EP2460577B1 - Oil washing column and use for washing cracked gas - Google Patents

Oil washing column and use for washing cracked gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2460577B1
EP2460577B1 EP11009125.3A EP11009125A EP2460577B1 EP 2460577 B1 EP2460577 B1 EP 2460577B1 EP 11009125 A EP11009125 A EP 11009125A EP 2460577 B1 EP2460577 B1 EP 2460577B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
section
column
oil
gasoline
vessel
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EP11009125.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2460577A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Alzner
Christian Matten
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1406—Multiple stage absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1487—Removing organic compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a column according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Olefins such as ethylene or propylene are produced in plants for the production of hydrocarbons by the thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon-containing feed.
  • the longer-chain hydrocarbons of the hydrocarbon-containing feed are thermally decomposed in the presence of steam into shorter-chain hydrocarbons such as the desired products ethylene and propylene.
  • Such processes are referred to as steam cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrocarbon-containing inserts can be very different in terms of composition and the mixture of individual longer-chain hydrocarbons and in the aggregate state. Both gaseous inserts and liquid inserts are split, the liquid inserts generally having higher proportions of longer-chain hydrocarbons and a higher boiling point resulting therefrom. As such liquid inserts are, for example, naphtha or gas condensates in question.
  • a typical naphtha feed has a boiling point in the range between 160 ° C and 170 ° C, while usually gas condensates have a boiling point above 250 ° C.
  • the hydrocarbon-containing feedstock such as naphtha is fed into the convection zone of a cracking furnace, preheated to 550 ° C to 650 ° C and transferred to the gaseous phase.
  • hot process steam is now added to the hydrocarbon-containing feed steam.
  • the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon-containing feed and water vapor is fed from the convection zone into the heated gap or pyrolysis tubes of the fission or pyrolysis furnace.
  • Temperatures in the range of 800 ° C. to 850 ° C. prevail in the interior of the heated cans, leading to the splitting of the longer-chain hydrocarbons of the use into shorter-chain, preferably unsaturated hydrocarbons.
  • the added process steam serves the partial pressure reduction of the individual reactants, as well as the prevention a renewed juxtaposition of already split, shorter-chain hydrocarbons.
  • the residence time in the gap tubes of the cracking furnace is typically between 0.2 and 0.6 seconds.
  • the cracked gas leaving the cracking furnace at a temperature of about 850 ° C. consists for the most part of ethane, other olefins (propene) and diolefins and is rapidly cooled to about 400 ° C. in order to avoid secondary reactions of the very reactive cleavage products.
  • the thus cooled cracking gas is first fed into a so-called oil wash column.
  • the present invention relates to a column which can be used as such oil wash column and is also referred to in the art as a primary fractionator or oil quench tower.
  • a column as it is the subject of the invention is mainly used in plants for the production of olefins by means of steam cracking of a hydrocarbon-containing feed, such as naphtha or heavy boiling hydrocarbons.
  • a hydrocarbon-containing feed such as naphtha or heavy boiling hydrocarbons.
  • the hydrocarbon-containing feed is hereinafter referred to as naphtha, with naphtha being exemplified herein for hydrocarbonaceous feeds such as naphtha or higher boiling hydrocarbon compositions such as gas condensates.
  • the oil wash column is used in such a system to further cool the resulting cracking gas and in a first separation step, a fraction of heavy hydrocarbons, hereinafter referred to as oil fraction, condense and separate from the cracking gas.
  • oil fraction a fraction of heavy hydrocarbons
  • the separated oil fraction has a minimum temperature and is used as a heat carrier in further process steps of the plant.
  • Such an oil wash column consists of a cylindrical container which has a first feed for the cracked gas in the lower region. From the top of the column, a gas phase is withdrawn via a deduction, which consists of the cooled and separated from the oil fraction cracking gas. This gas phase is referred to below as the top product.
  • the oil scrubbing column is divided into two procedural parts, the upper part being called the gasoline section and the lower part being the oil section. Both in the oil section and in the Gasoline section mass transfer elements are arranged, wherein the oil section pollution-susceptible mass transfer elements and the gasoline section comprises mass transfer elements which have a higher efficiency than the mass transfer elements of the oil section.
  • the column In the upper part of the container, the column has a second feed, through which a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase as a detergent of the column is abandoned.
  • the column has at the lower end of the oil section a second flue, over which a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase is withdrawn, which forms the oil fraction.
  • a third feed via which at least part of the liquid oil fraction is fed to the oil section as a detergent.
  • the oil wash column serves to cool the cracked gas to a temperature range of about 100 ° C. and to precipitate the heavier hydrocarbons condensable in this temperature range.
  • the oil wash column is divided into the two sections or washing cycles, the gasoline section and the oil section.
  • the gasoline section fall to the lighter condensates, which consist mainly of hydrocarbons having 8 to 10 hydrocarbon atoms.
  • the oil wash column In the oil section hydrocarbons are condensed out, which have more than 10 carbon atoms. Therefore, the oil wash column generally has the proportion of the longer chain molecules increasing from top to bottom. Solid particles such as carbon blacks and tars are mainly precipitated from the gas phase in the lower oil section and present in the liquid phase.
  • the viscosity of the liquid phase in the column also increases from top to bottom. Therefore, the oil wash column in the lower oil section on pollution-susceptible mass transfer element. In the upper gasoline section, fewer polymers or longer-chain hydrocarbons are found. Therefore, mass transfer elements with a higher efficiency than the mass transfer elements of the oil section can be used here.
  • Such a prior art oil wash column is of JBF Emmiliano, W. Quadro, HZ Kister, and DR Summers in "War Strategies to Achieve Peace in a Primary Fractionator” (Spring National Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, March 21-25, 2010 ).
  • the condensing components contain monomers (these are, for example, unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as naphthene, ideen or styrene). These monomers can form polymers under certain conditions. These conditions would be polymerizable temperature range, occurrence of the monomers in a sufficiently large concentration, high residence time on the internals and the presence of rust. These influences are called "fouling factors”. Optimally, the formation of all four conditions is to be prevented.
  • oil wash columns of the prior art often suffer from polymer formation and laying on the lower mass transfer elements of the gasoline section.
  • the use of less polluting mass transfer elements is not possible here, otherwise the overall height of the column would increase unacceptably due to the increasing size of the gasoline section in order to complete the separation task.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, a column of the type mentioned in such a way that the problems with polymer formation and installation are minimized.
  • means are arranged at the lowermost end of the gasoline section, which are suitable to collect a large part of flowing down in the gasoline section liquid phase and the column of the invention is located at the bottom of the gasoline section, a third trigger for a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase having a flow connection with the means for collecting the flowing down in the gasoline portion liquid phase and a flow connection with a fourth feed into the container above the third trigger.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to increase the amount of liquid in the lower part of the gasoline section.
  • the downflowing liquid phase is collected here by suitable means and fed via a deduction, which is in flow communication with a feed above the deduction, the column again.
  • the column thus receives an additional circuit through which additional liquid phase or detergent is applied to the mass transfer elements in the lower part of the gasoline section in the lower parts of the gasoline section.
  • additional cycle relatively large amounts of liquid can be circulated, so that the residence time of the monomers is significantly reduced at the lower mass transfer elements of the gasoline section.
  • mass transfer trays such as sieve trays, valve trays, grid packs (also referred to as grid), structured packings and / or random packed beds arranged and arranged in the oil section baffle floors (also referred to as baffle tray), disk donut floors and / or cascade floors.
  • baffle floors also referred to as baffle tray
  • the aforementioned mass transfer elements in the oil section are characterized by a very low susceptibility to soiling.
  • the aforementioned mass transfer elements of the gasoline section are significantly more effective and therefore suitable for the gasoline section.
  • Cascading floors and in the gasoline section valve floors with downcomer are preferably arranged in the oil section.
  • cascade floors are used in the oil section.
  • Cascading floors consist of angular elements which are arranged parallel and spaced apart over the entire cross-section of the container. The angle tip points upward, so that the liquid flows down along the sides of the angle element.
  • the cascade bottoms are preferably arranged offset, i. such that the angular elements of an underlying cascade floor are just below the gaps of the overlying cascade floor.
  • Cascading floors are also characterized by good effectiveness.
  • valve bottoms are preferably arranged with downcomer.
  • valve bottoms with a lateral downcomer and valve bottoms with a central downcomer can be used.
  • Valve bottoms are characterized by high efficiency.
  • Valve bottoms are preferably used which have features of so-called pusher valves.
  • pusher valves are valves that are designed trapezoidal, that the liquid is directed by the gas flowing from below through the valve bottom gas phase in one direction, especially in the direction of the downcomer. By directing the gas phase, a directed liquid flow of the liquid phase is thus induced on the valve bottom.
  • dead spaces on the valve bottom are avoided with a long service life. This further reduces the risk of polymer formation in the gasoline section.
  • the cascade bottoms in the oil section used in this embodiment of the invention are extremely susceptible to contamination due to their angled design. A laying of such internals is therefore almost impossible.
  • the downcomer of the lowest valve bottom of the gasoline section forms the means for collecting most of the downflowing liquid phase.
  • This downcomer is in Fluid communication with the next arranged third trigger.
  • the container of the oil scrubbing column according to the invention has a trigger which is in flow communication with the lowermost downcomer of the lowermost valve tray in the gasoline section. From this downcomer so the liquid phase can be deducted, which is then abandoned according to the invention above a feed the gasoline section again.
  • the third trigger from the lower end of the gasoline section with a connection to a reservoir.
  • a connection to a reservoir By connecting the trigger with a reservoir can be collected in this embodiment of the invention, a large amount of liquid and be given up as return to the lower part of the gasoline section.
  • the column has a gas displacement line above the third outlet, wherein the gas displacement line has a connection to the reservoir and thus ensures pressure equalization.
  • the third supply preferably has a fluidic connection with the storage container.
  • a portion of the liquid phase is withdrawn from the reservoir and passed through the third supply in the acting as a detergent liquid phase of the oil section.
  • the withdrawn from the liquid reservoir liquid phase is cooled before being fed into the third feed.
  • the liquid phase withdrawn from the bottommost bottom of the gasoline section and fed into the reservoir is a gasoline fraction.
  • a portion of this liquid gasoline fraction is removed from the reservoir, cooled and mixed with the heavier oil fraction which forms the scrubbing agent of the oil section. This makes it possible in this embodiment of the invention to adjust the viscosity of the detergent in the oil section to the optimal process value.
  • the container below the oil section on a third procedural section which is referred to as heavy oil section
  • the container at the lower end has a fourth trigger
  • a fifth Feed which has a flow connection to the fourth trigger
  • the heavy oil section pollution-susceptible mass transfer elements preferably the same mass transfer elements as the oil portion having.
  • This embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable as an oil wash column for a hydrocarbon-containing feed, which boils heavier than naphtha.
  • the column is subdivided into three procedural sections, whereby in the lowest heavy oil section a so-called heavy oil fraction and in the overlying oil section the so-called oil fraction is separated from the cracked gas.
  • This embodiment of the invention works quite analogously to a column with two procedural sections, only the heavy oil section comes as an additional lowermost section of the column.
  • the column according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as an oil wash column in a plant for the production of olefins from naphtha or high-boiling hydrocarbon-containing inserts by means of cleavage of the insert.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a column 1 according to the invention with 2 procedural sections.
  • the column has a substantially cylinder jacket-shaped container 2 and is divided into the gasoline section 1 a and the oil section 1 b procedurally.
  • the pre-cooled cracking gas S is supplied at a temperature between about 400 ° C and 600 ° C of the oil scrubbing column 1 in the bottom region of the oil section 1 b.
  • the oil section 1 b of the oil wash column 1 in this case has a plurality of cascade bottoms 3, which are arranged one above the other. In each case adjacent cascade floors 3 are arranged so that the angle elements of an underlying cascade floor are arranged in a line with the gaps of the overlying cascade floor.
  • the cracked gas S flows through the entire container 2 of the column 1 from bottom to top.
  • a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase is used as a detergent.
  • the detergent 4 flows down the oil section from top to bottom and is brought into intensive contact with the ascending gas phase S by the cascade bottoms 3.
  • the proportion of the heaviest hydrocarbon elements is washed out of the rising gap gas phase S.
  • These collect as a liquid oil phase at the bottom of the oil section and are withdrawn from the bottom of the column 6.
  • the withdrawn phase 6 is cooled and freed of solid coke particles, to be subsequently used as detergent 5 at least partially in the column 1 again.
  • the upper gasoline section 1 a has several filtersumblelich on 1, 2 or more flooded valve floors.
  • two valve bottoms 7a, 7b are shown by way of example, which in this embodiment have a central drainage shaft 9a, 9b as 2-flooded trays.
  • a liquid hydrocarbon phase 8 is supplied as a detergent, which consists mainly of hydrocarbon having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, the gasoline fraction. This liquid phase is used for further cooling of the rising gas phase S and the further washing out of all gas phase hydrocarbons having more than 10 carbon atoms.
  • the downcomer 9 a of the lowermost valve bottom 7 a forms the means for collecting the downflowing liquid phase in the gasoline section 1 a and is fluidically connected to the lateral vent 10.
  • the collected liquid phase of the gasoline section 1 a is guided into the reservoir 11.
  • the reservoir 11 forms a liquid reservoir and serves as a template for the pump 12.
  • the column 1 a gas displacement line 14, which is connected to the reservoir 11 and provides pressure equalization.
  • the liquid phase 15 is preferably applied to the valve bottom 7b, which is arranged 2 floors above the lowermost valve bottom 7a.
  • the recycled liquid phase 15 is a liquid gasoline fraction. Part 16 of the liquid gasoline fraction 15 is led to an optional further processing.
  • Another part 18 of the liquid gasoline fraction 15 from the reservoir 11 is mixed with the liquid oil fraction 5 and the oil section 1 b as detergent 4 abandoned.
  • the cleaned and cooled cracked gas S leaves the oil wash column 1 overhead as top product 17th
  • valve trays 7a, 7b instead of the illustrated valve trays 7a, 7b, sieve trays (not shown) may also be used. Both the sieve trays and the valve trays are provided with serrated overflow weirs (not shown) and inlet weirs (not shown) in order to ensure the most controlled flow from the overlying mass transfer tray to the underlying mass transfer tray.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the column with 3 procedural sections, as used as oil wash column in the cleavage of a heavier than Naphta boiling hydrocarbon-containing insert.
  • column of the invention is divided into 3 procedural parts.
  • the function of the upper two parts, gasoline section 1a and oil section 1b is relative to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 ,
  • the same parts were provided in both figures with the same reference numerals.
  • the embodiment differs from the FIG. 2 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that a further hydrocarbon fraction is separated from the cracked gas S in the lowest section of the column 1.
  • a further hydrocarbon fraction is separated from the cracked gas S in the lowest section of the column 1.
  • separated hydrocarbon fraction 19 is heavier boiling than the oil fraction 1 b separated hydrocarbon fraction 6.
  • oil section 1 b and heavy oil section 1 c are separated by a chimney tray 22.
  • the chimney tray 22 has chimneys (not shown), through which the cracked gas from the heavy oil section 1 c in the oil section 1 b can rise.
  • FIG. 1 collected a liquid hydrocarbon phase 6 and abandoned together with a portion 18 of the liquid gasoline fraction 15 from the reservoir 11 and a liquid oil fraction 5 as a detergent 4 the oil section 1 b again.
  • a liquid, heavier boiling hydrocarbon phase is withdrawn via the fourth trigger 19 with a defined temperature.
  • the withdrawn liquid hydrocarbon phase is pumped in mainly as a heat carrier 20 in various other parts of the process plant 13.
  • the withdrawn liquid phase 20 for example in the Aufkochern of distillation columns as a heat carrier and is cooled by indirect heat exchange 12.
  • the cooled hydrocarbon phase 20 is then in the Heavy oil section 1c recycled as a detergent.
  • the heavy oil section 1 c has analogous to the oil section 1 b cascade floors 3 as mass transfer elements. This ensures a mass transfer between the rising cracking gas S and the descending detergent 20 and absorbs the heavy hydrocarbons in the liquid phase. A portion of the withdrawn from the lowermost end of the container 1 liquid phase 19 may optionally be performed to a further processing 21.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kolonne gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a column according to the preamble of claim 1.

Olefine wie Ethylen oder Propylen werden in Anlagen zur Herstellung von Kohlenwasserstoffen durch die thermische Spaltung eines Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsatzes erzeugt. Die längerkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffe des Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsatzes werden dabei unter Anwesenheit von Dampf thermisch in kürzerkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe wie die gewünschten Produkte Ethylen und Propylen aufgespalten. Derartige Verfahren werden als Steamcracken oder Pyrolyse von Kohlenwasserstoffen bezeichnet.Olefins such as ethylene or propylene are produced in plants for the production of hydrocarbons by the thermal decomposition of a hydrocarbon-containing feed. The longer-chain hydrocarbons of the hydrocarbon-containing feed are thermally decomposed in the presence of steam into shorter-chain hydrocarbons such as the desired products ethylene and propylene. Such processes are referred to as steam cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons.

Die Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsätze können dabei sehr verschieden hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung und des Gemisches aus einzelnen längerkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie im Aggregatzustand sein. Es werden dabei sowohl gasförmige Einsätze als auch flüssige Einsätze gespalten, wobei die flüssigen Einsätze in der Regel höhere Anteile an längerkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen und einen daraus resultierenden höheren Siedepunkt aufweisen. Als derartige flüssige Einsätze kommen beispielsweise Naphtha oder Gaskondensate in Frage. Ein typischer Naphthaeinsatz hat einen Siedepunkt im Bereich zwischen 160°C und 170 °C, während für gewöhnlich Gaskondensate einen Siedepunkt über 250 °C aufweisen.The hydrocarbon-containing inserts can be very different in terms of composition and the mixture of individual longer-chain hydrocarbons and in the aggregate state. Both gaseous inserts and liquid inserts are split, the liquid inserts generally having higher proportions of longer-chain hydrocarbons and a higher boiling point resulting therefrom. As such liquid inserts are, for example, naphtha or gas condensates in question. A typical naphtha feed has a boiling point in the range between 160 ° C and 170 ° C, while usually gas condensates have a boiling point above 250 ° C.

Der Kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Einsatzstoff wie Naphtha wird in die Konvektionszone eines Spaltofens geführt, auf 550 °C bis 650 °C vorgewärmt und in die gasförmige Phase überführt. In der Konvektionszone wird dem Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsatzdampf nunmehr heißer Prozessdampf zugegeben. Das gasförmige Gemisch aus Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigem Einsatz und Wasserdampf wird aus der Konvektionszone in die beheizten Spalt- oder Pyrolyserohre des Spalt- oder Pyrolyseofens geführt. Im Inneren der beheizten Spaltrohre herrschen dabei Temperaturen im Bereich von 800 °C bis 850 °C, die zur Aufspaltung der längerkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffe des Einsatzes in kürzerkettige, bevorzugt ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe, führt. Der zugegebene Prozessdampf dient dabei der Partialdruckerniedrigung der einzelnen Reaktionsteilnehmer, sowie der Verhinderung einer erneuten Aneinanderlagerung bereits gespaltener, kürzerkettiger Kohlenwasserstoffe. Die Verweilzeit in den Spaltrohren des Spaltofens beträgt dabei typischerweise zwischen 0.2 und 0.6 Sekunden.The hydrocarbon-containing feedstock such as naphtha is fed into the convection zone of a cracking furnace, preheated to 550 ° C to 650 ° C and transferred to the gaseous phase. In the convection zone, hot process steam is now added to the hydrocarbon-containing feed steam. The gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon-containing feed and water vapor is fed from the convection zone into the heated gap or pyrolysis tubes of the fission or pyrolysis furnace. Temperatures in the range of 800 ° C. to 850 ° C. prevail in the interior of the heated cans, leading to the splitting of the longer-chain hydrocarbons of the use into shorter-chain, preferably unsaturated hydrocarbons. The added process steam serves the partial pressure reduction of the individual reactants, as well as the prevention a renewed juxtaposition of already split, shorter-chain hydrocarbons. The residence time in the gap tubes of the cracking furnace is typically between 0.2 and 0.6 seconds.

Das mit einer Temperatur von ca. 850 °C aus dem Spaltofen austretende Spaltgas besteht zum größten Teil aus Ethan, anderen Olefinen (Propen) und Diolefinen und wird rasch auf ca. 400 °C abgekühlt, um Sekundärreaktionen der sehr reaktionsfreudigen Spaltprodukte zu vermeiden. Das derart abgekühlte Spaltgas wird als Erstes in eine sogenannte Ölwaschkolonne geführt.The cracked gas leaving the cracking furnace at a temperature of about 850 ° C. consists for the most part of ethane, other olefins (propene) and diolefins and is rapidly cooled to about 400 ° C. in order to avoid secondary reactions of the very reactive cleavage products. The thus cooled cracking gas is first fed into a so-called oil wash column.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Kolonne, die als derartige Ölwaschkolonne verwendet werden kann und im Stand der Technik auch als Primary Fractionator oder Oil Quench Tower bezeichnet wird. Eine derartige Kolonne, wie sie Gegenstand der Erfindung ist, wird hauptsächlich in Anlagen zur Herstellung von Olefinen mittels Dampfspaltung eines Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsatzes, wie Naphtha oder schwerer siedender Kohlenwasserstoffen, verwendet. Im Folgenden wird eine derartige Kolonne als Ölwaschkolonne bezeichnet. Der Kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Einsatz wird im Folgenden durchgängig als Naphtha bezeichnet, wobei Naphtha hier beispielhaft für Kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Einsätze wie Naphtha oder schwerer siedende Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzungen, wie beispielsweise Gaskondensate, steht.The present invention relates to a column which can be used as such oil wash column and is also referred to in the art as a primary fractionator or oil quench tower. Such a column as it is the subject of the invention is mainly used in plants for the production of olefins by means of steam cracking of a hydrocarbon-containing feed, such as naphtha or heavy boiling hydrocarbons. Hereinafter, such a column is referred to as an oil wash column. The hydrocarbon-containing feed is hereinafter referred to as naphtha, with naphtha being exemplified herein for hydrocarbonaceous feeds such as naphtha or higher boiling hydrocarbon compositions such as gas condensates.

Die Ölwaschkolonne dient in einer derartigen Anlage dazu, das entstandene Spaltgas weiter abzukühlen und in einem ersten Zerlegungsschritt eine Fraktion aus schweren Kohlenwasserstoffen, im Folgenden als Ölfraktion bezeichnet, auszukondensieren und vom Spaltgas abzutrennen. Um die Wärme des Spaltgases in der Anlage weiter zu nutzen, weist die abgetrennte Ölfraktion eine Mindesttemperatur auf und wird in weiteren Prozessschritten der Anlage als Wärmeträger eingesetzt.The oil wash column is used in such a system to further cool the resulting cracking gas and in a first separation step, a fraction of heavy hydrocarbons, hereinafter referred to as oil fraction, condense and separate from the cracking gas. In order to continue to use the heat of the cracked gas in the plant, the separated oil fraction has a minimum temperature and is used as a heat carrier in further process steps of the plant.

Eine derartige Ölwaschkolonne besteht aus einem zylinderförmigen Behälter, welcher im unteren Bereich eine erste Zuführung für das Spaltgas aufweist. Vom Kopf der Kolonne wird über einen Abzug eine Gasphase abgezogen, welche aus dem abgekühlten und von der Ölfraktion getrennten Spaltgas besteht. Diese Gasphase wird im Folgenden als Kopfprodukt bezeichnet. Die Ölwaschkolonne ist dabei in zwei verfahrenstechnische Teile unterteilt, wobei der obere Teil als Benzinabschnitt und der untere Teil als Ölabschnitt bezeichnet werden. Sowohl im Ölabschnitt als auch im Benzinabschnitt werden Stoffaustauschelemente angeordnet, wobei der Ölabschnitt verschmutzungsunanfällige Stoffaustauschelemente aufweist und der Benzinabschnitt Stoffaustauschelemente aufweist, welche eine höhere Wirksamkeit haben als die Stoffaustauschelemente des Ölabschnittes. Im oberen Teil des Behälters weist die Kolonne eine zweite Zuführung auf, durch die eine Kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Flüssigphase als Waschmittel der Kolonne aufgegeben wird.Such an oil wash column consists of a cylindrical container which has a first feed for the cracked gas in the lower region. From the top of the column, a gas phase is withdrawn via a deduction, which consists of the cooled and separated from the oil fraction cracking gas. This gas phase is referred to below as the top product. The oil scrubbing column is divided into two procedural parts, the upper part being called the gasoline section and the lower part being the oil section. Both in the oil section and in the Gasoline section mass transfer elements are arranged, wherein the oil section pollution-susceptible mass transfer elements and the gasoline section comprises mass transfer elements which have a higher efficiency than the mass transfer elements of the oil section. In the upper part of the container, the column has a second feed, through which a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase as a detergent of the column is abandoned.

Alle Angaben wie oben, unten oder seitlich beziehen sich im Rahmen dieser Anmeldung auf die Orientierung der Kolonne im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch.All information such as top, bottom or side refer in the context of this application to the orientation of the column in its intended use.

Die Kolonne hat am unteren Ende des Ölabschnitts einen zweiten Abzug, über den eine Kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Flüssigphase abgezogen wird, welche die Ölfraktion bildet. Am oberen Ende des Ölabschnittes befindet sich eine dritte Zuführung, über die zumindest ein Teil der flüssigen Ölfraktion dem Ölabschnitt als Waschmittel aufgegeben wird.The column has at the lower end of the oil section a second flue, over which a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase is withdrawn, which forms the oil fraction. At the upper end of the oil section there is a third feed, via which at least part of the liquid oil fraction is fed to the oil section as a detergent.

Wie bereits erwähnt, dient die Ölwaschkolonne dazu, das Spaltgas auf einen Temperaturbereich von ca. 100 °C abzukühlen und die, in diesem Temperaturbereich kondensierbaren, schwereren Kohlenwasserstoffe abzuscheiden. Um die Wärme der Kondensate auf unterschiedlich hohen Temperaturniveaus zu gewinnen, ist die Ölwaschkolonne in die beiden Abschnitte bzw. Waschkreisläufe, den Benzinabschnitt und den Ölabschnitt unterteilt. Im Benzinabschnitt fallen die leichteren Kondensate an, welche hauptsächlich aus Kohlenwasserstoffen mit 8 bis 10 Kohlenwasserstoffatomen bestehen. Im Ölabschnitt werden Kohlenwasserstoffe herauskondensiert, die mehr als 10 Kohlenstoffatome haben. Daher gilt für die Ölwaschkolonne generell, dass der Anteil der längerkettigen Moleküle von oben nach unten zunimmt. Feststoffpartikel wie Ruße und Teere sind hauptsächlich im unteren Ölabschnitt aus der Gasphase ausgeschieden und in der Flüssigphase vorhanden. Die Viskosität der Flüssigphase nimmt in der Kolonne ebenfalls von oben nach unten zu. Daher weist die Ölwaschkolonne im unteren Ölabschnitt verschmutzungsunanfällige Stoffaustauschelement auf. Im oberen Benzinabschnitt sind weniger Polymere oder längerkettige Kohlenwasserstoffe anzutreffen. Daher können hier Stoffaustauschelemente mit einer höheren Wirksamkeit als die Stoffaustauschelemente des Ölabschnittes verwendet werden.As already mentioned, the oil wash column serves to cool the cracked gas to a temperature range of about 100 ° C. and to precipitate the heavier hydrocarbons condensable in this temperature range. In order to obtain the heat of the condensates at different levels of temperature, the oil wash column is divided into the two sections or washing cycles, the gasoline section and the oil section. In the gasoline section fall to the lighter condensates, which consist mainly of hydrocarbons having 8 to 10 hydrocarbon atoms. In the oil section hydrocarbons are condensed out, which have more than 10 carbon atoms. Therefore, the oil wash column generally has the proportion of the longer chain molecules increasing from top to bottom. Solid particles such as carbon blacks and tars are mainly precipitated from the gas phase in the lower oil section and present in the liquid phase. The viscosity of the liquid phase in the column also increases from top to bottom. Therefore, the oil wash column in the lower oil section on pollution-susceptible mass transfer element. In the upper gasoline section, fewer polymers or longer-chain hydrocarbons are found. Therefore, mass transfer elements with a higher efficiency than the mass transfer elements of the oil section can be used here.

Eine derartige Ölwaschkolonne nach dem Stand der Technik wird von J.B.F. Emmiliano, W.Quadro, H. Z. Kister und D.R. Summers in "Warstrategies to achieve peace in a primary fractionator" (Spring National Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 21-25. März 2010 ) beschrieben.Such a prior art oil wash column is of JBF Emmiliano, W. Quadro, HZ Kister, and DR Summers in "War Strategies to Achieve Peace in a Primary Fractionator" (Spring National Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, March 21-25, 2010 ).

Das größte Problem derartiger Ölwaschkolonnen ist die Verschmutzung durch Polymerbildung. Für die Polymerbildung gibt es dabei mindestens zwei Gründe.The biggest problem with such oil wash columns is the contamination by polymer formation. There are at least two reasons for polymer formation.

Zum einen enthalten die kondensierenden Komponenten Monomere (dies sind beispielsweise ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe wie Naphtene, Idene oder Styrene). Diese Monomere können unter bestimmten Bedingungen Polymere bilden. Diese Bedingungen wären polymerisationsfähiger Temperaturbereich, Auftreten der Monomore in hinreichend großer Konzentration, große Verweilzeit auf den Einbauten und die Anwesenheit von Rost. Diese Einflüsse werden als "fouling factors" bezeichnet. Optimalerweise ist das Zustandekommen aller vier Bedingungen zu verhindern.On the one hand, the condensing components contain monomers (these are, for example, unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as naphthene, ideen or styrene). These monomers can form polymers under certain conditions. These conditions would be polymerizable temperature range, occurrence of the monomers in a sufficiently large concentration, high residence time on the internals and the presence of rust. These influences are called "fouling factors". Optimally, the formation of all four conditions is to be prevented.

Zum anderen verdampft der größte Teil der flüssigen Kohlenwasserstofffraktion, die dem Benzinabschnitt als Waschmittel aufgegeben wird, über den Benzinabschnitt auf dem Weg nach unten. Dies führt dazu, dass am unteren Ende des Benzinabschnitts die geringste Flüssigkeitsmenge und somit die größte Verweildauer der Flüssigkeit auf den Stoffaustauschelementen vorhanden ist. Zusätzlich steigt bei steigendem Rückfluss die Verdampfung der längerkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffe und damit die Temperatur des gasförmigen Kopfproduktes an.On the other hand, most of the liquid hydrocarbon fraction, which is added to the gasoline section as a detergent, evaporates over the gasoline section on the way down. This means that at the lower end of the gasoline section the smallest amount of liquid and thus the largest residence time of the liquid is present on the mass transfer elements. In addition, with increasing reflux, the evaporation of the longer-chain hydrocarbons and thus the temperature of the gaseous overhead product increases.

Daher kommt es häufig bei Ölwaschkolonnen nach dem Stand der Technik zu Polymerbildung und zur Verlegung an den unteren Stoffaustauschelementen des Benzinabschnittes. Die Verwendung von verschmutzungsunanfälligeren Stoffaustauschelementen ist hier nicht möglich, da sonst für die Erfüllung der Trennaufgabe die Gesamthöhe der Kolonne durch die zunehmende Größe des Benzinabschnittes in nicht akzeptabler Weise steigen würde.Therefore, oil wash columns of the prior art often suffer from polymer formation and laying on the lower mass transfer elements of the gasoline section. The use of less polluting mass transfer elements is not possible here, otherwise the overall height of the column would increase unacceptably due to the increasing size of the gasoline section in order to complete the separation task.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kolonne der eingangs erwähnten Art derart auszugestalten, dass die Probleme mit Polymerbildung und Verlegung minimiert werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object, a column of the type mentioned in such a way that the problems with polymer formation and installation are minimized.

Die vorliegende Aufgabe wird durch eine Kolonne mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Kolonne werden in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The present object is achieved by a column having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the column according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß werden am untersten Ende des Benzinabschnittes Mittel angeordnet, die geeignet sind, einen großen Teil der im Benzinabschnitt herabströmenden Flüssigphase zu sammeln und bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kolonne befindet sich am untersten Ende des Benzinabschnittes ein dritter Abzug für eine Kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Flüssigphase, der eine Strömungsverbindung mit dem Mittel zum Sammeln der im Benzinabschnitt herabströmenden Flüssigphase und eine Strömungsverbindung mit einer vierten Zuführung in den Behälter oberhalb des dritten Abzuges aufweist.According to the invention means are arranged at the lowermost end of the gasoline section, which are suitable to collect a large part of flowing down in the gasoline section liquid phase and the column of the invention is located at the bottom of the gasoline section, a third trigger for a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase having a flow connection with the means for collecting the flowing down in the gasoline portion liquid phase and a flow connection with a fourth feed into the container above the third trigger.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist, die Erhöhung der Flüssigkeitsmenge in dem unteren Teil des Benzinabschnittes. Wie bereits bei der Schilderung des Standes der Technik erwähnt, entsteht im unteren Teil des Benzinabschnittes, speziell an den untersten Stoffaustauschelementen des Benzinabschnittes, die größte Gefahr der Polymerbildung. Erfindungsgemäß wird hier durch geeignete Mittel die herabströmende Flüssigphase gesammelt und über einen Abzug, der in Strömungsverbindung mit einer Zuführung oberhalb des Abzuges steht, der Kolonne wieder aufgegeben. Die Kolonne erhält somit einen zusätzlichen Kreislauf, durch den in den unteren Teilen des Benzinabschnittes zusätzlich Flüssigphase bzw. Waschmittel auf die Stoffaustauschelemente im unteren Teil des Benzinabschnittes aufgegeben wird. In diesem zusätzlichen Kreislauf können relativ große Mengen Flüssigkeit zirkuliert werden, so dass die Verweilzeit der Monomere an den unteren Stoffaustauschelementen des Benzinabschnittes deutlich reduziert wird. Eventuell bereits gebildete Polymere werden durch die großen zirkulierenden Flüssigkeitsmengen quasi mechanisch weggespült. Die Abzüge, Zuführungen und strömungstechnischen Verbindungen sind dabei so angeordnet, dass eine reine Flüssigphase in die Kolonne zurückgeführt wird. Diese in die Kolonne zurückgeführte Flüssigphase wird dabei bevorzugt vor der Rückführung in die Kolonne abgekühlt.The basic idea of the invention is to increase the amount of liquid in the lower part of the gasoline section. As already mentioned in the description of the prior art, the greatest danger of polymer formation arises in the lower part of the gasoline section, especially at the lowest mass transfer elements of the gasoline section. According to the invention, the downflowing liquid phase is collected here by suitable means and fed via a deduction, which is in flow communication with a feed above the deduction, the column again. The column thus receives an additional circuit through which additional liquid phase or detergent is applied to the mass transfer elements in the lower part of the gasoline section in the lower parts of the gasoline section. In this additional cycle relatively large amounts of liquid can be circulated, so that the residence time of the monomers is significantly reduced at the lower mass transfer elements of the gasoline section. Possibly already formed polymers are virtually flushed away by the large circulating quantities of liquid. The prints, feeds and fluidic connections are arranged so that a pure liquid phase is returned to the column. This recycled to the column liquid phase is preferably cooled before being returned to the column.

Vorteilhafterweise sind im Benzinabschnitt Stoffaustauschböden, wie Siebböden, Ventilböden, Gitterpackungen (auch als Grid bezeichnet), strukturierte Packungen und/oder regellose Füllkörperschüttungen angeordnet und im Ölabschnitt Prallböden (auch als Baffle Tray bezeichnet), Disk-Donut Böden und/oder Kaskadenböden angeordnet. Die genannten Stoffaustauschelemente im Ölabschnitt zeichnen sich durch eine sehr geringe Verschmutzungsanfälligkeit aus. Die genannten Stoffaustauschelemente des Benzinabschnittes sind deutlich wirksamer und daher für den Benzinabschnitt geeignet.Advantageously, in the gasoline section mass transfer trays, such as sieve trays, valve trays, grid packs (also referred to as grid), structured packings and / or random packed beds arranged and arranged in the oil section baffle floors (also referred to as baffle tray), disk donut floors and / or cascade floors. The aforementioned mass transfer elements in the oil section are characterized by a very low susceptibility to soiling. The aforementioned mass transfer elements of the gasoline section are significantly more effective and therefore suitable for the gasoline section.

Bevorzugt werden im Ölabschnitt Kaskadenböden und im Benzinabschnitt Ventilböden mit Ablaufschacht angeordnet. In dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden im Ölabschnitt Kaskadenböden verwendet. Kaskadenböden bestehen aus Winkelelementen, die parallel und voneinander beabstandet über den gesamten Querschnitt des Behälters angeordnet sind. Die Winkelspitze zeigt dabei nach oben, so dass die Flüssigkeit entlang der Seiten des Winkelelements herabströmt. Die Kaskadenböden werden dabei bevorzugt versetzt angeordnet, d.h. derart, dass sich die Winkelelemente eines sich darunter liegenden Kaskadenbodens genau unterhalb der Lücken des darüber liegenden Kaskadenbodens befinden. Kaskadenböden zeichnen sich darüber hinaus durch gute Wirksamkeit aus. Im oberen Abschnitt, im Benzinabschnitt, werden bevorzugt Ventilböden mit Ablaufschacht angeordnet. Hierbei können sowohl Ventilböden mit seitlichem Ablaufschacht als auch Ventilböden mit zentralem Ablaufschacht verwendet werden. Ventilböden zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Wirksamkeit aus. Bevorzugt werden Ventilböden verwendet, die Merkmale von sogenannten Pusher-Valves aufweisen. Bei sogenannten Pusher-Valves handelt es sich um Ventile, die derartig trapezförmig ausgestaltet sind, dass die Flüssigkeit durch die von unten durch den Ventilboden strömende Gasphase in eine Richtung, speziell in Richtung Ablaufschacht, gelenkt wird. Durch das Lenken der Gasphase wird somit auch eine gelenkte Flüssigkeitsströmung der Flüssigphase auf dem Ventilboden induziert. Somit werden Toträume auf dem Ventilboden mit hohen Standzeiten vermieden. Dadurch wird das Risiko der Polymerbildung im Benzinabschnitt weiter reduziert. Die in dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung verwendeten Kaskadenböden im Ölabschnitt sind durch ihre winklige Ausgestaltung extrem verschmutzungsunanfällig. Eine Verlegung derartiger Einbauten ist daher nahezu unmöglich.Cascading floors and in the gasoline section valve floors with downcomer are preferably arranged in the oil section. In this embodiment of the invention cascade floors are used in the oil section. Cascading floors consist of angular elements which are arranged parallel and spaced apart over the entire cross-section of the container. The angle tip points upward, so that the liquid flows down along the sides of the angle element. The cascade bottoms are preferably arranged offset, i. such that the angular elements of an underlying cascade floor are just below the gaps of the overlying cascade floor. Cascading floors are also characterized by good effectiveness. In the upper section, in the gasoline section, valve bottoms are preferably arranged with downcomer. In this case, both valve bottoms with a lateral downcomer and valve bottoms with a central downcomer can be used. Valve bottoms are characterized by high efficiency. Valve bottoms are preferably used which have features of so-called pusher valves. In so-called pusher valves are valves that are designed trapezoidal, that the liquid is directed by the gas flowing from below through the valve bottom gas phase in one direction, especially in the direction of the downcomer. By directing the gas phase, a directed liquid flow of the liquid phase is thus induced on the valve bottom. Thus, dead spaces on the valve bottom are avoided with a long service life. This further reduces the risk of polymer formation in the gasoline section. The cascade bottoms in the oil section used in this embodiment of the invention are extremely susceptible to contamination due to their angled design. A laying of such internals is therefore almost impossible.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bildet der Ablaufschacht des untersten Ventilbodens des Benzinabschnittes das Mittel zum Sammeln des größten Teils der herabströmenden Flüssigphase. Dieser Ablaufschacht ist dabei in Strömungsverbindung mit dem daneben angeordneten dritten Abzug. In dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Behälter der erfindungsgemäßen Ölwaschkolonne einen Abzug auf, der in Strömungsverbindung mit dem untersten Ablaufschacht des untersten Ventilbodens im Benzinabschnitt steht. Aus diesem Ablaufschacht kann so die Flüssigphase abgezogen werden, die dann weiter oben erfindungsgemäß über eine Zuführung dem Benzinabschnitt wieder aufgegeben wird.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the downcomer of the lowest valve bottom of the gasoline section forms the means for collecting most of the downflowing liquid phase. This downcomer is in Fluid communication with the next arranged third trigger. In this embodiment of the invention, the container of the oil scrubbing column according to the invention has a trigger which is in flow communication with the lowermost downcomer of the lowermost valve tray in the gasoline section. From this downcomer so the liquid phase can be deducted, which is then abandoned according to the invention above a feed the gasoline section again.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, den dritten Abzug vom unteren Ende des Benzinabschnittes mit einer Verbindung zu einem Vorratsbehälter zu versehen. Durch die Verbindung des Abzuges mit einem Vorratsbehälter kann in dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung eine große Menge Flüssigkeit gesammelt und entsprechend als Rücklauf dem unteren Teil des Benzinabschnittes aufgegeben werden.To be particularly advantageous, it has been found to provide the third trigger from the lower end of the gasoline section with a connection to a reservoir. By connecting the trigger with a reservoir can be collected in this embodiment of the invention, a large amount of liquid and be given up as return to the lower part of the gasoline section.

Besonders bevorzugt weist die Kolonne oberhalb des dritten Abzuges eine Gaspendelleitung auf, wobei die Gaspendelleitung eine Verbindung mit dem Vorratsbehälter aufweist und somit für Druckausgleich sorgt.Particularly preferably, the column has a gas displacement line above the third outlet, wherein the gas displacement line has a connection to the reservoir and thus ensures pressure equalization.

Des Weiteren weist bevorzugt die dritte Zuführung eine strömungstechnische Verbindung mit dem Vorratsbehälter auf. In dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird ein Teil der Flüssigphase aus dem Vorratsbehälter abgezogen und über die dritte Zuführung in die als Waschmittel fungierende Flüssigphase des Ölabschnittes geführt. Bevorzugt wird die aus dem Flüssigkeitsvorratsbehälter abgezogene Flüssigphase vor der Zuführung in die dritte Zuführung gekühlt. Die vom untersten Boden des Benzinabschnitts abgezogene und in den Vorratsbehälter geführte Flüssigphase ist eine Benzinfraktion. Ein Teil dieser flüssigen Benzinfraktion wird aus dem Vorratsbehälter entnommen, gekühlt und mit der schwereren Ölfraktion gemischt, welche das Waschmittel des Ölabschnittes bildet. Dadurch gelingt es in dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung, die Viskosität des Waschmittels im Ölabschnitt auf den verfahrenstechnisch optimalen Wert einzustellen.Furthermore, the third supply preferably has a fluidic connection with the storage container. In this embodiment of the invention, a portion of the liquid phase is withdrawn from the reservoir and passed through the third supply in the acting as a detergent liquid phase of the oil section. Preferably, the withdrawn from the liquid reservoir liquid phase is cooled before being fed into the third feed. The liquid phase withdrawn from the bottommost bottom of the gasoline section and fed into the reservoir is a gasoline fraction. A portion of this liquid gasoline fraction is removed from the reservoir, cooled and mixed with the heavier oil fraction which forms the scrubbing agent of the oil section. This makes it possible in this embodiment of the invention to adjust the viscosity of the detergent in the oil section to the optimal process value.

Gemäß einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Behälter unterhalb des Ölabschnittes einen dritten verfahrenstechnischen Abschnitt auf, welcher als Schwerölabschnitt bezeichnet wird, wobei der Behälter am unteren Ende einen vierten Abzug aufweist, wobei sich am oberen Ende des Schwerölabschnitts eine fünfte Zuführung befindet, welche eine Strömungsverbindung zum vierten Abzug aufweist und wobei der Schwerölabschnitt verschmutzungsunanfällige Stoffaustauschelemente, bevorzugt die gleichen Stoffaustauschelemente wie der Ölabschnitt, aufweist. Diese Ausgestaltung der Erfindung eignet sich besonders als Ölwaschkolonne für einen Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsatz, der schwerer siedet als Naphta. In dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Kolonne in 3 verfahrenstechnische Abschnitte unterteilt, wobei im untersten Schwerölabschnitt eine sogenannte Schwerölfraktion und im darüberliegenden Ölabschnitt die sogenannte Ölfraktion vom Spaltgas abgetrennt wird. Diese Ausgestaltung der Erfindung funktioniert ganz analog zu einer Kolonne mit zwei verfahrenstechnischen Abschnitten, lediglich der Schwerölabschnitt kommt als zusätzlicher unterster Abschnitt der Kolonne dazu.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the container below the oil section on a third procedural section, which is referred to as heavy oil section, wherein the container at the lower end has a fourth trigger, wherein at the upper end of the heavy oil section a fifth Feed, which has a flow connection to the fourth trigger and wherein the heavy oil section pollution-susceptible mass transfer elements, preferably the same mass transfer elements as the oil portion having. This embodiment of the invention is particularly suitable as an oil wash column for a hydrocarbon-containing feed, which boils heavier than naphtha. In this embodiment of the invention, the column is subdivided into three procedural sections, whereby in the lowest heavy oil section a so-called heavy oil fraction and in the overlying oil section the so-called oil fraction is separated from the cracked gas. This embodiment of the invention works quite analogously to a column with two procedural sections, only the heavy oil section comes as an additional lowermost section of the column.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kolonne ist insbesondere zur Verwendung als Ölwaschkolonne in einer Anlage zur Herstellung von Olefinen aus Naphtha oder schwerer siedenden Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsätzen mittels Spaltung des Einsatzes geeignet.The column according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as an oil wash column in a plant for the production of olefins from naphtha or high-boiling hydrocarbon-containing inserts by means of cleavage of the insert.

Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Erfindung gelingt es insbesondere, die Gefahren durch Polymerbildung und Verlegungen in Ölwaschkolonnen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik deutlich zu minimieren.With the help of the present invention, it is possible in particular to significantly minimize the risks of polymer formation and transfers in oil wash columns compared with the prior art.

Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand des in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert werden.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the figure.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1
eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kolonne mit 2 verfahrenstechnischen Abschnitten als Ölwaschkolonne in einer Anlage zur Herstellung von Olefinen mittels Spaltung von Naphtha
Figur 2
eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kolonne mit 3 verfahrenstechnischen Abschnitten als Ölwaschkolonne in einer Anlage zur Herstellung von Olefinen mittels Spaltung von schwerer siedenden Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsätzen
It shows:
FIG. 1
an embodiment of a column according to the invention with 2 procedural sections as oil wash column in a plant for the production of olefins by means of naphtha cleavage
FIG. 2
an embodiment of a column according to the invention with 3 procedural sections as oil wash column in a plant for the production of olefins by means of cleavage of high-boiling hydrocarbon-containing inserts

Die Darstellungen der beiden Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Kolonne in den Figuren 1 und 2 sind schematisch und nicht maßstabsgetreu.The representations of the two embodiments of the column according to the invention in the FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic and not true to scale.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kolonne 1 mit 2 verfahrenstechnischen Abschnitten. Die Kolonne weist einen im Wesentlichen zylindermantelförmigen Behälter 2 auf und ist in den Benzinabschnitt 1 a und den Ölabschnitt 1 b verfahrenstechnisch unterteilt. Das vorgekühlte Spaltgas S wird mit einer Temperatur zwischen ca. 400 °C und 600 °C der Ölwaschkolonne 1 im Bodenbereich des Ölabschnittes 1 b zugeführt. Der Ölabschnitt 1 b der Ölwaschkolonne 1 weist dabei eine Vielzahl von Kaskadenböden 3 auf, die übereinander angeordnet sind. Jeweils benachbarte Kaskadenböden 3 sind dabei so angeordnet, dass die Winkelelemente eines darunter liegenden Kaskadenbodens in einer Linie mit den Lücken des darüber liegenden Kaskadenbodens angeordnet sind. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a column 1 according to the invention with 2 procedural sections. The column has a substantially cylinder jacket-shaped container 2 and is divided into the gasoline section 1 a and the oil section 1 b procedurally. The pre-cooled cracking gas S is supplied at a temperature between about 400 ° C and 600 ° C of the oil scrubbing column 1 in the bottom region of the oil section 1 b. The oil section 1 b of the oil wash column 1 in this case has a plurality of cascade bottoms 3, which are arranged one above the other. In each case adjacent cascade floors 3 are arranged so that the angle elements of an underlying cascade floor are arranged in a line with the gaps of the overlying cascade floor.

Das Spaltgas S durchströmt den gesamten Behälter 2 der Kolonne 1 von unten nach oben. Im unteren Ölabschnitt 1b wird eine Kohlenwasserstoff-haltige Flüssigphase als Waschmittel verwendet. Das Waschmittel 4 strömt den Ölabschnitt von oben nach unten herab und wird durch die Kaskadenböden 3 in intensiven Kontakt mit der aufsteigenden Gasphase S gebracht. Dadurch wird aus der aufsteigenden Spaltgasphase S der Anteil am schwersten Kohlenwasserstoffelemente herausgewaschen. Diese sammeln sich als flüssige Ölphase am Boden des Ölabschnittes und werden vom Kolonnenboden abgezogen 6. Die abgezogene Phase 6 wird gekühlt und von festen Kokspartikeln befreit, um anschließend als Waschmittel 5 zumindest teilweise in der Kolonne 1 wieder verwendet zu werden.The cracked gas S flows through the entire container 2 of the column 1 from bottom to top. In the lower oil section 1b, a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase is used as a detergent. The detergent 4 flows down the oil section from top to bottom and is brought into intensive contact with the ascending gas phase S by the cascade bottoms 3. As a result, the proportion of the heaviest hydrocarbon elements is washed out of the rising gap gas phase S. These collect as a liquid oil phase at the bottom of the oil section and are withdrawn from the bottom of the column 6. The withdrawn phase 6 is cooled and freed of solid coke particles, to be subsequently used as detergent 5 at least partially in the column 1 again.

Der obere Benzinabschnitt 1 a weist mehrere hautsächlich 1, 2 oder mehrflutige Ventilböden auf. In der Figur sind exemplarisch zwei Ventilböden 7a, 7b dargestellt, die in dieser Ausgestaltung als 2-flutige Böden über einen zentralen Ablaufschacht 9a, 9b verfügen. Am Kopf des Behälters 2 wird dem Benzinabschnitt 1 a eine flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffphase 8 als Waschmittel zugeführt, die hauptsächlich aus Kohlenwasserstoff mit 8 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, der Benzinfraktion, besteht. Diese Flüssigphase dient der weiteren Kühlung der aufsteigenden Gasphase S und dem weiteren Herauswaschen von allen Kohlenwasserstoffen aus der Gasphase, die mehr als 10 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen.The upper gasoline section 1 a has several hautsächlich on 1, 2 or more flooded valve floors. In the figure, two valve bottoms 7a, 7b are shown by way of example, which in this embodiment have a central drainage shaft 9a, 9b as 2-flooded trays. At the top of the container 2, the gasoline section 1 a, a liquid hydrocarbon phase 8 is supplied as a detergent, which consists mainly of hydrocarbon having 8 to 10 carbon atoms, the gasoline fraction. This liquid phase is used for further cooling of the rising gas phase S and the further washing out of all gas phase hydrocarbons having more than 10 carbon atoms.

Der Ablaufschacht 9a des untersten Ventilbodens 7a bildet das Mittel zum Sammeln der herabströmenden Flüssigkeitsphase im Benzinabschnitt 1 a und wird mit dem seitlichen Abzug 10 strömungstechnisch verbunden. Über den seitlichen Abzug 10 wird die gesammelte Flüssigphase des Benzinabschnittes 1 a in den Vorratsbehälter 11 geführt. Der Vorratsbehälter 11 bildet ein Flüssigkeitsreservoir und dient als Vorlage für die Pumpe 12. Zusätzlich weist die Kolonne 1 eine Gaspendelleitung 14 auf, die mit dem Vorratsbehälter 11 verbunden ist und für Druckausgleich sorgt.The downcomer 9 a of the lowermost valve bottom 7 a forms the means for collecting the downflowing liquid phase in the gasoline section 1 a and is fluidically connected to the lateral vent 10. About the side trigger 10, the collected liquid phase of the gasoline section 1 a is guided into the reservoir 11. The reservoir 11 forms a liquid reservoir and serves as a template for the pump 12. In addition, the column 1, a gas displacement line 14, which is connected to the reservoir 11 and provides pressure equalization.

Aus dem Vorratsbehälter 11 wird mittels Pumpe 12 die über den Wärmetauscher 13 abgekühlte reine Flüssigphase 15 dem Benzinabschnitt1a als Rücklauf wieder aufgegeben. Die Flüssigphase 15 wird bevorzugt auf den Ventilboden 7b aufgeben, welcher 2 Böden über dem untersten Ventilboden 7a angeordnet ist. Die zurückgeführte Flüssigphase 15 ist eine flüssige Benzinfraktion. Ein Teil 16 der flüssigen Benzinfraktion 15 wird zu einer optionalen Weiterverarbeitung geführt.From the reservoir 11 is cooled by the pump 12, the cooled over the heat exchanger 13 pure liquid phase 15 the gasoline portion 1a as return returned. The liquid phase 15 is preferably applied to the valve bottom 7b, which is arranged 2 floors above the lowermost valve bottom 7a. The recycled liquid phase 15 is a liquid gasoline fraction. Part 16 of the liquid gasoline fraction 15 is led to an optional further processing.

Ein anderer Teil 18 der flüssigen Benzinfraktion 15 aus dem Vorratsbehälter 11 wird mit der flüssige Ölfraktion 5 vermischt und dem Ölabschnitt 1 b als Waschmittel 4 aufgegeben.Another part 18 of the liquid gasoline fraction 15 from the reservoir 11 is mixed with the liquid oil fraction 5 and the oil section 1 b as detergent 4 abandoned.

Die gereinigte und abgekühlte Spaltgas S verläßt die Ölwaschkolonne 1 über Kopf als Kopfprodukt 17.The cleaned and cooled cracked gas S leaves the oil wash column 1 overhead as top product 17th

Alternativ können anstatt der dargestellten Ventilböden 7a, 7b auch Siebböden (nicht dargestellt) verwendet werden. Sowohl die Siebböden als auch die Ventilböden werden dabei mit gezackten Überlaufwehren (nicht dargestellt) und Einlaufwehren (nicht dargestellt) versehen, um eine möglichst kontrollierte Strömung vom darüberliegenden Stoffaustauschboden zum darunter liegenden Stoffaustauschboden zu gewährleisten.Alternatively, instead of the illustrated valve trays 7a, 7b, sieve trays (not shown) may also be used. Both the sieve trays and the valve trays are provided with serrated overflow weirs (not shown) and inlet weirs (not shown) in order to ensure the most controlled flow from the overlying mass transfer tray to the underlying mass transfer tray.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausgestaltung der Kolonne mit 3 verfahrenstechnischen Abschnitten, wie sie als Ölwaschkolonne bei der Spaltung eines schwerer als Naphta siedenden Kohlenwasserstoff-haltigen Einsatzes verwendet wird. Bei derart schweren Einsätzen wird die erfindungsgemäße Kolonne in 3 verfahrenstechnische Teile aufgeteilt. Die Funktion der oberen beiden Teile, Benzinabschnitt 1a und Ölabschnitt 1b ist dabei relativ analog zum Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1. Gleiche Teile wurden in beiden Figuren mit gleichen Bezugsziffern versehen. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the column with 3 procedural sections, as used as oil wash column in the cleavage of a heavier than Naphta boiling hydrocarbon-containing insert. In such heavy operations column of the invention is divided into 3 procedural parts. The function of the upper two parts, gasoline section 1a and oil section 1b is relative to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 , The same parts were provided in both figures with the same reference numerals.

Im Wesentlichen unterscheidet sich das Ausführungsbeispiel der Figur 2 von dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 dadurch, dass im untersten Abschnitt der Kolonne 1 eine weitere Kohlenwasserstofffraktion aus dem Spaltgas S abgetrennt wird. Die im untersten Abschnitt 1c, im Folgenden als Schwerölabschnitt 1 c bezeichnet, abgetrennte Kohlenwasserstofffraktion 19 ist dabei schwerer siedende als die im Ölabschnitt 1 b abgetrennte Kohlenwasserstofffraktion 6. Um die Kohlenwasserstofffraktion 6 analog zum Ausführungsbeispiel aus Figur 1 abzutrennen und als Teil des Waschmittels 4 des Ölabschnitts 1 b zu verwenden, sind Ölabschnitt 1b und Schwerölabschnitt 1 c durch einen Kaminboden 22 voneinander getrennt. Der Kaminboden 22 weist Kamine (nicht dargestellt) auf, durch die das Spaltgas vom Schwerölabschnitt 1 c in den Ölabschnitt 1 b aufsteigen kann. Auf dem Kaminboden 22 wird analog zu Figur 1 eine flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffphase 6 gesammelt und zusammen mit einem Teil 18 der flüssigen Benzinfraktion 15 aus dem Vorratsbehälter 11 und einer flüssigen Ölfraktion 5 als Waschmittels 4 dem Ölabschnitt 1 b wieder aufgegeben.Essentially, the embodiment differs from the FIG. 2 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that a further hydrocarbon fraction is separated from the cracked gas S in the lowest section of the column 1. In the bottom section 1c, hereinafter referred to as heavy oil section 1 c, separated hydrocarbon fraction 19 is heavier boiling than the oil fraction 1 b separated hydrocarbon fraction 6. To the hydrocarbon fraction 6 analogous to the embodiment of FIG. 1 to be separated and used as part of the detergent 4 of the oil section 1 b, oil section 1 b and heavy oil section 1 c are separated by a chimney tray 22. The chimney tray 22 has chimneys (not shown), through which the cracked gas from the heavy oil section 1 c in the oil section 1 b can rise. On the fireplace floor 22 is analogous to FIG. 1 collected a liquid hydrocarbon phase 6 and abandoned together with a portion 18 of the liquid gasoline fraction 15 from the reservoir 11 and a liquid oil fraction 5 as a detergent 4 the oil section 1 b again.

Vom untersten Boden der Kolonne 1 wird eine flüssige, schwerer siedende Kohlenwasserstoffphase über den vierten Abzug 19 mit definierter Temperatur abgezogen. Die abgezogene flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffphase wird in hauptsächlich als Wärmeträger 20 in verschiedene andere Prozessteile der Anlage gepumpt 13. Dort dient die abgezogene Flüssigphase 20 beispielsweise in den Aufkochern von Destillationskolonnen als Wärmeträger und wird so durch indirekten Wärmeaustausch abgekühlt 12. Die abgekühlte Kohlenwasserstoffphase 20 wird anschließend in den Schwerölabschnitt 1c als Waschmittel zurückgeführt.From the bottom of the column 1, a liquid, heavier boiling hydrocarbon phase is withdrawn via the fourth trigger 19 with a defined temperature. The withdrawn liquid hydrocarbon phase is pumped in mainly as a heat carrier 20 in various other parts of the process plant 13. There, the withdrawn liquid phase 20, for example in the Aufkochern of distillation columns as a heat carrier and is cooled by indirect heat exchange 12. The cooled hydrocarbon phase 20 is then in the Heavy oil section 1c recycled as a detergent.

Der Schwerölabschnitt 1 c weist analog zum Ölabschnitt 1 b Kaskadenböden 3 als Stoffaustauschelemente auf. Dadurch wird ein Stoffaustausch zwischen dem aufsteigendem Spaltgas S und den herabströmenden Waschmittel 20 gewährleistet und die schweren Kohlenwasserstoffe in der Flüssigphase absorbiert.
Ein Teil der vom untersten Ende des Behälters 1 abgezogenen Flüssigphase 19 kann optional zu einer Weiterverarbeitung 21 geführt werden.The heavy oil section 1 c has analogous to the oil section 1 b cascade floors 3 as mass transfer elements. This ensures a mass transfer between the rising cracking gas S and the descending detergent 20 and absorbs the heavy hydrocarbons in the liquid phase.
A portion of the withdrawn from the lowermost end of the container 1 liquid phase 19 may optionally be performed to a further processing 21.

Claims (9)

  1. Column (1) for scrubbing a cracking gas which arises from the cracking of a hydrocarbon-containing feed such as naphtha or higher-boiling compositions, consisting of a cylindrical vessel (2) having
    • a first feed (S) for the cracking gas in the lower region,
    • and having a first draw (17) for a gas phase at the upper end of the vessel (2),
    • wherein the vessel (2) is divided into at least two processing sections (1a, 1b), the uppermost section being referred to as gasoline section (1a) and the section beneath as oil section (1b),
    • wherein the oil section (1b) has mass transfer elements (3) that are not susceptible to soiling,
    • wherein the gasoline section (1a) has mass transfer elements (7a, 7b) having higher efficacy than the mass transfer elements (3) of the oil section (1b),
    • wherein the vessel (2) has a second feed (8) for a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase as scrubbing medium in the upper section,
    • wherein the vessel (2) has a second draw (6) at the lower end of the oil section,
    • wherein the vessel (2) has a third feed (4) at the upper end of the oil section (1b), and
    • wherein the second draw (6) has, at the lower end cf the oil section (1b), a flow connection to the third feed (4) at the upper end of the oil section (1b),
    characterized in that
    • means (9a) arranged at the lowermost end of the gasoline section (1a) are suitable for collecting a large portion of the liquid phase that flows downward within the gasoline section (1a), and
    • there is a third draw (10) for a hydrocarbon-containing liquid phase which is at the lowermost end of the gasoline section (1a) and has a flow connection to the means (9a) for collecting the liquid phase flowing downward within the gasoline section (1a) and a flow connection to a fourth feed (15) into the vessel (2) above the third draw (10).
  2. Column (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in
    that mass transfer trays such as sieve trays, valve trays (7a, 7b), mesh packings, structured packings and/or random packings are arranged in the gasoline section (1a), and baffle trays, disc-donut trays and/or cascade trays (3) are arranged in the oil section (1b).
  3. Column (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized
    in that cascade trays (3) are arranged in the oil section (1b), and valve trays (7a, 7b) with downcomers (9a, 9b) in the gasoline section (1a).
  4. Column (1) according to any of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that the downcomer (9a) of the lowermost valve tray (7a) forms the means (9a) for collecting the major portion of the liquid phase flowing downward, and the downcomer (9a) is in flow connection with the third draw (10) arranged alongside it.
  5. Column (1) according to any of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that the third draw (10) from the lower end of the gasoline section (1a) has a flow connection to a reservoir vessel (11).
  6. Column (1) according to Claim 4, characterized in
    that the column (1) has a gas displacement line (14) above the third draw (10), said gas displacement line (14) having a flow connection to the reservoir vessel (11).
  7. Column (1) according to either of Claims 5 and 6,
    characterized in that the third feed (4) has a flow connection to the reservoir vessel (11).
  8. Column (1) according to any of Claims 1 to 7,
    characterized in that the vessel (2) has, below the oil section (1b), a third processing section (1c) which is referred to as heavy oil section (1c), wherein the vessel (2) has a fourth draw (19) at the lower end, wherein there is a fifth feed (20) which is at the upper end of the heavy oil section (1c) and has a flow connection to the fourth draw (19), and wherein the heavy oil section (1c) has mass transfer elements (3) that are not susceptible to soiling, preferably the same mass transfer elements (3) as the oil section (1b).
  9. Use of a column (1) according to any of Claims 1 to
    8 as oil scrubbing column in a plant for production of olefins from naphtha or higher-boiling hydrocarbon-containing feeds by means of cracking of the feed.
EP11009125.3A 2010-12-03 2011-11-17 Oil washing column and use for washing cracked gas Active EP2460577B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010053187A DE102010053187A1 (en) 2010-12-03 2010-12-03 Oil washing column

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EP2460577A1 EP2460577A1 (en) 2012-06-06
EP2460577B1 true EP2460577B1 (en) 2017-03-15

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EP (1) EP2460577B1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI1105575A2 (en)
DE (1) DE102010053187A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2625162T3 (en)
HU (1) HUE034723T2 (en)

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DE102014215437A1 (en) * 2014-08-05 2015-11-05 Basf Se Column for the thermal treatment of a fluid

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3738913A1 (en) * 1987-11-17 1989-05-24 Linde Ag Process and appliance for scrubbing sour/acid gases from gas mixtures
US6235961B1 (en) * 1999-01-29 2001-05-22 Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation Process for pretreating cracked gas before caustic tower treatment in ehtylene plants
MY122671A (en) * 1999-03-06 2006-04-29 Basf Ag Fractional condensation of a product gas mixture containing acrylic acid
MY135762A (en) * 2002-01-09 2008-06-30 Basf Ag Method for producing acrylic acid
FR2938453B1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-12-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole METHOD FOR REDUCING THE DEGRADATION OF AN ABSORBENT SOLUTION IMPLEMENTED IN A GAS DEACIDIFICATION FACILITY

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HUE034723T2 (en) 2018-02-28
EP2460577A1 (en) 2012-06-06
BRPI1105575A2 (en) 2013-03-12
ES2625162T3 (en) 2017-07-18
DE102010053187A1 (en) 2012-06-06

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