EP2477938A1 - Microparticule magnétique et procédé de fabrication d'une telle microparticule - Google Patents
Microparticule magnétique et procédé de fabrication d'une telle microparticuleInfo
- Publication number
- EP2477938A1 EP2477938A1 EP10755157A EP10755157A EP2477938A1 EP 2477938 A1 EP2477938 A1 EP 2477938A1 EP 10755157 A EP10755157 A EP 10755157A EP 10755157 A EP10755157 A EP 10755157A EP 2477938 A1 EP2477938 A1 EP 2477938A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tail
- microparticle
- head
- magnetic
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00134—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems comprising flexible or deformable structures
- B81C1/0019—Flexible or deformable structures not provided for in groups B81C1/00142 - B81C1/00182
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00147—Holding or positioning arrangements
- A61B1/00156—Holding or positioning arrangements using self propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/03—Microengines and actuators
- B81B2201/038—Microengines and actuators not provided for in B81B2201/031 - B81B2201/037
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/06—Bio-MEMS
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/03—Processes for manufacturing substrate-free structures
- B81C2201/038—Processes for manufacturing substrate-free structures not provided for in B81C2201/034 - B81C2201/036
Definitions
- the invention relates to a magnetic microparticle and a process for producing such a microparticle.
- the invention also relates to a method for the collective production of a plurality of microparticles according to the invention.
- Microparticle means here a machined particle whose dimensions are of the micrometric order.
- the dimensions of micrometric order are generally less than 500 ⁇ and, preferably, less than 100 ⁇ .
- each tail being provided for this purpose with at least one magnetic element for causing the beats of the tail under the action of a non-collinear alternating external magnetic field with the trajectory, and
- a head mechanically connected to a proximal end of the tail to limit the movement of the proximal end of the tail relative to the deflection of a distal end of the tail.
- the solution is any medium in which the beats of the tail allow the microparticle 2 to advance along a path.
- the solution is a liquid having a greater or lesser viscosity such as water, glycerin, a solvent, etc. It can also be a soft medium such as gelatin.
- the solution may be a biological medium such as the spinal cord or albumin.
- the magnetic force causing the movement of these microparticles can guide the microparticles during their movement, to concentrate them in certain places, deform or magnetically excite them to dissipate energy and s' hot.
- microparticles are described in the following article D1: Remi Dreyfus, Jean Baudry, Marcus R. Roper, Marc Fermigier, Howard A. Stone and Jérians Bibette, "Microscopic artificial swimmers", Nature, Volume 437 of October 6
- the tail is magnetic that is to say that it carries at least one magnetic element displaced by the alternating magnetic field to cause the beats of the tail.
- the tail is made by assembling superparamagnetic microbeads. The cross section of this tail is necessarily circular. According to D1, an object of interest such as a red blood cell is added to the tail.
- the propulsion mode of the particle is obtained by rotating the tail on itself in the manner of a helix or a screwdriver.
- the magnetic force allowing this rotation is applied only on the head, the tail being non-magnetic.
- the head rotates under the effect of a rotating field causing the rotation of the tail which propels the assembly.
- the invention aims to provide a magnetic microparticle easy to manufacture, capable of presenting a wide variety of shapes and particularly suitable for biomedical applications.
- the invention provides a microparticle comprising:
- At least one oblong flexible tail capable of propelling said microparticle in a solution along a trajectory by means of beats transverse to the trajectory, said tail being provided for this purpose with at least one magnetic element so that said magnetic element causes beats of said tail under the action of a non-collinear alternating external magnetic field with the trajectory,
- a head mechanically connected to a proximal end of the tail, said microparticle being characterized in that it comprises at least one layer of material formed integrally and comprising said tail and said head, the dimensions and / or the shape said head being selected such that the beats of said proximal end of said tail are limited relative to the beats of the distal end of the tail and so that said head does not perform a complete revolution about a parallel axis to the path under the effect of said external alternating magnetic field.
- the magnetization of this or these magnetic layers is oriented spontaneously according to the largest dimension of the object to minimize shape anisotropy energy. More precisely, the shape anisotropy favors an orientation of the magnetization of the tail along the length of the tail. This makes it possible to exert a mechanical torque on the tail using an external magnetic field applied transversely to the tail.
- the head because of its round, square shape or other less oblong form, does not produce form anisotropy, and very little when its shape differs a little from the circle; therefore its magnetization tends to align with the alternating magnetic field by following it, and thus undergoes almost no magnetic torque, so does not move under the action of the applied field. Only the tail propels the whole.
- the microparticle moves along the trajectory through transverse beats of the tail.
- the transverse beats correspond to movements of the end of the tail that propel the microparticle along the path in one direction or the other while maintaining the head stable.
- it is the magnetic element of the tail which contributes to the displacement of the microparticle and not the head which may or may not be magnetic. It is considered that the head is stable when it does not perform a complete revolution on itself around an axis parallel to the trajectory.
- the tail beats are ripples so the tail works like a flagellum. The propulsion mode obtained is therefore totally different from that which would be obtained by rotating the tail in the manner of a helix.
- microparticle according to the invention is propelled by means of an alternating magnetic field on an axis (and not necessarily of a rotating field).
- the material of the layer providing continuity between the head and the tail may or may not be magnetic; if the layer is not magnetic, it is of course necessary to deposit at least one magnetic portion on the tail so as to form the magnetic element.
- microparticle according to the invention can be formed:
- either of a single magnetic layer which forms the head and the tail (the shape of which in plan view is freely drawn, for example by photolithography or nanoimpression);
- non-magnetic layer always in one piece, for example copper, with magnetic portions deposited on at least a portion of the tail.
- the mechanical force that produces the beat or the ripple of the tail is applied by the alternating external field directly on the magnetic parts of the tail.
- the tail is provided with the magnetic element allows a more precise control of the beats of the tail and, above all, a greater variety of beats than in the case where the magnetic elements are only provided in the head of the microparticle.
- microparticle according to the invention may also have one or more of the following characteristics, considered individually or in any technically possible combination:
- the dimensions and / or the shape of said tail are chosen so that the direction of the magnetic moment of the tail is maintained in the longitudinal axis of the tail;
- said layer formed in one piece is a layer of magnetic material
- the magnetic material is a soft magnetic material, the shape of said head being chosen without form anisotropy, for example a substantially round shape, so that the magnetic moment of said head spontaneously aligns in the direction of the alternating magnetic field; - The transverse dimensions of said head are chosen sufficiently large so that the magnetization direction of said soft magnetic material is aligned with the direction of the alternating magnetic field;
- said magnetic material is a hard magnetization magnetic material parallel to the length of said tail;
- said magnetic material is a magnetic material of spontaneous magnetization oriented out of the plane of said tail;
- said material is a non-magnetic material, a magnetic portion being at least deposited on said tail;
- the length of said tail is at least five times, preferentially 10 or 100 times, greater than one of the transverse dimensions of said tail;
- a biocompatible material is deposited on said layer
- the microparticle according to the invention comprises an element of interest grafted onto said head;
- the microparticle comprises a first tail mechanically connected to the head and a second tail which is symmetrical to the first tail with respect to a plane perpendicular to the plane of the layer and passing through the center of gravity of the head;
- the tail systematically forms a bend between its proximal and distal ends in the absence of the alternating magnetic field
- the head and tail are planar and the plane of the tail layer is oblique to the plane of the head.
- a tail comprising a layer made of a single block of material is easier to produce
- the realization of the head and the tail in the same layer of soft magnetic material and the choice of the dimensions of the head and the tail to allow or not an alignment of the magnetic moment on the direction of the alternating magnetic field allows to exercise a different magnetic torque on the tail and on the head while the tail and the head are made from the same magnetic material
- a bent tail makes it possible to obtain beats of the tail by folding and unfolding this elbow, a tail whose layers are oblique with respect to those of the head makes it possible to increase the surface of the tail that is supported on the solution to propel the microparticle, and
- a length of the tail at least five times greater than one of its transverse dimensions provides a tail whose stiffness is low enough to beat.
- the realization of the tail and the head of the microparticle in one piece by deposition and / or structuring (for example by etching, typically a photo-lithogravure, or by nanoimpression) of a layer makes it possible to obtain easily a great diversity of forms for the magnetic tail. Therefore, the hydrodynamics of the tail of the microparticle is more easily optimized. In the end, this allows, for example, to obtain microparticles that move faster, under operating conditions identical to those described in Article D1.
- This manufacturing process also allows to have a wide variety of choices for the magnetic material used (soft or hard magnetic material, with magnetization parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the layer, ...) to obtain the desired movement of tail.
- the method according to the invention is a method of collective fabrication of a plurality of microparticles according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the collective manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
- the collective manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic and perspective illustration of a microparticle according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a process for manufacturing the microparticle of FIG. 1,
- FIGS. 3 to 6 are diagrammatic illustrations of different steps of the method of FIG.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are schematic illustrations of the operation of the microparticle of FIG. 1,
- FIGS. 9 to 11 are diagrammatic and perspective illustrations of three other possible embodiments of a microparticle according to the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic illustration in plan view of another embodiment of the microparticle of FIG. 1, and
- FIGS. 13 and 14 are diagrammatic illustrations in side view of other embodiments of the microparticle of FIG.
- FIG. 1 represents a microparticle 2 able to move along a trajectory 3 in a solution when an alternating magnetic field B a is applied in a non-collinear direction to the trajectory 3.
- the viscous liquid is water or glycerine or a solvent.
- the trajectory 3 is a rectilinear trajectory. This trajectory is horizontal and extends parallel to a direction X.
- the field B a is substantially parallel to a horizontal direction Y perpendicular to the direction X.
- the microparticle 2 is equipped with a head 4 and a tail 6 made in one piece in a single layer of soft magnetic material.
- soft magnetic material is meant a magnetic material which, when no particular form factor is applied to it, has a coercive field of less than 0.005 Tesla.
- a hard magnetic material is a material having a coercive field greater than 0.01 Tesla.
- the tail 6 is oblong and flexible. It has a proximal end 8 mechanically attached to the head 4 and a free distal end.
- the microparticle 2 moves along the trajectory 3 through transverse beats of the tail 6.
- the transverse beats correspond to movements of the end 1 0 which propel the microparticle 2 along the trajectory 3 in a sense or in the other while keeping the head steady. It is considered that the head is stable when it does not perform a complete revolution on itself around an axis parallel to the trajectory 3.
- the beats of the tail 6 are ripples so that the tail functions as a flagellum.
- the beats correspond to a displacement of the end 1 0 in a plane parallel to the trajectory 3.
- the transverse beats are made in the plane X, Y.
- the beats of the tail 6 mimic those of a flagellum to propel the microparticle 2 into the solution.
- the propulsion mode obtained is therefore totally different from that which would be obtained by rotating on itself the tail 6 in the manner of a helix.
- the microparticle 2 is shown at rest, that is to say in the absence of the B a field.
- the tail 6 extends along a longitudinal axis confused here with the trajectory 3.
- the dimensions of the tail 6 and the magnetic material are chosen to allow flexing of the tail 6 under the effect of the B a field.
- the stiffness of the tail 6 is weak enough that it curves in the XY plane as well in one direction as in the other under the action of the field B a .
- the deformations of the shank 6 caused by the field B a are elastic deformations.
- the form factor of the tail 6 is large, that is to say it is greater than five and, preferably, greater than 1 0 or 100.
- form factor is meant the ratio the length L of the shank 6 measured between the ends 8 and 10 on its mean dimension in a direction parallel to the field B a .
- the tail 6 is a parallelepiped.
- the form factor is the ratio of the length L to the width I of the shank 6 in the Y direction.
- the length L and the width I are equal, respectively, to 50 ⁇ and 0.35 ⁇ .
- the thickness e of the layer of magnetic material is here taken to be equal to 0.1 ⁇ .
- the selected transverse dimensions of the tail 6 are small enough to maintain the direction of easier magnetization of the magnetic material parallel to the axis 3 even when the B a field is applied.
- the head 4 is secured directly to the end 8 to limit the travel of the end 8 with respect to the displacement of the end 1 B 0 when the field is applied. This asymmetry between the displacements of the ends 8 and 1 0 2 allows the microparticle to advance along the path 3 when the field B is applied.
- the transverse dimensions of the head 4 are larger than those of the tail 6.
- This conformation of the head 4 increases the inertia of the end 8 by increasing the viscous friction between the head 4 and the solution.
- the continuous magnetic field applied to the head 4 also contributes to increasing the inertia of the end 8 and to stabilize the head 4. This limits the amplitude of the deflection of the end 8 relative to the amplitude of the deflection of the head. end 1 0 in the presence of the same field B a .
- the transverse dimensions of the head 4 are chosen large enough to allow the direction of easier magnetization of the soft magnetic material to align with the direction of the B a field.
- the head 4 is a horizontal disc of thickness e and diameter 5 ⁇ .
- the flat shape of the head 4 improves the hydrodynamics of the microparticle 2.
- an array of vertical studs 22 is formed on a substrate 24 ( Figure 3).
- These pads 22 are made of a sacrificial material that can be removed using a solvent or another type of etching without destroying the microparticles 2.
- the face at the top of each pad 22 is identical to the horizontal section of the microparticle 2. However, to simplify Figures 3, 5 and 6, this horizontal section is shown as being rectangular.
- the array of pads 22 is made by optical or electronic lithography. It can also be achieved by nanoimpression.
- the sacrificial material used to make the pads 22 is a resin such as a polymer or any other material that is soluble in a solvent that does not destroy the microparticles 2.
- the pads 22 made, during a step 26 is deposited a layer of soft magnetic material on the vertices of each of the pads 22.
- the layer of magnetic material does not deposit on the vertical faces of the studs 22.
- the layer of soft magnetic material is formed by a stack of three sub-layers respectively of NiFe alloy, ruthenium (Ru), and NiFe alloy. These sub-layers are shown in FIG. 4. The result obtained at the end of step 26 is represented in FIG.
- a step 28 it proceeds to the release of microparticles 2 (or "lift off” in English) of the substrate 24.
- a solvent is used to release the microparticles 2. Therefore, the microparticles 2 which were integral with the tops of the pads 22 are detached and are free to move in the solvent used.
- step 28 The result obtained at the end of step 28 is represented in FIG. 6.
- a microparticle 2 thus manufactured moves in a viscous solution such as the solvent used in step 28 or any other viscous solution.
- the direction of the magnetic field B a is contained in the plane XY and forms a non-zero angle Malawi with the direction Y.
- the magnetic moment MQ in the shank 6 remains aligned on the longitudinal axis 3.
- the angle ⁇ is chosen so as to systematically orient the direction of the moment. Magnetic MQ from the tail to the head. A large magnetic torque is therefore exerted on the tail 6 because the angular difference between the directions of the moment M Q and B a field is important.
- the magnetic moment M t of the head 4 is aligned with the direction of the field B a .
- the angular difference between the directions of the magnetic moment M t and the field B a is therefore small. Therefore, the magnetic torque exerted on the head 4 is at least two times lower than that exerted on the tail 6.
- the magnetic torque on the head 4 is zero or almost zero.
- the particular geometry of the microparticle 2 makes it possible to exert a greater magnetic torque on the shank 6 than on the head 4 while the quantity of magnetic material in the head 4 is greater than or even much greater than the amount of magnetic material in the tail 6.
- the tail 6 curves in the plane X, Y to reach a position such as that shown in dashed lines in Figure 7.
- the head 4 is almost not rotating at the same time.
- the field B a is symmetrical with respect to the direction X of the field B a at time t i.
- the magnetic moment M Q of the tail 6 remains aligned on the longitudinal axis of this tail while the magnetic moment M t of the head 4 rotates to align with the direction of the field B a .
- the tail 6 curves in the X, Y plane to reach a position such as that represented in dotted line in FIG.
- FIG. 9 represents a microparticle 40 equipped with a tail 42 and a head 44.
- the tail 42 is for example identical to the tail 6.
- the head 44 has a cross section identical to that of the tail 42.
- the head 44 is made of a material, for example non-magnetic, denser than the magnetic material used for the tail 42. The inertia to move the proximal end and therefore greater than that to move the distal end .
- this head 44 limits the deflection of the proximal end of the shank 42 relative to the deflection of its distal end without having a cross section different from that of the shank 42.
- FIG. 10 represents a microparticle 50 equipped with a tail 52 and a pointed head 54.
- the direction of the magnetic moment M of the tail 52 is parallel to the direction Z, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the layer of magnetic material used to make the tail 52.
- the magnetic material used to make the tail 52 is a magnetic material having anisotropy perpendicular to the plane of the layer.
- the magnetic material used is for example a multilayer composed of several layers of cobalt (Co) and platinum (Pt).
- the head 54 is for example made of a soft magnetic material or a non-magnetic or non-magnetic material.
- This microparticle 50 moves in a solution when it is subjected, alternately, to two magnetic fields B z and B z2 .
- the fields B z and B z2 are inclined with respect to the direction of the moment M.
- the directions of the fields Bn and B z2 are contained in a plane parallel to the X, Z and inclined plane, respectively of + 45 ° and - 45 ° with respect to the direction X.
- the flapping of the tail 52 is then carried out in the vertical plane X, Z and not in the horizontal plane X, Y as described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. Under these conditions, the support surface of the tail 52 on the solution is increased which improves the efficiency of the displacement of the microparticle 50.
- FIG. 11 represents a microparticle 60 equipped with a tail 62 and a head 64.
- the head 64 is a parallelepiped whose largest faces are parallel to the X, Y plane.
- the tail 62 is for example identical to the tail 6 except that the plane of the layer which forms it is inclined with respect to the plane X, Y. This configuration of the tail 62 makes it possible to increase the support surface of the tail on the solution and therefore increase the propulsive force. In the end, this promotes the movement of microparticle 60.
- FIG. 12 represents a microparticle 70 identical to the microparticle 2 except that the tail 6 is replaced by two tails 72 and 74.
- the tails 72 and 74 are symmetrical to one another by relative to a vertical plane passing through the center of gravity of the head 4. Here this vertical plane contains the axis 3.
- each tail 72, 74 is curved so as to form a bend, respectively 76 and 78 in the plane X, Y.
- These elbows are located between the proximal and distal ends of the tail. For example, bends 76 and 78 are formed in the middle of the length of tails 72 and 74.
- the position of the tails 72 and 74 shown in fine lines corresponds to the position of these tails in the absence of external alternating magnetic field.
- an alternating magnetic field B is applied parallel to the Y direction, the elbows 76 and 78 bend so that the tails 72 and 74 reach the positions shown in dotted lines in Figure 12.
- the magnetic field B y disappears again, the tails 72 and 74 find, for example by elastic deformation, their positions represented in solid lines.
- the tails 72 and 74 perform a movement close to a breaststroke to move the microparticle 70 in the presence of the B y field.
- FIG. 13 shows a side view of a microparticle 80 equipped with a head 82 connected to a shank 84.
- the head 82 and the shank 84 are made from a layer 86 of non-magnetic material 86 of a alone.
- Magnetic pads 88 are etched on the layer 86 to form the magnetic elements of the tail 84 which will allow it to beat in the presence of an external alternating magnetic field.
- a pad 90 made of magnetic material or not can be produced on the layer 86 at the level of the head 82.
- the pads 88 and 90 are for example made by etching a single layer of magnetic material during the manufacture of the microparticle 80.
- FIG. 13 shows that the magnetic element of which the tail of the microparticle is provided is not necessarily a layer of magnetic material which extends continuously from the proximal end to the distal end.
- the tail 84 may comprise several disjoint magnetic elements.
- the tail comprises a single magnetic element such as a single stud 88.
- Figure 14 shows a side view of a microparticle 90 equipped with a head 92 and a tail 94.
- the head 92 is made from a layer 96 of magnetic material or not.
- the proximal end of the tail 94 and a good part of the tail 94 is also made in the layer 96.
- the tail 94 also comprises a layer 98, for example magnetic material, which extends beyond the layer 96 parallel to the X direction to the distal end of the tail 94.
- the layers 96 and 98 overlap one above the other in an overlap area so as to mechanically connect the proximal and distal ends of the tail 94.
- the head of the microparticle can be square, have the shape of a disk, a parallelepiped, have an ellipsoidal horizontal section, conical or other.
- the shape of the head is optimized to improve the hydrodynamics of the microparticle.
- the beats of the tail are not necessarily limited to movements of the distal end in a plane.
- the deformations of the tail can cause displacements of the distal end out of a plane.
- the magnetic material used in the various previous embodiments may be soft or hard.
- the particle is formed: either of a single magnetic layer which forms the head and the tail (whose shape in plan view is freely drawn, like any pattern obtained by photolithography or nanoimpression);
- non-magnetic layer always in one piece (for example copper) with magnetic portions deposited above, especially at the tail.
- the head when the head is made of a magnetic material, it forms a single block of material with the tail.
- the cross section of the tail is not necessarily constant. For example, it may have bulges or widen or, on the contrary, tapering as one approaches the distal end.
- the microparticle may have two or more tails capable of beating to propel it.
- the tail of the microparticle is not necessarily rectilinear at rest.
- the proximal end of the tail is connected to the front of the head and then bends to extend towards the rear of the head.
- outer layers of microparticle 2 are made of biocompatible material such as gold or silica.
- the various layers that make up the microparticle may be deposited on a sacrificial layer itself deposited on a substrate. Then, the stack of layers is etched to form the head and tail of the microparticle and then the sacrificial layer is removed to release the microparticle from the substrate.
- etching steps can be used to conform differently to several of the layers of the stack of layers forming the microparticle. For example, several etching steps are required to make the microparticle of the embodiments of Figs. 13 and 14.
- a continuous magnetic field it is also not necessary for a continuous magnetic field to be used to align the particles with the direction of movement.
- the alternating magnetic field is not parallel to the magnetic moment of the magnetic elements of the tail.
- the microparticle is likely to move.
- the magnetic moment of Magnetic elements of the tail is perpendicular to the alternating magnetic field so as to maximize the efficiency of the displacement.
- the alternating magnetic field may optionally be a rotating magnetic field, that is to say whose direction rotates about an axis such as an axis collinear to the trajectory 3; but this rotating magnetic field is absolutely not essential to the implementation of the invention.
- propulsion actions may be superimposed on those of the beats of the tail.
- a magnetic field gradient may also be used in addition, or the microparticle may be driven by fluid flow.
- the alternating magnetic field is not necessarily sinusoidal or periodic.
- the rate of variation of the field may be different when the field tends to move the tail from its rest position and when it tends to bring it back to its rest position.
- the field can be applied by successive pulses. During a first pulse, the magnetic field is only applied in one direction and then canceled. After a time interval longer than that of the pulse, a second magnetic field pulse is applied. During the second pulse, the magnetic field is for example applied in the opposite direction.
- These first and second pulses are repeated alternately to advance the microparticle in a jerk. For example, during the time interval when there is no magnetic field pulse, the tail is released to return to its rest position. In this embodiment, the tail undergoes only elastic deformations.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0956380A FR2950042B1 (fr) | 2009-09-17 | 2009-09-17 | Procede de fabrication d?une microparticule et microparticule ainsi fabriquee |
| PCT/EP2010/063725 WO2011033080A1 (fr) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Microparticule magnétique et procédé de fabrication d'une telle microparticule |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2477938A1 true EP2477938A1 (fr) | 2012-07-25 |
Family
ID=42635454
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10755157A Withdrawn EP2477938A1 (fr) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Microparticule magnétique et procédé de fabrication d'une telle microparticule |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8686818B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2477938A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2013505568A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2950042B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011033080A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9701817B2 (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2017-07-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Photoisomerizing polymers |
| EP3618815B1 (fr) | 2017-05-04 | 2023-12-06 | Bionaut Labs Ltd. | Propulsion et commande d'un microdispositif |
| GB201818421D0 (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2018-12-26 | Cambridge Entpr Ltd | Magnetic particle and method |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1595801A (en) * | 1923-03-03 | 1926-08-10 | Mcdonald Hugh Robt | Magnetic toy |
| US3359152A (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1967-12-19 | Leyman Corp | Machinable anisotropic magnet |
| US3504316A (en) * | 1967-11-13 | 1970-03-31 | Martin Bekedam | Reciprocating magnetic means for operating snap action mercury switch |
| US3985608A (en) * | 1969-05-03 | 1976-10-12 | Rolf Saxholm | Supporting element for use in microbiological, serological, immunological, clinical-chemical and similar laboratory work |
| US3982334A (en) * | 1970-03-27 | 1976-09-28 | Thalatta, Inc. | Compartmentalized micromagnet display device |
| US5284753A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1994-02-08 | Neuro Probe, Inc. | Multiple-site chemotactic test apparatus and method |
| JP3869291B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-25 | 2007-01-17 | オリンパス株式会社 | カプセル型医療装置 |
| WO2006119261A2 (fr) * | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-09 | Knobloch, Charles, Saron | Magnetopropant a polarisation magnetique |
| US7479859B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2009-01-20 | Jack Gerber | Apparatus and method for processing material in a magnetic vortex |
| US7504921B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2009-03-17 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Adminstration | Stepping flexures |
| WO2009103938A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-27 | University Of Exeter | Systèmes magnétiques contrôlables |
-
2009
- 2009-09-17 FR FR0956380A patent/FR2950042B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-09-17 US US13/060,662 patent/US8686818B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-17 JP JP2012529290A patent/JP2013505568A/ja active Pending
- 2010-09-17 EP EP10755157A patent/EP2477938A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-09-17 WO PCT/EP2010/063725 patent/WO2011033080A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2011033080A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110200434A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
| WO2011033080A1 (fr) | 2011-03-24 |
| JP2013505568A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
| US8686818B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
| FR2950042A1 (fr) | 2011-03-18 |
| FR2950042B1 (fr) | 2012-01-13 |
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