EP2481221B1 - Electroacoustic transducer - Google Patents

Electroacoustic transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2481221B1
EP2481221B1 EP09740041.0A EP09740041A EP2481221B1 EP 2481221 B1 EP2481221 B1 EP 2481221B1 EP 09740041 A EP09740041 A EP 09740041A EP 2481221 B1 EP2481221 B1 EP 2481221B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
housing
diaphragm
electrodes
another
electroacoustic transducer
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EP09740041.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2481221A1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Busch
Axel Brenner
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electroacoustic transducer according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the membrane is attached to the edge of a peripheral bead in a designated as a loudspeaker frame housing.
  • the actuator has a voice coil driven by a magnetic system, which is firmly connected to a centrally acting on the diaphragm voice coil carrier.
  • Low-frequency underwater sound transducers can also be implemented with such an electromagnetic oscillating system that drives a diaphragm, although the mechanical structure must be extremely precise so that the voice coil can move over correspondingly long path lengths. Since large masses are needed, such converters are heavy and expensive to manufacture, so they are not very suitable for a larger use in the underwater sound technology.
  • a well-known speaker ( WO 2005/053356 A1 ) has a sound generator element held by a support structure in the form of a rectangular membrane and two piezoelectric actuators, which act on the one hand on mutually remote sides of the membrane and on the other hand are fixed to the support structure.
  • Each actuator which constitutes a so-called bending oscillator, consists of two firmly connected C-shaped curved layers of piezoelectric material, which are embedded between a middle and two outer electrodes. When electrical signals are applied to the electrodes The actuators cause the membrane to vibrate by alternately bending more or widening its C-shape.
  • a known piezoelectric composite actuator ( WO 01/33648 A1 ) has two comb-like electrode structures which are applied to two electrically insulating film layers. Elongated piezocreamic fibers are arranged parallel to one another between the two electrode structures and aligned at right angles to the comb teeth of the electrode structures directly contacting the piezoceramic fibers.
  • a well-known underwater sound transducer ( GB 2087687A ) has a carrier housing of two rigid support rings and two spacers connecting the carrier rings together. At each support ring, a membrane is set at the edge. The upper and lower diaphragms, with a shell fixed to the periphery of the two diaphragms, enclose a watertight space communicating with a hydrostatic pressure compensator. In the watertight space three piezoelectric actuators are arranged, which are radially aligned and offset by 120 ° degrees to each other. Each actuator consists of a strut of piezoelectric material, which rests with their narrow sides on the two membranes and each carries an electrode on their facing away from each other large surfaces.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a particular usable as a transmitting transducer, powerful, electro-acoustic transducer, which is lightweight, requires little installation space and is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the electroacoustic transducer according to the invention has the advantage that the oscillatory movements of the membrane are produced by low-cost manufacturable, one-sided clamped in the housing and fixed to the membrane edge bending vibrator, the membrane up and take off, the membrane converts these edge-side strokes in large sound amplitudes, so that a great acoustic performance is achieved.
  • Bending vibrators are known. In general, they are a spring-mass system capable of harmonic oscillations, which can be, for example, a cantilevered rod whose natural frequency is determined by its length and mass. Flexural vibrators are inexpensive, have a relatively low weight and require relatively low voltages to vibrate them.
  • the composite modules used according to the invention as flexural oscillators each having on at least two preferably congruent film layers of electrically insulating material electrode structures spaced from each other, parallel electrodes and disposed between the film layers, spaced apart, parallel piezoceramic fibers having on remote from one another longitudinal sides of the electrodes are extremely thin and lightweight. When an alternating voltage is applied, the piezoceramic fibers lengthen and shorten the composite modules clamped in the housing on one side.
  • the piezoceramic fibers are firmly embedded between the film layers, their elongation or shortening leads to a curvature of the composite module and thus to an upward or downward movement of the body facing away from the housing and firmly connected to the membrane edge end of the composite modules the membrane edge is alternately raised and lowered, thereby causing the membrane to vibrate.
  • the electrodes are exposed to a DC voltage such that a high and a low one alternate at the electrodes adjacent to one another in a film layer DC potential and at the electrodes lying opposite each other on the piezoceramic fibers in the two film layers the same DC potential, and is applied to the two electrode structures an AC voltage, so a maximum lifting movement of the end connected to the membrane edge end portions of the composite modules is achieved.
  • Such equipped with composite modules as bending transducers electro-acoustic transducers can be used very advantageous in towed bodies or elongated trailing antennas as transmit transducers due to their small volume and weight.
  • the protective layer covering the membrane and connected to the housing at the edge serves to protect the membrane and bending oscillator and, when the housing is sealed watertight, opens up further areas of application in underwater sound technology.
  • electroacoustic transducer which is preferably used as transmitting transducer in the underwater sound, has an example cylindrical housing 11, an edge fixed to the housing 11, elastic membrane 12, for example made of rubber, and an attacking on the diaphragm 12 actuator 13th for causing a swinging movement of the diaphragm 12.
  • Actuator 13 consists of several distributed over the circumference of the membrane 12 and spaced from each other arranged bending swing 14, via which the membrane 12 is fixed to the housing 11.
  • the bending vibrator 14 on one side, ie with its one end, firmly clamped in the housing 11 and connected with its turned away from the clamping end, free end with the membrane edge, for example by gluing.
  • the end face of the housing 11 by means of a protective layer 15, for example made of rubber or a plastic, covered, which closes the housing 11 for underwater use watertight.
  • the housing 11 is then designed as a pressure equalization vessel, so that the membrane 12 does not bend inward at high water depth and thus enters a Hubreduzi für.
  • electroacoustic transducer not conventional flexural vibrator but preferably composite modules are used as bending vibrator.
  • the structure of such a composite module 16 is in Fig. 3 partially in exploded view.
  • the composite module 16 has two congruent film layers 17, 18 of electrically insulating material, arranged on the mutually facing layer surfaces respectively an electrode structure 20 and 21, for example, printed, and between the film layers 17, 18 arranged Piezokeramikfasem 19, from each other spaced apart and aligned parallel to each other.
  • the elongated piezoceramic fibers 19 have, for example. a square or rectangular cross section.
  • the spaces between the piezoceramic fibers 19 are filled with an electrically insulating material, for example with a polymer, which is in Fig. 3 for the sake of clarity is not shown.
  • the two electrode structures 20, 21 are identical.
  • Each electrode structure 20 or 21 has two identically formed, comb-like structural parts 22, 23 with a in the direction of Piezokeramikfasem 19 extending conductor track 24 and 25 and thereof integrally outgoing, parallel, finger-like electrodes 26 and 27, respectively.
  • the two comb-like structural parts 22, 23 engage each other with their finger-like electrodes 26 and 27, so that in each case one electrode 26 of one structural part 22 and one electrode 27 of the other structural part 23 of the electrical structures 20, 21 are adjacent and parallel to each other.
  • Electrodes 26, 27 are therefore also referred to as "interdigitated e-lectrods".
  • the two film layers 17, 18 are placed in mirror image with mutually facing electrode structures 20, 21 on the piezoceramic fibers 19, wherein only the electrodes 26, 27 contact the piezoceramic fibers 19 on their mutually remote longitudinal sides.
  • Such a composite module 16 is known and eg in the EP 1 983 584 A2 described there and called "piezoelectric macro-fiber composite actuator".
  • the bending vibrator 14 in Fig. 1 and 2 forming composite modules 16 are arranged and aligned between the housing 11 and diaphragm 12 so that the piezoceramic fibers 19 extend between the housing 11 and the diaphragm edge.
  • the two structural parts 22, 23 of each electrode structure 20 and 21 are subjected to a DC voltage, so that in a film layer 17 and 18 adjacent electrodes 26, 27 alternately a high and a low DC potential and electrodes 26 and 27 in the two film layers 17, 18, which are opposite to each other at the piezoceramic fibers 19, each having the same DC potential.
  • the composite modules 16 are driven with an alternating voltage which is superimposed on the direct voltage such that it does not fall below it.
  • this AC voltage lead the piezoceramic fibers 19 in the same direction longitudinal expansions and Lijnskon Heationen, causing an alternating curvature of the membrane 12 connected to the end portions of the composite modules 16 up and down, whereby the membrane 12 is set in vibration in the direction of the housing axis.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektroakustischen Wandler nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electroacoustic transducer according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem bekannten elektroakustischen Wandler ( EP 0 772 373 A2 ) ist die Membran randseitig über eine umlaufende Sicke in einem als Lautsprecherkorb bezeichneten Gehäuse befestigt. Der Aktuator weist eine von einem Magnetsystem angetriebene Schwingspule auf, die mit einem zentral an der Membran angreifenden Schwingspulenträger fest verbunden ist. Mit einem solchen, eine Membran antreibenden, elektromagnetischen Schwingsystem lassen sich auch tieffrequente Unterwasserschallwandler realisieren, wobei jedoch der mechanische Aufbau äußert präzise sein muss, damit sich die Schwingspule über entsprechend große Weglängen bewegen kann. Da auch große Massen benötigt werden, sind solche Wandler schwergewichtig und teuer in der Fertigung, so dass sie sich für einen größeren Einsatz in der Unterwasserschalltechnik wenig eignen.In a known electroacoustic transducer ( EP 0 772 373 A2 ), the membrane is attached to the edge of a peripheral bead in a designated as a loudspeaker frame housing. The actuator has a voice coil driven by a magnetic system, which is firmly connected to a centrally acting on the diaphragm voice coil carrier. Low-frequency underwater sound transducers can also be implemented with such an electromagnetic oscillating system that drives a diaphragm, although the mechanical structure must be extremely precise so that the voice coil can move over correspondingly long path lengths. Since large masses are needed, such converters are heavy and expensive to manufacture, so they are not very suitable for a larger use in the underwater sound technology.

Ein bekannter Lautsprecher ( WO 2005/053356 A1 ) weist ein von einer Trägerstruktur gehaltenes Schallerzeugerelement in Form einer rechteckigen Membran und zwei piezoelektrischen Aktuatoren auf, die einerseits an voneinander abgekehrten Seiten der Membran angreifen und anderseits an der Trägerstruktur festgelegt sind. Jeder einen sogenannten Biegeschwinger darstellenden Aktuator besteht aus zwei miteinander fest verbundenen C-förmig gekrümmten Schichten aus piezoelektrischem Material, die zwischen einer mittleren und zwei äußeren Elektroden eingebettet sind. Bei Anlegen elektrischer Signale an die Elektroden versetzen die Aktuatoren durch wechselweises stärkeres Krümmen oder stärkeres Aufweiten ihrer C-Form die Membran in Schwingungen.A well-known speaker ( WO 2005/053356 A1 ) has a sound generator element held by a support structure in the form of a rectangular membrane and two piezoelectric actuators, which act on the one hand on mutually remote sides of the membrane and on the other hand are fixed to the support structure. Each actuator, which constitutes a so-called bending oscillator, consists of two firmly connected C-shaped curved layers of piezoelectric material, which are embedded between a middle and two outer electrodes. When electrical signals are applied to the electrodes The actuators cause the membrane to vibrate by alternately bending more or widening its C-shape.

Ein bekannter piezoelektrischer Composit-Aktuator ( WO 01/33648 A1 ) weist zwei kammartige Elektrodenstrukturen auf, die auf zwei elektrisch isolierende Filmschichten aufgebracht sind. Zwischen den beiden Elektrodenstrukturen sind langgestreckte Piezokreamikfasem parallel zueinander angeordnet und rechtwinklig zu den Kammzähnen der die Piezokeramikfasem unmittelbar kontaktierenden Elektrodenstrukturen ausgerichtet.A known piezoelectric composite actuator ( WO 01/33648 A1 ) has two comb-like electrode structures which are applied to two electrically insulating film layers. Elongated piezocreamic fibers are arranged parallel to one another between the two electrode structures and aligned at right angles to the comb teeth of the electrode structures directly contacting the piezoceramic fibers.

Ein bekannter Unterwasser-Schallwandler ( GB 2087687A ) weist ein Trägergehäuse aus zwei steifen Trägerringen und zwei die Trägerringe miteinander verbindenden Abstandsbolzen auf. An jedem Trägerring ist eine Membran randseitig festgelegt. Die obere und untere Membran schließen mit einer am Umfang der beiden Membranen festgelegten Hülle einen wasserdichten Raum ein, der mit einem hydrostatischen Druckkompensator in Verbindung steht. Im wasserdichten Raum sind drei piezoelektrische Aktuatoren angeordnet, die radial ausgerichtet und zueinander um jeweils 120° Grad versetzt sind. Jeder Aktuator besteht aus einer Strebe aus piezoelektrischen Material, die mit ihren Schmalseiten an den beiden Membranen anliegt und auf ihren voneinander abgekehrten Großflächen je eine Elektrode trägt.A well-known underwater sound transducer ( GB 2087687A ) has a carrier housing of two rigid support rings and two spacers connecting the carrier rings together. At each support ring, a membrane is set at the edge. The upper and lower diaphragms, with a shell fixed to the periphery of the two diaphragms, enclose a watertight space communicating with a hydrostatic pressure compensator. In the watertight space three piezoelectric actuators are arranged, which are radially aligned and offset by 120 ° degrees to each other. Each actuator consists of a strut of piezoelectric material, which rests with their narrow sides on the two membranes and each carries an electrode on their facing away from each other large surfaces.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen insbesondere als Sendewandler einsetzbaren, leistungsstarken, elektroakustischen Wandler anzugeben, der leichtgewichtig ist, wenig Einbauraum beansprucht und kostengünstig zu fertigen ist.The invention has for its object to provide a particular usable as a transmitting transducer, powerful, electro-acoustic transducer, which is lightweight, requires little installation space and is inexpensive to manufacture.

Die Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale im Anspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved by the features in claim 1.

Der erfindungsgemäße, elektroakustische Wandler hat den Vorteil, dass die Schwingbewegungen der Membran durch kostengünstig herstellbare, einseitig im Gehäuse eingespannte und an dem Membranrand festgelegte Biegeschwinger erzeugt werden, die die Membran auf- und abheben, wobei die Membran diese randseitigen Hubbewegungen in große Schallamplituden umsetzt, so dass eine große akustische Leistung erzielt wird. Biegeschwinger sind bekannt. Im Allgemeinen sind sie ein zu harmonischen Schwingungen fähiges Feder-MasseSystem, das z.B. ein einseitig eingespannter Stab sein kann, dessen Eigenfrequenz durch seine Länge und Masse bestimmt ist. Biegeschwinger sind kostengünstig, besitzen ein relativ geringes Gewicht und benötigen relativ geringe Spannungen, um sie in Schwingungen zu versetzen. Die erfindungsgemäß als Biegeschwinger eingesetzten Composite-Module, die jeweils auf mindestens zwei vorzugsweise deckungsgleichen Filmschichten aus elektrisch isolierendem Material angeordnete Elektrodenstrukturen mit voneinander beabstandeten, parallelen Elektroden und zwischen den Filmschichten angeordnete, voneinander beabstandete, parallele Piezokeramikfasern aufweisen, die auf voneinander abgekehrten Längsseiten von den Elektroden kontaktiert sind, sind extrem dünn und leichtgewichtig. Bei Anlegen einer Wechselspannung längen und verkürzen sich die Piezokeramikfasem der einseitig im Gehäuse eingespannten Composite-Module. Da die Piezokeramikfasem fest zwischen den Filmschichten eingebettet sind, führt deren Längung bzw. Verkürzung zu einer Krümmung des Composite-Moduls und damit zu einer aufwärts bzw. abwärts gerichteten Bewegung des vom Gehäuse abgekehrten und mit den Membranrand fest verbundenen Endes der Composite-Module, wodurch der Membranrand wechselweise angehoben und abgesenkt und dadurch die Membran in Schwingung versetzt wird.The electroacoustic transducer according to the invention has the advantage that the oscillatory movements of the membrane are produced by low-cost manufacturable, one-sided clamped in the housing and fixed to the membrane edge bending vibrator, the membrane up and take off, the membrane converts these edge-side strokes in large sound amplitudes, so that a great acoustic performance is achieved. Bending vibrators are known. In general, they are a spring-mass system capable of harmonic oscillations, which can be, for example, a cantilevered rod whose natural frequency is determined by its length and mass. Flexural vibrators are inexpensive, have a relatively low weight and require relatively low voltages to vibrate them. The composite modules used according to the invention as flexural oscillators, each having on at least two preferably congruent film layers of electrically insulating material electrode structures spaced from each other, parallel electrodes and disposed between the film layers, spaced apart, parallel piezoceramic fibers having on remote from one another longitudinal sides of the electrodes are extremely thin and lightweight. When an alternating voltage is applied, the piezoceramic fibers lengthen and shorten the composite modules clamped in the housing on one side. Since the piezoceramic fibers are firmly embedded between the film layers, their elongation or shortening leads to a curvature of the composite module and thus to an upward or downward movement of the body facing away from the housing and firmly connected to the membrane edge end of the composite modules the membrane edge is alternately raised and lowered, thereby causing the membrane to vibrate.

Sind die längs des Umfangrands der Membran angeordneten Composite-Module dazu so ausgerichtet, dass die Piezokeramikfasern sich zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem Membranrad erstrecken und sind die Electroden mit einer Gleichspannung so belegt, dass an den in einer Filmschicht nebeneinanderliegenden Elektroden abwechseind ein hohes und ein niedriges Gleichspannungspotenzial und an den an den Piezokeramikfasern einander gepenüberliegenden Elektroden in den beiden Filmschichten das jeweils gleiche Gleichspannungspotenzial liegt, und wird auf die beiden Elektrodenstrukturen eine Wechselspannung aufgeschaltet, so wird eine maximale Hubbewegung der mit dem Membranrand verbundenen Endabschnitte der Composite-Module erzielt. Solche mit CompositeModulen als Biegewandler ausgestattete elektroakustische Wandler lassen sich aufgrund ihres kleinen Bauvolumens und Baugewichts sehr vorteilhaft in Schleppkörpern oder langgestreckten schleppantennen als Sendewandler einsetzen. Die die Membran überdeckende, randseitig mit dem Gehäuse verbundene Schutzschicht dient dem Schutz von Membran und Biegeschwinger und eröffnet bei wasserdichtem Abschließen des Gehäuses weitere Anwendungsgebiete in der Unterwasserschalltechnik.If the composite modules arranged along the peripheral edge of the membrane are aligned so that the piezoceramic fibers extend between the housing and the membrane wheel, the electrodes are exposed to a DC voltage such that a high and a low one alternate at the electrodes adjacent to one another in a film layer DC potential and at the electrodes lying opposite each other on the piezoceramic fibers in the two film layers the same DC potential, and is applied to the two electrode structures an AC voltage, so a maximum lifting movement of the end connected to the membrane edge end portions of the composite modules is achieved. Such equipped with composite modules as bending transducers electro-acoustic transducers can be used very advantageous in towed bodies or elongated trailing antennas as transmit transducers due to their small volume and weight. The protective layer covering the membrane and connected to the housing at the edge serves to protect the membrane and bending oscillator and, when the housing is sealed watertight, opens up further areas of application in underwater sound technology.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen, elektroakustischen Wandiers mit vorteilhaften Weiterbidungen und Ausgestaltungen der Enfindung ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention, electro-acoustic Wandiers with advantageous Weitererbidungen and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the other claims.

Die Erfindung ist anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen in schematisierter Darstellung:

Fig. 1
ausschnittweise eine perspektivische Draufsicht eines elektroakustischen Wandlers, teilwelse aufgeschnitten,
Fg. 2
eine Schnitt längs der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Explosionsdarstellung eines als Biegeschwinger im elektroakustischen Wandler gemäß Fig. 1 eingesetzten Composite-Moduls.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. In a schematic representation:
Fig. 1
in sections, a perspective top view of an electroacoustic transducer, teilwelse cut,
Fig. 2
a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
an exploded view of a bending oscillator in the electroacoustic transducer according to Fig. 1 used composite module.

Der in Fig. 1 in perspektivischer Draufsicht und in Fig. 2 im Schnitt jeweils ausschnittweise dargestellte, elektroakustische Wandler, der vorzugsweise als Sendewandler in der Unterwasserschalltechnik eingesetzt wird, weist ein z.B. zylinderförmiges Gehäuse 11, eine randseitig am Gehäuse 11 festgelegte, elastische Membran 12, z.B. aus Gummi, und einen an der Membran 12 angreifenden Aktuator 13 zum Herbeiführen einer Schwingbewegung der Membran 12 auf. Der Aktuator 13 besteht aus mehreren über den Umfang der Membran 12 verteilt und voneinander beabstandet angeordneten Biegeschwingem 14, über die die Membran 12 am Gehäuse 11 festgelegt ist. Wie aus der Schnittdarstellung in Fig. 2 hervorgeht, sind die Biegeschwinger 14 einseitig, d.h. mit ihrem einen Ende, in das Gehäuse 11 fest eingespannt und mit ihrem vom Einspannende abgekehrten, freien Ende mit dem Membranrand, z.B. durch Kleben, verbunden. Zum Schutze der Membran 12 und der Biegeschwinger 14 ist die Stirnseite des Gehäuses 11 mittels einer Schutzschicht 15, z.B. aus Gummi oder einem Kunststoff, abgedeckt, die für den Unterwassereinsatz das Gehäuse 11 wasserdicht abschließt. Vorzugsweise ist das Gehäuse 11 dann als Druckausgleichsgefäß konzipiert, damit sich die Membran 12 bei großer Wassertiefe nicht nach innen biegt und damit eine Hubreduzierung eintritt.The in Fig. 1 in a perspective plan view and in Fig. 2 In section, in each case partially shown, electroacoustic transducer, which is preferably used as transmitting transducer in the underwater sound, has an example cylindrical housing 11, an edge fixed to the housing 11, elastic membrane 12, for example made of rubber, and an attacking on the diaphragm 12 actuator 13th for causing a swinging movement of the diaphragm 12. Of the Actuator 13 consists of several distributed over the circumference of the membrane 12 and spaced from each other arranged bending swing 14, via which the membrane 12 is fixed to the housing 11. As from the sectional view in Fig. 2 shows, the bending vibrator 14 on one side, ie with its one end, firmly clamped in the housing 11 and connected with its turned away from the clamping end, free end with the membrane edge, for example by gluing. To protect the membrane 12 and the bending vibrator 14, the end face of the housing 11 by means of a protective layer 15, for example made of rubber or a plastic, covered, which closes the housing 11 for underwater use watertight. Preferably, the housing 11 is then designed as a pressure equalization vessel, so that the membrane 12 does not bend inward at high water depth and thus enters a Hubreduzierung.

Bei dem vorstehen beschriebenen, elektroakustischen Wandler werden nicht herkömmliche Biegeschwinger sondern in bevorzugter Weise Composite-Module als Biegeschwinger eingesetzt. Der Aufbau eines solchen Composite-Moduls 16 ist in Fig. 3 ausschnittweise in Explosionsdarstellung abgebildet. Das Composite-Module 16 weist zwei deckungsgleiche Filmschichten 17, 18 aus elektrisch isolierendem Material, auf deren einander zugekehrten Schichtflächen jeweils eine Elektrodenstruktur 20 bzw. 21 angeordnet, z.B. aufgedruckt, ist, und zwischen den Filmschichten 17, 18 angeordnete Piezokeramikfasem 19 auf, die voneinander beabstandet angeordnet und parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Die langgestreckten Piezokeramikfasem 19 weisen beispielsweise. einen quadratischen oder rechteckigen Querschnitt auf. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den Piezokeramikfasem 19 sind mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Material, z.B. mit einem Polymer, ausgefüllt, was in Fig. 3 der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellt ist. Die beiden Elektrodenstrukturen 20, 21 sind identisch ausgebildet. Jede Elektrodenstruktur 20 bzw. 21 weist zwei identisch ausgebildete, kammartige Strukturteile 22, 23 mit einer in Richtung der Piezokeramikfasem 19 sich erstreckenden Leiterbahn 24 bzw. 25 und davon einstückig abgehenden, parallelen, fingerartigen Elektroden 26 bzw. 27 auf. Die beiden kammartigen Strukturteile 22, 23 greifen mit ihren fingerartigen Elektroden 26 bzw. 27 ineinander, so dass jeweils eine Elektrode 26 des einen Strukturteils 22 und eine Elektrode 27 des anderen Strukturteils 23 der Elektrostrukturen 20, 21 benachbart sind und parallel zueinander verlaufen. Diese Elektroden 26, 27 werden daher auch als "interdigitated e-lectrods" bezeichnet. Die beiden Filmschichten 17, 18 sind spiegelbildlich mit einander zugekehrten Elektrodenstrukturen 20, 21 auf die Piezokeramikfasem 19 aufgelegt, wobei ausschließlich die Elektroden 26, 27 die Piezokeramikfasem 19 auf deren voneinander abgekehrten Längsseiten kontaktieren. Ein solches Composite-Modul 16 ist bekannt und z.B. in der EP 1 983 584 A2 beschrieben und dort "piezoelectric macro-fiber composite actuator" genannt.In the above-described, electroacoustic transducer not conventional flexural vibrator but preferably composite modules are used as bending vibrator. The structure of such a composite module 16 is in Fig. 3 partially in exploded view. The composite module 16 has two congruent film layers 17, 18 of electrically insulating material, arranged on the mutually facing layer surfaces respectively an electrode structure 20 and 21, for example, printed, and between the film layers 17, 18 arranged Piezokeramikfasem 19, from each other spaced apart and aligned parallel to each other. The elongated piezoceramic fibers 19 have, for example. a square or rectangular cross section. The spaces between the piezoceramic fibers 19 are filled with an electrically insulating material, for example with a polymer, which is in Fig. 3 for the sake of clarity is not shown. The two electrode structures 20, 21 are identical. Each electrode structure 20 or 21 has two identically formed, comb-like structural parts 22, 23 with a in the direction of Piezokeramikfasem 19 extending conductor track 24 and 25 and thereof integrally outgoing, parallel, finger-like electrodes 26 and 27, respectively. The two comb-like structural parts 22, 23 engage each other with their finger-like electrodes 26 and 27, so that in each case one electrode 26 of one structural part 22 and one electrode 27 of the other structural part 23 of the electrical structures 20, 21 are adjacent and parallel to each other. These electrodes 26, 27 are therefore also referred to as "interdigitated e-lectrods". The two film layers 17, 18 are placed in mirror image with mutually facing electrode structures 20, 21 on the piezoceramic fibers 19, wherein only the electrodes 26, 27 contact the piezoceramic fibers 19 on their mutually remote longitudinal sides. Such a composite module 16 is known and eg in the EP 1 983 584 A2 described there and called "piezoelectric macro-fiber composite actuator".

Die solchermaßen aufgebauten, die Biegeschwinger 14 in Fig. 1 und 2 bildenden Composite-Module 16 sind zwischen Gehäuse 11 und Membran 12 so angeordnet und ausgerichtet, dass die Piezokeramikfasem 19 sich zwischen dem Gehäuse 11 und dem Membranrand erstrecken. Wie in Fig. 3 eingezeichnet ist, sind die beiden Strukturteile 22, 23 einer jeden Elektrodenstruktur 20 bzw. 21 mit einer Gleichspannung beaufschlagt, so dass an in einer Filmschicht 17 bzw. 18 nebeneinander liegenden Elektroden 26, 27 abwechselnd ein hohes und ein niedriges Gleichspannungspotenzial und an Elektroden 26 bzw. 27 in den beiden Filmschichten 17, 18, die an den Piezokeramikfasem 19 einander gegenüberliegen, das jeweils gleiche Gleichspannungspotenzial liegt. Zum Aktivieren des als Sendewandler betriebenen Wandlers zum Zwecke des Aussendens von Schallwellen werden die Composite-Module 16 mit einer Wechselspannung angesteuert, die der Gleichspannung so überlagert ist, dass sie diese nicht unterschreitet. Durch diese Wechselspannung führen die Piezokeramikfasem 19 gleichsinnige Längsdehnungen und Längskontraktionen aus, die ein abwechselndes Krümmen der mit der Membran 12 verbundenen Endabschnitte der Composite-Module 16 nach oben und unten bewirken, wodurch die Membran 12 in Schwingungen in Richtung der Gehäuseachse versetzt wird.The thus constructed, the bending vibrator 14 in Fig. 1 and 2 forming composite modules 16 are arranged and aligned between the housing 11 and diaphragm 12 so that the piezoceramic fibers 19 extend between the housing 11 and the diaphragm edge. As in Fig. 3 is drawn, the two structural parts 22, 23 of each electrode structure 20 and 21 are subjected to a DC voltage, so that in a film layer 17 and 18 adjacent electrodes 26, 27 alternately a high and a low DC potential and electrodes 26 and 27 in the two film layers 17, 18, which are opposite to each other at the piezoceramic fibers 19, each having the same DC potential. To activate the converter operated as a transmitting transducer for the purpose of transmitting sound waves, the composite modules 16 are driven with an alternating voltage which is superimposed on the direct voltage such that it does not fall below it. By this AC voltage lead the piezoceramic fibers 19 in the same direction longitudinal expansions and Längskontraktionen, causing an alternating curvature of the membrane 12 connected to the end portions of the composite modules 16 up and down, whereby the membrane 12 is set in vibration in the direction of the housing axis.

Zur Erhöhung der akustischen Leistung des elektroakustischen Wandlers ist es möglich, weitere gleichartige Filmschichten mit ebensolchen Elektrodenstrukturen auf die beiden Filmschichten 17, 18 aufzulegen, wobei zwischen jeweils zwei Filmschichten immer eine Schicht von Piezokeramikfasem 19 in der beschriebenen Anordnung vorhanden ist.To increase the acoustic power of the electroacoustic transducer, it is possible to place more similar film layers with the same electrode structures on the two film layers 17, 18, wherein between each two film layers is always a layer of piezoceramic fibers 19 in the described arrangement.

Claims (4)

  1. Electroacoustic transducer with a diaphragm (12) that is retained at the edge in a housing (11), and an actuator (13) acting on the diaphragm (12) for bringing about an oscillatory motion of the diaphragm (12), which actuator consists of a plurality of flexural resonators (14) mounted on the housing (11) on one side, which are arranged spaced at a distance from one another in a circumferential direction of the diaphragm (12) and are connected to the diaphragm (12) by their end facing away from the housing (11), characterised by that each flexural resonator (14) is formed by a composite module (16), which has electrode structures (20, 21) with parallel electrodes (26, 27) spaced at a distance from one another arranged on at least two film layers (17, 18) of electrically insulating material and parallel piezoceramic fibres (19) arranged between the film layers (17, 18) and spaced at a distance from one another, which fibres are contacted by the electrodes (26, 27) on their longitudinal sides facing away from one another, wherein the composite modules (16) are aligned so that the piezoceramic fibres (19) extend between the housing (11) and the edge of the diaphragm, and that a direct voltage is applied to the electrodes (26, 27) such that a high and a low direct voltage potential lies alternately at electrodes (26, 27) lying adjacent to one another in a film layer (17, 18) and the same direct voltage potential respectively lies at electrodes (26) and (27) lying opposite one another at the piezoceramic fibres (19) in the two film layers (17, 18), and an alternating voltage can be applied to the electrode structures (20, 21) and that a protective layer (15) covering the diaphragm (12) is connected at the edge to the housing (11) and closes the housing (11) in a watertight manner.
  2. Electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1, characterised by that the protective layer (15) consists of rubber.
  3. Electroacoustic transducer according to claim 1, characterised by that the protective layer (15) consists of a synthetic material.
  4. Electroacoustic transducer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised by that the housing (11) is formed as a pressure compensating vessel.
EP09740041.0A 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Electroacoustic transducer Active EP2481221B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2009/001334 WO2011035746A1 (en) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Electroacoustic transducer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2481221A1 EP2481221A1 (en) 2012-08-01
EP2481221B1 true EP2481221B1 (en) 2013-11-06

Family

ID=41796167

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09740041.0A Active EP2481221B1 (en) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Electroacoustic transducer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2481221B1 (en)
DE (1) DE112009005268A5 (en)
WO (1) WO2011035746A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928069A (en) * 1954-10-13 1960-03-08 Gulton Ind Inc Transducer
GB2087687B (en) * 1980-10-21 1985-01-03 Secr Defence Underwater sound transducer
US6629341B2 (en) * 1999-10-29 2003-10-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method of fabricating a piezoelectric composite apparatus
US6717337B2 (en) * 2001-05-23 2004-04-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Piezoelectric acoustic actuator
JP2007515873A (en) * 2003-11-17 2007-06-14 １．．．リミテッド Loudspeaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112009005268A5 (en) 2012-11-15
EP2481221A1 (en) 2012-08-01
WO2011035746A1 (en) 2011-03-31

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