EP2456126A1 - Verfahren zum Messen einer Paketverlustrate - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Messen einer Paketverlustrate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2456126A1
EP2456126A1 EP10290621A EP10290621A EP2456126A1 EP 2456126 A1 EP2456126 A1 EP 2456126A1 EP 10290621 A EP10290621 A EP 10290621A EP 10290621 A EP10290621 A EP 10290621A EP 2456126 A1 EP2456126 A1 EP 2456126A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
network entity
data packets
communication
receiving
time period
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EP10290621A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2456126B1 (de
Inventor
Thomas Voith
Manuel Stein
Karsten Oberle
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Priority to EP20100290621 priority Critical patent/EP2456126B1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2011/070456 priority patent/WO2012069379A1/en
Publication of EP2456126A1 publication Critical patent/EP2456126A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0823—Errors, e.g. transmission errors
    • H04L43/0829—Packet loss
    • H04L43/0835—One way packet loss

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for measuring a packet loss rate in a packet-based communication network between a transmitting network entity and a receiving network entity of the communication network.
  • the present invention relates to a corresponding transmitting network entity, a corresponding receiving network entity and a corresponding system for measuring a packet loss rate in a packet-based communication network.
  • the present invention is motivated by the fact that segmental (not necessarily end to end) non-intrusive (passive) packet loss rate measurements are not possible so far.
  • segmental (not necessarily end to end) non-intrusive (passive) packet loss rate measurements are not possible so far.
  • QoS QoS Quality of Service
  • This information can be gathered by measuring packet loss rates.
  • a measurement does always have a negative impact on the bandwidth provided by these packet based communication networks. In order to provide an optimal QoS this negative impact on the bandwidth during a measurement has to be as small as possible.
  • the communication network is a virtual or a physical communication network.
  • the transmitting network entity can be a virtual or a physical network entity.
  • the receiving network entity can be a virtual or a physical network entity.
  • the N communication pipes Pi are virtual or a physical communication pipes.
  • Virtual means that entities like the communication network, the transmitting network entity, the receiving network entity, the communication pipes and/or network entities are software means or modules.
  • Physical means that entities like the communication network, the transmitting network entity, the receiving network entity, the communication pipes and/or network entities are hardware means or devices.
  • the present invention provides a surprisingly different and also simple approach - known form the prior art - to measure preferably aggregated or total packet loss rates of packet flows along the total or even a section of the communication path in a packet based communication network.
  • embodiments according to the present invention allow for passive loss rate measurements.
  • Embodiments according to the present invention can provide passive measurements of the packet loss rate of the entire IP traffic.
  • embodiments according to the present invention may not need any heuristic predictions or projections. Also it may not need any intrusive (active) measurements adding test traffic.
  • encapsulation techniques e.g. tunnels are used.
  • GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation protocol
  • embodiments according to the present invention can also be applied to unencapsulated traffic. In case of measuring packet loss rates of unencapsulated IP traffic some reserved bits of an IP header or an option of it may be required.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide to measure with a very low impact on the to be measured flow/streams/aggregated traffic the loss rate as said before, It is possible to perform this measurement of the packet loss rate segmentally covering always directly the real loss rate, wherein no projection or estimation may be needed or required. Thereby, embodiments of the present invention provide a new approach for obtaining the real packet loss rate.
  • interval syntax [a, b[ will be used, wherein a is in the interval [a, b[, but b is not in the interval [a, b[.
  • a distance delay time DDT is a time period which is related to minimum time required by a data packet for traveling from the transmitting network entity to the receiving network entity via the communication network.
  • MDT is the maximum delay time experienced by a data packet for travelling from the transmitting network entity to the receiving network entity via the communication network.
  • ⁇ C denotes the clock deviation between the transmitting network entity and the receiving network entity. The clock deviation ⁇ C may be given by the difference of a reference time Tref at the transmitting network entity and a reference time T'ref at the receiving network entity.
  • time period durations TS(j) and/or TR(j) are referred to as time period durations TS(j) and/or TR(j) respectively.
  • TS(j) and TR(j) denote the length of the time period TS[j] and TR[j], respectively.
  • constant time periods and/or constant time period lengths are independent of the argument denoted without the argument, e.g. a constant time period TS(j) can be denoted as TS, a constant time period length TR(j) can be denoted as TR.
  • the transmitting network entity sets the beginning time TS0(j) of the time period TS[j].
  • the transmitting network entity sets the beginning time TS0(j) of the time period TS[j] to the sum of a reference time Tref at the sending network entity and the respective time period TS[j].
  • the receiving network entity sets the beginning time TR0(j) of the time period TR[j] to the sum of a reference time T'ref at the receiving network entity, the respective beginning time period TS0(j) and a, preferably minimum, distance delay time DDT.
  • TR[j] shifted by an offset in time covering the distance delay time and possible clock deviations between RX and TX system.
  • the respective beginning time TS0(j) is a transmitting side beginning time of the time period TS[j].
  • the distance delay time DDT is constant and/or the time period length TS of the time periods TS[j] are constant.
  • the beginning time of TR0(j) time period TR[j] can be corrected by the clock deviation ⁇ C between transmitting and receiving network entity.
  • the clock deviation ⁇ C is omitted if the clock deviation ⁇ C equals zero or is negligible small. Negligible small means that the clock deviation ⁇ C may be at least 10 times smaller than the difference between maximum delay time MDT and distance delay time DDT.
  • the raster may define a relation between the communication pipes Pi and the index j by means i being congruent to j modulo N.
  • the receiving time window TR[j] may be larger than the respective transmitting time window TS[j]. Thereby, it is possible to cover variation and/or disordered data packets, and/or deviations of system clocks of the transmitting network entity and the receiving network entity.
  • NTP Network Time Protocol
  • synchronized system usually may deviate around 100 milliseconds.
  • the delay variation of data packets depends on the distance and used transmission technology. Therefore, preferably time periods of 1 second and more are applicable for this mechanism. Smaller intervals may be possible in more accurate systems.
  • the maximal duration of time periods TR(j) at the receiving network entity depend on the number N of communication pipes Pi.
  • ⁇ E may be an additional delay time period or ⁇ E may be an additional time period foreseen as a safety gap between measurements on the same pipe for not receiving any packets preferably.
  • the receiving network entity sets the time period duration TR(j) to a value bigger than the sum of respective time period lengths TS(j), the clock deviation ⁇ C, the maximum delay time MDT minus the distance delay time DDT covering the maximum possible delay variations between sending and receiving network entity and lower than next receiving period TR0(j + N) for the same communication pipes Pi with i being congruent to j modulo N.
  • the time periods TR[j] at the receiving side can be chosen such that they fulfill the following relations with respect to their lengths TR(j): TS j + ⁇ C + MDT - DDT ⁇ TR j ⁇ TR ⁇ 0 ⁇ j + N - TR ⁇ 0 j - ⁇ E .
  • the maximum delay time MDT or distance delay time DDT is determined by a certain quantile of measured delays between transmitting and receiving network entity.
  • the receiving network entity sets the time period duration TR(j) bigger to the sum of the respective time period duration TS(j), clock deviation ⁇ C and a factor f, which is preferably greater equal 1, i.e. f ⁇ 1, of the difference of the maximum delay time MDT and distance delay time DDT and small than the length of the next receiving time period beginning at TR0(j + N) for the same communication pipe Pi with i being congruent to j modulo N., i.e.
  • TS j + ⁇ C + f * MDT - DDT ⁇ TR j ⁇ TR ⁇ 0 ⁇ j + N - TR ⁇ 0 j - ⁇ E , with f ⁇ 1 and j 0 to M-1,
  • TS[j] of constant length TS and f ⁇ 1 it is TS + ⁇ C + f * MDT - DDT ⁇ TR ⁇ N * TS - ⁇ E .
  • the clock deviation ⁇ C is omitted if the maximum clock deviation ⁇ C is negligible small compared to the difference of the maximum delay time MDT and distance delay time DDT and the factor f is greater than 1, i.e. f > 1.
  • Negligible small means that the maximum clock deviation ⁇ C may be at least 10 times smaller than the difference between maximum delay time MDT and distance delay time DDT.
  • the time period duration TS(j) is at least 0.5 seconds.
  • the time period duration TS(j) can be smaller than 1 min.
  • the distance delay time DDT can be in regions of milliseconds for short distance measurements or range from 500 to 700 milliseconds for satellite connections and more depending on the location of transmitting and receiving network entities and a used transport network in the middle.
  • the difference of the maximum delay time MDT and distance delay time DDT grows with the distance between transmitting and receiving network entity on for instance in a routed IP network. Additional network elements and/or functions between transmitting and receiving entity, e.g. measurement segment endpoints, may also cause additional delay.
  • Other transport technologies for instance SDH (SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) are more insensible regarding the delay variation over distance.
  • the transmitting network entity initializes the measurement of the packet loss rate by sending a timestamp to the receiving network entity.
  • the receiving network entity determines a distance delay time DDT associated with the communication distance between the transmitting network entity and the receiving network entity.
  • the transmitting network entity initializes the measurement of the packet loss rate by sending a timestamp of TS0(j) and/or Tref information like index j to the receiving network entity.
  • the receiving network entity determines a minimum distance delay time DDT by determination of a certain quantile based on one way delay measurements between the transmitting network entity and the receiving network entity or by estimation due to knowledge on the transport technology associated with the network path beforehand.
  • a timestamp preferably the time stamp being TS0(j) and/or index j
  • the transmitting network entity provides the number of directed data packets TX-Ci of an respective time periods TS[j] to an analyzing network entity.
  • the receiving network entity provides the number of received data packets RX-Ci of an respective time periods TR[j] to the analyzing network entity.
  • the analyzing network entity calculates the packet loss rate by subtracting the number of directed data packets TX-Ci from the number of received data packets RX-Ci and divides the result of the subtraction by the number of directed data packets TX-Ci or by the length of respective time period TS[j].
  • the analyzing network entity is provided by the transmitting network entity, the receiving network entity or a further network entity which preferably is a network management entity of the communication network.
  • the measured packet loss rates are stored for enabling a performance analysis of the communication network, preferably by a network entity.
  • the network entity is a network management entity of the communication network, the transmitting network entity and/or the receiving network entity.
  • the measured packet loss rates can be stored by means of a data base, an analyzing network and/or an analyzing system.
  • the data base can be provided by an analyzing network and/or an analyzing system.
  • an analyzing network and/or an analyzing system is provided with measured packet loss rates, preferably with further data, directly or by means of a data base.
  • a packet delay variation which is the difference of the maximum delay time MDT and the distance delay time DDT
  • TS[j] or TS of the transmitting time periods are regenerated such that it is a rational relation between a packet delay variation, which is the difference of the maximum delay time MDT and the distance delay time DDT, and a measurement periodicity TS[j] or TS of the transmitting time periods.
  • the transmitting network entity inserts a packet marker in the packet headers of the directed data packets associated with the respective communication pipe Pi for using the communication pipe Pi during its correspondingly assigned time period TS[j].
  • the receiving network entity assigns the received data packets to the respective time period TR[j] in accordance with the packet marker of the received data packets.
  • the packet marker can be a communication pipe identifier.
  • the GRE key has a size of 32 Bits.
  • the GRE key comprises a number which was inserted by the encapsulator providing the packet marker.
  • SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
  • the packet marker can be inserted by means of using the option header.
  • TOS Type of Service
  • DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point
  • TOS Byte has a size of 8 Bit.
  • This array may be used for prioritizing of IP data packets and QoS.
  • the N communication pipes Pi are different physical channels or channels provided according to a time, frequency and/or code multiplex method, and/or a marking method.
  • the transmitting network entity is at a starting point of a communication path of the transmitted data packets or at a point within the communication path of the transmitted data packets.
  • the receiving network entity is at an end point of a communication path of the transmitted data packets or at a point within the communication path of the received data packets.
  • network entities like the transmitting network entity, the receiving network entity are selected from the group of routers, switches, proxies, gateways, access points, network interfaces and/or software modules.
  • the network entities can be hardware devices and/or software modules.
  • Figure 1a shows a schematic sketch of a packet-based communication network C comprising a transmitting network entity TX, a receiving network entity RX and an analyzing network entity A in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 1 a shows thereby a sketch of preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the communication network is IP packet based communication network.
  • the communication path of the data packets starting at starting points S, S' and/or S" and directed to the end points E and/or E' are indicated by the arrow starting at the starting point S, S' and/or S", respectively which ends at the transmitting network entity TX, the arrows starting at the starting point the transmitting network entity TX which end at the receiving network entity RX and which are assigned to communication pipes P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and the arrows starting at receiving network entity RX ending at the end points E and/or E'. It is possible that the communication path has one or more starting points and one or more end points.
  • the method for a packet loss rate in a packet-based communication network between a transmitting network entity TX and a receiving network entity RX of the communication network C is as follows:
  • the transmitting network entity TX sends a timestamp TS0(j) to the receiving network entity RX.
  • the clock or system clock of the transmitting network entity TX and/or the receiving network entity RX are synchronized by means of the NTP.
  • the receiving network entity RX determines the receiving time periods taken the distance delay time DDT associated with the communication distance between the transmitting network entity TX and the receiving network entity RX and the maximum possible clock deviation into account.
  • the taveltime delay variation MDT - DDT of the data packets is related to the communication distance between the transmitting network entity TX and the receiving network entity RX and used transport technology.
  • the receiving time periods has to be long enough to catch all transmitted data packets of the related sending period.
  • the receiving network entity RX counts the number of the received data packets RX-Ci for each time period TS[j] and received via the communication pipe Pi.
  • the packet loss rate is then measured by calculation based on the number of directed data packets TX-Ci and the number of received data packets RX-Ci as follows:
  • the transmitting network entity TX provides by sending the number of directed data packets TX-Ci of an respective time periods TS[j] to the analyzing network entity A.
  • the receiving network entity RX provides by sending the number of received data packets RX-Ci of an respective time periods TR[j] to the analyzing network entity A.
  • the analyzing network entity A calculates the packet loss rate by subtracting the number of directed data packets TX-Ci from the number of received data packets RX-Ci and dividing the result of the subtraction the number of directed data packets TX-Ci.
  • the resetting of the number of directed data packets TX-Ci and the number of received data packets RX-Ci to 0 is optional because it does not change the information provided by the measurement.
  • the network management entity A may store, preferably in a data base, the transmitted and received packets and/or the measured packet loss rates together transmitting time information related to TS[j]. This could be the beginning of transmitting period timestamp of TS0(j) and/or the receiving period TR[j] and/or the index j or any other reference, which deals as a reference for identifying the related time period.
  • the network entity N comprises control unit NC, a memory or a database NS for storage of data associated with the measurement of packet loss rate, and a network interface NI.
  • the sender i.e. transmitting network entity TX, iterates sequentially through LRMSs sending window, i.e. the time periods TS[j], with time length TS[j] with reiterations modulo N.
  • ⁇ E 0 for synchronized systems.
  • TR N*TS for constant periods for synchronized systems.
  • TX-Ci is also called a packet counter at the sending side, i.e. of the transmitting network entity TX.
  • RX-Ci is also called a packet counter at the receiving side, i.e. of the receiving network entity RX.
  • a minimum distance delay time DDT covers the shortest possible delay caused by transport technology between sender, i.e. the transmitting network entity TX, and receiver, i.e. the receiving network entity RX, which may be corrected by the clock inaccuracy in case of synchronized clocks of both in addition.
  • a modulo like time raster allows to identify the sender associated time interval TS[j] on receiver side for getting rid of transferring any timestamp and/or start or end marker.
  • the transmitting network entity TX comprises a packet toggle switch for switch the directed data packets the correspondingly assigned communication pipes P0 and P1, i.e. the LMRS.
  • the receiving network entity RX comprises a packet merger for merging the received data packets.
  • the packet counters TX-C0, TX-C1, RX-C0 and RX-C1 are reset at the beginning of the time periods TS[j] and TR[j], respectively, i.e. are reset at the time TS0(j) and TR0(j), respectively,
  • the down-arrow with bars grouped in time periods TS depicts the assignment to the communication pipes P0 and P1 using a packet multiplex method for transmitting the data packets to the receiving network entity RX.
  • the packet counters TX-C0, TX-C1, RX-C0 and RX-C1 are reset at the beginning of the time periods TS[j] and TR[j], respectively.
  • the minimum distance delay time DDT and the delay variation time TD is smaller than the time periods length TS(j]) data packet counting can accurately be performed. Since the receiving time periods TR[j] and TR[j+N] do not overlap in time the measuring of the packet loss rate can be performed accurately.
  • Figure 5 shows a similar case to that shown in figure 4 .
  • the case shown in figure 5 differs to that in figure 4 by the fact that the delay time is of the size of the time periods TS.
  • a third communication pipe P2 is required.
  • the receiving time periods TR[j] and TR[j+N] do not overlap in time so that the measuring of the packet loss rate can be performed accurately.
  • the transmitting network entity TX provides the beginning time TS0(j) of each time period TS[j] as timestamp to the receiving network entity RX.
  • the receiving network entity RX uses the timestamp providing the beginning time TS0(j) for determining raster offset based time stamp of timestamp packet.
  • the transmitting time slits TS0(j) are related to the receiving time slits TR0(j) by means of the timestamp.
  • TS(j) and TR(j) are constant, i.e. TS ⁇ TR ⁇ N * TS - ⁇ E .
  • Packets received during ⁇ E may be not measured at all and may give an indication, that the TR0(j) are not determined correctly or the MTD is not estimated good enough or the TR is not big enough.
  • ⁇ E could be a time range indicating that something is wrong. This could be preferable zero means disabling this detection.
  • TR N*TS, which means there is no gap between counting data packets on receiving side.
  • the reference time of the transmitting network entity TX is Tref and the reference time of the receiving network entity RX is T'ref.
  • the information provided by the timestamp is comparably provided by using a distance delay time DDT and the clock deviation ⁇ C.
  • the distance delay time DDT can respect the time used by the communication distance between transmitting network entity TX and the receiving network entity RX.
  • TS0'(j) is the beginning time reference of the period TS[j] in view of the receiving network entity RX, wherein TS0(j) difference between beginning of receiving time slit TR0(j) and the minimum distance delay time DDT rounded to the timing raster TS0(j).
  • the transmitting time slits TS0(j) are related to the receiving time slits TR0(j) by means of the TS0'(j). Instead of using TS0'(j) as reference just index j can be taken also.
  • the embodiment of figure 6b is an alternative to those shown in the figures 6a and 6b .
  • the transmitting network entity TX sends an initial TS(j) timestamp and/or index j.
  • the receiving time is used to determine and estimated assumed raster offset to the receiving network entity RX, preferably together with the beginning time TS0(j) and/or index j.
  • the raster offset is adjusted if during the i-th being j-1 modulo N receiving time period a data packet is received during time period ⁇ E.
  • the offset is corrected by increasing the raster offset.
  • the offset is corrected by reducing the raster offset.
  • the length of the time periods TS(j) as well as the delay time ⁇ E are constant. Such an approach might be advantageous if a continuously growing permanent drift between the clock of the transmitting and the clock of the receiving network entity is existing.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
EP20100290621 2010-11-22 2010-11-22 Verfahren zum Messen einer Paketverlustrate Not-in-force EP2456126B1 (de)

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EP20100290621 EP2456126B1 (de) 2010-11-22 2010-11-22 Verfahren zum Messen einer Paketverlustrate
PCT/EP2011/070456 WO2012069379A1 (en) 2010-11-22 2011-11-18 Method of measuring a packet loss rate

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Cited By (3)

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WO2017219984A1 (zh) * 2016-06-23 2017-12-28 中兴通讯股份有限公司 链路状态的检测方法及系统
IT201700081391A1 (it) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-18 Telecom Italia Spa Misura di prestazioni in una rete di comunicazioni
US11102099B2 (en) * 2019-11-15 2021-08-24 Versa Networks, Inc. Systems and methods for in-line loss measurement on SD-WAN overlay paths

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CN103259692A (zh) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-21 瑞典爱立信有限公司 链路聚合组中的损失测量

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US6188674B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2001-02-13 Xiaoqiang Chen Method and apparatus for packet loss measurement in packet networks
WO2007024161A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-01 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Method and arrangement for measuring transmission quality in a packet mode communication network
WO2010072251A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 Telecom Italia S.P.A. Measurement of data loss in a communication network

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US6188674B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2001-02-13 Xiaoqiang Chen Method and apparatus for packet loss measurement in packet networks
WO2007024161A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2007-03-01 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) Method and arrangement for measuring transmission quality in a packet mode communication network
WO2010072251A1 (en) * 2008-12-22 2010-07-01 Telecom Italia S.P.A. Measurement of data loss in a communication network

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017219984A1 (zh) * 2016-06-23 2017-12-28 中兴通讯股份有限公司 链路状态的检测方法及系统
IT201700081391A1 (it) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-18 Telecom Italia Spa Misura di prestazioni in una rete di comunicazioni
WO2019016128A1 (en) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-24 Telecom Italia S.P.A. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN A COMMUNICATION NETWORK
CN110892680A (zh) * 2017-07-18 2020-03-17 意大利电信股份公司 通信网络中的性能测量
US10986007B2 (en) 2017-07-18 2021-04-20 Telecom Italia S.P.A. Performance measurement in a communication network
CN110892680B (zh) * 2017-07-18 2023-04-04 意大利电信股份公司 通信网络中的性能测量
US11102099B2 (en) * 2019-11-15 2021-08-24 Versa Networks, Inc. Systems and methods for in-line loss measurement on SD-WAN overlay paths

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