber (lower caliber or equal to 40mm).
  • the axial acceleration latch 17 may be produced in the form of tongues urged in tension or else tongues stressed in shear or in compression or a combination of several types of tongues.
  • the second latch 18 (or centrifugal latch) comprises at least one tilting locking finger 18a which is interposed between the substrate 13 and the flap 14.
  • the second latch comprises two locking fingers 18a which are symmetrical to one another with respect to a median plane of the device, plane parallel to the direction of displacement 19 of the flap 14.
  • Each finger 18a is substantially oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of movement 19 of the flap 14. It has a thinned end 18b which connects it to the substrate 13 and which constitutes a flexible connection.
  • the finger 18a has a bearing surface 18c which forms a heel against which the flap 14 is applied in its locked position as shown in FIG. figure 2a .
  • the finger 18a further comprises an extension 18d which extends inside a housing 20 arranged inside the flap 14.
  • the housing 20 receives a feeder 21 which slides in this housing 20 under the effect of the centrifugal acceleration.
  • the weight is held in abutment against the bottom 22 of its housing by a compression spring 23 which is also micro etched and which connects a stud 24 (integral with the substrate 13) and the weight 21.
  • the spring 23 penetrates inside a chamber 21a internal to the weight 21.
  • the weight 21 moves in a direction 19 which is the same direction of displacement as that of the flap 14 and which is also a direction perpendicular to the direction of action 16 of the pyrotechnic chain.
  • the axis 19 corresponds to a radial direction of the projectile and the centrifugal inertia can be exerted on the flyweight 21 and the flap 14.
  • the integration of the device in a projectile is therefore extremely simple despite the reduced dimensions for this device 12. Indeed the pyrotechnic alignment of the axis 16 necessarily leads to a correct orientation of the device relative to the projectile.
  • Braking means are provided to slow the movement of the weight 21 and the flap 14.
  • These means comprise reliefs or indentations 25 which are formed on the walls of the housing 20 which are parallel to the direction 19.
  • the indentations 25 cooperate with reliefs or complementary indentations 26 which are integral with the weight 21.
  • the latter comprises indentations 26 symmetrical on each of its faces in contact with the walls of the housing 20.
  • the profile of the indentations is triangular. This profile could have a different shape: rounded or rectangular.
  • the indentations 26 secured to the weight 21 are carried by a flexible tongue 27 integral with the weight 21 and which is delimited by the etching of an opening 28 in the weight 21.
  • the indentations 25 of the shutter are in fact substantially in contact with the lateral faces of the weight. Note that with such a reduced game, a "zigzag" movement of the flyweight 21 (as in known devices) would be impossible. Furthermore, since the indentations carried by each lateral face of the weight are symmetrical, the displacement of the weight 21 is rectilinear in the housing 20.
  • the friction ensures a braking and therefore a delay of the displacement of the weight 21.
  • the figure 2a shows the device in its safe position, the one it has inside the barrel of the weapon before firing.
  • the firing acceleration results in the appearance of an axial inertia force which will cause the tabs 17a of the first latch 17 to break, which releases the flap 14.
  • the flap 14 is, however, always maintained in the safety position by the centrifugal latch 18.
  • the figure 2b shows the device in the position that it adopts after its exit from the tube of the weapon and at a distance of the order of fifteen meters.
  • the centrifugal acceleration has caused the appearance of a radial inertia force acting on the flyweight 21.
  • the flyweight has progressively moved away against the action of the second spring means 23 and being slowed by the friction of the indentations 26 of the weight 21 on those 25 of the housing 20 of the flap 14.
  • the stiffness of the spring means 23, and the braking means 25,26,27 are defined so as to delay the passage of the weight 21 to its unlocked position, so that the configuration according to the figure 2b only intervenes at about fifteen meters from the tube of the weapon. It will be possible to play on the number of indentations 26 carried by the weight 21 and the flexibility of the tabs 27.
  • the weight 21 comprises inclined planes 40 which cooperate with the extensions 18d of the fingers 18a to cause their tilting towards the stud 24.
  • the flap 14 no longer closes the orifices 15a, 15b.
  • the direction of action 16 of the pyrotechnic chain is released and the device is in the armed position. An impact on a target will initiate the explosive charge of the projectile.
  • the flap 14 is locked in its armed position by tabs 29 integral with the substrate 13 and which engage in notches 30 arranged on a side surface of the flap 14 so as to prohibit the return of the latter to its seat. security position.
  • the device according to the invention is extremely simple and compact. It has a totally mechanical structure and can be incorporated into a medium caliber projectile at a lower cost.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to ensure a displacement of the flyweight 21 (thus a timing of the armament) which is not disturbed by the friction on the bolts of the shutter. Indeed, the fingers 18a constituting these locks are released only after complete displacement of the weight.
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to define a sufficiently large arming delay (about fifteen micro seconds) despite a relatively small stroke of the shutter 14.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5c show a second embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • the lock here comprises two locking fingers 18a which have substantially an "L" shape. Each finger 18a thus forms with its extension 18d a right angle. Furthermore, the extension 18d is in the vicinity of the bottom 31a of the cavity 31 of the substrate 13 receiving the flap 14.
  • Each finger 18a is connected to the substrate 13 by a hinge 32 of the pivot type which is positioned at the angle 33 between the finger 18a and the extension 18d of the finger.
  • the hinge 32 is made of course by micro-etching or micro-machining. This operation will be conducted so as to leave a brittle bridge 34 which will play the role of locking means of the finger. This bridge will be broken when the flap 14 will press against the fingers 18a under the effect of the centrifugal acceleration after breaking the first latch 17.
  • each finger 18a bears on a bearing surface 35 arranged on the flap 14.
  • the flap 14 is thus locked in translation by the fingers 18a.
  • the weight 21 comprises as in the previous embodiment indentations 26 carried by a flexible tongue 27 integral with the weight 21 and defined by the etching of an opening 28. These indentations 26 cooperate with indentations 25 carried by the walls of the housing 20 which are parallel to the direction 19 to constitute a braking means for both the movement of the flyweight 21 and that of the flap 14.
  • the front portion 36 of the weight 21 which is intended to come into contact with the extensions 18d of the fingers 18a a here a form of reduced width. Such an arrangement makes it possible to receive the fingers 18a between the weight 21 and the flap 14 when the latter adopts its armed position visible to the figure 5c .
  • a specific means which consists of a flexible tongue 38 which is micro-machined in the substrate 13 and which is delimited by a cavity 39.
  • the figure 5a shows the device in the safety position.
  • the figure 5b shows this device after complete displacement of the flyweight 21, so after the delay provided by the braking means 25, 26,27, but before the displacement of the flap 14.
  • the figure 5c finally shows the device in the unlocked position after displacement of the flap 14.
  • the figure 6a is analogous to the figure 5a and shows the device in the safety position.
  • the figures 6b and 6c correspond to the figures 5b and 5c and show the device during various stages leading to its arming.
  • the lock always comprises two locking fingers 18a which have substantially an "L" shape, but each finger 18a carries at its end a tooth 41 which bears on a lateral edge of the weight 21 in the position of device security ( figure 6a ).
  • the tooth 41 is substantially perpendicular to the finger 18a, therefore parallel to the extension 18d of each finger 18.
  • the weight 21 has notches 42 at its side edges on which the teeth 41 are supported. These notches 42 allow to receive the teeth 41 when the weight 21, at the end of the stroke, tilts the fingers 18a.
  • the flap 14 is unlocked. He can then adopt his armed position visible to the Figure 6c .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The device (12) has a substrate (13) on which a sliding shutter (14) is arranged to assure interruption of a pyrotechnic train. The shutter is immobilized by an axial acceleration lock (17) and a centrifugal lock (18). A swiveling locking finger (18a) is positioned between the substrate and the shutter. A counterweight (21) is arranged in a housing (20) of the shutter, and slides under the effect of centrifugal acceleration. The counterweight comes into contact with a prolongation (18d) of the finger, at the end of stroke, to allow swiveling of the finger to release the centrifugal lock.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des dispositifs de sécurité et d'armement pour une chaîne pyrotechnique d'un projectile et notamment des dispositifs de sécurité et d'armement micro-usinés.The technical field of the invention is that of security and arming devices for a pyrotechnic chain of a projectile and in particular micro-machined security and arming devices.

Les dispositifs de sécurité et d'armement (ou DSA) sont bien connus. Ils comportent généralement un écran obturant un canal de transmission qui relie un détonateur et une charge pyrotechnique.Security and arming devices (or DSAs) are well known. They generally comprise a screen closing a transmission channel which connects a detonator and a pyrotechnic charge.

L'écran s'interpose ainsi sur la transmission de l'onde détonique entre le détonateur et la charge et il empêche le fonctionnement de cette dernière.The screen is thus interposed on the transmission of the detonation wave between the detonator and the load and it prevents the operation of the latter.

Un des problèmes rencontrés avec les dispositifs classiques est leur encombrement. Les pièces sont relativement massives pour pouvoir assurer l'interruption de la chaîne pyrotechnique. Les moyens moteurs permettant de déplacer l'écran doivent donc être puissants. On utilise le plus souvent des ressorts qui restent bandés au cours des phases de stockage, ce qui peut conduire à une dégradation de leurs caractéristiques mécaniques et à une perte de la fiabilité de l'armement.One of the problems encountered with conventional devices is their size. The pieces are relatively massive to be able to ensure the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain. The motor means for moving the screen must be powerful. In most cases, springs are used which remain bandaged during the storage phases, which can lead to a degradation of their mechanical characteristics and to a loss of reliability of the armament.

Depuis quelques années il a été proposé de réaliser tout ou partie des dispositifs de sécurité et d'armement à l'aide de puces incorporant des éléments électro mécaniques micro usinés ou micro gravés, soit dans un élément déposé sur un substrat, soit directement sur le substrat lui-même. Cette technologie connue sous le nom de MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) permet en effet aujourd'hui de réaliser des micro mécanismes en mettant en oeuvre une technique proche de celle permettant de réaliser les circuits intégrés électroniques.In recent years it has been proposed to carry out all or part of the safety and arming devices using chips incorporating electromechanical micro-machined or micro-etched elements, either in an element deposited on a substrate, or directly on the substrate itself. This technology known under the name of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) makes it possible today to achieve micro mechanisms by implementing a technique similar to that for producing electronic integrated circuits.

Le brevet US6964231 décrit un tel dispositif de sécurité et d'armement micro-usiné comportant un volet portant une charge pyrotechnique et coulissant par l'action de la force centrifuge. Ce volet est lui-même immobilisé par un verrou qui est effacé par l'accélération de tir du projectile.The patent US6964231 discloses such a micro-machined security and arming device comprising a flap carrying a pyrotechnic charge and sliding by the action of the force centrifugal. This shutter itself is immobilized by a lock that is erased by the acceleration of firing of the projectile.

Un autre verrou basculant permet de libérer le volet qui est conduit à sa position armée par la force d'inertie centrifuge. Le verrou basculant est actionné par une composition pyrotechnique génératrice de gaz dont l'allumage est commandé par un moyen électronique.Another tilting lock releases the shutter which is led to its armed position by the centrifugal force of inertia. The rocking latch is actuated by a pyrotechnic composition generating gas whose ignition is controlled by an electronic means.

Un tel dispositif de sécurité et d'armement permet d'utiliser pour assurer l'armement deux conditions d'environnement indépendantes : l'accélération longitudinale de tir et l'accélération centrifuge. Cette double sécurité permet à ce dispositif d'être conforme aux normes les plus exigeantes en matière de sécurité d'armement des projectiles (STANAG 4187).Such a safety device and armament allows to use for arming two independent environmental conditions: longitudinal firing acceleration and centrifugal acceleration. This double security allows this device to comply with the highest standards of projectile arming safety (STANAG 4187).

Il est cependant de structure complexe et notamment le deuxième verrou (verrou basculant) nécessite la mise en oeuvre d'une composition pyrotechnique ainsi que des moyens d'initiation de celle ci. Une électronique doit donc être prévue pour piloter le fonctionnement de ce MEMS qui est donc peu adapté à une utilisation dans les munitions de moyen calibre (calibre inférieur à 50 mm) pour lesquelles le volume disponible est limité.However, it is of complex structure and in particular the second latch (rocking latch) requires the implementation of a pyrotechnic composition and means of initiation thereof. An electronics must therefore be provided to control the operation of this MEMS which is therefore unsuitable for use in ammunition of medium caliber (caliber less than 50 mm) for which the available volume is limited.

On a proposé aussi dans le brevet EP2077431 un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement micro usiné dans lequel l'armement est totalement mécanique tout en satisfaisant aux conditions de sécurité les plus exigeantes, nécessitant notamment la présence de deux conditions d'environnement indépendantes pour passer en position armée.It has also been proposed in the patent EP2077431 a micro-machined safety and arming device in which the armament is fully mechanical while satisfying the most demanding safety conditions, requiring in particular the presence of two independent environmental conditions for moving into an armed position.

Ce dispositif de sécurité présente cependant aussi des inconvénients.This safety device, however, also has disadvantages.

Il incorpore une masselotte centrifuge qui assure le maintien d'un verrou engagé dans une empreinte du volet. Le maintien de ce verrou par la masselotte et pendant toute la course de cette dernière engendre des frottements qui perturbent le mouvement de la masselotte, donc la temporisation d'armement centrifuge.It incorporates a centrifugal feeder that maintains a latch engaged in a flap footprint. The maintenance of this lock by the weight and throughout the race of the latter generates friction that disturb the movement of the flyweight, so the delay of centrifugal arming.

L'invention a pour but de proposer un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement micro usiné, ne présentant pas un tel inconvénient. Le dispositif proposé par l'invention permet d'assurer une libération du volet comme suite au déplacement d'une masselotte centrifuge mais sans que le verrou ne perturbe le déplacement de ladite masselotte.The object of the invention is to propose a micro-machined safety and arming device that does not have such a disadvantage. The device proposed by the invention makes it possible to ensure a release of the shutter as a result of the displacement of a centrifugal feeder but without the lock disrupting the movement of said feeder.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement micro-usiné ou micro-gravé pour une chaîne pyrotechnique d'un projectile qui est animé lors du tir d'un mouvement de rotation axiale, dispositif comprenant un substrat sur lequel est disposé un volet d'interruption de chaîne pyrotechnique qui est mobile en translation sur le substrat, dispositif dans lequel le volet d'interruption de chaîne est maintenu immobilisé par au moins deux verrous, un premier verrou (ou verrou d'accélération axiale) qui est libéré comme suite à l'application de l'accélération communiquée au projectile lors du tir et un deuxième verrou qui est un verrou centrifuge libéré comme suite à la rotation du projectile, dispositif caractérisé en ce que le deuxième verrou comprend au moins un doigt de verrouillage basculant qui est interposé entre le substrat et le volet, doigt orienté suivant une direction parallèle au sens de déplacement du volet et comportant une surface d'appui contre laquelle s'applique le volet en position verrouillée, le doigt comportant par ailleurs un prolongement, et le dispositif incorporant une masselotte disposée dans un logement du volet et coulissante sous l'effet de l'accélération centrifuge et venant en contact à la fin de sa course avec le prolongement du doigt pour provoquer le basculement de ce dernier, donc la libération du deuxième verrou.Thus, the subject of the invention is a micro-machined or micro-engraved security and arming device for a pyrotechnic chain of a projectile which is animated when firing an axial rotational movement, a device comprising a substrate on which is provided a pyrotechnic chain interruption flap which is movable in translation on the substrate, in which device the chain interruption flap is held immobilized by at least two bolts, a first latch (or axial acceleration latch) which is released as a result of the application of the acceleration communicated to the projectile during firing and a second latch which is a centrifugal latch released as a result of the rotation of the projectile, characterized in that the second latch comprises at least one finger of tilting lock which is interposed between the substrate and the flap, finger oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the flap and comprising a surface e support against which applies the shutter in the locked position, the finger further comprising an extension, and the device incorporating a feeder disposed in a housing of the shutter and sliding under the effect of the centrifugal acceleration and coming into contact at the end of its stroke with the extension of the finger to cause the tilting of the latter, so the release of the second lock.

Avantageusement, le deuxième verrou comporte deux doigts de verrouillage symétriques l'un de l'autre par rapport à un plan médian du dispositif parallèle au sens de déplacement du volet.Advantageously, the second lock comprises two locking fingers symmetrical to one another with respect to a median plane of the device parallel to the direction of movement of the flap.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le prolongement de chaque doigt s'étend à l'intérieur du logement de masselotte, cette dernière comportant par ailleurs des plans inclinés qui coopèrent avec les prolongements des doigts pour provoquer leur basculement.According to one embodiment, the extension of each finger extends inside the feeder housing, the latter also having inclined planes which cooperate with the extensions of the fingers to cause their tilting.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, chaque doigt forme avec son prolongement un angle droit, le prolongement se trouvant au voisinage du fond de la cavité recevant le volet sur le substrat.According to another embodiment, each finger forms with its extension a right angle, the extension being in the vicinity of the bottom of the cavity receiving the flap on the substrate.

Chaque doigt pourra être relié au substrat par une articulation de type pivot qui se trouvera positionnée au niveau de l'angle séparant doigt et prolongement du doigt.Each finger can be connected to the substrate by a pivot-type joint which will be positioned at the angle between finger and extension of the finger.

Chaque articulation pourra par ailleurs être immobilisée par un moyen de verrouillage de type cassable qui sera rompu par l'appui du volet.Each joint can also be immobilized by a breakable type of locking means which will be broken by the support of the flap.

Selon une variante, le dispositif pourra comporter un moyen amortisseur comprenant une languette flexible solidaire du substrat et contre laquelle les prolongements des doigts viendront en appui lorsqu'ils seront poussés par la masselotte en fin de course de cette dernière.According to one variant, the device may comprise damping means comprising a flexible tongue integral with the substrate and against which the extensions of the fingers will bear when they are pushed by the flyweight at the end of the latter.

Selon une autre variante, chaque doigt pourra porter à son extrémité une dent qui vient en appui sur la masselotte dans une position de sécurité du dispositif, la masselotte comportant par ailleurs des entailles dans lesquelles se logent les dents lorsque la masselotte fait basculer les doigts.According to another variant, each finger may carry at its end a tooth which bears against the weight in a safety position of the device, the weight also comprising notches in which the teeth are lodged when the weight tilts the fingers.

D'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un projectile de moyen calibre équipé d'une fusée incorporant un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2a est une vue d'un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon l'invention dans sa position de sécurité,
  • les figures 2b et 2c montrent ce même dispositif au cours des différentes étapes conduisant à son armement,
  • la figure 3 est une vue agrandie d'un exemple de réalisation du premier verrou,
  • la figure 4 est une vue agrandie d'un moyen de ralentissement du déplacement de la masselotte,
  • la figure 5a est une vue d'un second mode de réalisation du dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon l'invention dans sa position de sécurité,
  • les figures 5b et 5c montrent ce même dispositif au cours des différentes étapes conduisant à son armement,
  • la figure 6a montre une variante du second mode de réalisation du dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon l'invention dans sa position de sécurité,
  • les figures 6b et 6c montrent cette même variante au cours des différentes étapes conduisant à son armement.
Other advantages will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments, a description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a medium-caliber projectile equipped with a rocket incorporating a security and arming device according to the invention,
  • the figure 2a is a view of a first embodiment of the security and arming device according to the invention in its security position,
  • the figures 2b and 2c show this same device during the various stages leading to its armament,
  • the figure 3 is an enlarged view of an exemplary embodiment of the first lock,
  • the figure 4 is an enlarged view of a means of slowing the displacement of the weight,
  • the figure 5a is a view of a second embodiment of the security and arming device according to the invention in its security position,
  • the figures 5b and 5c show this same device during the various stages leading to its armament,
  • the figure 6a shows a variant of the second embodiment of the safety and arming device according to the invention in its safety position,
  • the figures 6b and 6c show this same variant during the various stages leading to its armament.

La figure 1 montre un projectile 1 de moyen calibre (calibre inférieur à 50 mm), qui comprend un corps 2 d'axe 2a renfermant un chargement explosif 3. Le corps 2 reçoit à sa partie avant une fusée 4 qui est vissée dans un taraudage du corps 2. La fusée 4 comprend un boîtier 8 qui renferme une charge d'amorçage 5. La charge d'amorçage 5 est destinée à être initiée par une chaîne pyrotechnique comprenant un détonateur 6 et un relais 7 (alternativement ce relais 7 pourrait être omis et le détonateur 6 initierait alors directement la charge d'amorçage 5). Le détonateur 6 est ici un détonateur à percussion qui est initié par un percuteur 9 monté coulissant dans un nez 10 solidaire du boîtier 8 de la fusée 4. Lors de l'impact du projectile 1 sur une cible, le percuteur 9 est projeté sur le détonateur 6. Le percuteur est maintenu en place lors des phases de stockage et de tir par une rondelle cisaillable 11.The figure 1 shows a projectile 1 of medium caliber (caliber less than 50 mm), which comprises a body 2 of axis 2a containing an explosive charge 3. The body 2 receives at its front part a rocket 4 which is screwed into a tapping of the body 2 The fuse 4 comprises a housing 8 which contains a firing charge 5. The firing load 5 is intended to be initiated by a pyrotechnic chain comprising a detonator 6 and a relay 7 (alternatively this relay 7 could be omitted and the detonator 6 would then directly initiate the priming charge 5). The detonator 6 is here a percussion detonator which is initiated by a striker 9 slidably mounted in a nose 10 integral with the housing 8 of the rocket 4. Upon the impact of the projectile 1 on a target, the firing pin 9 is projected on the detonator 6. The firing pin is held in place during the storage and firing phases by a shear washer 11.

Il est bien entendu possible de mettre en oeuvre le dispositif selon l'invention avec un détonateur 6 électrique commandé par exemple par un moyen électronique de chronométrie ou un détecteur de proximité.It is of course possible to implement the device according to the invention with an electric detonator 6 controlled for example by an electronic chronometry means or a proximity detector.

La fusée 4 renferme également un dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 12 qui permet d'interrompre la chaîne pyrotechnique au cours des phases de stockage et de début de tir du projectile 1.The rocket 4 also contains a security and arming device 12 which makes it possible to interrupt the pyrotechnic chain during the storage and firing phases of the projectile 1.

Conformément à l'invention, ce dispositif de sécurité et d'armement est réalisé sous la forme d'un dispositif micro-usiné ou micro-gravé (MEMS). Il comprend ainsi un substrat 13 sur lequel est monté un volet coulissant 14 qui assure l'interruption de la chaîne pyrotechnique.According to the invention, this safety and arming device is made in the form of a micro-machined or micro-engraved device (MEMS). It thus comprises a substrate 13 on which is mounted a sliding shutter 14 which ensures the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain.

Le substrat 13 comporte deux orifices 15a et 15b disposés de part et d'autre du volet 14. L'axe de ces orifices 15a, 15b, donc la direction d'action de la chaîne pyrotechnique (6-7), est ainsi sensiblement parallèle au plan du volet 14. Cet axe est aussi confondu avec l'axe 2a du projectile.The substrate 13 has two orifices 15a and 15b disposed on either side of the flap 14. The axis of these orifices 15a, 15b, therefore the direction of action of the pyrotechnic chain (6-7), is thus substantially parallel in the plane of the flap 14. This axis is also coincident with the axis 2a of the projectile.

Une telle disposition d'un volet d'interruption de chaîne pyrotechnique de telle sorte que la direction de la chaîne pyrotechnique se trouve en regard de l'épaisseur du volet 14 et non perpendiculaire au plan du volet (comme dans les dispositifs MEMS habituels) est connue notamment du brevet EP1780496 .Such an arrangement of a pyrotechnic chain interruption flap so that the direction of the pyrotechnic chain is opposite the thickness of the flap 14 and not perpendicular to the plane of the flap (as in the usual MEMS devices) is known in particular from the patent EP1780496 .

L'Homme du Métier se reportera à ce brevet qui décrit les caractéristiques générales d'un tel type de chaîne d'amorçage et du volet qui lui est associé.Those skilled in the art will refer to this patent which describes the general characteristics of such a type of priming chain and the shutter associated therewith.

On note ainsi que le détonateur 6 devra avoir la taille minimale permettant d'assurer le fonctionnement et il sera couplé à un relais pyrotechnique 7 (ou 5) approprié. On a pu vérifier qu'en mettant en oeuvre un détonateur comportant un étage de sortie de 10 milligrammes d'Hexogène couplé à un relais très peu sensible, par exemple en HNS (hexanitrostilbène), il était possible de réaliser des orifices 15a, 15b (ou canaux de transmission) de moins de 1 mm2 de section (diamètre de canal de l'ordre du mm) tout en garantissant la transmission d'initiation souhaitée.It should be noted that the detonator 6 must have the minimum size to ensure operation and it will be coupled to a suitable pyrotechnic relay 7 (or 5). We could verify that by using a detonator comprising a 10 milligram output stage of Hexogene coupled to a very insensitive relay, for example in HNS (hexanitrostilbene), it was possible to make orifices 15a, 15b (or transmission) of less than 1 mm 2 section (channel diameter of the order of mm) while guaranteeing the desired initiation transmission.

Il est ainsi possible d'assurer une interruption de l'effet pyrotechnique avec un volet de silicium ayant une longueur L de l'ordre de 3 mm ce qui est tout à fait réalisable avec les technologie MEMS. Cette longueur de silicium de l'ordre de 3mm correspond donc ici à la dimension L du volet 14 repérée sur les figures 1 et 2a.It is thus possible to ensure an interruption of the pyrotechnic effect with a silicon flap having a length L of the order of 3 mm which is quite feasible with MEMS technology. This length of silicon of the order of 3 mm therefore corresponds here to the dimension L of the flap 14 identified on the figures 1 and 2a .

Le projectile 1 est par ailleurs doté d'une ceinture 2b qui prend les rayures du tube de l'arme (non représenté) et qui communique au projectile 1 un mouvement de rotation autour de son axe 2a lors du tir.The projectile 1 is also provided with a belt 2b which takes the stripes of the barrel of the weapon (not shown) and which communicates to the projectile 1 a rotational movement about its axis 2a during firing.

La figure 2a montre de façon plus détaillée la structure interne d'un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif de sécurité et d'armement 12 selon l'invention.The figure 2a shows in greater detail the internal structure of a first embodiment of the security and arming device 12 according to the invention.

Le dispositif comprend donc un substrat 13 sur lequel est disposé un volet 14 d'interruption de chaîne pyrotechnique qui est mobile en translation sur le substrat dans une cavité 31.The device therefore comprises a substrate 13 on which is disposed a pyrotechnic chain interruption flap 14 which is movable in translation on the substrate in a cavity 31.

Le volet 14 est réalisé par micro-usinage ou micro-gravure suivant les techniques de réalisation des MEMS qui sont bien connues de l'Homme du Métier.The flap 14 is made by micro-machining or micro-etching according to MEMS production techniques which are well known to those skilled in the art.

On a représenté sur les figures les orifices 15a et 15b qui sont disposés de part et d'autre du volet 14 ainsi que l'axe 16 de ces orifices (donc la direction d'action de la chaîne pyrotechnique). La dimension L du volet 14 assure l'interruption de la chaîne pyrotechnique dans la position de sécurité du dispositif 12.There is shown in the figures the orifices 15a and 15b which are disposed on either side of the flap 14 and the axis 16 of these orifices (thus the direction of action of the pyrotechnic chain). The dimension L of the flap 14 ensures the interruption of the pyrotechnic chain in the safety position of the device 12.

Le volet 14 d'interruption de chaîne est maintenu immobilisé par deux verrous.The chain interruption flap 14 is held immobilized by two bolts.

Un premier verrou 17 (ou verrou d'accélération axiale) et un deuxième verrou 18 qui est un verrou centrifuge libéré comme suite à la rotation du projectile 1.A first latch 17 (or axial acceleration latch) and a second latch 18 which is a centrifugal latch released as a result of the rotation of the projectile 1.

Le verrou d'accélération axiale 17 est constitué ici par deux languettes cassables qui relient le volet 14 au substrat 13 (languettes dites "à rupture"). La figure 3 montre de façon agrandie un exemple de réalisation d'une telle languette 17a. Les languettes 17a assurant la suspension du volet sont orientées de telle sorte que les efforts d'inertie axiaux qui s'exerceront sur le volet 14 lors du tir du projectile provoqueront leur rupture. Par ailleurs les languettes 17a seront dimensionnées de telle sorte que cette rupture n'intervienne que pour les efforts d'inertie liés au tir et non lors des chocs reçus par le dispositif lors des phases de manipulation ou bien au cours des opérations logistiques.The axial acceleration latch 17 is constituted here by two breakable tabs which connect the flap 14 to the substrate 13 (so-called "break" tabs). The figure 3 shows enlargedly an embodiment of such a tongue 17a. The tabs 17a ensuring the suspension of the flap are oriented so that the axial inertia forces that will exert on the flap 14 when firing the projectile will cause their rupture. In addition, the tongues 17a will be dimensioned such that this break only occurs for the inertia forces related to the firing and not during the shocks received by the device during the handling phases or during the logistics operations.

La largeur e de la languette 17a sera ainsi calibrée pour se rompre lors d'une accélération de l'ordre de 50000 m/s2, ce qui est l'ordre de grandeur des accélérations subies par les projectiles de moyen calibre (calibre inférieur ou égal à 40mm).The width e of the tongue 17a will thus be calibrated to break during an acceleration of the order of 50000 m / s 2 , which is the order of magnitude of the accelerations experienced by the projectiles of medium caliber (lower caliber or equal to 40mm).

Suivant l'architecture du dispositif 12 on pourra réaliser le verrou d'accélération axiale 17 sous la forme de languettes sollicitées en traction ou bien de languettes sollicitées en cisaillement ou en compression ou encore d'une combinaison de plusieurs types de languettes.Depending on the architecture of the device 12, the axial acceleration latch 17 may be produced in the form of tongues urged in tension or else tongues stressed in shear or in compression or a combination of several types of tongues.

Le fait de réaliser le premier verrou sous la forme de languettes cassables permet de rendre le dispositif plus compact. On n'est plus en effet obligé de définir un mécanisme de verrouillage spécifique associant verrous et ressorts de rappel. La simplification du mécanisme rend également le dispositif plus fiable. Cette solution est particulièrement bien adaptée au domaine des projectiles de moyen calibre pour lequel la réversibilité du fonctionnement du dispositif (retour en position de sécurité) ne se pose pas.Making the first lock in the form of breakable tabs makes the device more compact. It is no longer necessary to define a specific locking mechanism associating locks and return springs. The simplification of the mechanism also makes the device more reliable. This solution is particularly well adapted to the field of medium caliber projectiles for which the reversibility of the operation of the device (return to safety position) does not arise.

Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, le deuxième verrou 18 (ou verrou centrifuge) comprend au moins un doigt de verrouillage 18a basculant qui est interposé entre le substrat 13 et le volet 14.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the second latch 18 (or centrifugal latch) comprises at least one tilting locking finger 18a which is interposed between the substrate 13 and the flap 14.

Plus particulièrement, le deuxième verrou comporte deux doigts de verrouillage 18a qui sont symétriques l'un de l'autre par rapport à un plan médian du dispositif, plan parallèle à la direction de déplacement 19 du volet 14.More particularly, the second latch comprises two locking fingers 18a which are symmetrical to one another with respect to a median plane of the device, plane parallel to the direction of displacement 19 of the flap 14.

Chaque doigt 18a est sensiblement orienté suivant une direction parallèle à la direction de déplacement 19 du volet 14. Il comporte une extrémité amincie 18b qui le relie au substrat 13 et qui constitue une liaison flexible. Le doigt 18a comporte une surface d'appui 18c qui forme un talon contre lequel s'applique le volet 14 dans sa position verrouillée telle que représentée à la figure 2a.Each finger 18a is substantially oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of movement 19 of the flap 14. It has a thinned end 18b which connects it to the substrate 13 and which constitutes a flexible connection. The finger 18a has a bearing surface 18c which forms a heel against which the flap 14 is applied in its locked position as shown in FIG. figure 2a .

Le doigt 18a comporte par ailleurs un prolongement 18d qui s'étend à l'intérieur d'un logement 20 aménagé à l'intérieur du volet 14.The finger 18a further comprises an extension 18d which extends inside a housing 20 arranged inside the flap 14.

Le logement 20 reçoit une masselotte 21 qui coulisse dans ce logement 20 sous l'effet de l'accélération centrifuge. La masselotte est maintenue en appui contre le fond 22 de son logement par un ressort de compression 23 qui est lui aussi micro gravé et qui relie un plot 24 (solidaire du substrat 13) et la masselotte 21.The housing 20 receives a feeder 21 which slides in this housing 20 under the effect of the centrifugal acceleration. The weight is held in abutment against the bottom 22 of its housing by a compression spring 23 which is also micro etched and which connects a stud 24 (integral with the substrate 13) and the weight 21.

Comme on le voit sur les figures, le ressort 23 pénètre à l'intérieur d'une chambre 21a interne à la masselotte 21.As can be seen in the figures, the spring 23 penetrates inside a chamber 21a internal to the weight 21.

Comme cela était déjà le cas dans le brevet EP2077431 , la masselotte 21 se déplace suivant une direction 19 qui est la même direction de déplacement que celle du volet 14 et qui est aussi une direction perpendiculaire à la direction d'action 16 de la chaîne pyrotechnique.As was already the case in the patent EP2077431 , the weight 21 moves in a direction 19 which is the same direction of displacement as that of the flap 14 and which is also a direction perpendicular to the direction of action 16 of the pyrotechnic chain.

Lorsque le dispositif est mis en place dans un projectile, l'axe 19 correspond donc à une direction radiale du projectile et l'inertie centrifuge pourra s'exercer sur la masselotte 21 et le volet 14. L'intégration du dispositif dans un projectile est donc extrêmement simple malgré les dimensions réduites pour ce dispositif 12. En effet l'alignement pyrotechnique de l'axe 16 conduit obligatoirement à une orientation correcte du dispositif par rapport au projectile.When the device is placed in a projectile, the axis 19 corresponds to a radial direction of the projectile and the centrifugal inertia can be exerted on the flyweight 21 and the flap 14. The integration of the device in a projectile is therefore extremely simple despite the reduced dimensions for this device 12. Indeed the pyrotechnic alignment of the axis 16 necessarily leads to a correct orientation of the device relative to the projectile.

Des moyens de freinage sont prévus pour ralentir le déplacement de la masselotte 21 ainsi que celui du volet 14.Braking means are provided to slow the movement of the weight 21 and the flap 14.

Ces moyens comprennent des reliefs ou indentations 25 qui sont réalisées sur les parois du logement 20 qui sont parallèles à la direction 19. Les indentations 25 coopèrent avec des reliefs ou indentations complémentaires 26 qui sont solidaires de la masselotte 21. Cette dernière comporte des indentations 26 symétriques sur chacune de ses faces en contact avec les parois du logement 20. Ici le profil des indentations est triangulaire. Ce profil pourrait avoir une forme différente : arrondie ou rectangulaire.These means comprise reliefs or indentations 25 which are formed on the walls of the housing 20 which are parallel to the direction 19. The indentations 25 cooperate with reliefs or complementary indentations 26 which are integral with the weight 21. The latter comprises indentations 26 symmetrical on each of its faces in contact with the walls of the housing 20. Here the profile of the indentations is triangular. This profile could have a different shape: rounded or rectangular.

Comme on le voit mieux sur la figure 4, les indentations 26 solidaires de la masselotte 21 sont portées par une languette flexible 27 solidaire de la masselotte 21 et qui est délimitée par la gravure d'une ouverture 28 dans la masselotte 21.As we see best on the figure 4 the indentations 26 secured to the weight 21 are carried by a flexible tongue 27 integral with the weight 21 and which is delimited by the etching of an opening 28 in the weight 21.

Lorsque la masselotte 21 se déplace (flèche D) comme suite aux efforts d'inertie associés à l'accélération centrifuge, les indentations 25 du volet 14 poussent les indentations 26 de la masselotte 21. Les efforts de frottement qui en résultent provoquent un fléchissement de la languette 27 qui écarte, suivant une direction perpendiculaire à la direction D (flèche F), les indentations 26 d'avec les indentations 25 du volet 14. Le déplacement de la masselotte est donc rendu possible grâce à la souplesse des languettes 27 situées de part et d'autre de la masselotte 21 alors que le jeu entre la masselotte 21 et son logement 20 est pourtant réduit.When the weight 21 moves (arrow D) as a result of the inertial forces associated with the centrifugal acceleration, the indentations 25 of the flap 14 push the indentations 26 of the flyweight 21. The resulting frictional forces cause a deflection of the tongue 27 which spreads, in a direction perpendicular to the direction D (arrow F), the indentations 26 of the indentations 25 of the flap 14. The movement of the feeder is made possible thanks to the flexibility of the tabs 27 located on either side of the weight 21 while the clearance between the weight 21 and its housing 20 is however reduced.

Les indentations 25 du volet sont en effet pratiquement en contact avec les faces latérales de la masselotte. On notera que, avec un tel jeu réduit, un déplacement "en zigzag" de la masselotte 21 (comme dans les dispositifs connus) serait impossible. Par ailleurs, les indentations portées par chaque face latérale de la masselotte étant symétriques, le déplacement de la masselotte 21 se fait de façon rectiligne dans le logement 20.The indentations 25 of the shutter are in fact substantially in contact with the lateral faces of the weight. Note that with such a reduced game, a "zigzag" movement of the flyweight 21 (as in known devices) would be impossible. Furthermore, since the indentations carried by each lateral face of the weight are symmetrical, the displacement of the weight 21 is rectilinear in the housing 20.

Le frottement assure un freinage donc une temporisation du déplacement de la masselotte 21.The friction ensures a braking and therefore a delay of the displacement of the weight 21.

Ce ralentissement du déplacement de la masselotte 21 permet de ralentir l'effacement des verrous centrifuges 18. On assure ainsi une sécurité de bouche lors du tir. L'armement du dispositif 12 n'interviendra qu'après le parcours d'une certaine distance après la sortie du tube de l'arme.This slowing of the displacement of the weight 21 slows down the erasure of the centrifugal latches 18. This ensures a muzzle safety during firing. The arming device 12 will intervene after the course of a certain distance after the exit of the tube of the weapon.

A titre de variante, et d'une façon symétrique, il serait bien entendu possible de réaliser sur la masselotte 21 des indentations fixes et de prévoir sur le volet 14 des indentations solidaires d'une languette flexible.Alternatively, and symmetrically, it would of course be possible to achieve on the flyweight 21 fixed indentations and to provide the flap 14 indentations integral with a flexible tongue.

Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif va maintenant être décrit en référence aux figures 2a à 2c.The operation of this device will now be described with reference to Figures 2a to 2c .

La figure 2a montre le dispositif dans sa position de sécurité, celle qu'il a à l'intérieur du tube de l'arme avant le tir.The figure 2a shows the device in its safe position, the one it has inside the barrel of the weapon before firing.

Comme cela a déjà été décrit précédemment, l'accélération de tir entraîne l'apparition d'une force d'inertie axiale qui va provoquer la rupture des languettes 17a du premier verrou 17, ce qui libère le volet 14.As already described above, the firing acceleration results in the appearance of an axial inertia force which will cause the tabs 17a of the first latch 17 to break, which releases the flap 14.

Le volet 14 est cependant toujours maintenu en position de sécurité par le verrou centrifuge 18. On pourra prévoir des barrettes de verrouillage cassables (non représentées) qui empêcheront le déplacement des doigts 18a comme suite aux accélérations axiales lors du tir. Ces barrettes de verrouillage seront orientées de façon à être rompues par le déplacement du volet 14 ou de la masselotte 21.The flap 14 is, however, always maintained in the safety position by the centrifugal latch 18. There may be provided breakable locking bars (not shown) which will prevent the movement of the fingers 18a as a result of axial accelerations during firing. These locking bars will be oriented so as to be broken by the displacement of the flap 14 or the flyweight 21.

La figure 2b montre le dispositif dans la position qu'il adopte après sa sortie du tube de l'arme et à une distance de l'ordre d'une quinzaine de mètres.The figure 2b shows the device in the position that it adopts after its exit from the tube of the weapon and at a distance of the order of fifteen meters.

L'accélération centrifuge a entraîné l'apparition d'une force d'inertie radiale qui s'exerce sur la masselotte 21. La masselotte s'est progressivement écartée contre l'action du deuxième moyen ressort 23 et en étant ralentie par le frottement des indentations 26 de la masselotte 21 sur celles 25 du logement 20 du volet 14.The centrifugal acceleration has caused the appearance of a radial inertia force acting on the flyweight 21. The flyweight has progressively moved away against the action of the second spring means 23 and being slowed by the friction of the indentations 26 of the weight 21 on those 25 of the housing 20 of the flap 14.

La raideur du moyen ressort 23, et les moyens de freinage 25,26,27 sont définis de façon à retarder le passage de la masselotte 21 à sa position déverrouillée, de telle sorte que la configuration selon la figure 2b n'intervienne qu'à une quinzaine de mètres du tube de l'arme. On pourra notamment jouer sur le nombre d'indentations 26 portées par la masselotte 21 et sur la souplesse des languettes 27.The stiffness of the spring means 23, and the braking means 25,26,27 are defined so as to delay the passage of the weight 21 to its unlocked position, so that the configuration according to the figure 2b only intervenes at about fifteen meters from the tube of the weapon. It will be possible to play on the number of indentations 26 carried by the weight 21 and the flexibility of the tabs 27.

On voit sur la figure 2b que la masselotte 21 comporte des plans inclinés 40 qui coopèrent avec les prolongements 18d des doigts 18a pour provoquer leur basculement vers le plot 24.We see on the figure 2b that the weight 21 comprises inclined planes 40 which cooperate with the extensions 18d of the fingers 18a to cause their tilting towards the stud 24.

On voit sur la figure 2b que lorsque les doigts 18a sont en appui contre les faces latérales inclinées 24a du plot 24 la masselotte 21 se trouve immobilisée. Le ressort 23 permet d'amortir le choc de la masselotte 21 qui arrive en butée contre le plot 24 par l'intermédiaire des doigts 18a.We see on the figure 2b when the fingers 18a bear against the inclined side faces 24a of the stud 24 the weight 21 is immobilized. The spring 23 damps the impact of the weight 21 which abuts against the stud 24 via the fingers 18a.

Les doigts 18a ayant pivoté, le volet 14 ne se trouve plus verrouillé et il se déplace alors suivant la direction 19 par l'effet des forces d'inertie centrifuges qui s'exercent sur lui.The fingers 18a having pivoted, the flap 14 is no longer locked and it then moves in the direction 19 by the effect of the centrifugal forces of inertia which are exerted on him.

Ce déplacement du volet est temporisé grâce aux indentations 26 et 25, la souplesse des languettes 27 autorise un tel déplacement temporisé suivant le même mécanisme que celui mis en oeuvre lors du déplacement de la masselotte 21.This displacement of the shutter is delayed thanks to the indentations 26 and 25, the flexibility of the tongues 27 allows such a delayed movement according to the same mechanism as that implemented during the displacement of the weight 21.

A l'issue de ce déplacement, le volet 14 adopte sa position déverrouillée (figure 2c).At the end of this displacement, the flap 14 adopts its unlocked position ( Figure 2c ).

Le volet 14 n'obture plus les orifices 15a, 15b. La direction d'action 16 de la chaîne pyrotechnique est donc libérée et le dispositif est en position armée. Un impact sur une cible entraînera l'initiation de la charge explosive du projectile.The flap 14 no longer closes the orifices 15a, 15b. The direction of action 16 of the pyrotechnic chain is released and the device is in the armed position. An impact on a target will initiate the explosive charge of the projectile.

On notera que le volet 14 se trouve verrouillé dans sa position armée par des languettes 29 solidaires du substrat 13 et qui viennent s'engager dans des encoches 30 aménagées sur une surface latérale du volet 14 de façon à interdire le retour de ce dernier à sa position de sécurité.Note that the flap 14 is locked in its armed position by tabs 29 integral with the substrate 13 and which engage in notches 30 arranged on a side surface of the flap 14 so as to prohibit the return of the latter to its seat. security position.

On voit que le dispositif selon l'invention est extrêmement simple et peu encombrant. Il a une structure totalement mécanique et il peut être incorporé à un projectile de moyen calibre à moindre coût.We see that the device according to the invention is extremely simple and compact. It has a totally mechanical structure and can be incorporated into a medium caliber projectile at a lower cost.

On remarque également que le dispositif selon l'invention permet d'assurer un déplacement de la masselotte 21 (donc une temporisation de l'armement) qui n'est pas perturbé par les frottements sur les verrous du volet. En effet, les doigts 18a constituant ces verrous ne sont libérés qu'à l'issue du déplacement complet de la masselotte.It is also noted that the device according to the invention makes it possible to ensure a displacement of the flyweight 21 (thus a timing of the armament) which is not disturbed by the friction on the bolts of the shutter. Indeed, the fingers 18a constituting these locks are released only after complete displacement of the weight.

Par ailleurs le dispositif selon l'invention permet de définir un retard d'armement suffisamment important (une quinzaine de micro secondes) malgré une course du volet 14 relativement réduite.Furthermore, the device according to the invention makes it possible to define a sufficiently large arming delay (about fifteen micro seconds) despite a relatively small stroke of the shutter 14.

Les figures 5a à 5c montrent un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention.The Figures 5a to 5c show a second embodiment of a device according to the invention.

Ce dispositif diffère du précédent par le mode de réalisation du deuxième verrou 18. Selon ce mode le verrou comprend ici deux doigts de verrouillage 18a qui ont sensiblement une forme en "L". Chaque doigt 18a forme ainsi avec son prolongement 18d un angle droit. Par ailleurs le prolongement 18d se trouve au voisinage du fond 31a de la cavité 31 du substrat 13 recevant le volet 14.This device differs from the previous by the embodiment of the second latch 18. In this mode the lock here comprises two locking fingers 18a which have substantially an "L" shape. Each finger 18a thus forms with its extension 18d a right angle. Furthermore, the extension 18d is in the vicinity of the bottom 31a of the cavity 31 of the substrate 13 receiving the flap 14.

Chaque doigt 18a est relié au substrat 13 par une articulation 32 de type pivot qui se trouve positionnée au niveau de l'angle 33 séparant le doigt 18a et le prolongement 18d du doigt.Each finger 18a is connected to the substrate 13 by a hinge 32 of the pivot type which is positioned at the angle 33 between the finger 18a and the extension 18d of the finger.

L'articulation 32 est réalisée bien entendu par micro-gravage ou micro-usinage. Cette opération sera conduite de façon à laisser subsister un pont 34 cassable qui jouera le rôle de moyen de verrouillage du doigt considéré. Ce pont sera rompu lorsque le volet 14 appuiera contre les doigts 18a sous l'effet de l'accélération centrifuge après rupture du premier verrou 17.The hinge 32 is made of course by micro-etching or micro-machining. This operation will be conducted so as to leave a brittle bridge 34 which will play the role of locking means of the finger. This bridge will be broken when the flap 14 will press against the fingers 18a under the effect of the centrifugal acceleration after breaking the first latch 17.

On voit sur la figure 5a que l'extrémité de chaque doigt 18a vient en appui sur une portée 35 aménagée sur le volet 14. Le volet 14 se trouve donc verrouillé en translation par les doigts 18a.We see on the figure 5a that the end of each finger 18a bears on a bearing surface 35 arranged on the flap 14. The flap 14 is thus locked in translation by the fingers 18a.

La masselotte 21 comporte comme dans le mode de réalisation précédent des indentations 26 portées par une languette flexible 27 solidaire de la masselotte 21 et délimitée par la gravure d'une ouverture 28. Ces indentations 26 coopèrent avec des indentations 25 portées par les parois du logement 20 qui sont parallèles à la direction 19 pour constituer un moyen de freinage tant du déplacement de la masselotte 21 que de celui du volet 14.The weight 21 comprises as in the previous embodiment indentations 26 carried by a flexible tongue 27 integral with the weight 21 and defined by the etching of an opening 28. These indentations 26 cooperate with indentations 25 carried by the walls of the housing 20 which are parallel to the direction 19 to constitute a braking means for both the movement of the flyweight 21 and that of the flap 14.

La partie avant 36 de la masselotte 21 qui est destinée à venir en contact avec les prolongements 18d des doigts 18a a ici une forme de largeur réduite. Une telle disposition permet de recevoir les doigts 18a entre masselotte 21 et volet 14 lorsque ce dernier adopte sa position armée visible à la figure 5c.The front portion 36 of the weight 21 which is intended to come into contact with the extensions 18d of the fingers 18a a here a form of reduced width. Such an arrangement makes it possible to receive the fingers 18a between the weight 21 and the flap 14 when the latter adopts its armed position visible to the figure 5c .

On remarque que, contrairement au mode de réalisation précédent, il n'est pas prévu ici de ressort de compression. Le dispositif de sécurité et d'armement étant irréversible, un ressort de rappel n'est en effet pas nécessaire. La fonction principale du ressort était d'assurer un amortissement du choc de la masselotte 21 sur les doigts 18d lors de l'armement. L'immobilisation en position de sécurité est assurée ici par la raideur des languettes 27 qui maintiennent les indentations 26 engagées dans les indentations 25. Suivant les contraintes de conception rencontrées, il sera possible de prévoir un verrou cassable de structure analogue à celle des verrous inertiels 17 mais interposé entre la masselotte 21 et le volet 14. Ce verrou comportera ainsi une languette orientée de façon à subir les efforts liés à l'accélération axiale et dimensionnée pour se rompre pour le niveau d'accélération rencontré pour le projectile considéré. A titre d'exemple on a fait apparaître à la figure 5a un tel verrou cassable 37.Note that, unlike the previous embodiment, it is not provided here compression spring. The safety and arming device being irreversible, a return spring is indeed not necessary. The main function of the spring was to ensure damping of the impact of the weight 21 on the fingers 18d during arming. The immobilization in the safety position is provided here by the stiffness of the tongues 27 which maintain the indentations 26 engaged in the indentations 25. According to the design constraints encountered, it will be possible to provide a breakable latch structure similar to that of the inertial locks 17 but interposed between the weight 21 and the flap 14. This lock and include a tongue oriented to undergo the forces related to the axial acceleration and dimensioned to break for the acceleration level encountered for the projectile considered. As an example, it has been shown to the figure 5a such a breakable lock 37.

Pour assurer la fonction d'amortissement du choc de la masselotte 21 on a prévu un moyen spécifique qui est constitué par une languette flexible 38 qui est micro-usinée dans le substrat 13 et qui est délimitée par une cavité 39.To ensure the damping function of the shock of the weight 21, there is provided a specific means which consists of a flexible tongue 38 which is micro-machined in the substrate 13 and which is delimited by a cavity 39.

Les prolongements 18d des doigts 18a viennent en appui contre cette languette 38 lors de l'appui de la masselotte 21 sur ces derniers à la fin de sa course. Le choc est amorti et la languette 38 exerce un effort de rappel qui sécurise la position de la masselotte 21.The extensions 18d of the fingers 18a bear against this tongue 38 during the support of the weight 21 on the latter at the end of its race. The shock is cushioned and the tongue 38 exerts a return force which secures the position of the weight 21.

Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif est analogue à celui précédemment décrit.The operation of this device is similar to that previously described.

La figure 5a montre le dispositif en position de sécurité. La figure 5b montre ce dispositif après déplacement complet de la masselotte 21, donc après la temporisation assurée par les moyens de freinage 25, 26,27, mais avant le déplacement du volet 14.The figure 5a shows the device in the safety position. The figure 5b shows this device after complete displacement of the flyweight 21, so after the delay provided by the braking means 25, 26,27, but before the displacement of the flap 14.

La figure 5c enfin montre le dispositif en position déverrouillée après déplacement du volet 14.The figure 5c finally shows the device in the unlocked position after displacement of the flap 14.

Les figures 6a à 6c montrent une variante de réalisation de ce deuxième mode.The Figures 6a to 6c show an alternative embodiment of this second mode.

La figure 6a est analogue à la figure 5a et montre le dispositif en position de sécurité. Les figures 6b et 6c correspondent respectivement aux figures 5b et 5c et montrent le dispositif au cours de différentes étapes conduisant à son armement.The figure 6a is analogous to the figure 5a and shows the device in the safety position. The figures 6b and 6c correspond to the figures 5b and 5c and show the device during various stages leading to its arming.

Cette variante ne diffère du mode des figures 5a à 5c que par la forme particulière du deuxième verrou 18. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de décrire à nouveau toute la structure du dispositif qui est commune avec celle du deuxième mode des figures 5a à 5c.This variant does not differ from the Figures 5a to 5c that by the particular shape of the second latch 18. It is therefore not necessary to describe again the entire structure of the device that is common with that of the second mode of Figures 5a to 5c .

Suivant cette variante, le verrou comprend toujours deux doigts de verrouillage 18a qui ont sensiblement une forme en "L", mais chaque doigt 18a porte à son extrémité une dent 41 qui vient en appui sur un bord latéral de la masselotte 21 dans la position de sécurité du dispositif (figure 6a). La dent 41 est sensiblement perpendiculaire au doigt 18a, donc parallèle au prolongement 18d de chaque doigt 18.According to this variant, the lock always comprises two locking fingers 18a which have substantially an "L" shape, but each finger 18a carries at its end a tooth 41 which bears on a lateral edge of the weight 21 in the position of device security ( figure 6a ). The tooth 41 is substantially perpendicular to the finger 18a, therefore parallel to the extension 18d of each finger 18.

Une telle disposition renforce la résistance du verrou 18 aux contraintes d'accélération, donc fiabilise le fonctionnement du dispositif.Such an arrangement reinforces the resistance of the latch 18 to the acceleration constraints, thus making the operation of the device reliable.

En effet les dents 41 des deux doigts 18a étant en appui sur la masselotte 21, les efforts d'inertie centrifuge qui s'exercent sur le volet 14 lors du tir ne peuvent pas faire pivoter les doigts 18a autour de leur articulation 32. On est donc assuré que le verrouillage du volet 14 est maintenu pendant toute la durée du déplacement de la masselotte 21.Indeed, the teeth 41 of the two fingers 18a resting on the flyweight 21, the centrifugal forces of inertia acting on the flap 14 during firing can not rotate the fingers 18a around their articulation 32. It is therefore assured that the locking of the flap 14 is maintained for the duration of the displacement of the flyweight 21.

Seule la masselotte 21 peut donc se déplacer sous l'effet de la force centrifuge. La figure 6b montre ce dispositif après déplacement complet de la masselotte 21, donc après la temporisation assurée par les moyens de freinage 25, 26, 27, mais avant le déplacement du volet 14.Only the flyweight 21 can move under the effect of centrifugal force. The figure 6b shows this device after complete displacement of the flyweight 21, so after the delay provided by the braking means 25, 26, 27, but before the displacement of the flap 14.

On remarque que la masselotte 21 comporte des entailles 42 au niveau de ses bords latéraux sur lesquels les dents 41 sont en appui. Ces entailles 42 permettent de recevoir les dents 41 lorsque la masselotte 21, en bout de course, fait basculer les doigts 18a.Note that the weight 21 has notches 42 at its side edges on which the teeth 41 are supported. These notches 42 allow to receive the teeth 41 when the weight 21, at the end of the stroke, tilts the fingers 18a.

Une fois les dents 41 logées dans les entailles 42, le volet 14 se trouve déverrouillé. Il peut alors adopter sa position armée visible à la figure 6c.Once the teeth 41 housed in the notches 42, the flap 14 is unlocked. He can then adopt his armed position visible to the Figure 6c .

Claims (8)

Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement (12) micro-usiné ou micro-gravé pour une chaîne pyrotechnique d'un projectile qui est animé lors du tir d'un mouvement de rotation axiale, dispositif comprenant un substrat (13) sur lequel est disposé un volet (14) d'interruption de chaîne pyrotechnique qui est mobile en translation sur le substrat, dispositif dans lequel le volet (14) d'interruption de chaîne est maintenu immobilisé par au moins deux verrous, un premier verrou (17) (ou verrou d'accélération axiale) qui est libéré comme suite à l'application de l'accélération communiquée au projectile lors du tir et un deuxième verrou (18) qui est un verrou centrifuge libéré comme suite à la rotation du projectile, dispositif caractérisé en ce que le deuxième verrou (18) comprend au moins un doigt de verrouillage basculant (18a) qui est interposé entre le substrat (13) et le volet (14), doigt orienté suivant une direction parallèle au sens (19) de déplacement du volet (14) et comportant une surface d'appui (18c) contre laquelle s'applique le volet (14) en position verrouillée, le doigt (18a) comportant par ailleurs un prolongement (18d), et le dispositif incorporant une masselotte (21), disposée dans un logement (20) du volet (14), et coulissante sous l'effet de l'accélération centrifuge et venant en contact à la fin de sa course avec le prolongement (18d) du doigt (18a) pour provoquer le basculement de ce dernier, donc la libération du deuxième verrou (18).Micro-machined or micro-engraved security and arming device (12) for a pyrotechnic chain of a projectile which is animated during firing of an axial rotation movement, device comprising a substrate (13) on which is disposed a pyrotechnic chain interruption flap (14) which is movable in translation on the substrate, wherein the chain interruption flap (14) is held immobilized by at least two latches, a first latch (17) (or axial acceleration latch) which is released as a result of the application of the acceleration communicated to the projectile during firing and a second latch (18) which is a centrifugal latch released as a result of the rotation of the projectile, characterized in that the second lock (18) comprises at least one tilting locking finger (18a) which is interposed between the substrate (13) and the flap (14), finger oriented in a direction parallel to the direction (19) for moving the flap ( 1 4) and having a bearing surface (18c) against which the flap (14) is applied in the locked position, the finger (18a) further comprising an extension (18d), and the device incorporating a weight (21), disposed in a housing (20) of the flap (14), and sliding under the effect of centrifugal acceleration and coming into contact at the end of its stroke with the extension (18d) of the finger (18a) to cause the tilting of the latter, so the release of the second lock (18). Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième verrou (18) comporte deux doigts (18a) de verrouillage symétriques l'un de l'autre par rapport à un plan médian du dispositif parallèle au sens de déplacement du volet (14).Security and arming device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second latch (18) comprises two locking fingers (18a) symmetrical to each other with respect to a median plane of the parallel device in the sense of moving the flap (14). Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le prolongement (18d) de chaque doigt (18a) s'étend à l'intérieur du logement (20) de masselotte (21), cette dernière comportant par ailleurs des plans inclinés (40) qui coopèrent avec les prolongements (18d) des doigts pour provoquer leur basculement.Security and arming device according to claim 2, characterized in that the extension (18d) each finger (18a) extends inside the housing (20) feeder (21), the latter further comprising inclined planes (40) which cooperate with the extensions (18d) of the fingers to cause their tilting. Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que chaque doigt (18a) forme avec son prolongement (18d) un angle droit, le prolongement (18d) se trouvant au voisinage du fond (31a) de la cavité (31) recevant le volet (14) sur le substrat (13).Security and arming device according to claim 2, characterized in that each finger (18a) forms with its extension (18d) a right angle, the extension (18d) being in the vicinity of the bottom (31a) of the cavity ( 31) receiving the flap (14) on the substrate (13). Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque doigt (18a) est relié au substrat (13) par une articulation (32) de type pivot qui se trouve positionnée au niveau de l'angle (33) séparant doigt (18a) et prolongement (18d) du doigt.Safety and arming device according to claim 4, characterized in that each finger (18a) is connected to the substrate (13) by a hinge (32) of pivot type which is positioned at the angle (33) separating finger (18a) and extension (18d) of the finger. Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque articulation (32) est immobilisée par un moyen de verrouillage (34) de type cassable qui est rompu par l'appui du volet (14).Security and arming device according to claim 5, characterized in that each articulation (32) is immobilized by a locking means (34) of the breakable type which is broken by the support of the flap (14). Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen amortisseur comprenant une languette (38) flexible solidaire du substrat (13) et contre laquelle les prolongements (18d) des doigts (18a) viennent en appui lorsqu'ils sont poussés par la masselotte (21) en fin de course de cette dernière.Security and arming device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a damping means comprising a tongue (38) flexible integral with the substrate (13) and against which the extensions (18d) of the fingers (18a ) come into support when they are pushed by the weight (21) at the end of the race of the latter. Dispositif de sécurité et d'armement selon une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que chaque doigt porte à son extrémité une dent qui vient en appui sur la masselotte (21) dans une position de sécurité du dispositif, la masselotte comportant par ailleurs des entailles dans lesquelles se logent les dents lorsque la masselotte (21) fait basculer les doigts.Security and arming device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that each finger carries at its end a tooth which bears on the weight (21) in a safety position of the device, the weight also comprising notches in which the teeth lodge when the weight (21) tilts the fingers.
EP12290027.7A 2011-01-31 2012-01-25 Arming and security device for a pyrotechnic chain of a projectile Active EP2482027B1 (en)

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FR1100311A FR2971050B1 (en) 2011-01-31 2011-01-31 SECURITY AND ARMING DEVICE FOR A PYROTECHNIC CHAIN OF A PROJECTILE

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FR2971049B1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2013-01-18 Nexter Munitions DEVICE FOR TIMING A MOTION OF A MICRO-MACHINED MASSELOTTE AND A SAFETY AND ARMING DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH A TIMER
FR2971048B1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2013-01-11 Nexter Munitions SECURITY AND ARMING DEVICE WITH A CASSABLE LATCH
CN111561844B (en) * 2020-06-08 2021-04-27 西安交通大学 Low-acceleration time-delay MEMS security device

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ES2435018T3 (en) 2013-12-18
EP2482027B1 (en) 2013-08-28
PL2482027T3 (en) 2014-01-31
US8459184B2 (en) 2013-06-11
US20120192745A1 (en) 2012-08-02
FR2971050A1 (en) 2012-08-03
FR2971050B1 (en) 2013-01-18

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