EP2419487B1 - Fluide de forage pour offshore profond - Google Patents

Fluide de forage pour offshore profond Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2419487B1
EP2419487B1 EP10717786.7A EP10717786A EP2419487B1 EP 2419487 B1 EP2419487 B1 EP 2419487B1 EP 10717786 A EP10717786 A EP 10717786A EP 2419487 B1 EP2419487 B1 EP 2419487B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
less
drilling
fluid
fluid according
weight
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Application number
EP10717786.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2419487A1 (fr
Inventor
Samia Lamrani-Kern
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TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
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Total Marketing Services SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/32—Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
    • C09K8/34—Organic liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drilling fluid particularly suitable for drilling in deep offshore (deep sea), that is to say, drilling under particularly difficult temperature conditions deep.
  • deep sea deep offshore
  • the present invention also relates to drilling mud comprising said fluid, and the use thereof.
  • the drilling fluids are used in the composition of drilling muds at a level of 30 to 95% by weight. These drilling muds play an essential role during on-shore or off-shore drilling operations, since they make it possible to lubricate the drill bit (or trephine) to limit its wear, but also to go back to the surface for treatment, the cuttings cuttings generated during drilling and keep them in suspension during the stop phases of the circulation of the mud, and finally to ensure the maintenance of the pressure in the formation in order to avoid leaks and / or collapses of walls.
  • Drilling mud is usually stored on the surface of the well to be pumped.
  • Drilling muds have very complex formulations depending on the nature of the formations traversed, depth, geometry, pressure conditions, temperature, and other characteristics of the well.
  • drilling muds There are two primary categories of drilling muds: sludge and oil sludge.
  • water sludge In water sludge (WBM or Water Base Mud), the drilling fluid is water, so they remain reserved for low-tech applications and drilling onshore (onshore), or off shore very little deep (a few meters).
  • the drilling fluid is a hydrocarbon fluid selected from various compounds available on the market.
  • Group III includes low aromatic drilling fluids, that is to say containing less than 0.5% of total aromatics of which less than 10 ppm of polyaromatics.
  • These fluids are derived from chemical syntheses, or refined sections severely hydrotreated, hydrocracked or hydroisomerized. They may also be composed of synthetic paraffins from the Fisher Tropsch process, polymerized olefins (Internal Olefins or IO, linear alpha olefins or LAO, and Poly Alpha Olefins or PAOs), as well as esters.
  • These Group III fluids are termed synthetic according to the definition of the OSPAR Protocol by Decision 2000/3 "On the Use of Organic-Phase Drilling Fluids" (OPF) and the Discharge of OPF-Contaminated Cuttings. "OPF) and the Discharge of OPF-Contaminated Cuttings.
  • Group III fluids are preferred by the operators not only for their thermal stability, their resistance to oxidation, for their low toxicity due to their low aromaticity, for their non-irritating and environmentally friendly nature, but also for their respect. security requirements, high flash point and lower volatility.
  • hydrocarbon vapors of the drilling fluid suspended in the ambient air can reach significant concentrations around the vibratory mud recovery screens, and around Sludge storage and treatment points.
  • the operators present for the drilling operations may be in contact with the sludge containing these fluids, either by dermal contact or by inhalation. This personnel may thus be exposed to concentrations of vaporized hydrocarbon products greater than 450 mg / m3.
  • the Norwegian Labor Inspection Authority 2003 limits the OEL Occupational Exposure Limit to 50 mg / m 3 of hydrocarbon vapors in the environment of a wellbore. They found a significant increase in the risk of cancer or lung fibrosis between 50 and 100 mg / m 3 .
  • the temperature of the sludge at the outlet of the well and its flow rate will influence the amount of steam in the work area and therefore, the level of exposure of the operators.
  • Knowing the rate of volatility of the drilling fluid is therefore essential for controlling impacts on the health and safety of operators. Nevertheless, this volatility remains difficult to quantify, especially for low volatile hydrocarbon fluids.
  • fluids of very low viscosity for example of kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of less than 2.5 mm 2 / s according to ISO 3104 or ASTM D445, are sought in the case of deep wells in order to limit the energy losses by friction, mainly at the drill stem, in order to reduce the drilling time.
  • the aromatic diesel cuts from straight distillation distillation distillation gas oils of between 250 and 380 ° C. have a viscosity at 40 ° C. determined according to the ISO 3104 standard of US Pat. order of 3mm 2 / s for a volatility at 100 ° C of 10 mbar (1 KPa).
  • These fluids are less and less used because their toxicity is high because of their high aromatic content, higher than 10%, which makes them unsuitable for offshore drilling since it contradicts the environmental regulations of most countries.
  • Drillers use but less systematically hydrocarbons with n-paraffins: their viscosity varies from 1.5 to 2 mm 2 / s, while their volatility remains above 11 mBars (1.1 KPa): their pour point close to 0 ° C (ASTM D97), and their very low temperature viscosity (Kinematic Viscosity at 0 ° C above 12 cSt according to ASTM D445) renders them unfit for deep offshore drilling.
  • the WO97 / 34963 recommends the use as drilling fluids of hydrocarbon cuts obtained by GTL or gas to liquid transformation, of a synthesis gas, after hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of the product obtained.
  • This document recommends the use of non-toxic, non-polluting and biodegradable drilling fluids, these fluids being composed of a mixture of C10 to C24 n-paraffins and isoparaffins, the isoparaffin-n-paraffin ratio varying from 0.5: 1 to about 9: 1, the isoparaffins containing more than 50% by weight of monomethylated species based on the total weight of the isoparaffins present in the mixture.
  • the viscosity characteristics at 40 ° C are acceptable nothing is said about the volatility of these cuts.
  • the object of the present invention is here to have a drilling fluid having the best compromise in terms of viscosity and volatility.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a drilling fluid having a viscosity at 40 ° C. of less than or equal to 2.5 mm 2 / s and a vapor pressure at 100 ° C. of less than or equal to 10 mbar (KPa) obtained from a a hydrocarbon fraction with a distillation temperature of between 200 and 350 ° C. containing a naphthenic hydrocarbons content of less than 40%, preferably less than 35%, by weight of said cut, and preferably having a pour point of less than -20 ° C according to ASTM D97.
  • the fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C of less than 2.3 mm 2 / s.
  • the Applicant has used a calculation model perfectly correlated with the VPTool tool, having the advantage of calculating the vapor pressure of a hydrocarbon fluid between 0 and 200 ° C from its physico-chemical characteristics and its composition.
  • this fluid is a good compromise to balance viscosity and vapor pressure, it also has good solvent properties for the additives generally used in drilling muds, and especially a good cold resistance, linked to a point of contact. low flow, but also a low toxicity linked to its very low level of aromatics, significant biodegradability, greater than 60% according to the OECD 306 protocol as well as excellent ecotoxicological properties (compatible with the OSPAR regulation).
  • this fluid comprises hydrocarbon cuts obtained by direct distillation of the crude oils, the distillates being subsequently hydrocracked and / or hydrotreated, or even hydrodewaxed.
  • These fluids may optionally be used in admixture with vegetable oil esters in concentration ratios of 10/90 to 90/10.
  • hydrotreatment it is intended to desulphurize and / or de-aromatised the rate of desulphurization and or déaroamtisation can be very high.
  • these fluids have an aromatic content of less than 500 ppm and a sulfur content of less than 50 ppm.
  • the aromatic content will be less than 100 ppm and the sulfur content less than 10 ppm.
  • This fluid is obtained from hydrocarbons of the group consisting of strongly deflavored and desulphurized jets and kerosines of pour point less than -20 ° C measured according to ASTM D97.
  • Jet means mixtures of petrol cuts with boiling temperatures between 130 and 210 ° C and kerosene cuts of boiling temperatures between 180 and 260 ° C measured according to ASTM D86.
  • the fluid according to the invention comprises more than 50% by weight of hydrocarbons containing from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. carbon, and preferably more than 70% of hydrocarbons of 16 to 22 carbon atoms.
  • These fluids are composed of more than 25% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 45% by weight of n-paraffins and less than 500 ppm of aromatics. More particularly, fluids containing 25 to 70% of isoparaffins and 5 to 45% of n-paraffins and less than 100 ppm of aromatics are chosen. Typically, these fluids contain a concentration of naphthenes between 20 and 40% by weight, preferably between 25 and 35% by weight of the fluid.
  • fluids can be used alone or in combination with fluids of the prior art if the final characteristics of the compound fluid respect the characteristics of viscosity and calculated volatility, and pour point, object of the invention.
  • Another object of the invention is the use of this fluid in the manufacture of drilling mud, oil sludge and / or water sludge.
  • the drilling mud will comprise more than 30% of the drilling fluid.
  • functional additives depending on the type of application of the sludge.
  • One of the main functional additives of sludge or fluid is the weighting agent essentially consisting of barite.
  • Other additives may be used in combination which are emulsifiers, wetting agents, viscosifiers, filtrate reducing agents, particulate agents for forming the gravel filters, proppants for maintaining hydraulically open fractures in subterranean formations, such as cellophane, scleroglucan and xanthan.
  • compositions of these sludges obtained from fluids according to the invention will vary according to whether they will be used as buffer fluid, as drilling mud or as fracturing fluid of the underground formations.
  • this drilling mud will consist of 30% to 95% of fluid and 5% to 70% of functional additives of said sludge.
  • a third object of the invention is the use of the sludge containing from 30 to 95% of the fluid according to the invention for drilling at sea at depths of more than 2000m, preferably of more than 4000m, for the drilling of wells also of more than 2000m, preferably more than 4000m, these wells being conventional wells, horizontal or deviated.
  • This sludge can be used as a buffer fluid, as a drilling mud or as a fracturing fluid for subterranean formations.
  • the present example aims to compare the characteristics of the fluids according to the invention hereinafter designated Di with those usually used referenced Ti.
  • Vp The values of Vp were calculated using the tool VP Tool at 100 ° C.
  • the results are compared using the graph shown in the figure 1 .
  • the best compromise is to have a KV40 at 40 ° C below 2.5 Cst, and a Vp calculated at 100 ° C less than 10 mbar.
  • Preferably the points in the lower 2.3 Cst and less than 10 mbar intervals are preferred.
  • D1, D2 and D3 have the optimum characteristics in terms of volatility and viscosity while having a low aromatic content.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
EP10717786.7A 2009-04-15 2010-04-14 Fluide de forage pour offshore profond Active EP2419487B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0901830A FR2944528B1 (fr) 2009-04-15 2009-04-15 Fluide de forage pour offshore profond
PCT/IB2010/051625 WO2010119413A1 (fr) 2009-04-15 2010-04-14 Fluide de forage pour offshore profond

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2419487A1 EP2419487A1 (fr) 2012-02-22
EP2419487B1 true EP2419487B1 (fr) 2014-10-08

Family

ID=41328947

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10717786.7A Active EP2419487B1 (fr) 2009-04-15 2010-04-14 Fluide de forage pour offshore profond

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120028854A1 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2419487B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5759978B2 (enExample)
BR (1) BRPI1006712B1 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2758655C (enExample)
ES (1) ES2527331T3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2944528B1 (enExample)
WO (1) WO2010119413A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2953853B1 (fr) 2009-12-15 2013-02-08 Total Raffinage Marketing Composition lubrifiante biodegradable et son utilisation dans un fluide de forage notamment pour reservoirs tres enfouis
EP3315592A1 (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-05-02 Total Marketing Services Use of biodegradable hydrocarbon fluids as drilling fluids
US11441409B2 (en) * 2018-03-29 2022-09-13 Satoshi ANZAI Hydrocarbon production method using hydraulic fracturing mine and hydrocarbon production apparatus
CN111691836A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-09-22 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种防止石盒子泥岩坍塌的方法
JP7582910B2 (ja) * 2021-06-16 2024-11-13 Ｅｎｅｏｓ株式会社 液体組成物

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5958845A (en) * 1995-04-17 1999-09-28 Union Oil Company Of California Non-toxic, inexpensive synthetic drilling fluid
WO1997034963A1 (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-25 Exxon Research And Engineering Company High performance environmentally friendly drilling fluids
FR2808534B1 (fr) * 2000-05-03 2002-08-02 Total Raffinage Distribution Composition lubrifiante biodegradable et ses utilisations, notamment dans un fluide de forage
WO2003093392A1 (en) * 2002-04-30 2003-11-13 The Petroleum Oil And Gas Corportion Of South Africa (Pty)Ltd Process for reducing the toxicity of hydrocarbons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI1006712A2 (pt) 2018-02-14
CA2758655A1 (fr) 2010-10-21
US20120028854A1 (en) 2012-02-02
EP2419487A1 (fr) 2012-02-22
FR2944528A1 (fr) 2010-10-22
ES2527331T3 (es) 2015-01-22
CA2758655C (fr) 2017-08-22
BRPI1006712B1 (pt) 2020-08-25
JP2012524142A (ja) 2012-10-11
FR2944528B1 (fr) 2012-07-20
JP5759978B2 (ja) 2015-08-05
WO2010119413A1 (fr) 2010-10-21

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