EP2434780B1 - Hörgerät mit Okklusionsunterdrückung und Infraschallenergiekontrolle - Google Patents

Hörgerät mit Okklusionsunterdrückung und Infraschallenergiekontrolle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2434780B1
EP2434780B1 EP11182286.2A EP11182286A EP2434780B1 EP 2434780 B1 EP2434780 B1 EP 2434780B1 EP 11182286 A EP11182286 A EP 11182286A EP 2434780 B1 EP2434780 B1 EP 2434780B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
frequency
receiver
hearing aid
occlusion
ear canal
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EP11182286.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2434780A1 (de
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James Robert Anderson
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GN Hearing AS
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GN Resound AS
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Priority claimed from US13/022,428 external-priority patent/US8494201B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/50—Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics
    • H04R25/505—Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics using digital signal processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/05—Electronic compensation of the occlusion effect

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hearing aid which comprises an occlusion suppression system, a receiver with extended low frequency response or static pressure capability and defined subsonic filtering to reduce undesirable effects due to large amounts of subsonic energy produced primarily by jaw motion which may exist in the frequency region below 10Hz and improve suppression of occlusion signals in a hearing aid user's ear canal.
  • the primary objective of a hearing aid is to compensate for a user's hearing loss by amplifying and otherwise processing environmental sound received at an outwardly placed or ambient microphone of the hearing aid. Amplified or processed sound is emitted to the user's fully or partially occluded ear canal through a suitable miniature loudspeaker or receiver in a manner where at least partial compensation of the user's specific hearing loss is accomplished.
  • occlusion is a phenomenon caused by full or partial physical blocking of the user's ear canal.
  • the hearing aid user experiences occlusion as an unnatural exaggerated perception of low frequency components of his/hers own voice as well as excessive perception of jaw and mouth sounds which are conducted directly through bone and tissue of the user.
  • Occlusion perception generally increases the more the hearing aid housing or ear mould blocks the ear canal and may vary between different styles of hearing aids such as in-the-ear (ITE), completely-in-the-canal (CIC) and behind the ear (BTE) and different characteristics of an ear mould.
  • ITE in-the-ear
  • CIC completely-in-the-canal
  • BTE behind the ear
  • the occlusion suppression task then becomes to balance f and g, such that the sound heard by the user has the same ratio of body conducted sound to receiver emitted sound as the ratio between body conducted sound and ear canal conducted sound for an unoccluded ear. While this suppression task may appear simple, in practice it will involve a rather complex and calculation intensive optimization, which may not be desirable to perform in practice with current calculation power of Digital Signal Processors for hearing aids, especially considering the simplifications in the above explanation.
  • an occlusion suppressor will typically not involve the use of two receivers, but rather be implemented in a device configured for subtraction of an electrical signal prior to output amplification, as will be familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the latter implementation will require an occlusion suppressor configured for processing the ear canal sound or sound pressure such that after the amplification the sum of the signal from a hearing loss compensation means and the occlusion suppressor will suppress the perceived body conducted sound, such that when the hearing aid is in normal operation, the user will perceive only the hearing loss compensated signal, without a perceived body conducted sound.
  • hearing aid occlusion has mainly been combated or suppressed by two methods; passive acoustical venting, and more recently, by signal processing.
  • Venting may be implemented either as an acoustical vent comprising acoustical channels or conduits extending through the hearing aid housing or extending through the ear mould. Venting may alternatively be implemented as a so-called "open fitting" hearing aid with a loose fit in the user's ear. Both methods can be effective in reducing the user's perception of occlusion by allowing low frequency sound in the ear canal to escape to the surrounding environment through the vent. Venting to the extent required to be effective in reducing occlusion is, however, accompanied by two significant adverse effects:
  • venting often leads to a requirement for feedback cancellation or suppression system to obtain a prescribed or target hearing aid gain.
  • Feedback cancellation systems are accompanied by their own range of limitations and problems.
  • venting can give unpredictable results, sometimes producing much less occlusion reduction than expected.
  • a vent with its cut off frequency situated in the vicinity of a fundamental frequency of the users own voice will likely make the occlusion effect worse.
  • One such prior art disclosure is given in US 4,985,925 .
  • More recent prior art publications specifically implementing signal processing based or active suppression of occlusion include EP 1 129 600 , WO 2006/037156 , WO 2008/043792 , US 6,937,738 , US 2008/0063228 , WO 2008/043793 , EP 2 309 778 , Mejia, Jorge et al., "The occlusion effect and its reduction", Auditory signal processing in hearing-impaired listeners, 1st International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research (ISAAR 2007), ISBN: 87-990013-1-4 , and Meija, Jorge et al., "Active cancellation of occlusion: An electronic vent for hearing aids and hearing protectors", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124(1), 2008 .
  • an "ambient sound" received at the ambient microphone is processed by a hearing loss processor to compensate for the hearing loss of a user to generate a desired sound, is combined with an compensation signal captured by a microphone in the user's partly or fully occluded ear canal volume in such a way that the sum of these signals suppresses the perceived excess body conducted sound.
  • a particularly severe problem not addressed in the prior art is caused by high amplitude subsonic signals in the residual volume of the occluded ear canal primarily due to jaw motion.
  • Jaw motion changes the shape and thus volume of the residual volume of the ear canal, generating undesirable subsonic pressure signals that can have extremely high amplitudes.
  • These signals may overload the output amplifier or receiver as the feedback loop attempts to cancel them, creating audible artefacts, and wasted battery energy. Even if overload does not occur, these large signals waste the dynamic range of the output amplifier and receiver that are needed for effective occlusion cancellation.
  • One object of the present invention is to reduce the effects of the aforementioned subsonic signals.
  • EP 2 309 778 A1 discloses a hearing aid with an active occlusion reduction system that counteracts occluded sounds generated within the volume of the ear canal that is not blocked when the hearing aid, or an ear piece thereof, is inserted into the ear canal and a transducer that has a flattened frequency response for low frequency portions of the occlusion sounds to enable a wide range of frequency response by the active occlusion reduction system.
  • the low frequency portions of the occlusion sounds may be in the range of 10-100 Hz.
  • EP 2 309 778 A1 does not mention undesired effects caused by jaw motion.
  • the choice and design of receivers used for occlusion suppression hearing aids have been based on considerations related to hearing loss compensation.
  • the present inventor has by a combination of experiments and circuit simulations demonstrated that utilizing a receiver with an extended low frequency response or static pressure capability plus defined subsonic filtering in an active occlusion suppressing hearing aid leads to a considerable improvement in its ability to reduce undesirable effects due to subsonic energy produced primarily by jaw motion.
  • the present inventor has been first to identify that occlusion effects extend beyond the frequency range normally considered for amplification in connection with hearing loss compensation such as amplification between 200 Hz and 10 kHz.
  • the present inventor has been first to include the subsonic frequency range, particularly below 10 Hz, in the design of active occlusion suppressing hearing aids.
  • the lower cut-off frequency of the frequency response of the receiver is measured by coupling the receiver to an IEC 711 Ear Simulator or coupler via 10 mm of ⁇ 1 mm tubing.
  • the lower cut-off frequency is a frequency, in a frequency range below 1 kHz, where the sound pressure level is 3 dB lower than a sound pressure level at 1 kHz.
  • the receiver may comprise a miniature electro-dynamic or moving coil loudspeaker or a miniature balanced armature receiver such as a Knowles FH 3375 hearing aid receiver.
  • a suitable receiver with extended low frequency response so as to comply with the above-referenced range of lower cut-off frequencies can be manufactured by reducing a size of a barometric pressure relief hole placed in a diaphragm of a standard balanced armature receiver.
  • the barometric relief hole may be removed from the diaphragm creating the "static pressure capability" mentioned above and a hole, vent or acoustic channel of suitable dimensions placed through a rear chamber casing of the receiver and having a path to atmospheric pressure hereafter referred to as "rear chamber equalization".
  • the use of "static pressure capability” implies and includes the additional use of "rear chamber equalization” as it may be impractical to operate without it.
  • a feedback loop through the occlusion suppressor to the signal combiner generates high amplitude drive to the receiver in seeking to cancel the above-mentioned large subsonic sound pressure levels within the user's ear canal.
  • the above-mentioned sound artefacts are created by overloading or saturating an output stage amplifier and/or the receiver itself.
  • the large amount of loop gain ⁇ 15- 20 dB maximum causes the loop to generate high amplitude drive to the receiver to cancel large signals.
  • the receiver needs to output a signal nearly the same amplitude (but of opposite phase) as the signal to be cancelled. If the receiver is called upon to cancel a signal which is larger than the receiver can produce, the receiver and or output amplifier will saturate, creating failure to fully cancel the signal as well as potentially severe distortion, which is unacceptable.
  • the present hearing aid is capable of occlusion cancellation significantly free of artefacts caused by large sound pressure levels at subsonic frequencies such as jaw motion induced subsonics without overloading or dominating the dynamic range of the output stage amplifier and/or the receiver itself so as to provide effective cancellation of low frequency occlusion sound pressure levels without audible sound artefacts or wasted battery energy.
  • the present hearing aid may be embodied as an in-the-ear (ITE), in-the-canal (ITC), or completely-in-the-canal (CIC) aid with a housing or housing portion shaped and sized to fit the user's ear canal.
  • the housing is in an embodiment enclosing the ambient microphone, hearing loss processor, occlusion suppressor, ear canal microphone and the receiver inside an optimally vented customized hard or soft shell of the housing.
  • the present hearing aid may be embodied as a receiver-in-the-ear BTE or traditional behind-the-ear (BTE) aid comprising an optimally vented ear mould for insertion into the user's canal.
  • the BTE aid may comprise a flexible sound tube adapted for transmitting sound pressure generated by a receiver placed within a housing of the BTE aid to the user's ear canal.
  • the ear canal microphone may be arranged in the ear mould while the ambient microphone, hearing loss processor, occlusion suppressor and the receiver are located inside the BTE housing.
  • the ear canal signal may be transmitted to the occlusion suppressor through a suitable electrical cable or another wired or unwired communication channel.
  • the ambient microphone may be positioned inside the hearing aid housing for example close to a faceplate of an ITE or CIC hearing aid housing.
  • the microphone may alternatively be physically separate from the hearing aid housing and coupled to the hearing loss processor by a wired or wireless communication link.
  • the ear canal microphone has in an embodiment a sound inlet positioned at a tip portion of the ITE, ITC or CIC hearing aid housing or tip of the ear mould of the BTE hearing aid allowing unhindered sensing of the ear canal sound pressure within the fully or partly occluded ear canal volume residing in front of the user's tympanic membrane or ear drum.
  • the signal combiner may comprise a subtraction circuit or subtraction function implemented in analog format or digitally to subtract the occlusion suppression signal from the electronic output signal to establish a feedback path around the receiver and an output amplifier of the hearing aid.
  • the occlusion suppression signal is in an embodiment derived from the feedback path of the occlusion suppressor with the result that both occlusion sound pressure, generated by body conduction, and low-frequency components representing the intended signal from the hearing loss processor of the acoustic output signal of the receiver are attenuated by approximately similar amounts.
  • the hearing loss processor may comprise a programmable low power microprocessor such as a programmable Digital Signal Processor executing a predetermined set of program instructions to amplify and process the electronic input signal in accordance with the hearing loss of the user and generate an appropriate electronic output signal.
  • the hearing loss processor may comprise a processor based on hard-wired arithmetic and logic circuitry configured to perform a corresponding amplification and processing of the electronic input signal.
  • the electronic input signal is provided as digital signal provided by an A/D-converter that may be integrated with the hearing loss processor or arranged in a housing of the ambient microphone.
  • the occlusion suppressor may be implemented in various technologies or formats for example analog, digital or a combination thereof.
  • the occlusion suppressor comprises a predetermined set of program instructions executed on the above-mentioned programmable Digital Signal Processor of the hearing loss processor.
  • a single DSP may be utilized for implementing both the hearing loss processor and the occlusion suppressor leading to hardware savings.
  • the occlusion suppressor comprises a hard-wired arithmetic and logic circuit block configured to provide the processing of the ear canal signal and transmittal of the occlusion suppression signal to the signal combiner.
  • the occlusion suppressor may be integrated with the hearing loss processor on a common semiconductor substrate or provided as a separate digital circuit.
  • the ear canal microphone has in an embodiment a sound inlet positioned at a tip portion of the hearing aid housing or tip of the ear mould allowing essentially unobstructed sensing of sound pressure inside an ear canal volume residing in front of the user's tympanic membrane or ear drum.
  • the receiver comprises a diaphragm hole and/or a rear chamber vent setting the lower cut-off frequency of the frequency response of the receiver.
  • the diaphragm lacks the diaphragm hole or barometric pressure relief hole and the receiver is substantially capable of holding a static pressure into a sealed volume, and having a rear cavity pressure equalization path to atmospheric pressure to allow the rear cavity to follow atmospheric pressure changes so that the diaphragm may center itself.
  • a significant advantage of the latter embodiment is that it allows boosting of the frequency response of the receiver at low frequencies near and below a predetermined frequency hereafter referred to as a "receiver shelf frequency".
  • the receiver shelf frequency is greater than 10Hz.
  • the receiver shelf frequency is less than 10Hz. In a further embodiment, the receiver shelf frequency is between 10 and 500Hz. In yet a further embodiment, the receiver shelf frequency is between 20 and 200Hz. In an additional further embodiment, the receiver shelf frequency is between 50 and 100Hz.
  • the receiver shelf frequency may be determined by characteristics of the rear chamber vent and other characteristics of the receiver, essentially generating a shelf type response hereafter referred to as a "receiver shelf response" characteristic, which shows a boost of the lowest frequencies compared to the higher frequencies where no boost occurs.
  • the boosting of the frequency response near and below the receiver shelf frequency may increase low frequency output capability of the receiver, and provides a more favourable phase response in the form of a dip or reduction of receiver phase response in the vicinity of the receiver shelf frequency.
  • the more favourable phase response may help to reduce the low frequency peaking of the closed acoustic feedback loop, hereafter referred to simply as "low frequency peaking" that may likely occur in the 10 to 100Hz region.
  • This low frequency peaking is the natural result of the choices of low frequency roll-offs in the feedback loop of at least one embodiment needed to achieve sufficient subsonic signal reduction at the receiver terminals. While this peaking is not a desirable characteristic, it is a necessary trade-off with the subsonic jaw motion problem, which has been determined by experiment to be the more serious problem.
  • an alternative embodiment may include a shelf response having a shelf frequency incorporated into the loop filter of the acoustic feedback loop to achieve a similar effect on the low frequency peaking.
  • the benefit of increased low frequency receiver output capability is not obtained, and subsonic receiver drive will be increased by the magnitude of the shelf response employed, so this is not a desirable embodiment, since it aggravates the subsonic energy problem.
  • the receiver lacks the rear chamber vent and the lower cut-off frequency is instead mainly determined by dimensions of the diaphragm hole that may have smaller dimensions than a diaphragm hole in a standard receiver.
  • an acoustical vent is extending through or around the housing or the ear mould of the hearing aid.
  • the acoustical vent may have a high pass cut-off frequency which in one embodiment is between 100 Hz and 500 Hz, and in another embodiment between 200 Hz and 300 Hz.
  • the acoustical vent may comprise one or more acoustical channels or conduits establishing an acoustical connection between the ear canal volume residing in front of the user's ear drum and the surrounding environment.
  • the acoustical vent allows low frequency sound to propagate from the ear canal volume to the surrounding environment and vice versa.
  • the acoustical vent will therefore contribute as a high pass filter to a frequency response of the hearing aid.
  • the high pass cut-off frequency of this high pass filter will depend on a shape and size of the acoustical vent.
  • acoustical vent covers both a specific physical channel, or channels, and an open or loose fit between user's ear canal and the hearing aid housing or ear mould creating an acoustical leakage path.
  • optimum frequency response characteristics of an acoustic feedback loop which comprises the acoustical vent may be distributed in various ways amongst individual components and functions such as the ear canal microphone, the receiver, the occlusion suppressor, the combined signal, etc.
  • Attempting to use the cut-off frequency of a standard receiver to roll of the subsonic loop gain rather than the vent is not beneficial because it does not reduce the amplitude of the occlusion pressure, and further, the ratio of occlusion pressure to maximum output capability of the receiver worsens.
  • the high pass cut-off frequency of the acoustical vent is often the only function which passively reduces the amplitude of subsonic jaw motion related or generated components of the ear canal sound pressure. If chosen to be sufficiently high, the high pass cut-off frequency of the acoustical vent may ideally reduce the subsonic jaw motion generated components of the ear canal sound pressure to a level which does not need to be cancelled by the occlusion suppression system. However, this goal is not conveniently met without setting the vent cut-off frequency to an undesirably high frequency (potentially in the frequency range of 400 to 500 Hz or higher), such that desired speech or other desired low frequency audio band signals may suffer a lowered maximum output level and accompanying low frequency response deterioration. What is needed is an additional low frequency roll-off in the defined subsonic filtering to achieve the desired total subsonic attenuation, and this is a key component of an embodiment to be discussed below.
  • vent cut-off frequency in this 200 to 300Hz range approximately 20 dB of additional attenuation in the 5Hz region is desirable to reach our subsonic attenuation goal.
  • a goal of our solution is more precisely defined as follows: When the acoustic feedback loop gain is set to provide approximately 20dB of occlusion cancellation for the low speech frequency region, subsonic energy predominantly due to jaw motion should cause typical receiver drive levels to not exceed approximately -20dB relative to full scale, and -10dB worst case, to preserve the system dynamic range for the intended function of speech occlusion reduction. A later section explains how the necessary additional subsonic attenuation is provided to meet this goal.
  • At least one embodiment relieves the occlusion suppression system of the burden of processing or handling very high subsonic sound pressure imposed on the ear canal microphone and reduces the subsonic portion of the combined signal applied to the receiver to an acceptable level. Consequently, the very high subsonic sound pressure is prevented from impairing dynamic range of the occlusion suppression system for speech frequency occlusion cancellation. Furthermore, battery power or energy of a hearing aid battery is preserved by the suppression of the subsonic portion of the combined signal applied to the receiver.
  • a knowledge of acoustical vent characteristics as relates to vent damping and transition from second to first order frequency response may be used to improve the behaviour of the acoustic feedback loop which comprises the acoustical vent and reduce the previously named low frequency peaking, the peaking of the frequency response of the hearing aid in a low frequency region below speech frequencies such as below 100 Hz.
  • high pass characteristics of a frequency response of the acoustical vent comprises a transition frequency situated in a frequency range below the high pass cut-off frequency of the acoustical vent.
  • the transition frequency (zero location) is separating a first order frequency response roll-off at frequencies below the transition frequency and second order frequency response roll-off at frequencies above the transition frequency.
  • the transition frequency is situated in vicinity of a lower cut-off frequency of a frequency response of the canal microphone such as between 3 octaves below and 3 octaves above or 1 octave below and 1 octave above the lower cut-off frequency of the frequency response of the ear canal microphone. This is useful in minimizing phase shift in the frequency region below the high pass cut-off frequency of the acoustical vent so as to minimize the low frequency peaking of the closed loop frequency response of the hearing aid in that frequency region.
  • the lower cut-off frequency of the canal microphone may form ideally a first order high pass function and is used as the previously mentioned additional low frequency roll-off in the defined subsonic filtering to achieve the desired total subsonic attenuation, and this is a key component of the invention.
  • An example of the additional low frequency roll-off which is not claimed, may take the form of an analog electrical or digital first order high pass function.
  • at least one embodiment uses the barometric relief hole of the microphone diaphragm to perform an acoustic first order high pass function.
  • Other high pass functions may exist in the system without significant impact on system performance if the associated cut-off frequencies are significantly lower than the cut-off frequency of the additional low frequency roll-off thus adding little additional phase shift at the frequency of low frequency peaking.
  • the advantage to using the acoustic first order high pass function of the canal microphone lies in the dramatic increase in the maximum acoustic input level that the canal microphone can tolerate, which would greatly reduce the potential for intermodulation distortion between subsonic ear canal signals and speech or other desired audio frequency signals that could occur if the canal microphone exhibits significant nonlinearities at the very high signal levels possible in the occluded ear canal.
  • the occlusion suppressor comprises a feedback path receiving and filtering the ear canal signal with a predetermined feedback transfer function to produce the occlusion suppression signal.
  • the transfer function of the feedback path may be adjusted or tailored to certain features of the frequency response of the hearing aid. This is useful for suppressing pronounced peaks in the frequency response of the hearing aid such as frequency response peaks caused by high frequency resonances of the receiver and/or other acoustical components of the hearing aid at or above 1 kHz such as between a frequency range between 1 kHz and 12 kHz. Therefore, undesired amplification of canal microphone noise within the 1-12 kHz frequency range, in which a considerable portion is very important for the understanding of speech, can be avoided or reduced.
  • the predetermined feedback transfer function comprises a frequency selective filter having predetermined transfer function characteristics.
  • the predetermined transfer function characteristics of the frequency selective filter may be configured to compensate for a frequency response peak of a frequency response of the hearing aid.
  • the frequency selective filter may comprise a notch filter having a predetermined centre frequency and a predetermined bandwidth.
  • the predetermined centre frequency and bandwidth of the notch filter may be advantageously tailored to compensate for the above-mentioned frequency response peaks caused by high frequency resonances of the receiver and/or acoustical system in the 1-12 kHz frequency response range. The compensation is nominally made by setting the predetermined centre frequency of the notch filter substantially equal to a peak frequency of the frequency response peak.
  • the predetermined bandwidth of the notch filter may be set essentially equal to a bandwidth of the frequency response peak in question. Adjustments to the nominal filter settings are made to minimize the positive gain peaks of the closed acoustic feedback loop relative to the open loop condition.
  • the predetermined feedback transfer function may comprise a plurality of frequency selective filters of the same type or of different types such as any combination of highpass filters, lowpass filters, bandpass filters, shelf filters and notch filters.
  • the predetermined feedback transfer function comprises 2, 3 or even more separate notch filters, having respective predetermined centre frequencies and bandwidths arranged to compensate for respective ones of a plurality of different frequency response peaks of the frequency response of the hearing aid.
  • the occlusion processor is adapted to receive and store filter parameters associated with the predetermined transfer function characteristics of the frequency selective filter or respective filter parameters associated with the transfer function characteristics of a plurality of frequency selective filters.
  • the filter parameters may be stored as binary coefficients or numbers in a predetermined address range of a non-volatile memory accessible to the Digital Signal Processor.
  • the occlusion processor may be adapted to receive and store the filter parameters associated with the predetermined transfer function characteristics of the frequency selective filter during a fitting procedure of the hearing aid.
  • the occlusion suppressor may be directly or indirectly coupled to a fitting computer through a wired or wireless communication channel.
  • the occlusion processor may comprise, or be connected to, a data interface complying with a data transmission protocol of the wired or wireless communication channel allowing the occlusion processor to receive the filter parameters.
  • the occlusion processor or the hearing loss processor may be configured to write these filter parameters to a predetermined address space or range of the non-volatile memory.
  • the fitting computer may be adapted to directly connect to, access, and write the filter parameters to the predetermined address space or range in the non-volatile memory for subsequent read out by the occlusion processor or the hearing loss processor.
  • Appropriate filter parameters may be determined by the fitting system or computer through an open-loop and/or closed loop measurement of the transfer function of the hearing aid when mounted in the user's ear.
  • This transfer function is generally complex and involves contributions from the electrical and acoustical couplings between ambient microphone, hearing loss processor, occlusion suppressor, output amplifier, receiver, vent, ear canal and the user's tympanic membrane.
  • An acoustical analysis of this transfer function will typically show a multitude of resonance frequencies, and their spectral positions will define acoustical system stability and the system performance.
  • the subsonic filtering scheme may be contained in the acoustic feedback loop.
  • the acoustic feedback loop may comprise a receiver 110, an ear canal microphone 109, an occlusion suppressor 106, an earmold vent 112, and a signal combiner 108.
  • the subsonic filtering scheme may be incorporated into one or more of the receiver 110, the ear canal microphone 109, the occlusion suppressor 106, an earmold vent 112, and the signal combiner 108.
  • the subsonic filtering scheme may be a separate function of the acoustic feedback loop.
  • the experimental hearing aid 100 depicted on Fig. 1 comprises a hearing aid housing 105 which may comprise a custom made hard acrylic shell sized and shaped to fit a user's ear canal.
  • An ambient microphone 102 may be situated in a proximate portion of the hearing aid housing 105 with a sound inlet (not shown) arranged in an outwardly oriented face or faceplate of the housing 105.
  • the sound inlet conveys sound pressure or sound from the environment surrounding the user to the ambient microphone 102 so as to generate an electronic input or microphone signal representative of received sound.
  • the electronic microphone signal is transmitted to a hearing loss processor 104 operatively coupled to the ambient microphone 102.
  • the hearing loss processor 104 comprises a programmable low power Digital Signal Processor (DSP).
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the electronic microphone signal is provided in digital format for example by an oversampled A/D converter positioned inside a housing of the ambient microphone 102 or as an integral part of hearing loss processor 104.
  • the hearing loss processor 104 is adapted to compensate the electronic input signal in accordance with a determined hearing loss of the user and generate a corresponding electronic output signal which is supplied to a signal combiner 108.
  • the signal combiner 108 is embodied as a signal subtractor adapted for subtracting the electronic output signal and an occlusion suppression signal supplied by the occlusion suppressor 106.
  • the occlusion suppression signal is derived from an ear canal signal generated by an ear canal microphone 109 in response to detected ear canal sound pressure within a fully or partly occluded ear canal volume, V, 111 in front of the user's tympanic membrane.
  • the ear canal microphone 109 may be arranged in a distal portion of the hearing aid housing 105 and with a sound inlet extending through a tip portion of the hearing aid housing 105 to sense the ear canal sound pressure inside the ear canal volume 111.
  • the ear canal sound pressure detected by the ear canal microphone 109 will be a superposition of body conducted sound and receiver emitted/generated sound.
  • a passive acoustical vent 112, comprising an acoustical channel or channels extending through the hearing aid housing or extending through the ear mould may be blocked as required to explain certain problems or left open according to the invention.
  • a receiver 110 such as a miniature balanced armature receiver, is adapted to receive and convert a combined signal supplied at an output of the subtractor 108 into an acoustic output signal.
  • the receiver 110 has an extended low frequency response or static pressure capability to improve suppression of occlusion sound pressures within the fully or partly occluded ear canal volume 111.
  • a lower cut-off frequency of a frequency response of the receiver is set to about 2 Hz or lower.
  • the lower cut-off frequency may be set to a value less than 10 Hz, such as less than 5 Hz or in another embodiment less than 1 Hz, or in yet another embodiment, the receiver may be substantially capable of holding a static pressure into a sealed volume, and having a rear cavity pressure equalization path to atmospheric pressure.
  • Fig. 2 depicts frequency response measurements on two different receivers used in the experimental hearing aid depicted on Fig. 1 with the vent 112 intentionally blocked.
  • the frequency response curve (201 amplitude, 203 phase) was obtained from a standard receiver having a lower cut-off frequency of about 50 Hz as evident by comparing the recorded 1 kHz sound pressure level to the sound pressure level at 50 Hz.
  • the frequency response curve (202 amplitude, 204 phase) was on the other hand measured on a specially modified balanced armature receiver with capability of holding a static pressure into a sealed volume, and having a rear cavity pressure equalization path to atmospheric pressure. Due to measurement system limitations a lower cut-off frequency of about 2 Hz is visible as illustrated.
  • the experimental hearing aid 100 corresponding to the simplified schematic diagram of Fig. 1 , was evaluated experimentally with the vent 112 intentionally blocked on an acoustical coupler in three different configurations:
  • the feedback path is operative to receiving and filtering the ear canal signal supplied by the ear canal microphone with a feedback transfer function at least partly determined by the notch filter.
  • the notch filter has a predetermined centre frequency and a predetermined bandwidth set or configured to compensate for a pronounced frequency response peak 205 of the frequency response of the hearing aid.
  • this frequency response peak 205 is largely determined by a mechanical/acoustical resonance of the receiver (110 of Fig. 1 ) at about 3 kHz but in other embodiments, frequency response peaks may be caused by various acoustical, mechanical or electrical circuits of an electrical or acoustical signal transmission path of the hearing aid.
  • Fig. 3 shows measured occlusion suppression in dB versus frequency for each of the three different configurations outlined above.
  • the 0 dB line indicates no change of the measured level of the occlusion sound pressure within the user's ear canal by the action of the occlusion suppression system.
  • a positive or negative reading reflects a higher or lower occlusion sound pressure, respectively.
  • the hearing aid with the standard receiver corresponding to configuration 1) above obtains approximately 9-11 dB of cancellation in a frequency range between 100 Hz and 300 Hz as indicated by curve 302.
  • an undesired lack of occlusion suppression takes place at lower and higher frequencies such as below 25 Hz and above 1 kHz, in particular in vicinity of the response peak 205, where the occlusion sound pressure increases to a level higher than the unassisted case.
  • “low frequency peaking" remains very low at lower frequencies such as in the subsonic region from 1 to 5 Hz as illustrated by dashed curve 306. While this would seem to be acceptable performance, as explained in the background of the invention, the system in Figure 1 as tested with vent 112 blocked still suffers from subsonic overload predominantly caused by jaw motion.
  • loop gain must be reduced at very low subsonic frequencies where jaw motion creates large amplitudes in the sealed canal to the point that no significant attempt to cancel the jaw motion subsonic signal occurs.
  • the vent 112 when left open according to the invention performs a large portion of the required subsonic attenuation and has a frequency response as shown in the simulation results for various vent dimensions in Fig. 4
  • the response curves have 2 slope regions: regions 401 being the 6dB / octave slope region and regions 402 being the 12 dB / octave slope region.
  • the "transition frequency" 403 is the dividing point between these two regions.
  • the cut-off frequency of the vent 404 corresponds to the low frequency peak at the higher frequency end of the 12dB / octave slope region.
  • the measured sound pressure levels generated in the occluded ear canal by jaw motions are shown in Fig. 5 for both the unvented condition (curve 503 - while speaking, curve 504 - during silent jaw motion exercise) as well as the vented condition (curve 505 - while speaking, curve 506 - during silent jaw motion exercise) using vents with a nominal 200 to 300 Hz low frequency cut-off, with the result that levels can reach the 140dB SPL mark in the 1 -2 Hz region (region 501), and can reach nearly 100dBSPL in the 2 - 5 Hz region when vented (region 502).
  • the measured low frequency response of vents (subject curves 602 through 611) is depicted in Fig. 6 , with the subsonic region below 20Hz extrapolated (region 601) at 6dB/octave from theory to clean up the subsonic acoustic noise which was present in the measurement environment. Note that with the nominal 1 mm vent size used (which produced 200 to 300 Hz cut-off frequencies) that the transition frequency is sufficiently above 20Hz to allow this to be reasonably accurate.
  • Fig. 7 depicts the measured low frequency response of the ear canal microphone (solid curve 701) overlaid with a simulated single pole highpass function (dashed curve 702) demonstrating the highly accurate first order acoustic highpass function of the ear canal microphone.
  • the lower cut-off frequency of the canal microphone may be designed to be a nearly ideal first order high pass function to be used as the previously mentioned additional low frequency roll-off in the defined subsonic filtering to achieve the desired total subsonic attenuation, and this is a key component of the invention.
  • An example of the additional low frequency roll-off, which is not claimed, may take the form of an analog electrical or digital first order high pass function.
  • the preferred embodiment uses the barometric relief hole of the microphone diaphragm to perform an acoustic first order high pass function.
  • Other high pass functions may exist in the system without significant impact on system performance if the associated cut-off frequencies are significantly lower than the cut-off frequency of the additional low frequency roll-off thus adding little additional phase shift at the frequency of low frequency peaking.
  • the advantage to using the acoustic first order high pass function of the canal microphone lies in the dramatic increase in the maximum acoustic input level that the canal microphone can tolerate, which would greatly reduce the potential for intermodulation distortion between subsonic ear canal signals and speech or other desired audio frequency signals that could occur if the canal microphone exhibits significant nonlinearities at the very high signal levels possible in the occluded (but vented as claimed) ear canal.
  • Fig. 8 shows the measured low frequency response of a static pressure capable receiver without rear pressure equalization path, where said rear pressure equalization path allows the rear cavity to follow atmospheric pressure changes.
  • Blocking the pressure equalization path is not a practical operating condition but as a test condition allows us to demonstrate another characteristic of this receiver configuration.
  • curve 801 - amplitude, curve 802 - phase and with rear pressure equalization path (the normal operating condition)
  • curve 803 - amplitude, curve 804 - phase and demonstrating the "receiver shelf response"
  • curve 805 - amplitude, curve 806 - phase which is the receiver response of a static pressure capable receiver with rear pressure equalization path referenced to the receiver response of a static pressure capable receiver without rear pressure equalization path.
  • the shelf response characteristic has a boost of the lowest frequencies compared to the higher frequencies where no boost occurs. There is also a dip or minimum in the phase difference at the frequency corresponding to the mid amplitude point of the shelf boost. This frequency is referred to as the receiver "shelf frequency 807. Finally shown is the measurement system low frequency cut-off 808 at approximately 2 Hz, which prevents seeing the true subsonic response curve of the static pressure capable receiver, but which does not substantially affect the "receiver shelf response".
  • Fig. 9 shows the simulated amplitude response for a standard receiver (curve 901) and a static pressure capable receiver (substantially capable of holding a static pressure into a sealed volume) with (curve 903) and without (curve 902) a rear pressure equalization path where said rear pressure equalization path allows the rear cavity to follow atmospheric pressure changes, and demonstrating the "receiver shelf response" (curve 904) and "receiver shelf frequency” 905.
  • the simulation is not limited by a low frequency cut-off such as measurement system low frequency cut-off 808, and therefore reveals the theoretically perfectly flat subsonic response curve (theoretical response to DC) of the static pressure capable receiver.
  • Fig. 10 shows the simulated phase response for a standard receiver (curve 1001) and a static pressure capable receiver with (curve 1003) and without (curve 1002) a rear pressure equalization path.
  • Fig. 11 shows the simulated relative phase response differences for a static pressure capable receiver referenced to a standard receiver with (curve 1101) and without (curve 1102) a rear pressure equalization path and demonstrating the "receiver shelf (phase) response” (curve 1103) and “receiver shelf frequency” - 1104, demonstrating the advantageous dip in the relative phase response which may be used to reduce the amplitude of the "low frequency peaking".
  • Fig. 12 shows the effects of tuning the receiver shelf frequency relative to the frequency of the "low frequency peaking" on the closed loop response with active occlusion cancellation.
  • the shelf frequencies chosen were 1 Hz, 40 Hz and 300 Hz. As seen, the frequency of the low frequency peaking is somewhat affected which is not of much consequence, but the amplitude of the "low frequency peaking" is affected, not very strongly, but the minimum condition is advantageous.
  • the 1 Hz shelf frequency (curve 1201) corresponds effectively to almost closing the rear cavity pressure equalization path to atmospheric pressure or not having a shelf frequency.
  • the 40 Hz shelf frequency (curve 1202) gives in this case an approximate minimum amplitude of the low frequency peaking.
  • the 300 Hz shelf frequency (curve 1203) could be used for example to provide a slight receiver boost and possible maximum output capability of the receiver for the lowest speech frequencies, which would be advantageous, but at the cost of increased amplitude of the low frequency peaking.

Claims (6)

  1. Ein Hörgerät (100) umfassend :
    - ein Umgebungsmikrofon (102), das zum Empfang und zur Umwandlung der Umweltgeräusche in ein elektronisches Input-Signal geeignet ist,
    - einen Hörverlustprozessor (104), der zum Ausgleich des elektronischen Input-Signals entsprechend dem Hörverlust des Benutzers geeignet ist und der ein elektronisches Output-Signal erzeugt,
    - einen Empfänger (110), der zum Empfang und zur Umwandlung eines kombinierten Signals an den Empfänger (110) in ein akustisches Output-Signal geeignet ist,
    - ein Mikrophon im Gehörgang (109), das zur Umwandlung des Geräuschdrucks im Hörkanal in ein Hörkanalsignal geeignet ist,
    - ein Okklusions-Unterdrückungssystem (106), das zum Empfang und zur Verarbeitung des Hörkanalsignals und zur Übermittlung eines Okklusions-Unterdrückungssignals angeschlossen ist und
    - einen Signalübersetzer (108), der das Okklusions-Unterdrückungssignal und das akustische Output-Signal kombiniert und das kombinierte Signal an den Empfänger (110) überträgt
    wobei
    der Empfänger (110) aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus a) einem Empfänger (110) mit einem Bassfrequenzgang, mit einer unteren Grenzfrequenz unter 10 Hz und b) einem Empfänger (110), der in der Lage ist, einen statischen Druck in einem geschlossenen Volumen (111) aufrecht zu halten, und der in der hinteren Kammer einen Druckausgleichspfad mit dem Atmosphärendruck hat, besteht, und
    - einer Akustiköffnung (112), die durch oder um ein Gehäuse (105) oder eine Otoplastik des Hörgerätes (100) führt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - Hochpasseigenschaften eines Frequenzgangs der Akustiköffnung (112), der eine Transitfrequenz (403) umfasst, die in einem Frequenzbereich unter der oberen Grenzfrequenz der Akustiköffnung (112) liegt,
    - die Transitfrequenz (403) einen Frequenzgang Roll-off auf ersten Auftrag bei Frequenzen unterhalb der Transitfrequenz (403) und einen Frequenzgang Roll-off auf zweiten Auftrag bei Frequenzen oberhalb der Transitfrequenz (403) trennt und wobei
    - die Transitfrequenz (403) zwischen 3 Oktaven unterhalb und 3 Oktaven oberhalb einer Grenzfrequenz eines Frequenzgangs des Hörkanal-Mikrophons liegt.
  2. Ein Hörgerät (100) gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Empfänger (110) eine Membran mit einem Membranloch umfasst, das die untere Grenzfrequenz des Frequenzgangs des Empfängers (110) einstellt.
  3. Ein Hörgerät (100) gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Empfänger (110) eine Membran ohne Membranloch und mit einer hinteren Kammeröffnung umfasst und wobei er im Wesentlichen in der Lage ist, einen statischen Druck in einem geschlossenen Volumen (111) aufrecht zu erhalten.
  4. Ein Hörgerät (100) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Akustiköffnung (112) eine Hochpass-Grenzfrequenz hat, die aus der Gruppe ausgewählt wird, die aus den Bereichen zwischen 100 Hz und 500 Hz und zwischen 200 Hz und 300 Hz besteht.
  5. Ein Hörgerät (100) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Transitfrequenz (403) zwischen einer Oktave unter und 1 Oktave über der Bass-Grenzfrequenz des Frequenzgangs des Hörkanal-Mikrophons liegt.
  6. Ein Hörgerät (100) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Empfänger (110) mit einer Bass-Grenzfrequenz von unter 10 Hz einen Druckausgleichspfad mit dem Atmosphärendruck in der hinteren Kammer hat.
EP11182286.2A 2010-09-22 2011-09-22 Hörgerät mit Okklusionsunterdrückung und Infraschallenergiekontrolle Active EP2434780B1 (de)

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Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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EP10178256 2010-09-22
US13/022,428 US8494201B2 (en) 2010-09-22 2011-02-07 Hearing aid with occlusion suppression
EP11182286.2A EP2434780B1 (de) 2010-09-22 2011-09-22 Hörgerät mit Okklusionsunterdrückung und Infraschallenergiekontrolle

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US9401158B1 (en) 2015-09-14 2016-07-26 Knowles Electronics, Llc Microphone signal fusion
EP3451700A1 (de) 2017-08-28 2019-03-06 "BOCORE" GmbH Vorrichtung zur wiedergabe eines audiosignals
KR102180662B1 (ko) 2017-01-03 2020-11-23 엘아이제트엔 에이피에스 음성 명료도 강화 시스템

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EP2920980B1 (de) 2012-11-15 2016-10-05 Sonova AG Eigene stimmformung bei einem hörinstrument
DK3422742T3 (da) 2014-02-17 2021-08-30 Gn Hearing As Høreapparatkonfigurationsdetektering
US10051392B2 (en) 2014-02-17 2018-08-14 Gn Hearing A/S Hearing aid configuration detection
EP3101917B1 (de) 2015-06-03 2017-10-11 GN Resound A/S Konfigurationserkennung fuer hoergeraet
US9830930B2 (en) 2015-12-30 2017-11-28 Knowles Electronics, Llc Voice-enhanced awareness mode
US9779716B2 (en) 2015-12-30 2017-10-03 Knowles Electronics, Llc Occlusion reduction and active noise reduction based on seal quality
US9812149B2 (en) 2016-01-28 2017-11-07 Knowles Electronics, Llc Methods and systems for providing consistency in noise reduction during speech and non-speech periods
CN108062218B (zh) * 2018-01-16 2023-12-05 北京唱吧科技股份有限公司 一种声卡装置
US10951996B2 (en) 2018-06-28 2021-03-16 Gn Hearing A/S Binaural hearing device system with binaural active occlusion cancellation
DK202070511A1 (en) 2020-08-03 2022-02-11 Gn Hearing As Damping filter for a hearing device

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EP1129600B1 (de) 1998-11-09 2004-09-15 Widex A/S Verfahren zum in-situ korrigieren oder anpassen eines signalverarbeitungsverfahrens in einem hörgerät mit hilfe eines referenzsignalprozessors
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DE102006047965A1 (de) 2006-10-10 2008-01-17 Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh Hörhilfsgerät mit einer Okklusionsreduktionseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Okklusionsreduktion
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US9401158B1 (en) 2015-09-14 2016-07-26 Knowles Electronics, Llc Microphone signal fusion
KR102180662B1 (ko) 2017-01-03 2020-11-23 엘아이제트엔 에이피에스 음성 명료도 강화 시스템
EP3451700A1 (de) 2017-08-28 2019-03-06 "BOCORE" GmbH Vorrichtung zur wiedergabe eines audiosignals
WO2019042953A1 (de) 2017-08-28 2019-03-07 "Bocore" Gmbh Vorrichtung zur wiedergabe eines audiosignals

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