EP2473677A1

EP2473677A1 - Support for a structure

Info

Publication number: EP2473677A1
Application number: EP10770968A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Anil Anwikar
Original assignee: Maurer Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Maurer Soehne GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2009-09-03
Filing date: 2010-09-03
Publication date: 2012-07-11
Also published as: DE112010003550A5; WO2011026477A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a support (01) for a structure (02), in particular for bridges, having a multi-part support structure for compensating horizontal lengthening movements of the structure (02) in relation to the foundations. According to the invention, a first plate-shaped support element (10) is fixed to the structure (02) and a second plate-shaped support element (12) is fixed to the foundations (03) and at least one additional third plate-shaped support element (14) is arranged between the first and the second support element (10, 12). Each of said support elements (10, 12, 14) comprises the required sliding surfaces (11, 13, 15, 16) so that two sliding planes are created.

Description

Warehouse for a building

The invention relates to a bearing for structures according to the preamble of claim 1. In large cantilevered structures, in particular bridges, it is necessary to provide a compensation for the occurring elongations at the support points. In the case of particularly long bridges, length changes of more than 1 meter may occur. In this respect, it is necessary that at least at one support point, usually at several, the building or the bridge against the foundation is displaced. Likewise, it is important to transfer the load of the structure or the bridge to the foundation.

Depending on the number of support points and the possible strains and deformations taking into account allowable lateral loads in the individual support points different types of bearings are required. On the one hand, firm connections are used without any compensation. As a rule, at least one compensating bearing is present, which compensates for twists and uses of the structure to be supported.

BESTÄTIGU NGSKOPI E Furthermore - again usually in combination with compensating bearings - one-sided and two-sided movable bearings are used, which allow corresponding linear displacements and thus expansions of the structure, without resulting in impermissible stresses. As a result, the bearing and the supporting foundation or the supporting pillar can be designed as a main load on the vertical load.

For this purpose, slide bearings are known from the prior art, wherein a fixedly mounted first bearing element is arranged on a structure or a bridge, which is supported on an opposite, connected to the foundation, second bearing element.

As a rule, it is required that the smaller of the two bearing elements always rests completely on the other bearing element. The length of the longer bearing element on both sides must be longer than the shorter bearing element by the extent of the expansion path. In an exemplary case, an elongation of approximately 1 m is expected for a bridge length of 1 km. In this respect, therefore, in this example, with a length of the shorter bearing element of 2 m, the longer bearing element must be at least 4 m long. In this case, it is necessary that further the bearing elements have sufficient rigidity. Furthermore, it should be noted that the bearing elements have sufficient inherent rigidity, so that point-like or local loads on the sliding surface are avoided. This is the only way to ensure trouble-free gliding over a long period of use. To achieve advantageous sliding properties, various systems are known from the prior art, with a combination with a sliding pair of stainless steel is usually selected on a plastic. Here, the plastic layer is applied to a solid steel plate and the stainless steel layer as a sliding layer on the other steel plate. Furthermore, it is presented in the prior art that preferably a sliding layer by means of a powder coating Process can be prepared. Alternatively, lubricants are used in known bearings, being used to ensure the resistance of the lubricating film scrapers and sealing elements. Although such slide bearing systems have proven themselves in practice, these still have the problem of considerable

Construction length. A related problem is that the assembly of a long bearing element resulting from the requirements in a massive design and the associated high weight in the case of particularly high pillars as a foundation only with considerable technical effort is possible.

For this reason, so-called roller bearings were often used in the prior art. In this case, a roller is arranged between the upper and the lower bearing element. With a displacement of the corresponding structure, the upper bearing element moves under a rolling movement of the roller along the lower bearing element. This reduces the necessary length of the bearing elements relative to a plain bearing. In this respect, comparatively short bearing elements are sufficient to ensure the necessary displaceability. As a particular disadvantage has been found that the longevity of the roller bearings can not, as expected, can be guaranteed. The present high loads lead, in particular under the function-related rolling motion, often to a continued material damage of the soft inner core with a subsequent tearing of the hardened outer periphery. This in turn requires a bridge renovation, which in turn is associated with extremely high costs. Therefore, under all circumstances, it is important to preserve the longevity of appropriate bearings.

The object of the present invention is to enable a bearing for structures, in particular bridges, in which, in relation to the leadership can be used with the known plain bearings significantly reduced bearing elements.

The present object is achieved by a bearing according to the teaching of

Claim 1 solved. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

A bearing for structures, in particular for bridges, initially comprises a first directly or indirectly connected to the building, substantially plate-shaped bearing element. Furthermore, the bearing has a second support element which is supported on the foundation and essentially plate-shaped. Here, the first bearing element has a second bearing element facing sliding surface and the second bearing element facing the first bearing element sliding surface. In an initially known manner, the first bearing element with the structure or the bridge relative to the second bearing element and the foundation is displaceable.

In this case, the connection of the first bearing element with the building and the second bearing element with the foundation does not necessarily relate to a rigid and firm assembly. Rather, the bearing elements can also be coupled resting or articulated with the building or foundation. At least, the first bearing element is also moved in a longitudinal displacement of the structure, whereas, where the second bearing element remains with the foundation in place.

According to the invention, a third substantially plate-shaped bearing element is now arranged between the first and second bearing element. Here, the third bearing element is displaceable, both with respect to the first bearing element, as well as with respect to the second bearing element. This is realized by the opposite sliding surfaces on the third bearing element. This creates a first sliding pair between the Sliding surface on the first bearing element and the associated sliding surface on the third bearing element and a second sliding pair between the sliding surface on the second bearing element and the associated sliding surface on the third bearing element. By using a third bearing element, it is possible to reduce the necessary size of the bearing elements considerably over the prior art and yet to ensure sufficient space for movement. This is realized by being able to slide in two planes. Thus, the total zurücklegbare path of the first bearing element relative to the second bearing element by adding the Gleitweges from the first to the third bearing element with the sliding path of the second bearing element to the third bearing element, whereby it is possible to use significantly lighter bearing elements. Due to the now largely halved storage paths in the individual slip planes, this consequently also leads to a reduction of the eccentricity with regard to the transfer of the load from the building to the foundation. Especially with high pillars, the buckling load is significantly reduced. To enable appropriate sliding movement in a primary

Direction are the sliding surfaces in this primary direction basically linear. It is particularly advantageous if the sliding surfaces are flat overall. Thus, in particular the costs in the manufacture and assembly of the bearing elements can be kept low, at the same time the proper investment of the sliding surfaces can be ensured together.

Likewise, it is also conceivable, the sliding surface of the first bearing element and the associated sliding surface of the third bearing element and / or the sliding surface of the second bearing element and the associated sliding surface of the third bearing element in a cylinder to execute form. Thus, the longitudinal displacement is unchanged guaranteed, with a displacement of the sliding surfaces is ensured to each other in deformations of the structure or the bridge transversely to the longitudinal movement, without causing uneven loading conditions in the sliding layers.

Particularly advantageous is the embodiment of the solution according to the invention, when the sliding surfaces of the first and the second bearing element in the direction of a primary sliding movement are longer than the sliding surfaces of the third bearing element. By choosing a shorter third bearing element is thus ensured that the sliding surfaces of the third bearing element always lie completely in full length and thus always have the same sliding properties. Likewise, a constant surface pressure can be assumed, which in turn benefits the service life. To achieve a further cost advantage, it is advantageous if the first and the second bearing element are made identical. It is possible to perform these as equal parts.

In a request to the bearing with respect to a transverse compensation, it is particularly advantageous if the sliding surface of the first and / or second bearing element in the direction of a secondary sliding movement, which is substantially transverse to the primary sliding movement, wider than the sliding surface of the third bearing element. Thus, on the one hand, a transverse sliding of the first bearing element and the structure is made possible relative to the second bearing element and the foundation. Furthermore, this is unchanged in the third bearing element always guaranteed a complete edition. In this respect, a sliding of the third bearing element relative to the first and / or second bearing element takes place analogously to the primary sliding movement.

To ensure a desired position of the third bearing element in the transverse direction relative to the first and / or second bearing element, it is particularly advantageous if the first and / or second bearing element and / or the third bearing element has guide means which substantially prevent a corresponding relative movement between the bearing elements in the direction of the secondary sliding movement. The use of guide means ensures that, in the case of repeated transverse loading of the first bearing element relative to the second bearing element, there is no displacement of the third bearing element beyond the bearing surfaces.

In a first variant, it is possible to allow transverse displacement in a sliding plane in addition to the longitudinal displaceability and to provide a linear guide in the second sliding plane, so that the third bearing element remains in the middle.

If a transverse movement is to be prevented by the storage, a linear guide can be provided on the one hand in both sliding planes. Alternatively, it is possible to use a direct linear guide between the first and second bearing element.

In an advantageous embodiment, the first friction coefficient between the mutually facing sliding surfaces of the first and third bearing element is selected differently to the second coefficient of friction between the mutually facing sliding surfaces of the second and third bearing element. In this respect, this solution can specifically cause a preferred sliding movement. In this respect, in normal operating conditions, the gliding will take place predominantly in a gliding plane. On the other hand, in the other sliding plane, the third bearing element remains in relative rest to the corresponding bearing element. Thus, an improved design of the sliding surfaces, in particular with regard to the wear, take place.

For the realization of different possibilities offer, for this different sliding couples from the prior art to Available and thus corresponding friction coefficient can be influenced.

With regard to the design of the bearing, it is advantageous if the first coefficient of friction is smaller than the second coefficient of friction. As a result, it is first of all achieved that the third bearing element in the present case remains substantially at rest and is thus arranged in the middle of the pillar. The sliding thus takes place mainly between the first bearing element and the third bearing element. In this respect, the load lying on it is mainly transmitted to the center of the pillar. It is particularly advantageous if the first bearing element in each case has at least one follower-like stop in the direction of the sliding movement at both ends of the sliding surfaces. In this case, the follower-like stop comes to rest on the third bearing element and limits the movement of the sliding path between the first bearing element relative to the third bearing element. In this respect, the follower-like stop ensures that no sliding of the third bearing element takes place beyond the sliding surface of the first bearing element.

In particular, in combination with the reduced friction between the first and third bearing element with respect to the friction between the second and third bearing element of the follower-like stop ensures that at the end of the first Gleitweges the third bearing element is entrained and thus in the following a sliding between the second and third bearing element uses.

Advantageously, the second bearing element in the direction of the sliding movement at both ends of the sliding surfaces in each case at least one driver-like stop. In this case, the follower-like stop of the second bearing element comes to rest on the third bearing element. Thus, the sliding path between the third bearing element is limited relative to the second bearing element. So is the same ensures that no sliding of the third bearing element can take place beyond the sliding surface of the second bearing element.

Due to the loose at least in the primary direction of movement storage of the third bearing element between the first and second Lagerele- element thus provide the follower-like attacks that the loose third bearing element does not slide with multiple forward and backward sliding with time from the bearing surfaces.

It is known from the prior art that deformations and twists can occur in the structures, whereby a angular misalignment could occur between the first and second bearing elements. This is in turn in a sliding bearing of significantly higher relevance than a roller bearing. To solve this problem, different types of differential bearings are known from the prior art, in which angle errors can be compensated for example by means of a spherical bearing or an elastomer bearing. The embodiments of such bearing shapes are well known to those skilled in the art and require no precise implementation.

If in the bearing with angular errors between the building and the foundation must be expected, which is usually the case, is thus in a preferred embodiment between the building and the first bearing element and / or between the second bearing element and the foundation a balance bearing, in particular a spherical bearing or elastomeric bearing to arrange. The following figures outline by way of example a possible embodiment of the solution according to the invention, as well as for comparison, the storage according to the prior art.

Show it: Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the bearing according to the invention

Structures in different deflection states;

Fig. 2 for comparison, a roller bearing 21 according to the prior

Technology; Fig. 3 for comparison, a plain bearing 31 from the prior

Technology; and

4 shows a cross section to the embodiment according to FIG. 1.

In Figure la, a bearing 01 for buildings 02 is an example sketched. As can be seen, the bearing 01 comprises a first bearing element 10, which is attached to the structure 02. Furthermore, the bearing 01 has a second bearing element 12, which in this case is connected to the foundation 03. Between the first bearing element 10 and the second bearing element 12, the third bearing element 14 is provided according to the invention. Here, the bearing elements 10, 12 and 14 corresponding sliding surfaces 1 1, 13, 15 and 16. With the arrow 04, the primary direction of movement is outlined. It is obvious how a sliding between the first bearing element 10 and the third bearing element 14, as well as a sliding of the third bearing element 14 relative to the second bearing element 12 can take place. For this purpose, Figure lb shows a first deflection of the structure 02 relative to the foundation 03. It can be seen that a sliding of the first bearing element 10 has taken place relative to the third bearing element 14, wherein the Gleitweg by a driver 17, which on both sides of the sliding surface 1 1 on first bearing element 10 is arranged is limited. This results in a maximum relative sliding path S i between the first bearing element 10 and the third bearing element 14.

Furthermore, it is obvious that the length LI Q of the first bearing element 10 is substantially greater than the length L14 of the third bearing element. The same applies to the length Li _{2 of} the second bearing element 12 in relation to the third bearing element 14.

In Figure lc can be seen how the continued displacement of the structure 02 relative to the foundation 03 effect. In this case, there is a displacement of the third bearing element 14 due to the contact of the driver 17 on the third bearing element 14. Thus, there is a sliding of the third bearing element 14 relative to the second bearing element 12. A resulting from the structure load is usually centered on the transmitted in relation to the first and second bearing element shorter third bearing element. Thus, the load with an eccentricity E i4 acts on a pillar. It is obvious that, in comparison with the prior art, a significantly smaller construction of the bearing 01 is possible. Likewise, a significantly lower eccentricity Ej _{4 is} achieved. For comparison, the state of the art with a roller bearing 21 is outlined in FIG. 2a. Again, a first bearing element 22 is connected to the structure 02. The second bearing element 23 is in this case connected to the foundation 03 accordingly. The roller 24 is located between the first bearing element 22 and the second bearing element 23. It is obvious that a movement 04 of the structure 02 relative to the foundation 03 is made possible by rolling the roller 24.

With a corresponding displacement of the structure 02, relative to the foundation 03 via the path X, an eccentricity E ₂₄ occurs, which corresponds to half the distance - see Figure 2b. Furthermore, it is obvious that the length of the bearing elements 22 and 23 must be at least equal to the length of the entire path, taking into account sufficient safety.

Furthermore, a plain bearing 3 1 is sketched from the prior art for comparison in Figure 3a. Here again is a first bearing element 32nd firmly connected to the structure 02. The second bearing element 34 is likewise arranged on a foundation 03. A displacement of the structure 02 in the direction of movement 04 relative to the foundation 03 leads to a sliding of the sliding surface 33 of the first bearing element 32 relatively along the sliding surface 35 of the second bearing element 34. It is obvious that to realize a large range of motion at least one bearing element must be significantly larger , provided that the other bearing element should always rest completely with its sliding surface.

Furthermore, the arrangement of a balance bearing in the form of a spherical bearing between the second bearing element 34 and the lower part 36 of a calotte bearing is sketched in this example. Thus, in angular misalignments between the structure 02 and the foundation 03 compensating movements are made possible, so that it can come to no uneven support within the sliding surfaces 33 and 35. FIG. 3 b outlines the structure 02 in FIG. 3 a in a position displaced by the path X. It is obvious that in order to realize the maximum movement space, the length L _{32 of} the first bearing element 32 has to be longer by the total path than the length L 34 of the second bearing element. In this respect, this leads to considerable lengths, which leads to considerable expense in the production of storage, especially for long bridges. Furthermore, the weight distribution on the second bearing element 34 is dependent on the design of the bearing elements 32 and 34, and the rigidity of the substructure or superstructure. In this respect, it may well come to a center of gravity distribution in a displacement of the first bearing element 32. As a result, a large eccentricity E34 can act on a pillar 03.

Finally, in FIG. 4, a possible cross-section to an embodiment according to the embodiment from FIG. 1 is sketched by way of example.

Here, it is shown that the width Bi o of the first bearing element 10 is made larger than the width Bi ₂ and B 14 of the sliding surfaces 13 and 16 of the second and third bearing element 12 and 14. Thus, it is obvious that in a transverse movement 05, the structure 02 with the first bearing element 10 can slide relative to the third bearing element 14. To secure the central position of the third bearing element 14 relative to the second bearing element 12 is a linear guide 19 on the second

Bearing element 12 is provided. Thus, the third bearing element 14 always remains in the central position with respect to the second bearing element 12. It is obvious that the third bearing element 14 can only perform a movement in the primary direction of movement 04. Notwithstanding a solution according to FIG. 4, it is likewise possible to provide guiding means on the first bearing element 10 too, so that a transverse movement 05 of the structure 02 is prevented. Likewise, it is possible to turn the assembly over and allow sliding between the second and third bearing element in the transverse direction 05. Taking into account a usually required angle compensation between the structure 02 and the foundation 03, it is also conceivable (when looking at the section in Fig. 4), at least one bearing point between the first and third bearing element 10 and 14 and / or the second and third bearing elements 12 and 14 instead of a planar shape as a cylinder jacket surface to choose. Thus, an angular compensation can take place in the transverse direction. At the same time, the choice of a cylinder jacket surface allows the guide of the third bearing element 14 in the middle relative to the first and / or second bearing element.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 bearings

02 building / bridge

03 foundation / pillar

04 Primary direction of movement

05 Secondary direction of movement

10 First bearing element

11 sliding surface on the first bearing element

12 second bearing element

13 sliding surface on the second bearing element

14 Third bearing element

15 First sliding surface on the third bearing element

16 Second sliding surface on the third bearing element

17 drivers on the first bearing element

18 stop on the second bearing element

19 linear guide

Lio length of the sliding surface of the first bearing element

Ll2 length of the sliding surface of the second bearing element

Ll4 length of the sliding surface of the third bearing element

Si way of the first bearing element to the system of the driver

X total path / bridge displacement

E ₁₄ eccentricity of the centers of the third relative to the second bearing element

B ₁₀ width of the sliding surface of the first bearing element

B [ ₂ width of the sliding surface of the second bearing element

B ₁₄ width of the sliding surface of the third bearing element

21 roller bearings

22 First bearing element

23 second bearing element

24 roll

L ₂₂ length of the sliding surface of the first bearing element

E ₂₄ eccentricity of the roller relative to the center of the second bearing element

31 plain bearings

32 First bearing element

33 sliding surface on the first bearing element

34 second bearing element

35 sliding surface on the second bearing element

36 calotte bearing

L32 Length of the sliding surface of the first bearing element

L ₃₄ length of the sliding surface of the second bearing element

E ₃₄ eccentricity of the centers of the first relative to the second bearing element

Claims

claims

Bearing (Ol) for structures (02), in particular for bridges, comprising a first plate-shaped bearing element (10) connected directly or indirectly to the structure (02) and a second substantially plate-shaped bearing element (3) supporting a foundation (03) ( 12), wherein the first bearing element (10) has a sliding surface (11) facing the second bearing element (12) and the second bearing element (12) has a sliding surface (13) facing the first bearing element (10) and wherein the first bearing element (10) relative to the second bearing element (12) is displaceable, characterized by

at least a third substantially plate-shaped bearing element (14), which is arranged displaceably between the first and the second bearing element (10, 12) and on its opposite to the sliding surfaces (11, 13) of the first and the second bearing element (10, 12) each having a sliding surface (15, 16) facing sides.

Bearing (01) according to claim 1,

characterized et

in that the sliding surface (11) of the first bearing element (10) and the adjacent sliding surface (15) of the third bearing element (14) and / or the sliding surface (13) of the second bearing element (12) and the adjacent sliding surface (16) of the third bearing element (11). 14) are flat.

Bearing (01) according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized et

in that the sliding surfaces (11, 13) of the first and second bearing element (10, 12) in the direction of a primary sliding movement (04) are longer than the sliding surfaces (15, 16) of the third bearing element (14).

Bearing (01) according to claim 2 or 3,

characterized,

in that the sliding surface (11, 13) of the first and / or second bearing element (10, 12) is wider in the direction of a secondary sliding movement (05) which is substantially transverse to the primary sliding movement (04) than the sliding surface (15). 16) of the third bearing element (14), wherein the first and second bearing element (10, 12) in the direction of the secondary sliding movement (05) relative to the third bearing element (14) is displaceable.

Bearing (01) according to one of claims 1 to 4,

characterized,

in that the first and / or second bearing element (10, 12) and / or the third bearing element (14) has guide means (19) which allow a relative movement between the first and second bearing element (10, 12) and the third bearing element (14 ) in the direction of the secondary sliding movement (05) substantially.

Bearing (01) according to one of claims 1 to 5,

characterized,

in that the first friction coefficient between the mutually facing sliding surfaces (11, 15) of the first and third bearing element (10, 14) and the second friction coefficient between the mutually facing sliding surfaces (13, 16) of the second and third bearing element (12, 14) are different ,

Bearing (01) according to claim 6,

characterized,

that the first friction coefficient is smaller than the second friction coefficient.

8. bearing (01) according to one of claims 1 to 7,

characterized geke,

in that the first bearing element (10) in the direction of the sliding movement (04) has at least one catch-like abutment (17) at both ends of the sliding surfaces (11) which can be brought into contact with the third bearing element (14) and a limitation of the sliding path (S the first bearing element (10) relative to the third bearing element (14) causes.

9. bearing (01) according to one of claims 1 to 8,

characterized

in that the second bearing element (12) in the direction of the sliding movement (04) has at least one catch-like abutment (18) at both ends of the sliding surfaces (13) which can be brought into contact with the third bearing element (14) and a limit of the sliding path of the third Bearing element (14) relative to the second bearing element (12) causes.

10. bearing (01) according to any one of claims 1 to 9,

characterized,

that between the building (02) and the first bearing element (10) and / or between the second bearing element (12) and the foundation (03), a compensating bearing, in particular a spherical bearing or elastomer bearing, is arranged.