EP2436808A1 - Multi-filament with annealed copper core and drawn steel layer - Google Patents

Multi-filament with annealed copper core and drawn steel layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2436808A1
EP2436808A1 EP10011925A EP10011925A EP2436808A1 EP 2436808 A1 EP2436808 A1 EP 2436808A1 EP 10011925 A EP10011925 A EP 10011925A EP 10011925 A EP10011925 A EP 10011925A EP 2436808 A1 EP2436808 A1 EP 2436808A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filament
filaments
steel
layer
filament product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10011925A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lisa Le Percq
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert NV SA
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Bekaert NV SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bekaert NV SA filed Critical Bekaert NV SA
Priority to EP10011925A priority Critical patent/EP2436808A1/en
Publication of EP2436808A1 publication Critical patent/EP2436808A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/12—Threads containing metallic filaments or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of rods or wire
    • B21C37/042—Manufacture of coated wire or rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of rods or wire
    • B21C37/047—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of rods or wire of fine wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/147—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising electric conductors or elements for information transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2012—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2013—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3025—Steel
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3067—Copper (Cu)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-filament product.
  • the present invention further relates to use of the multi-filament product as heating element.
  • a heating element such as heating system or heatable textile is required to provide heating effect. It's a long time research to find a good heating element having a good balance between flexibility, corrosion resistance, strength and conductivity.
  • yarns comprising bundles of filaments are applied in heating elements. Such yarns comprise up to hundred or more filaments.
  • the metal filaments are made from several different materials: they can be pure copper filaments, nickel plated copper filaments, steel filaments, copper plated steel filaments and steel plated copper filaments. All the above kinds of filaments have advantages and disadvantages.
  • Pure copper filaments have the best conductivity but low flexibility, low corrosion resistance and low strength.
  • Nickel plated copper filaments have a better corrosion resistance compared to pure copper filaments, but slightly lower conductivity.
  • Steel filaments have the best flexibility, strength and corrosion resistance, but they have a high electrical resistance.
  • Copper plated steel filaments have a better conductivity compared to stainless steel filaments, but a lower corrosion resistance. They have a better strength and flexibility compared to the pure copper filaments.
  • Steel plated copper filaments have a better corrosion resistance compared to the copper plated steel filaments.
  • the flex life is one index or parameter for flexibility of the yarn and it is an indication of the resistance to rupture of the yarn under repetitive bending conditions.
  • the flex life plays an important role such as for the use in antistatic brushes or the use as lead wire for electrodes or the use in car seat heating. The bigger the flex life, the better the filament.
  • WO 2009/147114 A discloses a yarn comprising multi-bundles of filaments having a copper core and stainless steel outer layer. An improved flex life is obtained by a predetermined torsion applied to the yarn. The diameter of the filament is between 7-32 ⁇ m.
  • US 7041943 discloses an electrical heating element used in car seat comprising wires with steel core and copper outer layer. The wires are further coated with electrical insulation. But due to the copper outer layer, the corrosion resistance of the wire is not very good.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a multi-filament product with improved flexibility.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide the use of the multi-filament as heating element.
  • a multi-filament product comprising filaments having a copper alloy core and a first layer of steel, wherein the copper core has an annealed microstructure and the steel layer has a drawn microstructure.
  • An annealed microstructure is a recrystallized microstructure which comprises substantially equi-axed grains.
  • a drawn microstructure is a microstructure which comprises substantially non-equiaxed grains.
  • filaments with the combination of the two kinds of microstructures, recrysallized microstructure of copper alloy core and drawn microstructure of first steel layer in a multi-filament product, leads to an improved flexibility of the multi-filament product while the conductivity, corrosion resistance and strength remain unchanged.
  • the recrystallized microstructure of the copper alloy core can be obtained by a heat treatment. While heating the filament with copper alloy core having a drawn microstructure and first steel layer having drawn microstructure under a determined temperature, the microstructure of the copper alloy will recrystallize and the first steel layer will keep its drawn microstructure.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment is determined by the annealing temperature of copper alloy core and annealing temperature of first steel layer.
  • the temperature should be high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy core on the one hand, and be low enough to make sure the first steel layer doesn't recrystallize on the other hand.
  • the copper alloy core gets an annealed microstructure while the first steel layer retains the drawn microstructure.
  • the determined temperature is between 100°C and 800°C.
  • the annealed copper alloy core presents good conductivity and ductility.
  • the copper alloy core can be Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Fe alloy or other alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the copper alloy core has more than 99% copper. The higher the copper content of the copper alloy core, the better the conductivity of the filaments and thus the better the conductivity of the multi-filament product.
  • the first steel layer can be made of any kind of steel or steel alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art, i.e. stainless steel or plain carbon steel for good corrosion resistance and strength.
  • the first steel layer is stainless steel.
  • Stainless steel layer with drawn microstructure presents better strength.
  • the volume ratio of the copper alloy core and the first layer of steel is determined.
  • the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy core and the volume of the first layer of steel is between 80/20 and 10/90.
  • the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy core and the volume of the first layer of steel is between 60/40 and 20/80. More preferably the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy core and the volume of the first layer of steel is between 40/60 and 30/70.
  • the first layer of steel is applied upon the copper alloy core uniformly. It means that the thickness of the first layer in any place around the copper alloy core has the uniform value.
  • the diameter of the filament is more than 40 ⁇ m, including the copper alloy core and the first layer of steel.
  • the 'diameter' here refers to the diameter of an imaginary circular radial cross section having a surface area identical to the average of the surface areas of cross sections of the filament.
  • Commonly steel comprises inclusions, a steel 100% free of inclusions doesn't exist.
  • the steel layer is very thin for good conductivity, but the inclusions inside of the steel can penetrate through the thin steel layer during the manufacturing process, thereby creating fatigue fracture initiation points and exposing copper core to the corrosive environment.
  • the filaments have a diameter more than 40 ⁇ m, in order to have enough thickness of the layer of steel.
  • the inclusions inside the steel layer can not penetrate through the steel layer, as a result, the fatigue resistance and the corrosion resistance of the filaments improve a lot.
  • the diameter of the filament is between 40 ⁇ m and 400 ⁇ m.
  • the filaments are further coated with an electrical isolation coating upon the first steel layer. It means that the individual filament has an electrical isolation coating. Such electrical isolation coating can eliminate hot spot and improve the corrosion resistance.
  • the electrical isolation coating can be a polymer coating, i.e. PVC, PVA, PTFE, FEP, MFA, PFA or PU.
  • the thickness of the electrical isolation can not be too thin and not be too thick. While too thin, it is hard to obtain a complete coverage of the filament with the coating. While too thick, the flexibility of the filament decreases.
  • the thickness of the electrical isolation coating is between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m. More preferably, the electrical isolation coating is between 3 ⁇ m and 7 ⁇ m.
  • the multi-filament product can be one bundle, bundles twisted together or multi-strand structure.
  • the multi-filament is multi-strand structure, i.e. 7 ⁇ 7, 3 ⁇ 7 or 12 ⁇ 7, 6 ⁇ 6, 5 ⁇ 7, 8 ⁇ 9 cable construction.
  • 'Multi-strand' refers to a gather of strands twisted together, while each strand comprises multiple filaments twisted together.
  • the multi-filament product can consist of bundle(s) of bundle drawn filaments.
  • Bundle drawn filaments typically have a hexagonal cross section and one bundle contains preferable more than 30 and less than 1000 filaments.
  • the filaments are bundled together into a composite wire which consists of the filaments, the matrix and the sheet. After drawing to the final diameter a filament bundle can be obtained by removal of the matrix and the sheet.
  • the multi-filament product may contain one bundle or plural bundles twisted together.
  • the multi-filament product can be used as heating element, especially as car seat heating element.
  • Figure 1 shows the cross-sectional view of one embodiment with the structure of 7 ⁇ 7;
  • Figure 2 show the cross-sectional view of another embodiment with the structure of 3 ⁇ 7;
  • Figure 3 shows the cross-sectional view of the third embodiment with the structure of 12 ⁇ 7;
  • Figure 4 shows the cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows the cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the multi-filament product is made from filaments comprising copper alloy core and first steel layer.
  • the copper alloy core can be pure copper, Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Fe alloy or any other alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the steel outer layer can be pure steel, stainless steel, plain carbon steel or any other steel alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the stainless steel can be AISI 300 series such as AISI 302, 304, 316 or 316L, AISI 400 series such as AISI 430, AISI 625 or AISI 904.
  • the steel layer can be applied to the copper alloy core by means of the technique of cladding.
  • a strip of a suitable steel of controlled composition and predetermined and desired thickness can be formed into a tube form.
  • the width of this strip is somewhat greater or equal to the circumference of the copper alloy core to be covered.
  • the strip is closed in a tube and welded on or around the copper alloy core.
  • the steel layer can be applied by inserting a copper alloy core wire into a steel tube and closing the tube thereafter around the copper alloy core wire by conventional drawing techniques known by the person skilled in the art.
  • the filaments can be drawn to the final diameter by means of individual drawing process.
  • the filaments can be drawn to the final diameter by means of the bundle drawing process.
  • This technique is disclosed e.g. in US-A-2 050 298 , US-A-3 277 564 and in US-A-3 394 213 .
  • a bundle of the filaments is subsequently enveloped in a metal pipe comprising a matrix and a sheet. Thereafter the thus enveloped pipe is reduced in diameter via subsequent drawing steps to come to a composite bundle with a smaller diameter.
  • the initial filaments have been transformed into thin filaments which are embedded separately in the matrix of the covering material.
  • Such a bundle preferably comprises no more than 2000 filaments, e.g. between 30 and 1000 filaments.
  • the matrix of covering material can be removed e.g. by solution in an adequate pickling agent or solvent.
  • the final result is the naked filaments bundle.
  • the removal of the matrix can be done before or after further process of heat treatment or twisting process.
  • the copper alloy core and the first steel layer both have a drawn microstructure.
  • the filaments having copper alloy core with drawn microstructure and first steel layer with drawn microstructure are submitted to a heat treatment at a determined temperature.
  • the temperature is determined by the annealing temperature of copper alloy core and annealing temperature of first steel layer.
  • the determined temperature should be high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy core on the one hand, and be low enough to avoid recrystallizaton of the first steel layer.
  • the copper alloy core gets a recrystallized microstructure while the first steel layer retains the drawn microstructure after the heat treatment.
  • the determined temperature is round 200°C
  • the temperature is round 400°C.
  • the determined temperature is high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy core and keep the drawn microstructure of the steel layer without any change.
  • the removal of the composite matrix and sheet may be done before or after the heat treatment.
  • the filaments may be coated with an electrical isolation upon the first steel layer to avoid hot spot and improve the corrosion resistance.
  • the electrical isolation can be any kind of the polymer known by the person having ordinary skill in the art, i.e. PVC, PVA, PTFE, FEP, MFA, PFA or PU.
  • filaments having copper alloy core with annealed microstructure and first steel layer with drawn microstructure are bundled together to form a bundle or twisted together to form a strand. Furthermore the bundles or strands of the filaments are twisted together. In the case of bundle drawing the twisting together of the filament bundles may be done before or after the removal of the matrix and the sheet. A multi-filament product is obtained in this way.
  • the multi-filament product may contain one bundle, plural bundles twisted together, or multi-strand twisted together.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the first embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 10 has the structure of 7 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 16 with the diameter of 48 ⁇ m have copper core 12 and first stainless steel layer 14 with the volume rate of 62/38.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the second embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 20 has the structure of 3 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 26 with the diameter of 60 ⁇ m have 90%Cu-10%Ni core 22 and first stainless steel layer 24 with the volume rate of 35/65.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the third embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 30 has the structure of 12 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 36 with the diameter of 66 ⁇ m have copper core 32 and first plain carbon steel layer 34 with the volume rate of 41/59.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the fourth embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 40 has the structure of 7 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 48 with the diameter of 56 ⁇ m have copper core 42 and first stainless steel layer 44 with the volume rate of 34/66.
  • Each filament has a further layer 46 of PU with the thickness of 6 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the fifth embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 50 has the structure of 3 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 58 with the diameter of 52 ⁇ m have 99%Cu-1 %Ni core 52 and first stainless steel layer 54 with the volume rate of 36/64.
  • Each filament has a further layer 56 of PFA with the thickness of 7 ⁇ m.
  • a sixth embodiment is a multi-filament yarn has the structure of 2x90.
  • the filaments are obtained by bundle drawing and they have a diameter of 40 ⁇ m.
  • the core is pure copper and the first steel layer is stainless steel with a volume rate of 32/68.
  • a comparison test on flex life is done between the prior art products and the present invention.
  • the flex life test is called car seat test also.
  • the testing product is embroidered into a car seat.
  • the car seat is cyclically loaded by a robot simulating a person getting in and out of a car.
  • the number of the cycles is recorded till the product breaks.
  • the prior art products are a yarn consisting of the filaments having copper core with drawn microstructure and stainless steel layer with drawn microstructure, a yarn consisting of the filaments having steel core with drawn microstructure and copper layer with drawn microstructure, and a yarn consisting of the filaments having stainless steel with drawn microstructure.
  • the conductivity of the invention multi-filament is also improved compared with the prior products, while the strength of the invention multi-filament product keeps good performance.
  • the use of the present invention can be as heating element, especially as car seat heating element.
  • the multi-filament product can be embroidered into a car seat.
  • the multi-filament product provides good heat conductivity, durability, corrosion resistance and strength to the car seat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-filament product (10). The multi-filament product (10) comprises filaments (16) having a copper alloy core (12) with annealed microstructure and a first steel layer (14) with drawn microstructure. Furthermore, the filaments in the multi-filament product are coated with an electrical isolation coating (46). The present invention also relates to the use of the multi-filament product as heating element. The multi-filament product presents good conductivity, durability and strength.

Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention relates to a multi-filament product. The present invention further relates to use of the multi-filament product as heating element.
    • Background Art
  • For a car seat, a heating element such as heating system or heatable textile is required to provide heating effect. It's a long time research to find a good heating element having a good balance between flexibility, corrosion resistance, strength and conductivity.
  • Generally yarns comprising bundles of filaments are applied in heating elements. Such yarns comprise up to hundred or more filaments. Up to now, the metal filaments are made from several different materials: they can be pure copper filaments, nickel plated copper filaments, steel filaments, copper plated steel filaments and steel plated copper filaments. All the above kinds of filaments have advantages and disadvantages.
  • Pure copper filaments have the best conductivity but low flexibility, low corrosion resistance and low strength.
  • Nickel plated copper filaments have a better corrosion resistance compared to pure copper filaments, but slightly lower conductivity.
  • Steel filaments have the best flexibility, strength and corrosion resistance, but they have a high electrical resistance.
  • Copper plated steel filaments have a better conductivity compared to stainless steel filaments, but a lower corrosion resistance. They have a better strength and flexibility compared to the pure copper filaments.
  • Steel plated copper filaments have a better corrosion resistance compared to the copper plated steel filaments.
  • Commonly the conductivity, flexibility and corrosion resistance are the main requirements for yarns used in heating element applications.
  • The flex life is one index or parameter for flexibility of the yarn and it is an indication of the resistance to rupture of the yarn under repetitive bending conditions. The flex life plays an important role such as for the use in antistatic brushes or the use as lead wire for electrodes or the use in car seat heating. The bigger the flex life, the better the filament.
  • WO 2009/147114 A discloses a yarn comprising multi-bundles of filaments having a copper core and stainless steel outer layer. An improved flex life is obtained by a predetermined torsion applied to the yarn. The diameter of the filament is between 7-32 µm.
  • US 7041943 discloses an electrical heating element used in car seat comprising wires with steel core and copper outer layer. The wires are further coated with electrical insulation. But due to the copper outer layer, the corrosion resistance of the wire is not very good.
  • It is desired to find a new product with a combination of great flexibility, corrosion resistance, strength and conductivity.
    • Disclosure of Invention
  • The object of the invention is to provide a multi-filament product with improved flexibility.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide the use of the multi-filament as heating element.
  • According to the present invention, a multi-filament product comprising filaments having a copper alloy core and a first layer of steel is provided, wherein the copper core has an annealed microstructure and the steel layer has a drawn microstructure.
  • An annealed microstructure is a recrystallized microstructure which comprises substantially equi-axed grains. A drawn microstructure is a microstructure which comprises substantially non-equiaxed grains.
  • The use of filaments with the combination of the two kinds of microstructures, recrysallized microstructure of copper alloy core and drawn microstructure of first steel layer in a multi-filament product, leads to an improved flexibility of the multi-filament product while the conductivity, corrosion resistance and strength remain unchanged.
  • The recrystallized microstructure of the copper alloy core can be obtained by a heat treatment. While heating the filament with copper alloy core having a drawn microstructure and first steel layer having drawn microstructure under a determined temperature, the microstructure of the copper alloy will recrystallize and the first steel layer will keep its drawn microstructure.
  • The temperature of the heat treatment is determined by the annealing temperature of copper alloy core and annealing temperature of first steel layer. The temperature should be high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy core on the one hand, and be low enough to make sure the first steel layer doesn't recrystallize on the other hand. Thus the copper alloy core gets an annealed microstructure while the first steel layer retains the drawn microstructure. Preferably the determined temperature is between 100°C and 800°C.
  • The annealed copper alloy core presents good conductivity and ductility. The copper alloy core can be Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Fe alloy or other alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art. Preferably the copper alloy core has more than 99% copper. The higher the copper content of the copper alloy core, the better the conductivity of the filaments and thus the better the conductivity of the multi-filament product.
  • The first steel layer can be made of any kind of steel or steel alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art, i.e. stainless steel or plain carbon steel for good corrosion resistance and strength. Preferably the first steel layer is stainless steel. Stainless steel layer with drawn microstructure presents better strength.
  • To achieve a perfect balance between ductility, conductivity, corrosion resistance and strength, the volume ratio of the copper alloy core and the first layer of steel is determined. The ratio of the volume of the copper alloy core and the volume of the first layer of steel is between 80/20 and 10/90. Preferably the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy core and the volume of the first layer of steel is between 60/40 and 20/80. More preferably the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy core and the volume of the first layer of steel is between 40/60 and 30/70.
  • Preferably, the first layer of steel is applied upon the copper alloy core uniformly. It means that the thickness of the first layer in any place around the copper alloy core has the uniform value.
  • According to the present invention, the diameter of the filament is more than 40µm, including the copper alloy core and the first layer of steel. The 'diameter' here refers to the diameter of an imaginary circular radial cross section having a surface area identical to the average of the surface areas of cross sections of the filament. Commonly steel comprises inclusions, a steel 100% free of inclusions doesn't exist. In the patent publication WO 2009/147114 filaments with a diameter less than 40µm are described, the steel layer is very thin for good conductivity, but the inclusions inside of the steel can penetrate through the thin steel layer during the manufacturing process, thereby creating fatigue fracture initiation points and exposing copper core to the corrosive environment. In the present invention, the filaments have a diameter more than 40µm, in order to have enough thickness of the layer of steel. Thus the inclusions inside the steel layer can not penetrate through the steel layer, as a result, the fatigue resistance and the corrosion resistance of the filaments improve a lot.
  • Preferably, the diameter of the filament is between 40µm and 400µm.
  • Preferably, the filaments are further coated with an electrical isolation coating upon the first steel layer. It means that the individual filament has an electrical isolation coating. Such electrical isolation coating can eliminate hot spot and improve the corrosion resistance.
  • The electrical isolation coating can be a polymer coating, i.e. PVC, PVA, PTFE, FEP, MFA, PFA or PU.
  • The thickness of the electrical isolation can not be too thin and not be too thick. While too thin, it is hard to obtain a complete coverage of the filament with the coating. While too thick, the flexibility of the filament decreases.
  • Preferably the thickness of the electrical isolation coating is between 1µm and 10µm. More preferably, the electrical isolation coating is between 3µm and 7µm.
  • The multi-filament product can be one bundle, bundles twisted together or multi-strand structure.
  • Preferably the multi-filament is multi-strand structure, i.e. 7×7, 3×7 or 12×7, 6×6, 5×7, 8×9 cable construction. 'Multi-strand' refers to a gather of strands twisted together, while each strand comprises multiple filaments twisted together.
  • Additionally, the multi-filament product can consist of bundle(s) of bundle drawn filaments. Bundle drawn filaments typically have a hexagonal cross section and one bundle contains preferable more than 30 and less than 1000 filaments. During the bundle drawing process the filaments are bundled together into a composite wire which consists of the filaments, the matrix and the sheet. After drawing to the final diameter a filament bundle can be obtained by removal of the matrix and the sheet. The multi-filament product may contain one bundle or plural bundles twisted together.
  • According to another object of the invention, the multi-filament product can be used as heating element, especially as car seat heating element.
    • Brief Description of Figures in the Drawings
  • Figure 1 shows the cross-sectional view of one embodiment with the structure of 7×7;
  • Figure 2 show the cross-sectional view of another embodiment with the structure of 3×7;
  • Figure 3 shows the cross-sectional view of the third embodiment with the structure of 12×7;
  • Figure 4 shows the cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention;
  • Figure 5 shows the cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment according to the present invention.
    • Mode(s) for Carrying Out the Invention
  • The multi-filament product is made from filaments comprising copper alloy core and first steel layer.
  • The copper alloy core can be pure copper, Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Fe alloy or any other alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art. The steel outer layer can be pure steel, stainless steel, plain carbon steel or any other steel alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art. The stainless steel can be AISI 300 series such as AISI 302, 304, 316 or 316L, AISI 400 series such as AISI 430, AISI 625 or AISI 904.
  • The steel layer can be applied to the copper alloy core by means of the technique of cladding. According to the technique of cladding, a strip of a suitable steel of controlled composition and predetermined and desired thickness can be formed into a tube form. The width of this strip is somewhat greater or equal to the circumference of the copper alloy core to be covered. The strip is closed in a tube and welded on or around the copper alloy core.
  • Alternatively the steel layer can be applied by inserting a copper alloy core wire into a steel tube and closing the tube thereafter around the copper alloy core wire by conventional drawing techniques known by the person skilled in the art.
  • The filaments can be drawn to the final diameter by means of individual drawing process. First, the filaments comprising copper alloy core and first steel layer plated upon the core are drawn from big diameter (original diameter) to the final smaller diameter by a drawing process individually. Such drawing process has been described in JP05-177243 . During the drawing process, the diameter of the filament is reduced.
  • Alternatively the filaments can be drawn to the final diameter by means of the bundle drawing process. This technique is disclosed e.g. in US-A-2 050 298 , US-A-3 277 564 and in US-A-3 394 213 . A bundle of the filaments is subsequently enveloped in a metal pipe comprising a matrix and a sheet. Thereafter the thus enveloped pipe is reduced in diameter via subsequent drawing steps to come to a composite bundle with a smaller diameter. Inside the composite bundle the initial filaments have been transformed into thin filaments which are embedded separately in the matrix of the covering material. Such a bundle preferably comprises no more than 2000 filaments, e.g. between 30 and 1000 filaments. Once the desired final diameter has been obtained the matrix of covering material can be removed e.g. by solution in an adequate pickling agent or solvent. The final result is the naked filaments bundle. According to the present invention, the removal of the matrix can be done before or after further process of heat treatment or twisting process.
  • At the final diameter the copper alloy core and the first steel layer both have a drawn microstructure.
  • At the final diameter the filaments having copper alloy core with drawn microstructure and first steel layer with drawn microstructure are submitted to a heat treatment at a determined temperature. The temperature is determined by the annealing temperature of copper alloy core and annealing temperature of first steel layer. The determined temperature should be high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy core on the one hand, and be low enough to avoid recrystallizaton of the first steel layer. Thus the copper alloy core gets a recrystallized microstructure while the first steel layer retains the drawn microstructure after the heat treatment. For example, for heat treatment of the filament with copper core and stainless steel layer, the determined temperature is round 200°C, and for annealing the filament with 99%Cu-10%Ni alloy core and stainless steel layer, the temperature is round 400°C. The determined temperature is high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy core and keep the drawn microstructure of the steel layer without any change. In the case the filaments are obtained by the bundle drawing process, the removal of the composite matrix and sheet may be done before or after the heat treatment.
  • Additionally, the filaments may be coated with an electrical isolation upon the first steel layer to avoid hot spot and improve the corrosion resistance. The electrical isolation can be any kind of the polymer known by the person having ordinary skill in the art, i.e. PVC, PVA, PTFE, FEP, MFA, PFA or PU.
  • Finally the filaments having copper alloy core with annealed microstructure and first steel layer with drawn microstructure (with or without electrical isolation coating) are bundled together to form a bundle or twisted together to form a strand. Furthermore the bundles or strands of the filaments are twisted together. In the case of bundle drawing the twisting together of the filament bundles may be done before or after the removal of the matrix and the sheet. A multi-filament product is obtained in this way. The multi-filament product may contain one bundle, plural bundles twisted together, or multi-strand twisted together.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the first embodiment. The multi-filament 10 has the structure of 7×7. The filaments 16 with the diameter of 48µm have copper core 12 and first stainless steel layer 14 with the volume rate of 62/38.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the second embodiment. The multi-filament 20 has the structure of 3×7. The filaments 26 with the diameter of 60µm have 90%Cu-10%Ni core 22 and first stainless steel layer 24 with the volume rate of 35/65.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the third embodiment. The multi-filament 30 has the structure of 12×7. The filaments 36 with the diameter of 66µm have copper core 32 and first plain carbon steel layer 34 with the volume rate of 41/59.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the fourth embodiment. The multi-filament 40 has the structure of 7×7. The filaments 48 with the diameter of 56µm have copper core 42 and first stainless steel layer 44 with the volume rate of 34/66. Each filament has a further layer 46 of PU with the thickness of 6µm.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the fifth embodiment. The multi-filament 50 has the structure of 3×7. The filaments 58 with the diameter of 52µm have 99%Cu-1 %Ni core 52 and first stainless steel layer 54 with the volume rate of 36/64. Each filament has a further layer 56 of PFA with the thickness of 7µm.
  • A sixth embodiment is a multi-filament yarn has the structure of 2x90. The filaments are obtained by bundle drawing and they have a diameter of 40 µm. The core is pure copper and the first steel layer is stainless steel with a volume rate of 32/68.
  • A comparison test on flex life is done between the prior art products and the present invention. The flex life test is called car seat test also. In the test, the testing product is embroidered into a car seat. Then the car seat is cyclically loaded by a robot simulating a person getting in and out of a car. The number of the cycles is recorded till the product breaks. The prior art products are a yarn consisting of the filaments having copper core with drawn microstructure and stainless steel layer with drawn microstructure, a yarn consisting of the filaments having steel core with drawn microstructure and copper layer with drawn microstructure, and a yarn consisting of the filaments having stainless steel with drawn microstructure.
  • Prior art yarns used in a car seat break before 20000 cycles are reached. The yarn according to the fourth embodiment reached 80000 cycles without fracture.
  • It is obvious that the flex life of the present invention is greatly improved compared with the prior art products. The annealed microstructure of copper alloy core presents improved durability to the multi-filament product.
  • Furthermore, the conductivity of the invention multi-filament is also improved compared with the prior products, while the strength of the invention multi-filament product keeps good performance.
  • The use of the present invention can be as heating element, especially as car seat heating element. The multi-filament product can be embroidered into a car seat. The multi-filament product provides good heat conductivity, durability, corrosion resistance and strength to the car seat.

Claims (14)

  1. A multi-filament product comprising filaments having a copper alloy core and a first layer of steel, characterized in that said copper alloy core has an annealed microstructure and said steel layer has a drawn microstructure.
  2. A multi-filament product as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said first layer of steel is stainless steel layer.
  3. A multi-filament product as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said copper alloy core contains more than 99% copper.
  4. A multi-filament product as claimed in any one of claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the ratio of the volume of said copper alloy core and the volume of said first layer of steel is between 80/20 and 10/90.
  5. A multi-filament product as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said ratio of said volume of said copper alloy core and said volume of said first layer of steel is between 60/40 and 20/80.
  6. A multi-filament product as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that said ratio of said volume of said copper alloy core and said volume of said first layer of steel is between 40/60 and 30/70.
  7. A multi-filament product as claimed in any one of claim 1 to 6, characterized in that said filaments have a diameter being more than 40µm.
  8. A multi-filament product as claimed in any one of claim 1 to 7, characterized in that said filaments have a further electrical isolation coating upon said first steel layer.
  9. A multi-filament product as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the thickness of said electrical isolation coating is between 1µm and 10µm.
  10. A multi-filament product as claimed in claims 9, characterized in that said thickness of said electrical isolation coating is between 3µm and 7µm.
  11. A multi-filament product as claimed in any one of claim 8 to 10, characterized in that said isolation coating is polymer coating.
  12. A multi-filament product as claimed in any one of claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the structure of said multi-filament product is 7x7, 3x7 or 12x7 cable construction.
  13. Use of a multi-filament product as claimed in any one of preceding claims is as heating element.
  14. Use of a multi-filament product as claimed in claim 14 is as car seat heating element.
EP10011925A 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 Multi-filament with annealed copper core and drawn steel layer Withdrawn EP2436808A1 (en)

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US9044056B2 (en) 2012-05-08 2015-06-02 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Modular tree with electrical connector
US9055777B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2015-06-16 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Modular artificial lighted tree with decorative light string
EP2729676B1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2015-10-07 NV Bekaert SA Selective catalytic reduction tank with heating element
US9157588B2 (en) 2013-09-13 2015-10-13 Willis Electric Co., Ltd Decorative lighting with reinforced wiring
CN106180250A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-07 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 A kind of allumen steel wire production process
CN106180223A (en) * 2016-08-02 2016-12-07 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 A kind of production method of high intensity Z-shape steel silk
CN106238476A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-21 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 A kind of oval wire manufacture method
US9664362B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2017-05-30 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Lighted artificial tree with multi-terminal electrical connectors for power distribution and control
US9677749B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2017-06-13 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Conformal power adapter for lighted artificial tree
JP2018168521A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-11-01 朝日インテック株式会社 Wire rope
US10222037B2 (en) 2013-09-13 2019-03-05 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Decorative lighting with reinforced wiring
EP3456876A4 (en) * 2016-05-11 2019-11-20 Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd. Wire rope
US10711954B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2020-07-14 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Tangle-resistant decorative lighting assembly
US10773286B1 (en) * 2020-01-28 2020-09-15 Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Equal channel angular pressing of multi size copper wire

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9055777B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2015-06-16 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Modular artificial lighted tree with decorative light string
EP2729676B1 (en) * 2011-07-07 2015-10-07 NV Bekaert SA Selective catalytic reduction tank with heating element
US9677749B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2017-06-13 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Conformal power adapter for lighted artificial tree
US9664362B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2017-05-30 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Lighted artificial tree with multi-terminal electrical connectors for power distribution and control
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US9157588B2 (en) 2013-09-13 2015-10-13 Willis Electric Co., Ltd Decorative lighting with reinforced wiring
US10718475B2 (en) 2013-09-13 2020-07-21 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Tangle-resistant decorative lighting assembly
US10711954B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2020-07-14 Willis Electric Co., Ltd. Tangle-resistant decorative lighting assembly
EP3456876A4 (en) * 2016-05-11 2019-11-20 Asahi Intecc Co., Ltd. Wire rope
CN106180223A (en) * 2016-08-02 2016-12-07 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 A kind of production method of high intensity Z-shape steel silk
CN106238476A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-21 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 A kind of oval wire manufacture method
CN106180250A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-07 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 A kind of allumen steel wire production process
JP2018168521A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-11-01 朝日インテック株式会社 Wire rope
US10773286B1 (en) * 2020-01-28 2020-09-15 Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Equal channel angular pressing of multi size copper wire
US11235366B2 (en) 2020-01-28 2022-02-01 Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Process for forming metal wires

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