EP2419899B1 - Schallenergiereflektor - Google Patents

Schallenergiereflektor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2419899B1
EP2419899B1 EP10740711.6A EP10740711A EP2419899B1 EP 2419899 B1 EP2419899 B1 EP 2419899B1 EP 10740711 A EP10740711 A EP 10740711A EP 2419899 B1 EP2419899 B1 EP 2419899B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acoustic energy
reflector
rubber
acoustic
energy reflector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP10740711.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2419899A1 (de
Inventor
Sasikumar Krishnamoorthy
Manoj Nalanda Rajagopalan
Gopalan Suresh Nair
Mukundan Thekkekara
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Defence Research And Development Organisation
India Defence Ministry of Research and Development Organization
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Defence Research And Development Organisation
India Defence Ministry of Research and Development Organization
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/20—Reflecting arrangements
    • G10K11/205—Reflecting arrangements for underwater use

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an acoustic energy reflector. More particularly, the said acoustic energy reflector generates, radiates and receives acoustic energy at various frequencies, particularly in sonar applications.
  • the said acoustic energy reflector has been made of fiber reinforced composite, and installed in under water.
  • the said acoustic energy reflector is capable to be used alone or as an attachment to any transducer set up for achieving directionality of acoustic transducer.
  • the transducer is a reciprocal device, such that when electricity is applied to the transducer, a pressure wave is generated in water, and when a pressure wave impinges on the transducer, electricity is developed.
  • the transducer may be employed as a transmitting device (projector), a listening device (hydrophone), or both. Depending on various applications, several designs of projectors and hydrophones are available in patents and commercially.
  • transducers are omni directional in performance and directionality is by and large obtained by two methods.
  • One is by the modification of the driver as explained, for example, in US Patents No. 4,754,441 and 6,614,143 .
  • the first patent describes the use of multiple curved shells driven by a ring or corresponding number of attached piezoelectric or magnetostricitive type rod or bar drivers which together take on the form of regular polygon.
  • the second patent explain the complicated design of an electro active device with first and second electro active substrates each having first and second opposed continuous planar surfaces wherein each of the first opposed surfaces have a polarity and each of the opposed surfaces have an opposite polarity. For many of the common purposes, such complicated design aspects of the electro active driver may be avoided by a simple yet novel technique.
  • a Flextentional transducer has been made directional using a plurality of wells in patent no 5764782 . While many of the prior art reflectors are exceptionally efficient, many of the acoustic reflecting material used heretofore or complicated and tedious to fabricate or may not retain there desirable reflecting properties at elevated hydrostatic pressure. Most of the widely used reflecting materials are visco-elastic polymers in micro cellular form or that containing hard, air-encapsulated bubble like materials. Hence, it was observed that desirable low pressure acoustic properties of many of them are often severely impaired after they are subjected to high hydrostatic pressure. Moreover, this function becomes even more difficult as one resort to lower frequencies of operation.
  • the Inventors hereof have recognized the need for acoustic reflector that can easily fabricated with readily available material, but that will not undergo performance degradation with increasing hydrostatic pressure or water absorption, such a material or device will have great implications in sonar used for both civil and military operations.
  • the primary objective of the present invention is to provide an acoustic energy reflector to generate, radiate and receive acoustic energy at various frequencies.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide an acoustic energy reflector which is capable to install under sea water at higher depths over a wide range of hydrostatic pressure.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide an acoustic energy reflector devoid of water absorption and having perfect acoustically reflecting surfaces.
  • the present invention relates to an acoustic energy reflector. More particularly, the said acoustic energy reflector generates, radiates and receives acoustic energy at various frequencies, particularly in sonar applications.
  • the acoustic energy reflector of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
  • the mechanism of reflection of acoustic energy is a result of the acoustic impedance mismatch between the air cavities of the cellular foam and surrounding water medium.
  • acoustic energy reflector is capable to manufacture to any shape and capable to attach with reflecting surfaces along with acoustic transducers whereby the acoustic radiation emanating or receiving there from is mostly only from one side, so that the transducer may be utilized as a directional transducer.
  • the advantage of the invention lies in achieving directionality of the transducer, sustaining wide range of hydrostatic pressure and preventing water absorption.
  • the present invention relates to an acoustic energy reflector comprising a microcellular rubber as inner liner and a fiber reinforced composite as outer casing, in a core-shell assembly, wherein the said microcellular rubber is selected from the group of natural and synthetic rubbers having glass transition temperature below 0°C and the resin for the fiber reinforced composite is selected from a group having a glass transition temperature at least 50°C.
  • the said inner liner composition comprises about 65 to 85% rubber, about 5 to 30% carbon black filler, about 1 to 4% accelerator; 0.5 to 4% activator, 0.5 to 4% of vulcanizing agents e.g. sulfur, zinc oxide, peroxide or a blend thereof; 0.5 to 8% of foaming agent, 0 to 10% processing oil.
  • outer casing composition comprising about 75 to 95% thermoset resin and 5 to 25% glass fiber.
  • the rubber for the microcellular inner is selected from the range of polychloroprene rubber, natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, polyurethane rubber, ethylene propylene rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.
  • blowing agents are selected from the group comprising azodicarbonamide, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine or sodium bicarbonate in appropriate quantities.
  • the resin for the fiber reinforced composite is selected from a group consisting of polyesters, vinyl esters or epoxies or combination thereof.
  • the said fibers is selected from a group of glass fiber, silica fiber, Kevlar fiber, or in combination thereof.
  • the said fibers are selected from any sizes and shapes, preferably short fibers of 0.1mm to 3 mm and /or long fibers 3mm to 15mm.
  • the said reflector is optionally combined as an attachment to any transducer set up to make the transducer directional while generating, radiating or receiving acoustic energy at various frequencies in sonar applications.
  • the said reflector is capable to sustain a wide range of hydrostatic pressure with minimum water absorption with an acoustically reflecting surface.
  • the present invention relates to an acoustic energy reflector. More particularly, the said acoustic energy reflector generates, radiates and receives acoustic energy at various frequencies, particularly in sonar applications.
  • the acoustic energy reflector of the invention comprises a core of microcellular rubber and a fiber reinforced composite shell.
  • the said core of micro cellular rubber is manufactured by single or multilayer of natural or synthetic rubber or in combination thereof.
  • the mechanism of reflection of acoustic energy is a result of the acoustic impedance mismatch between the air cavities of the cellular foam and surrounding water medium.
  • acoustic energy reflector is capable to manufacture to any shape and capable to attach with reflecting surfaces along with acoustic transducers whereby the acoustic radiation emanating or receiving there from is mostly only from one side, so that the transducer may be utilized as a directional transducer.
  • the advantage of the invention lies in achieving directionality of the transducer, sustaining wide range of hydrostatic pressure and preventing water absorption.
  • the present invention relates to composite acoustic reflector for directional underwater transducers.
  • the composite reflector comprises a microcellular rubber core and a glass fiber reinforced composite casing.
  • the following non-limiting examples are set to illustrate the present invention.
  • the composition of the microcellular rubber consists a major amount of at least one rubber mixed with effective amounts of filler, a set of activator-accelerator-vulcanizing agent chemicals, foaming agent and preferably processing oil. More specifically, the composition comprises about 65 to 85%, and preferably 70 to 80%, of a rubber, e.g., polychloroprene (CR), cis-polyisoprene (natural rubber or NR), poly(styrene-co-butadiene) rubber (SBR) or any such rubbers with a glass transition temperature below 0°C or a blend thereof; about 5 to 30%, and preferably 10 to 20%, of a carbon black filler e.g., furnace or thermal carbon blacks or a blend thereof; about 1 to 4% of accelerator e.g.
  • a rubber e.g., polychloroprene (CR), cis-polyisoprene (natural rubber or NR), poly(styrene-co-buta
  • thiazole, sulphenamide, thiourea class of accelerators or a blend thereof 0.5 to 4% of activator e.g. zinc oxide, stearic acid, magnesium oxide, cyanurate or a blend thereof; 0.5 to 4% of vulcanizing agents e.g. sulphur, zinc oxide, peroxide or a blend thereof; 0.5 to 8% of foaming agent e.g. azocarbonamide, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine or sodium bicarbonate; and 0 to 10%, and preferably 3 to 7%, of aromatic oil, naphthenic oil or a blend thereof as processing oil.
  • activator e.g. zinc oxide, stearic acid, magnesium oxide, cyanurate or a blend thereof
  • vulcanizing agents e.g. sulphur, zinc oxide, peroxide or a blend thereof
  • foaming agent e.g. azocarbonamide, dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine or sodium bicarbonate
  • the composite used in the casing or shell consists of at least one thermoset mixed with effective amounts of a glass fiber. More specifically, the composition comprises about 75 to 95%, and preferably 84 to 92%, of a thermoset resin with glass transition above 50°C preferably from the polyesters, vinyl esters or epoxy family; and 5 to 25%, and preferably 8 to 16%, of glass fiber from the group of E-glass or S-glass in chopped strand or mat form. Other process aids which do not destroy or interfere with the desired characteristics may be added in effective amounts including such materials as antioxidants.
  • the composite is cast in a mold into the required geometrical shape, in which the microcellular material is packed and sealed thereafter.
  • reflector consisting of the inner microcellular rubber and the outer casing - in a core shell fashion- can be fixed using nut and bolt on to any surfaces as the case may be, as further explained in the following working example.
  • the acoustic reflector can focus acoustic energy to a point which can have applications like acoustic lens and acoustic amplifier also and which can be modified appropriately to suitable applications utilizing transducers in air also.
  • a preferred embodiment for the making the microcellular rubber 1000 g of SBR was masticated in a two-roll mill for 5 minutes followed by the addition of 50 g of zinc oxide (specific gravity 5.5),2 g of stearic acid (melting point 70°C) and 300 g of high abrasion furnace carbon black (iodine absorption 82 mg/g). The mixing was continued for another 10 minutes, during which 75 g aromatic oil (rubber grade), viscosity 250 cPs) and 20 g polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2 dihydroquinone were added in small quantities. The rubber compound was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The mixing was resumed with the addition of 20 g of azodicarbonamide.
  • the curing of the compound was then carried out for 10 to 30 minutes, preferably with less than 10 MPa pressure in the press.
  • the mould was then taken out, cooled for 5 minutes and subsequently opened to take out of the foamed rubber piece. It was kept in ambient condition for 24 hours before further use.
  • the following working example illustrates the fabrication of a composite shell reflector for the use with a typical underwater acoustic transducer used as low frequency, high energy projectors.
  • the composite was cast into two pieces as shown in Fig. 1 (a) , one being a box like casing and the other a lid.
  • the microcellular rubber pieces as molded above were packed into the box ( Fig. 1b ) and sealed hermetically with the lid using the same composite mixture ( Fig. 1c ).
  • a test setup was made as shown in Fig. 2 using the transducer and a parabolic metallic structure.
  • the directivity was measured underwater with the transducer alone.
  • the composite reflector was tightly snug fit into the metallic reflector using nuts and bolts; the transducer being fixed at the focal point of the reflector and the test was repeated.
  • the results are shown in Fig. 3(a) and (b) , which clearly indicate that the omni directional transducer becomes perfectly directional with the composite reflector in place.
  • the said acoustic energy reflector was tested by installing the same at different level under sea water, i.e. at various hydrostatic pressure conditions. It is found after experiments that the said acoustic energy reflector can be installed up to 300 meter depth in the water, and it can sustain pressure up to 25 to 35 kg/cm2. It is found that the transmitted voltage response (TVR) of the said accosting energy reflector at various hydrostatic pressure (i.e. various depth) 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 kg/cm2, remain unchanged. as shown in the figures 4a, 4b , 4c and 4d which can interpreted by superimposing lines in the figure 4 .
  • TVR transmitted voltage response
  • the acoustic energy reflector is capable to generate, radiate and receive acoustic energy at various frequencies.
  • the acoustic energy reflector is capable to install under sea water at higher depths over a wide range of hydrostatic pressure.
  • the acoustic energy reflector is devoid of water absorption and having perfect acoustically reflecting surfaces.
  • the acoustic energy reflector is capable to fabricate in any geometric shape to suit any requirement.
  • the acoustic energy reflector is having high efficiency reflecting surfaces, whereby all reflected energy is directed toward the target or user wherever positioned relative to the reflector.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Schallenergiereflektor, umfassend
    eine mikrozellulare Gummiinnenschicht innerhalb eines faserverstärkten Zusammensetzungsgehäuses, um eine Kern-Schalenanordnung zu bilden, wobei das mikrozellulare Gummi ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe aus natürlichen und synthetischen Gummis, die eine Glasübergangstemperatur unter 0 °C aufweisen, und das Harz für die faserverstärkte Zusammensetzung, das verwendet wird, um das äußere Gehäuse zu bilden, ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe, die eine Glasübergangstemperatur von mindestens 50 °C aufweist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das Zusammensetzungsgehäuse eine Schachtel und einen Deckel umfasst, die jeweils aus der faserverstärkten Zusammensetzung gebildet werden, und die mikrozellulare Gummiinnenschicht in der Schachtel verpackt und mit dem Deckel hermetisch abgedichtet wird durch Verwenden derselben faserverstärkten Zusammensetzung, sodass der Schallenergiereflektor einen Druck von 25 bis 35 kg/cm2 aufrechterhalten kann.
  2. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Innenschichtzusammensetzung ungefähr 65 bis 85 % Gummi, ungefähr 5 bis 30 % Rußfüllstoff, ungefähr 1 bis 4 % Beschleuniger; 0,5 bis 4 % Aktivator, 0,5 bis 4 % eines Vulkanisationsmittels wie z.B. Sulfur, Zinkoxid, Peroxid oder eine Mischung davon; 0,5 bis 8 % eines Schäummittels, 0 bis 10 % Verarbeitungsöl umfasst.
  3. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1 und 2, wobei die Innenschicht durch einzelnes oder mehrschichtiges natürliches oder synthetisches Gummi oder eine Kombination davon hergestellt wird.
  4. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei die äußere Gehäusezusammensetzung ungefähr 75 bis 95 % wärmehärtbares Harz und 5 bis 25 % Glasfaser umfasst.
  5. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1 und 2, wobei das Gummi für die mikrozellulare Innenschicht ausgewählt ist aus dem Bereich von Polychloroprengummi, Naturgummi, Styrol-Butadiengummi, Nitrilgummi, Polyurethangummi, Ethylen-Propylengummi oder Ethylen-Propylen-Dienmonomergummi.
  6. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Schäummittel ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe umfassend Azodicarbonamid, Dinitropentamethylen-Tetramin oder Natriumbicarbonat in angemessenen Mengen.
  7. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Harz für die faserverstärkte Zusammensetzung ausgewählt ist aus einer Gruppe bestehend aus Polyestern, Vinylestern oder Epoxiden oder Kombinationen davon.
  8. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Fasern ausgewählt sind aus einer Gruppe aus Glasfaser, Silikafaser, Kevlarfaser oder einer Kombination davon.
  9. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Fasern ausgewählt sind aus allen Größen und Formen.
  10. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Reflektor optional kombiniert als ein Anhang an einen beliebigen Wandler ist, der eingerichtet ist, um den Wandler direktional während des Generierens, Strahlens oder Erhaltens von Schallenergie in verschiedenen Frequenzen in Sonaranwendungen zu machen.
  11. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Reflektor dazu fähig ist, eine große Auswahl an hydrostatischem Druck mit einer minimalen Wasserabsorption mit einer schallreflektierenden Oberfläche aufrechtzuerhalten.
  12. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei der zusammengesetzte Schallreflektor dazu fähig ist, in allen geometrischen Formen gemacht zu werden.
  13. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Gummischicht allein oder in dem Zusammensetzungsgehäuse ein exzellenter Reflektor von Schallenergie ist.
  14. Schallenergiereflektor nach Anspruch 1 ist geeignet für Anwendungen wie akustische Linse und akustischer Verstärker.
EP10740711.6A 2009-06-25 2010-06-24 Schallenergiereflektor Active EP2419899B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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IN1310DE2009 2009-06-25
PCT/IB2010/001543 WO2010150090A1 (en) 2009-06-25 2010-06-24 An acoustic energy reflector

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EP2419899A1 EP2419899A1 (de) 2012-02-22
EP2419899B1 true EP2419899B1 (de) 2020-06-24

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WO (1) WO2010150090A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

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CN109384980A (zh) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-26 江苏赛尔密封科技有限公司 一种阻燃密封材料及其制备方法
CN111928736B (zh) * 2020-06-18 2022-11-11 天津科技大学 一种原位自膨胀水下伪装体

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8485315B2 (en) 2013-07-16
EP2419899A1 (de) 2012-02-22
US20120118665A1 (en) 2012-05-17
WO2010150090A1 (en) 2010-12-29

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