EP2417775A1 - Electroacoustic device, in particular for a concert hall - Google Patents

Electroacoustic device, in particular for a concert hall

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Publication number
EP2417775A1
EP2417775A1 EP10713208A EP10713208A EP2417775A1 EP 2417775 A1 EP2417775 A1 EP 2417775A1 EP 10713208 A EP10713208 A EP 10713208A EP 10713208 A EP10713208 A EP 10713208A EP 2417775 A1 EP2417775 A1 EP 2417775A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
filter
processing circuit
sound wave
coefficients
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10713208A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2417775B1 (en
Inventor
Julien Maillard
Isabelle Schmich
Christophe Rougier
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Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment CSTB
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Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment CSTB
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Publication of EP2417775A1 publication Critical patent/EP2417775A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/02—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for preventing acoustic reaction, i.e. acoustic oscillatory feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
    • G10K15/08—Arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound

Definitions

  • Electroacoustic device intended in particular for a concert hall
  • the present invention relates to an electroacoustic device intended in particular for a concert hall, an electroacoustic device comprising at least one sound wave pickup member and a sound wave rendition member connected by at least one processing circuit.
  • the device described in this patent document may be faced with problems of instability. Indeed, the device takes sound signals to restore them later with a certain delay, and as there is a coupling between the captors (microphone) and the organs of sound reproduction (speakers), instabilities type Larsen effect may occur. It is therefore necessary to fight them.
  • a cause of instability is the fluctuation of the temperature which varies the speed of sound.
  • Initial settings may no longer be suitable for changes in sound paths modified by temperature fluctuation.
  • No measures are described in the patent document cited above to account for changes in temperature. It is therefore not possible in this known device to perfect the settings since they will be distorted by these temperature fluctuations.
  • the object of the invention is to mitigate the adverse effects of temperature changes.
  • an electroacoustic device intended in particular for a concert hall, comprises a plurality of acoustic cells formed by at least one sound wave capture member and at least one wave rendering member. sound (HP1, HP2, HP3, HP4) and includes an echo cancellation circuit (30) formed by a filter involving a multitude of coefficients. It is remarkable in that a room temperature thermometry unit is provided to act on the multitude of coefficients depending on the ambient temperature.
  • said echo canceller circuit receives replicas from the various sound pickup members that comprises said device. These replicas are combined by mastering.
  • the sound reproduction by the speaker takes into account all the sound space of the room. This matrixing complicates the initial settings, again, it is not necessary that this sound quality is degraded by the temperature fluctuations that degrade the various initial setting parameters.
  • the measurement recommended by the invention overcomes this problem of temperature even in the case where all the signals from the different microphones are processed by stamping.
  • FIG. 1 a device of a first type of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 a device of a second type to which the measurements of the invention have been applied
  • FIG. 3 a cell of the first type to which the measurements of the invention have been applied.
  • the stabilization parameters of such electroacoustic devices correspond to a given environment surrounding the cell and to a given acoustic path between loudspeaker and microphone. In particular, these parameters are determined at a given temperature. But when the temperature evolves, the speed of sound evolves in the same direction since the two quantities are connected by the relation When the temperature varies, the sound reflections reaching the microphone are no longer the same since they propagate at a different speed and therefore arrive at different times. The acoustic path Hh pm is also modified since the properties of the propagation medium of the sound waves are modified. As a result, the stabilization parameters of the device no longer correspond to the environment for which they were determined. In addition, the experimental use of these microphone-speaker decoupling techniques has revealed a drift in the stability of a cell as a function of the value of the ambient temperature surrounding the cell.
  • the invention relates to the technique of correction of stability as a function of temperature, for each principle of stabilization of a cell.
  • the stability parameters of the device are determined during the adjustment at an initial temperature T 0 .
  • the invention consists in adjusting, as a function of temperature variations, the parameters determined at the temperature To.
  • an electroacoustic system of active control of the reverberation of a room is composed of: - one or more microphones allowing to capture a sound field,
  • one or more signal processing units acting on the signal (s) originating from the one or more loudspeakers or microphones in order to reproduce the audio signal (s) previously processed
  • “Online” systems are characterized by the positioning of the microphone or microphones close to the source in order to capture the direct field emitted by it.
  • the speakers are distributed throughout the room to ensure homogeneous sound coverage.
  • Signal processing is essentially composed of artificial reverberation.
  • Regenerative systems are characterized by the positioning of the microphones in the reverberated sound field of the room. Each microphone is connected to one or more speakers via a low-value gain.
  • the hybrid systems used are based on the capture of the sound field reverberated by the microphone or microphones, to which are added signal processing based on artificial reverberation.
  • An electroacoustic system of active reverberation control may consist of several sets (microphone - signal processing unit - speaker), called "cell". In the case where the microphone and the speaker are very close, there is a risk of instability of the cell (Larsen effect).
  • One system to which the invention can be applied is a regenerative type system consisting of several independent cells. The microphone and the speaker of the cell are very close, of the order of Im.
  • FIG. 1 represents a first known example of an electroacoustic system of active reverberation control. It is thus composed of a microphone 1 of a preamplifier 3 and a processing circuit 5 of an amplifier 7 and a loudspeaker 9. To control the stability of this cell, a directional microphone is used which the minimum sensitivity axis is directed in the directivity axis of the loudspeaker (as mentioned in the patent document mentioned above), as well as gain and selective filtering (filter F1) by the processing circuit 5.
  • filter F1 gain and selective filtering
  • FIG. 2 represents another example of a reverberation active control electroacoustic system cell.
  • the processing circuit 5 here comprises an echo cancellation filter 11.
  • This echo canceller 11 is used in the case where a less selective directionality of the microphone greatly reduces the acoustic decoupling of the cell.
  • the echo cancellation filter 11 must estimate as accurately as possible the acoustic transfer function (or acoustic path) between loudspeaker and microphone (H pm ). Echoes coming only from the loudspeaker (and not from the sound field present in the room) are then canceled by subtracting the signal from the preamplifier and the signal from the filter F1 by means of the subtraction device 13.
  • the echo canceller 11 corresponds to the acoustic path Hh pm (identified at the temperature To) which varies with the temperature. By knowing how the acoustic path Hh pm is modified with the temperature, it is possible to apply this modification to the annulator 11 by updating its coefficients. The canceller 11 then corresponds exactly to the acoustic path Hh pm at the new temperature. Maximum stabilization of the cell is assured again.
  • the updating of the coefficients of the canceller 11 is calculated as a function of the propagation delay of the waves induced by the temperature change.
  • the delay to be introduced into the response of the stabilization filter is given in fractions of sampling period by which f s represents the sampling frequency.
  • the algorithm provided below introduces the delay in the response of the filter in the frequency domain.
  • the discrete Fourier transform of the initial stabilization filter is written:
  • the discrete Fourier transform of the current stabilizing filter is obtained by multiplication of the delay term (complex terms): where A ⁇ s represents the delay expressed in fractions of sampling period.
  • the current filter coefficients are obtained by inverse Fourier transform:
  • FIG. 3 shows how temperature compensation can be performed on a structure shown in FIG. 1.
  • the frequency response of the acoustic path Hhpm experiences a frequency drift according to the temperature evolution - the frequency spectrum is shifted towards the high frequencies when the temperature increases, and towards the Low Frequencies when the temperature decreases.
  • a filter 15 is added to the signal processing unit of the cell in order to correct this frequency shift. If X 1 is the signal entering on the filter 15 and J ⁇ the signal leaving the filter 15, then the filter 15 leads to the relation: where / is the frequency of the signal and Af a frequency shift of this signal. The amount Af is calculated as a function of the temperature so as to compensate for the frequency offset generated by a temperature change.
  • Figure 4 there is shown another embodiment of the invention.
  • the reference 31 indicates a theater.
  • Each cell in this described mode of application, comprises a microphone Ml, a speaker HP1 for the cell C1, a microphone M2 a loudspeaker HP2 for the cell C2.
  • the cells C3, C4 are respectively provided, in the same way, with microphones M3, M4 and loudspeakers
  • All the cells C1, C2, C3, C4 are connected to each other by links LL1, LL2, LL3, LL4 via an interconnection circuit 40.
  • Figure 5 schematically shows the structure of the cell C1. It goes without saying that the other cells C2, C3, C4 can have the same structure.
  • the loudspeaker HPl renders a sound that takes into account the sounds picked up by the different microphones: the microphone Ml and also the other microphones M2, M3, M4 transiting through the different links LL1, LL2, LL3, LL4.
  • the sound picked up by the microphone Ml can also be transmitted to the other cells C2, C3, C4 by taking the link LL1.
  • the different sounds from all these microphones are added together by a mastering circuit consisting essentially of an adder 50 after having undergone appropriate weighting processing by variable gain amplifiers AP1, AP2, AP3, AP4.
  • each of these sounds is delayed by delay units TP2, TP3, TP4 assigned respectively to the microphones M2, M3, M4 so as to compensate for acoustic propagation delays due to the respective distances between the cell C1 and the cells C2, C3, C4.
  • the sounds are applied to the loudspeaker HP 1.
  • the cell C1 is equipped with an echo canceller circuit 60 essentially formed by a FIR filter involving a multitude of coefficients. At the input of this circuit 30, there is a replica of the signal applied to the speaker input HP1. The echo signal then generated by this circuit 60 is subtracted from the signal supplied by the microphone M1 by means of of a subtraction circuit 65.
  • Such a device can see its qualities degrade depending on the ambient temperature.
  • thermometric elements T1, T2, T3, T4 which measure the ambient temperature to act on the echo cancellation circuit 60.
  • each cell receives an indication of the temperature "Ti” so as to correct the harmful influence of the temperature changes with respect to the temperature "TO” at which the initial settings were made.
  • the temperature correction will act on the coefficients so as to bring a delay ⁇ with respect to the time ⁇ O, at which the initial setting has been made, by means of a relationship of the type below, already explained, such that:
  • Kelvin temperatures is the delay set at the initial setting.
  • the delay introduced in this way makes it possible to act on the direct acoustic path going from the loudspeaker of the cell concerned to the microphone of the same cell.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Reverberation, Karaoke And Other Acoustics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device comprising a means for compensating for the effects of the temperature for cells used to provide reverberation effects in an auditorium. The invention therefore prevents the unpleasant effects of the Larsen effect, for example, Ref.: FIG. 4. The invention can be used in the sound system of a concert hall.

Description

Dispositif électroacoustique destiné notamment à une salle de concert Electroacoustic device intended in particular for a concert hall
La présente invention concerne un dispositif électroacoustique destiné notamment à une salle de concert, dispositif électroacoustique comportant au moins un organe de captation d'onde sonore et un organe de restitution d'ondes sonores reliés par au moins un circuit de traitement.The present invention relates to an electroacoustic device intended in particular for a concert hall, an electroacoustic device comprising at least one sound wave pickup member and a sound wave rendition member connected by at least one processing circuit.
Une application importante de ce genre de dispositifs est, notamment l'amélioration des conditions d'écoute dans les salles de concert. Ce que l'on souhaite souvent : c'est d'apporter une réverbération qui peut donner, par exemple, une sensation de grand espace fort appréciée pour les concerts symphoniques, alors qu'en fait la salle peut être de petites dimensions.An important application of this kind of devices is, notably the improvement of the listening conditions in the concert halls. What we often want is to bring a reverb that can give, for example, a feeling of great space much appreciated for symphonic concerts, when in fact the room can be small.
Pour ce genre d'application, il est possible d'utiliser les enseignements donnés dans le document de brevet FR2449318.For this kind of application, it is possible to use the teachings given in the patent document FR2449318.
Le dispositif décrit dans ce document de brevet peut être confronté à des problèmes d'instabilité. En effet, le dispositif prélève des signaux sonores pour les restituer ensuite avec un certain retard, et comme il existe un couplage entre les organes de captation (microphone) et les organes de restitution sonores (haut-parleurs), des instabilités du type effet Larsen peuvent survenir. Il convient, donc, de les combattre.The device described in this patent document may be faced with problems of instability. Indeed, the device takes sound signals to restore them later with a certain delay, and as there is a coupling between the captors (microphone) and the organs of sound reproduction (speakers), instabilities type Larsen effect may occur. It is therefore necessary to fight them.
Une cause d'instabilité est la fluctuation de la température qui fait varier la vitesse du son. Les réglages initiaux risquent de ne plus être plus adaptés à des changements de chemins sonores modifiés par la fluctuation de température. Aucune mesure n'est décrite dans le document de brevet cité ci-dessus pour tenir compte des changements de température. Il n'est donc pas possible dans ce dispositif connu de parfaire les réglages puisque que ceux-ci seront faussés par ces fluctuations de température.A cause of instability is the fluctuation of the temperature which varies the speed of sound. Initial settings may no longer be suitable for changes in sound paths modified by temperature fluctuation. No measures are described in the patent document cited above to account for changes in temperature. It is therefore not possible in this known device to perfect the settings since they will be distorted by these temperature fluctuations.
L'objet de l'invention est de pallier aux effets néfastes des changements de température.The object of the invention is to mitigate the adverse effects of temperature changes.
Pour cela, un tel dispositif électroacoustique est remarquable en ce qu'il comporte des organes de compensation qui fournisse une compensation aux changements de température. Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, un dispositif électroacoustique destiné notamment à une salle de concert, comporte une pluralité de cellules acoustiques formées par au moins un organe de captation d'onde sonore et au moins un organe de restitution d'ondes sonores (HPl, HP2, HP3, HP4) et comporte un circuit annulateur d'écho (30) formé par un filtre impliquant une multitude de coefficients. Il est remarquable en ce qu'il est prévu un organe de thermométrie de la température ambiante pour agir sur la multitude de coefficients en dépendance de la température ambiante.For this, such an electroacoustic device is remarkable in that it comprises compensation members that provide compensation for temperature changes. According to a first embodiment of the invention, an electroacoustic device intended in particular for a concert hall, comprises a plurality of acoustic cells formed by at least one sound wave capture member and at least one wave rendering member. sound (HP1, HP2, HP3, HP4) and includes an echo cancellation circuit (30) formed by a filter involving a multitude of coefficients. It is remarkable in that a room temperature thermometry unit is provided to act on the multitude of coefficients depending on the ambient temperature.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit circuit annulateur d'écho reçoit des répliques provenant des différents organes de captation de son que comporte ledit dispositif. Ces répliques sont combinées par matriçage. Ainsi, la restitution des sons par le haut-parleur tient compte de tout l'espace sonore de la salle. Ce matriçage complique les réglages initiaux, là encore, il ne faut donc pas que cette qualité sonore soit dégradée par les fluctuations de température qui viennent dégrader les différents paramètres initiaux de réglage. La mesure préconisée par l'invention permet de remédier à ce problème de température même dans le cas où tous les signaux issus des différents microphones sont traités par matriçage.According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, said echo canceller circuit receives replicas from the various sound pickup members that comprises said device. These replicas are combined by mastering. Thus, the sound reproduction by the speaker takes into account all the sound space of the room. This matrixing complicates the initial settings, again, it is not necessary that this sound quality is degraded by the temperature fluctuations that degrade the various initial setting parameters. The measurement recommended by the invention overcomes this problem of temperature even in the case where all the signals from the different microphones are processed by stamping.
La description suivante accompagnée des dessins ci-annexés, le tout donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif fera bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée. Les dessins représentent:The following description accompanied by the accompanying drawings, all given by way of non-limiting example will make it clear how the invention can be achieved. The drawings represent:
- à la figure 1, un dispositif d'un premier type de l'art antérieur,in FIG. 1, a device of a first type of the prior art,
- à la figure 2, un dispositif d'un deuxième type auquel on a appliqué les mesures de l'invention,in FIG. 2, a device of a second type to which the measurements of the invention have been applied,
- à la figure 3, une cellule du premier type à laquelle on a appliqué les mesures de l'invention.in FIG. 3, a cell of the first type to which the measurements of the invention have been applied.
- à la figure 4, un dispositif conforme à l'invention impliquant un matriçage de signaux.- In Figure 4, a device according to the invention involving a stamping signals.
- à la figure 5, une cellule acoustique apte à faire partie d'un dispositif de l'invention. Sur les figures les éléments communs portent les mêmes références.- In Figure 5, an acoustic cell adapted to be part of a device of the invention. In the figures, the common elements bear the same references.
On rappelle tout d'abord le problème. Les paramètres de stabilisation de tels dispositifs électroacoustique correspondent à un environnement donné entourant la cellule et à un chemin acoustique donné entre haut-parleur et microphone. En particulier, ces paramètres sont déterminés à une température donnée. Or lorsque la température évolue, la célérité du son évolue dans le même sens puisque les deux grandeurs sont reliées par la relation Quand la température varie, les réflexions sonores parvenant au microphone ne sont donc plus les mêmes puisqu'elles se propagent à une vitesse différente et arrivent donc à des instants différents. Le chemin acoustique Hhpm est lui aussi modifié puisque les propriétés du milieu de propagation des ondes sonore sont modifiées. Il en résulte que les paramètres de stabilisation de du dispositif ne correspondent plus à l'environnement pour lequel ils ont été déterminés. De plus, l'utilisation expérimentale ces techniques de découplage microphone - haut-parleur ont fait apparaître une dérive de la stabilité d'une cellule en fonction de la valeur de la température ambiante entourant la cellule.We first recall the problem. The stabilization parameters of such electroacoustic devices correspond to a given environment surrounding the cell and to a given acoustic path between loudspeaker and microphone. In particular, these parameters are determined at a given temperature. But when the temperature evolves, the speed of sound evolves in the same direction since the two quantities are connected by the relation When the temperature varies, the sound reflections reaching the microphone are no longer the same since they propagate at a different speed and therefore arrive at different times. The acoustic path Hh pm is also modified since the properties of the propagation medium of the sound waves are modified. As a result, the stabilization parameters of the device no longer correspond to the environment for which they were determined. In addition, the experimental use of these microphone-speaker decoupling techniques has revealed a drift in the stability of a cell as a function of the value of the ambient temperature surrounding the cell.
L'invention concerne la technique de correction de la stabilité en fonction de la température, pour chaque principe de stabilisation d'une cellule. Les paramètres de stabilité du dispositif sont déterminés lors du réglage à une température initiale T0.The invention relates to the technique of correction of stability as a function of temperature, for each principle of stabilization of a cell. The stability parameters of the device are determined during the adjustment at an initial temperature T 0 .
L'invention consiste à ajuster en fonction des variations de température les paramètres déterminés à la température To.The invention consists in adjusting, as a function of temperature variations, the parameters determined at the temperature To.
On rappelle ensuite qu'un système électroacoustique de contrôle actif de la réverbération d'une salle est composé : - d' un ou plusieurs microphones permettant de capter un champ sonore,We recall then that an electroacoustic system of active control of the reverberation of a room is composed of: - one or more microphones allowing to capture a sound field,
- d'une ou plusieurs unités de traitement de signaux agissant sur le ou les signaux provenant du ou des microphones un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs afin de restituer le ou les signaux audio précédemment traités,one or more signal processing units acting on the signal (s) originating from the one or more loudspeakers or microphones in order to reproduce the audio signal (s) previously processed,
Les systèmes « en ligne » se caractérisent par le positionnement du ou des microphones proches de la source afin de capter majoritairement le champ direct émis par celle-ci. Les haut-parleurs sont répartis dans la salle afin d'assurer une couverture sonore homogène. Le traitement des signaux se compose alors essentiellement de réverbération artificielle."Online" systems are characterized by the positioning of the microphone or microphones close to the source in order to capture the direct field emitted by it. The speakers are distributed throughout the room to ensure homogeneous sound coverage. Signal processing is essentially composed of artificial reverberation.
Les systèmes régénératifs se caractérisent par le positionnement du ou des microphones dans le champ sonore réverbéré de la salle. Chaque microphone est relié à un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs par l'intermédiaire d'un gain de faible valeur.Regenerative systems are characterized by the positioning of the microphones in the reverberated sound field of the room. Each microphone is connected to one or more speakers via a low-value gain.
Les systèmes hybrides utilisés se basent sur la captation du champ sonore réverbéré par le ou les microphones, auquel sont ajoutés des traitements de signaux basés sur de la réverbération artificielle.The hybrid systems used are based on the capture of the sound field reverberated by the microphone or microphones, to which are added signal processing based on artificial reverberation.
Un système électroacoustique de contrôle actif de réverbération peut être constitué de plusieurs ensembles (microphone - unité traitement de signal - haut-parleur), dénommé « cellule ». Dans le cas où le microphone et le haut-parleur sont très proches, il existe un risque d'instabilité de la cellule (effet Larsen). Un système auquel peut s'appliquer l'invention est un système de type régénératif constitué de plusieurs cellules indépendantes. Le microphone et le haut-parleur de la cellule sont très proches, de l'ordre de Im.An electroacoustic system of active reverberation control may consist of several sets (microphone - signal processing unit - speaker), called "cell". In the case where the microphone and the speaker are very close, there is a risk of instability of the cell (Larsen effect). One system to which the invention can be applied is a regenerative type system consisting of several independent cells. The microphone and the speaker of the cell are very close, of the order of Im.
La figure 1 représente un premier exemple connu de cellule de système électroacoustique de contrôle actif de réverbération. Elle est donc composée d'un microphone 1 d'un préamplificateur 3 et d'un circuit de traitement 5 d'un amplificateur 7 et d'un haut-parleur 9. Pour contrôler la stabilité de cette cellule on utilise un microphone directionnel dont l'axe de minimum de sensibilité est dirigé dans l'axe de directivité du haut-parleur (comme mentionné dans le document de brevet mentionné ci-dessus), ainsi qu'un gain et un filtrage sélectif (filtre Fl) par le circuit de traitement 5.FIG. 1 represents a first known example of an electroacoustic system of active reverberation control. It is thus composed of a microphone 1 of a preamplifier 3 and a processing circuit 5 of an amplifier 7 and a loudspeaker 9. To control the stability of this cell, a directional microphone is used which the minimum sensitivity axis is directed in the directivity axis of the loudspeaker (as mentioned in the patent document mentioned above), as well as gain and selective filtering (filter F1) by the processing circuit 5.
La figure 2 représente un autre exemple de cellule de système électroacoustique de contrôle actif de réverbération. Le circuit de traitement 5 comporte ici un filtre annulateur d'écho 11. Cet annulateur d'écho 11 est utilisé dans le cas où une directivité moins sélective du microphone diminue fortement le découplage acoustique de la cellule. Pour assurer un découplage suffisant de la cellule, le filtre annulateur d'écho 11 doit estimer le plus exactement possible la fonction de transfert acoustique (ou chemin acoustique) entre haut-parleur et microphone (Hhpm). Les échos provenant uniquement du haut-parleur (et non pas du champ sonore présent dans la salle) sont alors annulés en retranchant le signal provenant du préamplificateur et le signal provenant du filtre Fl au moyen du dispositif de soustraction 13.FIG. 2 represents another example of a reverberation active control electroacoustic system cell. The processing circuit 5 here comprises an echo cancellation filter 11. This echo canceller 11 is used in the case where a less selective directionality of the microphone greatly reduces the acoustic decoupling of the cell. To ensure sufficient decoupling of the cell, the echo cancellation filter 11 must estimate as accurately as possible the acoustic transfer function (or acoustic path) between loudspeaker and microphone (H pm ). Echoes coming only from the loudspeaker (and not from the sound field present in the room) are then canceled by subtracting the signal from the preamplifier and the signal from the filter F1 by means of the subtraction device 13.
L' annulateur d'écho 11 correspond au chemin acoustique Hhpm (identifié à la température To) qui varie avec la température. En connaissant la manière dont le chemin acoustique Hhpm est modifié avec la température, il est possible d'appliquer cette modification à l'annulateur 11 en mettant à jour ses coefficients. L'annulateur 11 correspond alors exactement au chemin acoustique Hhpm à la nouvelle température. Une stabilisation maximale de la cellule est de nouveau assurée.The echo canceller 11 corresponds to the acoustic path Hh pm (identified at the temperature To) which varies with the temperature. By knowing how the acoustic path Hh pm is modified with the temperature, it is possible to apply this modification to the annulator 11 by updating its coefficients. The canceller 11 then corresponds exactly to the acoustic path Hh pm at the new temperature. Maximum stabilization of the cell is assured again.
Selon l'invention, la mise à jour des coefficients de l'annulateur 11 est calculée en fonction du délai de propagation des ondes induit par le changement de température. Pour une température initiale To qui varie jusqu'à une température courante T1, le la valeur du délai induit par la différence de température AT = T1 - T0 est donné par la formulation avec la température en Kelvins.According to the invention, the updating of the coefficients of the canceller 11 is calculated as a function of the propagation delay of the waves induced by the temperature change. For an initial temperature To which varies up to a current temperature T 1 , the value of the delay induced by the temperature difference AT = T 1 - T 0 is given by the formulation with the temperature in Kelvins.
Le retard à introduire dans la réponse du filtre de stabilisation est donné en fractions de période d'échantillonnage par où fs représente la fréquence d'échantillonnage. L'algorithme fournit ci-après introduit le retard dans la réponse du filtre dans le domaine fréquentiel. La transformée de Fourier discrète du filtre de stabilisation initial s'écrit :The delay to be introduced into the response of the stabilization filter is given in fractions of sampling period by which f s represents the sampling frequency. The algorithm provided below introduces the delay in the response of the filter in the frequency domain. The discrete Fourier transform of the initial stabilization filter is written:
avec j La transformée de Fourier discrète du filtre de stabilisation courant est obtenue par multiplication du terme de retard (termes complexes) : où Aτs représente le retard exprimé en fractions de période d'échantillonnage. Les coefficients de filtre courant sont obtenus par transformée de Fourier inverse : with j The discrete Fourier transform of the current stabilizing filter is obtained by multiplication of the delay term (complex terms): where Aτ s represents the delay expressed in fractions of sampling period. The current filter coefficients are obtained by inverse Fourier transform:
On ne gardera que la partie réelle des coefficients calculés plus haut, la partie imaginaire non-nulle étant due aux erreurs d'arrondis.We will keep only the real part of the coefficients calculated above, the non-zero imaginary part being due to the rounding errors.
La figure 3 montre comment on peut réaliser une compensation de la température sur une structure montrée à la figure 1. La réponse en fréquence du chemin acoustique Hhpm connaît une dérive en fréquence suivant l'évolution de la température - le spectre fréquentiel est décalé vers les hautes fréquences lorsque la température augmente, et vers les Basses Fréquences lorsque la température diminue. C'est pourquoi un filtre 15 est ajouté à l'unité de traitement de signaux de la cellule afin de corriger ce décalage en fréquence. Si X1 est le signal entrant sur le filtre 15 et JΛ le signal sortant du filtre 15, alors le filtre 15 amène à la relation : où / est la fréquence du signal et Af un décalage en fréquence de ce signal. La quantité Af est calculée en fonction de la température de façon à compenser le décalage en fréquence généré par un changement de température. A la figure 4, on représenté un autre mode d'application de l'invention. La référence 31 indique une salle de spectacle. Dans cette salle de spectacle, on a disposé une pluralité de cellules acoustiques Cl, C2, C3, C4, etc. Chaque cellule, dans ce mode d'application décrit, comporte un microphone Ml, un haut parleur HPl pour la cellule Cl, un microphone M2 un haut-parleur HP2 pour la cellule C2. Les cellules C3, C4 sont munies respectivement, de la même manière, de microphones M3, M4 et de haut-parleursFIG. 3 shows how temperature compensation can be performed on a structure shown in FIG. 1. The frequency response of the acoustic path Hhpm experiences a frequency drift according to the temperature evolution - the frequency spectrum is shifted towards the high frequencies when the temperature increases, and towards the Low Frequencies when the temperature decreases. This is why a filter 15 is added to the signal processing unit of the cell in order to correct this frequency shift. If X 1 is the signal entering on the filter 15 and JΛ the signal leaving the filter 15, then the filter 15 leads to the relation: where / is the frequency of the signal and Af a frequency shift of this signal. The amount Af is calculated as a function of the temperature so as to compensate for the frequency offset generated by a temperature change. In Figure 4, there is shown another embodiment of the invention. The reference 31 indicates a theater. In this theater, there is arranged a plurality of acoustic cells C1, C2, C3, C4, etc. Each cell, in this described mode of application, comprises a microphone Ml, a speaker HP1 for the cell C1, a microphone M2 a loudspeaker HP2 for the cell C2. The cells C3, C4 are respectively provided, in the same way, with microphones M3, M4 and loudspeakers
HP3, HP4 etc.HP3, HP4 etc.
Toutes les cellules Cl, C2, C3, C4 sont reliées, entre elles, par des liaisons LLl, LL2, LL3, LL4 par l'intermédiaire d'un circuit d'interconnexions 40.All the cells C1, C2, C3, C4 are connected to each other by links LL1, LL2, LL3, LL4 via an interconnection circuit 40.
La figure 5 montre schématiquement la structure de la cellule Cl. Il va de soi que les autres cellules C2, C3, C4 peuvent avoir la même structure.Figure 5 schematically shows the structure of the cell C1. It goes without saying that the other cells C2, C3, C4 can have the same structure.
Le haut-parleur HPl restitue un son qui tient compte des sons prélevés par les différents microphones : le microphone Ml et aussi les autres microphones M2, M3, M4 transitant par les différentes liaisons LLl, LL2, LL3, LL4. Le son capté par le microphone Ml peut aussi être transmis vers les autres cellules C2, C3, C4 en empruntant la liaison LLl.The loudspeaker HPl renders a sound that takes into account the sounds picked up by the different microphones: the microphone Ml and also the other microphones M2, M3, M4 transiting through the different links LL1, LL2, LL3, LL4. The sound picked up by the microphone Ml can also be transmitted to the other cells C2, C3, C4 by taking the link LL1.
Les différents sons issus de tous ces microphones sont additionnés entre eux par un circuit de matriçage constitué essentiellement par un additionneur 50 après avoir subi un traitement de pondération approprié par des amplificateurs de gain variables APl, AP2, AP3, AP4. En outre, chacun de ces sons est retardé par des unités de retard TP2, TP3, TP4 affectées respectivement aux microphones M2, M3, M4 de sorte à compenser les délais de propagation acoustique dus aux distances respectives entre la cellule Cl et les cellules C2, C3, C4. On peut aussi faire subir des traitements de réverbération par des circuits RV2, RV3, RV4. Après ces traitements mentionnés, les sons sont appliqués au haut-parleur HP 1. La cellule Cl est équipée d'un circuit annulateur d'écho 60 formé essentiellement par un filtre FIR impliquant une multitude de coefficients. A l'entrée de ce circuit 30, on a une réplique du signal appliqué à l'entrée du haut-parleur HPl. Le signal d'écho alors engendré par ce circuit 60 est soustrait au signal fourni par le microphone Ml au moyen d'un circuit de soustraction 65.The different sounds from all these microphones are added together by a mastering circuit consisting essentially of an adder 50 after having undergone appropriate weighting processing by variable gain amplifiers AP1, AP2, AP3, AP4. In addition, each of these sounds is delayed by delay units TP2, TP3, TP4 assigned respectively to the microphones M2, M3, M4 so as to compensate for acoustic propagation delays due to the respective distances between the cell C1 and the cells C2, C3, C4. It is also possible to carry out reverberation treatments by circuits RV2, RV3, RV4. After these mentioned treatments, the sounds are applied to the loudspeaker HP 1. The cell C1 is equipped with an echo canceller circuit 60 essentially formed by a FIR filter involving a multitude of coefficients. At the input of this circuit 30, there is a replica of the signal applied to the speaker input HP1. The echo signal then generated by this circuit 60 is subtracted from the signal supplied by the microphone M1 by means of of a subtraction circuit 65.
Un tel dispositif peut voir ses qualités se dégrader en fonction de la température ambiante.Such a device can see its qualities degrade depending on the ambient temperature.
Selon l'invention, les différentes cellules Cl, C2, C3, C4 sont munies d'organe de thermométrie Tl , T2, T3, T 4 qui mesurent la température ambiante pour agir sur le circuit annulateur d'écho 60.According to the invention, the different cells C1, C2, C3, C4 are provided with thermometric elements T1, T2, T3, T4 which measure the ambient temperature to act on the echo cancellation circuit 60.
Ainsi, chaque cellule reçoit une indication de la température « Ti » de sorte à corriger l'influence néfaste des changements de température par rapport à la température « TO » à laquelle ont été faits les réglages initiaux. La correction de température va agir sur les coefficients de sorte à apporter un retard Δτ par rapport au temps τO, auquel le réglage initial a été effectué, au moyen d'une relation du type ci-dessous, déjà explicitée, telle que : Thus, each cell receives an indication of the temperature "Ti" so as to correct the harmful influence of the temperature changes with respect to the temperature "TO" at which the initial settings were made. The temperature correction will act on the coefficients so as to bring a delay Δτ with respect to the time τO, at which the initial setting has been made, by means of a relationship of the type below, already explained, such that:
Avec : températures en degré Kelvin est le retard établi au moment du réglage initial.With: Kelvin temperatures is the delay set at the initial setting.
Le retard introduit de la sorte permet d'agir sur le chemin acoustique direct allant du haut-parleur de la cellule concernée au microphone de la même cellule. The delay introduced in this way makes it possible to act on the direct acoustic path going from the loudspeaker of the cell concerned to the microphone of the same cell.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif électroacoustique destiné notamment à une salle de concert, dispositif électroacoustique comportant au moins un organe de captation d'onde sonore (1) et un organe de restitution d'ondes sonores (9) reliés par au moins un circuit de traitement (5), caractérisé en ce que le circuit de traitement comporte un organe de compensation (15, 11) pour compenser l'effet d'instabilité dû à une évolution de la température.1. An electroacoustic device intended in particular for a concert hall, an electroacoustic device comprising at least one sound wave pick-up member (1) and a sound wave rendition member (9) connected by at least one processing circuit (5). ), characterized in that the processing circuit comprises a compensating member (15, 11) for compensating for the instability effect due to an evolution of the temperature.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce l'organe de compensation est formé d'un filtre en fréquence (15) dont l'accord dépend de la température.2. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the compensation member is formed of a frequency filter (15) whose agreement depends on the temperature.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2 dans lequel le circuit de traitement comporte un filtre annulateur d'écho (11) apportant un certain retard, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de traitement (5) agit sur ledit filtre annulateur d'écho en fonction de la température.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the processing circuit comprises an echo canceller filter (11) providing a certain delay, characterized in that the processing circuit (5) acts on said echo cancellation filter in temperature function.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 comportant une pluralité de cellules acoustiques (Cl, C2, C3, C4) formées par au moins un organe de captation d'onde sonore4. Device according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of acoustic cells (C1, C2, C3, C4) formed by at least one sound wave pickup member
(Ml, M2, M3, M4) et au moins un organe de restitution d'ondes sonores (HPl, HP2, HP3, HP4) et comportant un circuit annulateur d'écho (60) formé par un filtre impliquant une multitude de coefficients, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un organe de thermométrie (Tl, T2, T3, T4) de la température ambiante pour agir sur la multitude de coefficients en dépendance de la température ambiante.(Ml, M2, M3, M4) and at least one sound wave rendering member (HP1, HP2, HP3, HP4) and having an echo cancellation circuit (60) formed by a filter involving a multitude of coefficients, characterized in that there is provided a thermometric member (T1, T2, T3, T4) of the ambient temperature to act on the multitude of coefficients depending on the ambient temperature.
5. Dispositif électroacoustique selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit annulateur d'écho (60) reçoit des répliques provenant des différents organes de captation de son (Ml, M2, M3, M4) que comporte ledit dispositif, combinées par un circuit de matriçage (40).5. Electroacoustic device according to claim 4 characterized in that said echo cancellation circuit (60) receives replicas from the various sound pickup members (Ml, M2, M3, M4) that comprises said device, combined by a circuit forging (40).
6. Dispositif électroacoustique selon la revendication 4 ou 5 caractérisé en ce que le changement des valeurs desdits coefficients est fait pour apporter une variation de retard Δτ par rapport au temps τO, déterminé au réglage initial, au moyen d'une relation du type ci-dessous telle que : avec : : températures en degré Kelvin. 6. Electroacoustic device according to claim 4 or 5 characterized in that the change of the values of said coefficients is made to provide a variation of delay Δτ with respect to time τO, determined at initial setting, by means of a relation of the type below such as: with: : temperatures in Kelvin degree.
EP10713208.6A 2009-04-09 2010-04-09 Electroacoustic device, in particular for a concert hall Active EP2417775B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0952353A FR2944374A1 (en) 2009-04-09 2009-04-09 ELECTROACOUSTIC DEVICE INTENDED IN PARTICULAR FOR A CONCERT ROOM
FR0902557A FR2944375B1 (en) 2009-04-09 2009-05-27 ELECTROACOUSTIC DEVICE INTENDED IN PARTICULAR FOR A CONCERT ROOM
PCT/EP2010/054686 WO2010115972A1 (en) 2009-04-09 2010-04-09 Electroacoustic device, in particular for a concert hall

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US20120189128A1 (en) 2012-07-26
CA2757990A1 (en) 2010-10-14
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WO2010115972A1 (en) 2010-10-14

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