EP2467918A2

EP2467918A2 - Electrical charging device

Info

Publication number: EP2467918A2
Application number: EP10742848A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Volker Diedrichs; Alfred Beekmann
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Wobben Properties GmbH
Priority date: 2009-08-19
Filing date: 2010-08-17
Publication date: 2012-06-27
Also published as: JP5844421B2; CA2769622A1; CL2012000408A1; JP2014212693A; BR112012003145B1; TW201121192A; EA023215B1; EA201401233A1; EA201270285A1; NZ597990A; KR20120056266A; TWI450469B; DE102009038033A1; IL217724A0; KR101422366B1; AU2010285031B2; CN102625970A; JP5992827B2; IL217724A; MX2012001951A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a charging device (1) for charging electrical stores (28) of electric vehicles, comprising a feed unit (2) for feeding electrical energy into an electrical AC grid (14) comprising an electrical intermediate DC circuit (6) for intermediately storing electrical energy, having an intermediate circuit voltage, and an inverter (8) provided for converting a DC current and/or a DC voltage of the intermediate DC circuit (6) into an AC current, for feeding into the electrical AC grid (14) and for converting an AC current from the AC grid (14) into a DC current and/or into a DC voltage for feeding into the intermediate DC circuit (6), and at least one rechargeable battery unit (4) and/or at least one charging connection for connecting a rechargeable battery unit (4) for at least partially charging one of the electrical stores (28) from the intermediate DC circuit (6) and/or for at least partially discharging one of the electrical stores (28) into the intermediate DC circuit (6).

Description

Electric charging device

The present invention relates to a charging device for charging electric storage of electric vehicles. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a wind turbine and further also an electric filling station and the use of a feed unit of a wind turbine and a method for controlling a connected to an AC power charging device.

Due to the worldwide energy shortage of fossil fuels as well as the known poor efficiency of gasoline engines and even of diesel engines, electric vehicles are becoming increasingly important. Under an electric vehicle is in this case in particular a car to understand, which is driven by means of an electric motor - or more electric motors. This can also include so-called hybrid vehicles, which can not only be moved by means of an electric motor, but additionally have another engine, such as an internal combustion engine.

Such electric vehicles often store their energy in electrical storage, especially batteries. According to the present invention and the following description, electric storage devices or batteries are to be understood as meaning in particular electric storage devices which can store the electrical energy for the electric traction motor or the several electric traction motors of an electric vehicle. An electric vehicle in this sense can be referred to in particular as an electric car. The storage capacities of such electrical storage may be, for example, 30 to 50kWh, typically 35kWh.

Hereinafter, an electric storage will also be referred to as a rechargeable battery or a short battery.

In particular, two general concepts can be distinguished for charging such rechargeable batteries. According to one concept, the batteries are charged directly to the car, leaving the battery on the car or other electric vehicle. Another concept proposes to use a fully or partially discharged accumulator against a charged accumulator. rule. The vehicle in question thus travels to a location where at least one identical accumulator is provided in the charged state and exchanges the completely or partially discharged accumulator for this accumulator provided. The completely or partially remaining accumulator can then be charged, while the relevant electric vehicle can continue driving.

Such an accumulator exchange may preferably be provided at a central location, such as a so-called electric filling station. Under electric filling station is thus a place to understand where an electric vehicle can absorb electrical energy. To ensure reasonable availability, such an electric filling station must have a large number of rechargeable batteries in stock. For example, assuming 50 in-stock accumulators to be recharged at a charging power of 50 to 100 kW per accumulator, this exemplified electric charging station must have a charging power of 2.5 to 5 MW. Such charging power not only places high demands on the charging device as such, but also on the connection to a supply network or to a corresponding branch of the supply network which leads to said electric charging station, that is to say to the charging device.

It should be noted that in the case of an expected increase in electric vehicles, not only an electric filling station, but also several, optimally, many charging stations distributed across the area, or that such a situation would be desirable for electric vehicle users.

As a general state of the art, attention is drawn to the following documents: DE 103 31 084 A1, WO 2005/008808 A2, US 2006/0192435 A1, DE 100 08 028 A1 and publication by Dirk Uwe Sauer, "Electrical Energy Storage in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles" The present invention is therefore based on the problem of proposing a solution for at least one of the problems or challenges described above In view of the peculiarities of an electrical supply network involved, it is proposed to provide a plurality of accumulators.

Such a charging device comprises a feed unit for feeding electrical energy into an electrical alternating voltage network and an accumulator unit or a charging port for connecting an accumulator unit for charging and / or discharging one of the electrical storages.

The feed unit comprises a DC electrical intermediate circuit for temporarily storing electrical energy. The DC electrical intermediate circuit has an intermediate circuit voltage, wherein this intermediate circuit voltage does not have to be constant.

Furthermore, the feed unit comprises a converter - also called a frequency converter or inverter - which is prepared for converting a direct current or a DC voltage from the DC intermediate circuit into an AC current for feeding into the AC electrical network. Likewise, the inverter is prepared to convert an alternating current from the alternating voltage mains into a direct current and / or into a direct voltage for feeding or charging the DC intermediate circuit.

According to the present invention, a charging device with only one accumulator gate unit or a corresponding connection can be provided. Nevertheless, it is over

For reasons of efficiency of several, in particular a variety of

To go out accumulator units. Each accumulator unit is intended to charge and / or discharge an electrical storage. It is below under

Loading or unloading understood also a partial loading or a partial unloading. Finally, the charging devices should be adapted to the respective accumulator as well as any other boundary conditions.

The energy for charging each connected accumulator is obtained from the DC link. It should be mentioned that the intermediate circuit memory itself can usually store only a small amount of energy and rather acts in the sense of a buffer.

When discharging a rechargeable battery, the energy or the discharge current is correspondingly conducted to the DC intermediate circuit. Discharging a rechargeable battery or a large number of rechargeable batteries connected to the recharging device is intended to supply electrical energy or electrical power to the AC mains. If energy is present in the accumulators, it can be fed into the AC mains for different purposes. On the one hand, a corresponding energy requirement can be met. In particular, an injection at peak load times is considered. This can temporarily turn off energy - A - the accumulators are fed at peak load times to meet the needs in the AC mains. At the end of such peak load periods, the corresponding rechargeable batteries can be recharged from the AC mains.

The energy of an accumulator of an electric vehicle is low compared to conventional energy required in an electrical alternating voltage network, in particular those for covering the additional energy requirement at peak load times. According to the invention, it is possible and preferably provided to connect a plurality of accumulators to a charging device, so that the charging device can have a correspondingly high energy or feed-in power for feeding energy into the AC voltage network. Taking into account the use of several, in particular a variety, charging devices according to the invention, to each of which a plurality of accumulators is connected, so a considerable amount of energy and available feed power can come together. As a result, even a peak-load gas-fired power plant can be made redundant as the corresponding storage capacities of the accumulators come together.

For technical implementation, the charging device according to the invention is proposed. Electrical energy of one and in particular a plurality of accumulators can be supplied to the DC voltage intermediate circuit via corresponding accumulator units and fed into the AC voltage network by the converter. Preferably, the feed unit of the charging device is prepared to feed reactive power into the electrical AC power grid. Thus, it is possible that the charging device can also achieve a support of the electrical AC voltage network by feeding reactive power. As a precaution, it should be mentioned at this point that the supply of reactive power by feeding electrical current with a corresponding phase position compared to the phase position of the AC voltage in the AC mains can be done at the feed point. The details are familiar to the expert and it is referred to relevant literature, z. B. Mohan, Undeland, Robbins: Power Electronics; John Wiley &Sons; ISBN: 0-471-58408-8. As already explained, the present invention, and in particular an embodiment, is based on the finding that, with a corresponding increase in electric vehicles, an increase in so-called electric filling stations and thus preferably charging devices according to the invention may be expected, electric charging stations being distributed over the entire area like conventional filling stations. The ability of the charging device according to the invention to support the alternating voltage network is then particularly advantageous in locations which are far away from a large one the alternating voltage grid feeding power generator such as a power plant are. In other words, by a nationwide distribution of charging devices according to the invention, as is possible by electric filling stations, also a corresponding nationwide support of the electrical AC voltage network allows. A preferred embodiment proposes for a charging device according to the invention, the use of a feed unit of a wind turbine.

It is favorable in this case that feed-in units of modern wind energy plants are often already able to feed in reactive power into the electrical alternating voltage network. Rather, such feed-in units are otherwise adapted to a large number of requirements of the operators of electrical alternating voltage networks, are often FACTS-capable and also tested. The dimensioning of such feed units also fits into a use, for example as a charging device, for an electric filling station exemplified above, taking into account that modern wind energy plants already have a rated output of more than 5 MW.

In addition, feed units of wind turbines often have a structure as proposed according to the charging device according to the invention, namely the use of a DC voltage intermediate circuit with a converter or inverter. It therefore only needs each accumulator unit for charging and / or discharging a battery adapted only to the DC voltage intermediate circuit of the feed unit of a wind turbine and connected to it. It is not necessary but possible that a wind turbine itself is provided, so all the components that are required to connect said DC intermediate circuit to the generator, and the generator, the rotor including rotor blades themselves. Of course, adapted to the feed unit of a wind turbine transformer also be used together with a charging device according to the invention.

Preferably, the feed unit is prepared to control the DC link voltage to a predetermined value. Depending on the operating status, there is generally an optimum value for the DC link voltage. This should be as low as possible to protect involved semiconductor devices to achieve the longest possible lifetime. At the same time, however, this value must be selected as high as necessary so that, in particular, it can be fed into the AC voltage network. Preferably, the feed unit is designed for a so-called 4-quadrant operation. In the present case, this is understood to mean an operation in which active power can be fed into the AC mains or removed from the AC mains. In addition, either reactive power can be fed into or removed from the AC voltage network. Both possibilities for active power on the one hand and reactive power on the other hand can be combined so that operation in each of the corresponding 4 quadrants is possible. Of course, active power and / or reactive power can each assume the value zero or at the same time.

In order to ensure such a 4-quadrant operation, for example, a feed unit may be provided which can ensure a bidirectional operation, namely fed from the DC voltage intermediate circuit of AC in the AC mains and - in the other direction - from the AC electrical network DC into the DC voltage intermediate circuit feed or to the DC intermediate circuit. According to a further embodiment, the charging device has an input interface or input interface for inputting an active power setpoint for predetermining an active power to be fed into or from the alternating voltage network, and / or for inputting a reactive power setpoint for predetermining or extracting from the alternating voltage network. the reactive power. In this case, it is thus provided to predetermine this active power setpoint and / or reactive power setpoint externally. The loading device will then - as far as possible - this specification or specifications. The active power setpoint and the reactive power setpoint can basically be treated differently.

The specification of an active power setpoint primarily relates to a qualitative indication, namely, in particular, whether active power is to be fed into the alternating voltage network or can be taken from it. Although the size of the effective power to be extracted or active power to be fed in can also be specified in principle, it also depends essentially on the capacity of the connected accumulators.

Preferably, according to maximum active power is fed or maximum active power taken.

The reactive power setpoint also includes the information as to whether reactive power is to be fed in or taken from the alternating voltage network, wherein the reactive power setpoint, however, may preferably assume any desired values, in particular within specified limits. In other words, the setpoint is here gradually specified. It should also be noted that the supply or removal of reactive power is basically independent of the capacity of the connected accumulators.

By said external specification, both an active power setpoint and a reactive power setpoint, can be responded to the needs of the network accordingly. The balancing of peak load times or the removal of active power with corresponding excess power supply or energy oversupply on the one hand can, in principle, be achieved independently and simultaneously with the support of the AC voltage network in terms of the transmission characteristics of the AC voltage network or a corresponding subsection. By an external specification of these two setpoints, which can be done for example by the network operator, a coordination of several coupled to the alternating voltage network charging devices and thus a targeted and differentiated influence on the network state is possible in total. This too is proposed according to an embodiment of the invention.

A further embodiment proposes that the at least one accumulator unit, in particular each accumulator unit, is electrically connected to the DC intermediate circuit and that optionally the charging device and in particular the at least one accumulator unit - preferably all accumulator units - is or are designed to be insensitive to variations in the DC link voltage. Thus, despite connected accumulator unit, the feed unit can be operated so that a variation of the amplitude of the intermediate circuit voltage and thus the setting of an optimum value of the intermediate circuit voltage is possible.

Basically, the skilled person knows how insensitivity, which is also referred to as robustness in technical terms, can be achieved. It is clear that the accumulator unit must be adapted to the expected range of variation. In other words, in addition to a voltage resistance, the accumulator unit must be designed so that they can control a charge current at the lowest expected DC link voltage and that they can control a discharge to the DC link with the largest expected DC link voltage. The accumulator unit should be able to comply with the charging laws - which also apply to unloading.

Furthermore, the accumulator unit should be matched in terms of their dynamics to the dynamics of the feed unit. This is done in such a way that the dynamics of the Supply unit is set much faster than the dynamics of Akkumula- toreinheit. In other words, time constants of the supply unit - such as the choice or vote a throttle, a DC link capacity and drive times and time constants of filters of the measurement and control structure - are chosen to be as small as possible, whereas corresponding time constants of the accumulator are chosen to be correspondingly large. As a result, it is desirable that the feed unit has a dominant time constant that is at least a factor of 10 smaller than the dominant time constant of the accumulator unit. Such a design is also known as hierarchization and avoids an unwanted mutual influence on the regulations of the feed unit and the accumulator unit.

According to a further embodiment, it is proposed that the charging device comprises a network service control unit for coordinating the control of the feed unit and the at least one accumulator unit. As a basis, the network service control unit may obtain external default values such as the active power setpoint and the reactive power setpoint. In particular, the realization of the active power setpoint requires a coordination between the supply unit and the accumulator units, so that in particular the fed into the network active power can be provided by the accumulator units and thus by the accumulators DC voltage intermediate circuit or thus the required for charging the batteries active power from the Net is taken. In particular, the network service detection unit is in communication with each accumulator unit, in particular a control unit provided there, and is in communication with an inverter control unit for controlling the inverter. In accordance with a further embodiment, the accumulator unit or each accumulator unit comprises a step-down converter connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit and / or a step-up converter connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit. The buck converter is provided for controlling a charging current, in particular according to a charging law for charging the connected battery, from the DC voltage intermediate circuit. Accordingly, the boost converter is provided to control a discharge current and supply the DC link.

Thus, according to one embodiment, a charging device can be provided in a simple manner by using a feed unit of a wind energy plant, wherein this has a DC voltage intermediate circuit and is connected to this DC bus. An intermediate converter and a boost converter for each parallel to be charged accumulator unit are connected to control a charging current or discharge current.

The at least one accumulator unit-in particular each accumulator unit-preferably has an accumulator control unit which detects the charge or discharge current and / or a corresponding charge voltage. This charging voltage corresponds to

Basically the voltage at the connected accumulator unit. Preferably, the charge state of the connected accumulator is determined from these measured values.

Furthermore, the respective charging power or discharging power of the connected accumulator can be determined.

Preferably, a plurality of accumulator units are provided in order to load and / or unload one accumulator in full or in part. Each accumulator unit is basically prepared to charge or discharge the connected accumulator individually. The individual charging or discharging must take into account in particular the respective state of charge as well as the type of the connected accumulator. It is important that the accumulator units can independently charge or discharge the connected accumulator. Depending on the respective accumulator to be charged or discharged, it may be appropriate to use a correspondingly adapted accumulator unit. All accumulator units are adapted for connection to the DC voltage intermediate circuit. The feeding of electrical power into the alternating voltage network or the removal of required power from the alternating voltage network is largely independent of the type of accumulator unit. Basically, only the loading capacity needs to be considered.

According to a further embodiment, it is proposed that the feed unit is prepared for connection to a wind turbine in order to establish an electrical connection between the wind turbine and the DC intermediate circuit. In particular, when using a feed unit of a wind turbine, this is an easy to implement feature. By this measure it is achieved that electrical energy, which was obtained from wind energy by means of the wind energy plant, can be used to charge connected accumulators. An adaptation of the wind turbine needs otherwise not be required. For example, the charging of the accumulators can be adapted to the available wind energy. Likewise, the electrical power generated by the wind energy plant - basically in a known manner - fed into the electrical AC power grid. Preferably, the charging device has a switching means for selecting an operation with or without wind energy plant and an operation with or without accumulator unit - or more Akkumulatoreinheiten - on. Thus, the switching means can choose between 4 operating states, wherein the implementation can be made for example by two switching means, namely to select an operation with or without wind turbine with a switching means and select with or without accumulator unit with another switching means. The provision of such a switching means has the advantage that in the manufacture of the charging device does not need to be known and thus does not need to be considered in which configuration the charging device is to be used. This makes it possible to reduce the production variation. In addition, it can also be decided later to select another operating state. Particularly preferred in this case is a charging device which uses a charging connection for connecting an accumulator unit. Thus, it is even possible to initially provide a charging device only for operation with a wind energy plant for feeding energy generated in an AC voltage network. If appropriate, it may later be decided, for example, to provide accumulator units for charging accumulators at or in the vicinity of the wind power plant.

It should be noted that an operating state, both without wind energy plant and without accumulator units can be useful, because this still a grid support with respect to feed or removal of reactive power is possible. Preferably, the loading device, in particular the feed unit is FACTS-capable.

FACTS is defined as "Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System." FACTS is defined by the IEEE as a system based on power electronics and other static equipment that controls control of one or more AC transmission system parameters to improve controllability and capability to increase power transmission (see "proposing terms and definitions for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), IEEE transactions on power delivery, volume 12, issue 4, october 1997, pages 1848 to 1853.) Such FACTS characteristics are generally known to those skilled in the art One of the aspects of the mentioned FACTS capability is to feed reactive power selectively into or out of the AC power grid An easy way to realize such FACTS capabilities is to use a feed unit of a wind turbine having FACTS capabilities.

According to the invention, a wind turbine for converting wind energy into electrical energy is proposed, which comprises a charging device according to the invention or the components of such a charging device. According to one embodiment, this means that a wind turbine including feed unit of a wind turbine is additionally equipped with at least one accumulator unit and / or a charging port for connecting a battery unit, wherein a battery connected to the accumulator unit can be charged and / or discharged by means of accumulator unit and feed unit.

According to the invention, an electric filling station is also proposed which comprises a charging device according to the invention and / or a wind energy plant according to the invention. In addition, the electric charging station comprises at least one electrical storage unit connected to the charging device. The electrical memory is preferably one which is intended to be exchanged in the charged state for a completely or partially discharged battery of an electric vehicle. In other words, the battery connected to the charging is not in an electric vehicle, but can be installed in such an electric vehicle. Preferably, the electric filling station comprises a plurality of accumulators and is prepared to charge and / or discharge a plurality of accumulators simultaneously.

According to the invention it is also proposed to use a feed unit of a wind turbine as a feed unit of a charging device. In particular, the use in a charging device is proposed which has one or more accumulator units to be coupled to the feed unit. It can thus be used a feed unit, which is provided in all its features initially for use in a wind turbine, but according to the invention is used for a charging device. Optionally, the feed unit may be adapted for use in a charging device such that at least connections are provided for connecting an accumulator unit.

The invention also proposes a method for controlling a charging device connected to an AC voltage network for charging and / or discharging batteries of electric vehicles. In this case, at least one specification information is received by a control unit or the like, the specification information specifying whether and / or how much active power is to be fed into or removed from the alternating voltage network. Furthermore, the default information may additionally or alternatively specify whether and / or how much reactive power is to be fed into or removed from the AC mains. Such default information is received repeatedly. It is therefore preferably not about a one-time information, but this information is constantly updated, especially transmitted from a control center to the charger. This control center can supply several charging devices partially with different default information. Depending on the default information, the charging device is then controlled such that active power is fed into or removed from the AC power grid and / or reactive power is fed into the AC power grid and / or removed therefrom as far as possible according to the default information. Additionally or alternatively, the charging device is controlled so that at least one of the connected batteries is at least partially charged or discharged. With regard to the feeding of active power into the AC power network or the removal of active power from the same, a vote with the control of charging and / or discharging connected batteries is advantageous.

Preferably, a plurality of rechargeable batteries are connected to the charging device, which are charged or discharged individually, in particular independently of one another. This independence essentially relates to the respective observance of charging laws, which specify the manner of charging or discharging the respective accumulator, depending on the type and state of charge. On the other hand, with regard to the question of whether charging or discharging, a concurrent control of several or all connected accumulators is to be preferred. Preferably, therefore, either all accumulators are charged, or all accumulators are discharged. But it can also be provided an operation in which at the same time some accumulators are charged and others are discharged.

The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures.

FIG. 1 shows a structure of a charging device according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a further structure of a charging device according to the invention.

The charging device 1 essentially comprises a feed unit 2 and a plurality of rechargeable battery units or short battery units 4. The rechargeable battery units 4 are coupled to the feed unit 2, so that both an energy flow between them and an information exchange can take place. FIG. 1 shows by way of example two battery units. 4 and it is indicated that many battery units 4 - namely n - are provided. Theoretically, it might be sufficient to use only one battery unit 4.

The charging device 1 also has a DC voltage intermediate circuit 6, via which the supply unit 2 is energetically coupled to the battery units 4. Energy from the DC intermediate circuit 6 can be converted via the inverter 8 in a three-phase AC voltage. This is followed by a throttle 10, from which the three-phase alternating current generated by means of the inverter 8 is passed through a transformer 12, wherein the generated alternating voltage is highly transformed in its amplitude. The transformer 12 is finally connected to an AC voltage network 14.

Likewise, energy can be removed from the alternating voltage network 14 and fed by means of the inverter 8 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 6 as a direct current.

For controlling the inverter 8 for feeding electrical energy into the AC voltage network 14, an inverter control unit 16 is provided. This controls the inverter 8 both in terms of frequency, phase and amplitude of the voltage generated. The concrete specification of the pulse pattern can be provided in the inverter 8 as such or be specified by the inverter control unit 16. For controlling the inverter, the inverter control unit 16 requires information about the generated AC voltage and / or the AC voltage of the AC voltage network 14. For this purpose, a network reference unit 18 is provided which measures the AC voltage between the reactor 10 and the transformer 12 at an AC voltage measurement point 20, evaluates and information about it , in particular via the frequency, phase and amplitude of the voltage to the inverter control unit 16.

The measured and / or evaluated information is also transmitted from the network reference unit 18 to a network service controller 22.

The network service control unit 22 is essentially intended to coordinate the feed unit 2 and the accumulator units 4, inter alia, as a function of prediction values. For this purpose, the network service control unit 22 receives external default values via a default path 23, in particular a specification with regard to the supply or the removal of active power and / or the feed or the Withdrawal of reactive power. These default values can be transmitted from an external point via this default path 23.

The network service unit 22 gives corresponding information or control commands both to the accumulator units 4 and there to accumulator control units 30, as well as to the feed unit 2, in particular there to the inverter control unit 16.

The network service control unit 22 also receives information regarding voltage, current and / or power of the DC intermediate circuit 6 via the intermediate circuit measuring point 24. Corresponding information may be partially forwarded to the inverter control unit 16. Incidentally, a direct connection of the inverter control unit 16 with the intermediate circuit measuring point 24 comes into consideration. Furthermore, the network service control unit 22 obtains information regarding the network voltage via the network reference unit 18, in particular. Furthermore, the network service control unit 22 can also obtain information such as state of charge or available capacity from each battery unit, in particular the battery charge control unit 30.

To take into account a default value with regard to reactive power to be injected or to be removed, it is primarily or exclusively necessary to control the feed unit 2, in particular the inverter control unit 16. The battery units 4 are basically not affected. In order to take account of default values with regard to the active power to be injected or extracted, consideration and coordination of both the feed unit 2 and the accumulator units 4 are advantageous or necessary. In this case, the available charging capacity of each accumulator 8 connected to an accumulator unit 4 and, as a result, also the sum of all available charging capacities can be taken into account. It should be noted that a connection is provided between the network service control unit 22 and each accumulator control unit 30, that is to say the accumulator control unit 30 of each accumulator unit 4, which is only partially indicated in accordance with FIG.

Each accumulator unit 4 is connected to the DC intermediate circuit 6, so that power can flow from the feeding unit 2 to each accumulator unit 4, or vice versa. For this purpose, each accumulator unit 4 has a step-up converter and step-down converter block, which is referred to below as DC-voltage controller 26 and is connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 6. In fact, the same Current controller 26 does not indicate that in each case a boost converter and a buck converter is included in the classical sense, but that the DC chopper DC can control both from the DC voltage intermediate circuit 6 in the respective battery 28 and from the battery 28 into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 6. For controlling the DC adjuster 26, a battery charge control unit 30 is provided. This battery charge control unit 30 receives control values, in particular control supply values from the network service unit 22. In particular, it can receive control service values as to whether the respective battery 28 is to be charged or discharged, or whether it is neither to be charged nor discharged. It should be noted that the network service control unit 22 in addition to the described signal paths can also receive further information, for example, about the state of charge of one or more batteries.

For controlling the DC adjuster 26, the battery charge control unit 30 also receives information about the respective charge or discharge current to or from the battery 28 and information about the charging voltage or the voltage of the battery 28. For this purpose, the corresponding voltage and the corresponding current at the battery meter 32 and input to the battery charging control unit 30. The battery point can be used to measure voltage, current and power.

FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, two rechargeable batteries. Preferably, rechargeable batteries, in particular lithium-ion rechargeable batteries of electric vehicles, are used and correspondingly charged and / or discharged.

For coupling the charging device of Figure 1 with a wind turbine, a coupling point 34 is provided. By way of this, the wind energy plant can be connected to the DC intermediate circuit 6 of the charging device 1. One embodiment provides that wind energy is converted by means of the rotor and generator into an alternating electrical current which undergoes rectification and can then be applied by means of the coupling point 34 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 24.

The loading device of FIG. 2 essentially corresponds to the loading device 1 of FIG. 1. For better clarity, the reference numerals of FIG. 2 correspond to FIG

Correspond to the last two digits or, in the last digit, the reference signs. render elements of the charging device 1 of Figure 1. In that regard, reference is also made to the explanation of the corresponding elements in the figure 1.

Thus, the charging device 201 has a feeding unit 202 and a plurality

Accumulator 204, of which, however, only one example is shown. Any connections shown to the exemplary accumulator unit 204 are also provided to the other accumulator units (not shown).

This also applies to the electrical memory 228 which is connected to the accumulator unit 204. The accumulator unit 204 has a DC converter 226, which comprises a boost converter and a buck converter and which is driven by an accumulator control unit 230. For recording voltage, current and

Power is a battery point 232 available.

The DC-DC converter 226 is coupled to the feed unit 202 and thus to the inverter 208 via a DC voltage intermediate circuit 206. The inverter 208 is controlled via the inverter control unit 216, which receives voltage, current and / or power at the intermediate circuit measuring point 224. The inverter 208 provides a power flow (both active and reactive) from the DC link 206 to a three-phase AC output 240, followed by a choke 210 and a line filter 242, and vice versa. In the case of a measuring point for voltage detection, in particular mains voltage detection, a switch 244 is additionally provided in order to enable an interruption to the AC voltage network 214. The mains voltage detection or network detection takes place by means of the network detection 218, which is comparable in function to the network reference unit 18 of the charging unit 1 of FIG. The network acquisition 218 is closely coupled to a so-called FACTS controller 222, which is comparable to the network service controller 22 of the loader 1 of FIG. 1. The FACTS controller 222, together with the network controller 218, may be considered as a stand-alone unit communicates with both the feed unit 202 and the accumulator unit 204.

Incidentally, the charging device 201 of FIG. 2 also uses a transformer 212 for connecting to the AC voltage network 214 for network connection.

FIG. 2 additionally shows a coupling via the DC voltage intermediate circuit 206 with a wind turbine 250 as an option. The wind turbine 250, of which a tower 256 is indicated, also has a generator 252 for generating an electrical, three-phase alternating current, which is rectified by means of the rectifier 254. is directed. The rectifier 254 thus provides an electrical coupling and connection 258 to the DC intermediate circuit 206.

The wind turbine 250 is controlled via the wind turbine control system 260. It is superordinated to a control plane 262, which can also supply default values to the wind turbine control system 260. Such default values may also specify whether active power is to be delivered to or removed from the AC voltage network 214, and / or whether and to what extent reactive power can be fed into or removed from the AC voltage network. Corresponding default values can be forwarded by the wind turbine controller 260 to the FACTS controller 222. Thus, by means of the FACTS controller 222, a tuning of the discharging and / or charging of connected accumulators 228 and the feeding or removal of active power and / or reactive power into and out of the AC voltage network is also possible.

Claims

claims

1. Charging device (1) for charging electrical storage (28) of electric vehicles comprising

- Comprises a feed unit (2) for feeding electrical energy into an electrical alternating voltage network (14)

- An electrical DC voltage intermediate circuit (6) for latching electrical energy with a DC link voltage and

- A converter (8), which is prepared for converting a direct current and / or a DC voltage of the DC intermediate circuit (6) into an alternating current, for feeding into the electrical alternating voltage network (14) and for converting an alternating current from the alternating voltage network (14) in one DC and / or in a DC voltage for feeding into the DC intermediate circuit (6), and

at least one accumulator unit (4) and / or at least one charging connection for connecting an accumulator unit (4) for at least partially charging one of the electrical accumulators (28) from the DC intermediate circuit (6) and / or at least partially discharging one of the electrical accumulators (28 ) in the DC voltage intermediate circuit (6).

2. Charging device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed unit (2) is prepared to feed reactive power into the electrical alternating voltage network (14), and / or wherein as a feed unit (2) a feed unit (2) of a wind turbine ( 250) is used.

3. charging device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feed unit (2) is prepared to control the DC link voltage to a predetermined value.

4. Charging device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized marked, that the feed unit (2) is designed for a 4-quadrant operation, namely designed to selectively feed active power into the AC voltage network (14), or from it to remove and / or reactive power in the AC voltage network (14) feed or remove it.

5. Charging device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an input interface for inputting a real power setpoint value for predetermining an AC voltage network (14) to be fed or extracted therefrom. power, and / or for inputting a reactive power setpoint for predetermining a reactive power to be fed into or out of the AC voltage network.

6. charging device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one accumulator unit (4) is electrically connected to the DC voltage intermediate circuit (14) and wherein optionally the charging device (1) and in particular the at least one accumulator unit (4) insensitive is designed in terms of variations of the DC link voltage.

A charging apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a network service control unit (22) for coordinating the control of the feed unit (2) and the at least one accumulator unit (4).

8. Loading device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one accumulator unit (4),

- A with the DC intermediate circuit (6) connected buck converter (26) for controlling a charging current for at least partially charging the electrical memory (28) and / or

- One with the DC intermediate circuit (6) connected boost converter (26) for controlling a discharge current for at least partially discharging the electrical memory (28).

9. charging device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, marked thereby, that the at least one accumulator unit (4) comprises an accumulator control unit (30) for controlling a or the boost converter and / or for controlling a or the buck converter and / or or to record:

a charge or discharge current,

an electrical charging voltage, in particular an electrical accumulator connected to the accumulator unit,

a charge or discharge capacity and / or

- A state of charge of a connected to the accumulator electrical storage.

10. Loading device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of accumulator units (4) are provided for at least partially loading and / or unloading each of an electrical memory (28).

11. Loading device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed unit (2) for connection to a wind turbine (250) is prepared to establish an electrical connection between the wind turbine (250) and the DC intermediate circuit (6).

12. Loading device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a switching means for selecting an operation

- with wind energy plant and with accumulator unit (4),

- without wind turbine and accumulator unit (4),

- With wind turbine and without accumulator unit (4) and / or

- Without wind turbine and without accumulator unit (4).

13. Wind energy plant (250) for converting wind energy into electrical energy, comprising a charging device (1) according to one of the preceding claims and / or components of a charging device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

14. Electric filling station comprising,

- A wind turbine (250) according to claim 13, and / or a charging device (1) according to any one of claims 1-12, and

- At least one of the charging device (1) connected to the electrical memory (28), wherein a preferred electrical memory (28) are provided to be replaced in the charged state against a fully or partially discharged electrical memory (28) of an electric vehicle.

15. Use of a feed unit (2) of a wind energy plant (250) as feed unit (2) of a charging device (1) for charging electrical stores (28) of electric vehicles,

the feed unit (2)

- A converter (8) which is prepared for converting a direct current and / or a direct current voltage of the DC intermediate circuit (6) into an alternating current for feeding into the electrical alternating voltage network (14) and for converting an alternating current from the alternating voltage network (14) into a Gleich - Ström and / or in a DC voltage for feeding into the DC voltage intermediate circuit (6), and

for at least partially charging one of the electrical stores (28) from the DC intermediate circuit (6) and / or for at least partially discharging one of the electrical memory (28) in the DC voltage intermediate circuit (6) is one or each one with the DC voltage intermediate circuit (6) coupled accumulator unit (4) used.

16. Method for controlling a charging device (1) connected to an AC voltage network (14) for charging and / or discharging electrical stores (28) of electric vehicles, comprising the steps:

- Receive a default information for pretending to feed active power into the AC voltage network (14), or to remove it and / or feed reactive power into the AC voltage network (14) or to be taken therefrom, and

- Controlling the charging device (1) to feed depending on the default information active power in the AC voltage network (14), or to be taken from and / or feed reactive power into the AC voltage network (14) or to remove therefrom, and / or

- Controlling the charging device (1) so that depending on the default information of at least one of the electrical storage (28) is at least partially loaded or unloaded.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that a plurality of the electrical accumulators (28) are connected to the charging device (1), in particular in each case an electrical memory (28) is connected to an accumulator unit (4), wherein each of the electrical Memory (28) is individually charged or discharged.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that a loading device (1) according to one of claims 1-12 is controlled and / or

in that the charging device (1) is coupled to a wind energy plant (250) for producing electrical energy from wind energy and is charged depending on the available wind energy and / or depending on the specification information of at least one of the electrical storage devices (28) with electrical energy produced from wind energy.