EP2409103A2 - Heat exchanger unit and thermotechnical system - Google Patents

Heat exchanger unit and thermotechnical system

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Publication number
EP2409103A2
EP2409103A2 EP10719231A EP10719231A EP2409103A2 EP 2409103 A2 EP2409103 A2 EP 2409103A2 EP 10719231 A EP10719231 A EP 10719231A EP 10719231 A EP10719231 A EP 10719231A EP 2409103 A2 EP2409103 A2 EP 2409103A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
condenser
exchanger unit
evaporator
evaporator device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10719231A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2409103B1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Petersen
Christian Finck
Martin Mittermeier
Anna Jahnke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Berlin
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Berlin
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Berlin filed Critical Technische Universitaet Berlin
Publication of EP2409103A2 publication Critical patent/EP2409103A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2409103B1 publication Critical patent/EP2409103B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0426—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to the large body of fluid, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent heat exchange units in common air flow or with units extending at an angle to each other or with units arranged around a central element
    • F28D1/0443—Combination of units extending one beside or one above the other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/007—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/0071—Evaporators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger unit and a heat engineering system, in particular a refrigeration system.
  • the main components of refrigeration systems such as evaporator, absorber, expeller and condenser are heat exchangers, all of which transport between media heat. These heat exchangers are responsible for 50% of the costs and 75% of the volume of the refrigeration system.
  • WO 2007/006289 A1 discloses a functional principle of a heat pump designed as an absorption refrigeration system. Based on a schematic diagram, the operation of the heat pump, which has a plurality of heat exchanger components, is explained in detail there. Heat exchanger components in the real construction of a plant are then also combined into heat exchanger units, which A steam generator configured to vaporize a heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working fluid and having a condenser configured to fluidly liquefy the heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working fluid.
  • Known construction and construction types for heat exchanger units provide a pronounced spatial separation of the functional units, which are optionally arranged in a common shell or a common housing.
  • the evaporator device and condenser device are arranged side by side.
  • One embodiment of this is the so-called hamster baking construction, in which an evaporator device is arranged between two partial condenser devices and the overall structure is integrated in a tubular housing.
  • Known units of heat exchanger components have a drip separator or steam jalousies to make it difficult for liquid splashes to make the transition to other heat exchanger units or to completely prevent this.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger unit with an improved structural design, which supports the flexible use of the heat exchanger unit in applications with different requirements.
  • a heat exchanger unit having an evaporator means configured to evaporate a heat exchange medium and a liquefaction means configured to liquefy the heat exchanger medium, the evaporator means and the condenser means for overflowing heat exchange means being in fluid communication and are arranged to each other in a frontal configuration.
  • a heat pump in particular a refrigeration system, is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger units, which are assembled according to a modular structure.
  • thermodynamic unit consists of one or more pairs of evaporator device and condenser, which form a thermodynamic and process engineering unit.
  • This thermodynamic unit is characterized in particular in that both the length of the steam path and the specific steam mass flow are independent of the absolute power or capacity of the entire heat exchanger unit. The once optimized ratio of the capacities of the heat exchangers among themselves, which form a higher-level unit, is maintained even with scaling of the power.
  • Modular heat exchanger units can be produced which can be assembled in an overall plant, thereby enabling improved scalability of thermal plants or heat pumps, in particular refrigerating plants and desalination plants.
  • the frontal configuration allows a design with optimized space utilization and contributes significantly to the thermal separation of the different functional units, steam generator and condenser, which despite thermal optimization, the thermal losses are minimized.
  • the evaporator device may be, for example, a generator or an evaporator.
  • the condenser device is designed, for example, as an absorber or a condenser.
  • the frontal arrangement of evaporator and condenser leads compared to known heat exchanger units to a changed vapor flow behavior between the devices, which implies a kind of wave formation, whereby an increased heat and mass transfer is achieved.
  • the performance-related heat exchanger surface is reduced.
  • the scalability achieved with the invention makes it possible to individually adapt thermal systems, in particular refrigeration systems, with regard to system size and performance for different applications.
  • a compact design is possible, to advance into small power ranges that were unattractive to known designs of possible assembly of heat exchanger components due to poor power density and large footprint.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the evaporator device and the condenser are arranged opposite one another frontally.
  • end surfaces of the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged opposite one another, be it at a distance from each other or lying substantially one on top of the other.
  • the evaporator device and the condenser are at least partially arranged end-to-end interlocking.
  • line sections of evaporator device and condenser device engage in sections into one another, whereby an overlap formed thereby is preferably greater or smaller than half the longitudinal extension of the respective pipelines.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that piping of the evaporator device and pipes of the condenser device intermesh alternately. Alternately, a pipe of the evaporator and a pipe of the condenser are arranged.
  • a development of the invention provides that an end face of the evaporator device facing the condenser device is arranged substantially completely overlapping with an end face of the condenser device facing the evaporator device and / or vice versa.
  • the frontal surfaces are thus arranged substantially congruent.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a tropfabscheiderfill training. In contrast to known heat exchanger units, effort and precautions for a mist eliminator can be saved.
  • a further development of the invention provides for a vapor barrier-free and / or a droplet barrier-free design. As a result, a further simplification is formed, which supports a material and cost-saving construction.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides a module structure.
  • the design principle provided with regard to the arrangement of the evaporator device and condenser device makes it possible, in one embodiment, to form independent flow characteristics for the heat exchanger operating medium in the respective module, which essentially do not change when a plurality of heat exchanger units constructed as a module are assembled in one system.
  • the evaporator device and the condenser device are formed in a thermal compressor.
  • the thermal compressor is integrated in a refrigeration system.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a thermal plant with four heat exchanger components
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device and evaporator device, in which end faces are arranged opposite one another
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device and evaporator device, in which end faces are likewise arranged opposite one another
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device and evaporator device in an end-side configuration, wherein the evaporator device and the condenser device are partially arranged one inside the other.
  • 1 shows a perspective view of a thermal installation with a heat exchanger unit 10, which is formed with a steam generator 11 and a condenser 12.
  • the steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 each have associated pipes 13, 14.
  • On the heat exchanger unit 10 a further heat exchanger unit 20 is arranged, which is formed with a condenser 21 and a steam generator 22.
  • the two heat exchanger units 10, 20 form a refrigeration system.
  • the steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 are positioned in a frontal configuration or arrangement with end faces disposed opposite one another.
  • An identical structural design is provided for the further heat exchanger unit 20 with the condenser 21 and the steam generator 22.
  • vaporized operating medium which is also referred to as working fluid, flows from the steam generator 11 to the condenser 12 in order to at least partially condense there.
  • the liquid condensate is then transferred to the steam generator 22 to evaporate there and then flow as a vapor to the condenser 21, where condensation takes place again.
  • the liquid produced in this case is then returned to the steam generator 11.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 30 and evaporator device 31 in which end faces 32, 33 are arranged opposite one another.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 40 and evaporator device 41, in which end faces 42, 43 are likewise arranged opposite one another.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 50 and evaporator device 51 in an end-side configuration, wherein the evaporator device 50 and the condenser device 51 are arranged partially interlocking, so that an overlap region 52 is created.
  • the respective evaporator device steam generator
  • the respective condenser device (condenser) is preferably designed as an absorber or a condenser.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger unit having an evaporator device configured for evaporating a heat exchanger operating fluid, and a condenser device configured for condensing the heat exchanger operating fluid, wherein the evaporator device and the condenser device are fluidically connected to each other in a frontal configuration. The invention further relates to a thermotechnical system having a plurality of heat exchanger units.

Description

Wärmetauschereinheit und wärmetechnische Anlage Heat exchanger unit and thermal installation
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wärmetauschereinheit sowie eine wärmetechnische Anlage, insbesondere einer Kälteanlage.The invention relates to a heat exchanger unit and a heat engineering system, in particular a refrigeration system.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
Der Bedarf an Klimatisierungsaufwand, insbesondere Kälteenergie, und somit der Gesamtenergiebedarf aufgrund steigender Arbeitsplatzanforderungen und Komfortwünsche ist stetig stark steigend. Die Klimatisierung der privaten wie gewerblichen Fahrzeugtechnik bezogen auf die Fahrgastzelle hat innerhalb von 10 Jahren von einem marginalen Marktanteil annähernd 100 % erreicht. Ähnliches ist für die Klimatisierung des Gebäudebestands zu erwarten. Zusätzlich wird mit Umsetzung der europäischen Richtlinie über die Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden künftig der Kühlenenergiebedarf bei der Gebäudebewertung berücksichtigt. Energie- und kosteneffiziente Kühltechnologien gewinnen hierdurch weiter an Bedeutung.The need for air conditioning, especially cold energy, and thus the total energy demand due to increasing workplace requirements and comfort requirements is steadily increasing. The air conditioning of private and commercial vehicle technology in relation to the passenger compartment has reached a marginal market share of almost 100% within 10 years. The same is to be expected for the air conditioning of the building stock. In addition, the implementation of the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings will in future take into account the cooling energy requirements of the building assessment. As a result, energy and cost-efficient cooling technologies are becoming increasingly important.
Ein Hemmnis für den verstärkten Ausbau kapitalintensiver KWK-Technologien (KWK - Kraft- Wärme-Kopplung) ist die geringe Systemauslastung in den Sommermonaten. Die umweltschonende Kältebereitstellung mittels thermischer Kälteerzeugungsprozesse gilt als Mög- lichkeit, diesem Hemmnis entgegen zu wirken. Gerade in Fernwärmenetzen, die vorwiegend durch KWK-System versorgt werden, steht die notwendige Wärmeenergie zum Betrieb von thermischen Kälteerzeugungsprozessen als Abwärme aus der Stromerzeugung zur Verfügung.One obstacle to the increased expansion of capital-intensive CHP technologies (CHP - combined heat and power) is the low system utilization in the summer months. The environmentally friendly provision of refrigeration by means of thermal refrigeration processes is considered a possibility to counteract this obstacle. Especially in district heating networks, which are mainly supplied by CHP system, the necessary heat energy for the operation of thermal cooling processes is available as waste heat from electricity generation.
Die Hauptkomponenten von Kälteanlagen wie Verdampfer, Absorber, Austreiber und Kon- densator sind Wärmetauscher, die alle zwischen Medienwärme transportieren. Diese Wärmeüberträger sind hierbei für 50 % der Kosten und 75 % des Volumens der Kälteanlage verantwortlich.The main components of refrigeration systems such as evaporator, absorber, expeller and condenser are heat exchangers, all of which transport between media heat. These heat exchangers are responsible for 50% of the costs and 75% of the volume of the refrigeration system.
In dem Dokument WO 2007/006289 Al ist eine das Funktionsprinzip einer als Absorptions- kälteanlage ausgeführten Wärmepumpe offenbart. Anhand eines schematischen Schaltbildes wird dort die Arbeitsweise der Wärmepumpe, die mehrere Wärmetauscherkomponenten aufweist, im Einzelnen erläutert. Wärmetauscherkomponenten werden bei der realen Konstruktion für eine Anlage dann auch zu Wärmetauschereinheiten zusammengefasst, die eine Ver- dampfereinrichtung, die konfiguriert ist, ein Wärmetauscherbetriebs- oder Wärmetauscherarbeitsmittel zu verdampfen, und eine Verflüssigereinrichtung aufweisen, die konfiguriert ist, das Wärmetauscherbetriebs- oder Wärmetauscherarbeitsmittel mittel zu verflüssigen. Bekannte Bau- und Konstruktionsarten für Wärmetauschereinheiten sehen eine ausgesprochene räumliche Trennung der Funktionseinheiten vor, die gegebenenfalls in einer gemeinsamen Hülle oder einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet sind. Bei den bekannten Wärmetauschereinheiten sind die Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung nebeneinander angeordnet. Eine Ausführung hiervon ist die so genannte Hamsterbacken-Konstruktion, bei der eine Verdampfereinrichtung zwischen zwei Teilverflüssigereinrichtungen angeordnet ist und der Gesamtaufbau in ein rohrförmiges Gehäuse integriert ist. Bekannte Einheiten von Wärmetauscherkomponenten verfügen über einen Tropfabscheider oder Dampfjalousien, um Flüssigkeitsspritzer den Übergang zu anderen Wärmetauschereinheiten zu erschweren oder dieses vollständig zu unterbinden.The document WO 2007/006289 A1 discloses a functional principle of a heat pump designed as an absorption refrigeration system. Based on a schematic diagram, the operation of the heat pump, which has a plurality of heat exchanger components, is explained in detail there. Heat exchanger components in the real construction of a plant are then also combined into heat exchanger units, which A steam generator configured to vaporize a heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working fluid and having a condenser configured to fluidly liquefy the heat exchanger operating or heat exchanger working fluid. Known construction and construction types for heat exchanger units provide a pronounced spatial separation of the functional units, which are optionally arranged in a common shell or a common housing. In the known heat exchanger units, the evaporator device and condenser device are arranged side by side. One embodiment of this is the so-called hamster baking construction, in which an evaporator device is arranged between two partial condenser devices and the overall structure is integrated in a tubular housing. Known units of heat exchanger components have a drip separator or steam jalousies to make it difficult for liquid splashes to make the transition to other heat exchanger units or to completely prevent this.
Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es eine Wärmetauschereinheit mit einem verbesserten konstruktiven Aufbau zu schaffen, der den flexiblen Einsatz der Wärmetauschereinheit in Anwendungen mit unterschiedlichen Anforderungen unterstützt.The object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger unit with an improved structural design, which supports the flexible use of the heat exchanger unit in applications with different requirements.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Wärmetauschereinheit nach dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Weiterhin ist eine wärmetechnische Anlage, insbesondere Kälteanlage, nach dem unabhängigen Anspruch 10 geschaffen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von abhängigen Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by a heat exchanger unit according to the independent claim 1. Furthermore, a heat engineering system, in particular refrigeration system, created according to the independent claim 10. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent subclaims.
Nach einem Aspekt der Erfindung ist eine Wärmetauschereinheit mit einer Verdampfereinrichtung, die konfiguriert ist, ein Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittel zu verdampfen, und einer Verflüssigungseinrichtung geschaffen, die konfiguriert ist, das Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittel zu verflüssigen, wobei die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung für ein über- strömendes Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittels in Fluidverbindung stehen und zueinander in einer stirnseitigen Konfiguration angeordnet sind. Nach einem weiteren Aspekt ist eine Wärmepumpe, insbesondere Kälteanlage, mit mehreren Wärmetauschereinheiten geschaffen, die einem modularen Aufbau entsprechend zusammengesetzt sind.According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a heat exchanger unit having an evaporator means configured to evaporate a heat exchange medium and a liquefaction means configured to liquefy the heat exchanger medium, the evaporator means and the condenser means for overflowing heat exchange means being in fluid communication and are arranged to each other in a frontal configuration. According to another aspect, a heat pump, in particular a refrigeration system, is provided with a plurality of heat exchanger units, which are assembled according to a modular structure.
Wärmeübertrager bekannter Art wurden bisher individuell und unabhängig voneinander an die erforderlichen Leistungen angepasst. Die mit der Erfindung neu geschaffene Einheit besteht aus einem oder mehreren Paaren aus Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung, welche eine thermodynamische und prozesstechnische Einheit bilden. Diese thermody- namische Einheit ist insbesondere dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl die Länge des Dampfweges als auch der spezifische Dampfmassenstrom unabhängig von der absoluten Leistung bzw. Kapazität der gesamten Wärmeübertragereinheit. Das einmal optimierte Verhältnis der Kapazitäten der Wärmeübertrager untereinander, welche eine übergeordnete Einheit bilden, bleibt selbst bei Skalierungen der Leistung erhalten.Heat exchangers known type have been adjusted individually and independently of each other to the required services. The newly created with the invention unit consists of one or more pairs of evaporator device and condenser, which form a thermodynamic and process engineering unit. This thermodynamic unit is characterized in particular in that both the length of the steam path and the specific steam mass flow are independent of the absolute power or capacity of the entire heat exchanger unit. The once optimized ratio of the capacities of the heat exchangers among themselves, which form a higher-level unit, is maintained even with scaling of the power.
Es können modulartige Wärmetauschereinheiten hergestellt werden, die in einer Gesamtanlage zusammensetzbar sind, wodurch eine verbesserte Skalierbarkeit von wärmetechnischen Anlagen oder Wärmepumpen, insbesondere Kälteanlagen und Entsalzungsanlagen, ermöglicht ist. Die stirnseitige Konfiguration ermöglicht darüber hinaus einen konstruktiven Aufbau mit optimierter Raumausnutzung und trägt entscheidend zur thermischen Trennung der unterschiedlichen Funktionseinheiten, Dampferzeuger und Verflüssiger bei, wodurch trotz räumlicher Optimierung die thermischen Verluste minimiert werden.Modular heat exchanger units can be produced which can be assembled in an overall plant, thereby enabling improved scalability of thermal plants or heat pumps, in particular refrigerating plants and desalination plants. In addition, the frontal configuration allows a design with optimized space utilization and contributes significantly to the thermal separation of the different functional units, steam generator and condenser, which despite thermal optimization, the thermal losses are minimized.
Bei der Verdampfereinrichtung kann es sich zum Beispiel um einen Generator oder einenm Verdampfer handeln. Die Verflüssigereinrichtung ist beispielsweise als ein Absorber oder ein Kondensator ausgeführt. Die stirnseitige Anordnung von Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung fuhrt im Vergleich zu bekannten Wärmetauschereinheiten zu einem veränderten Dampfströmungsverhalten zwischen den Einrichtungen, was eine Art Wellenbildung impliziert, wodurch ein erhöhter Wärme- und Stoffübergang erreicht ist. Die leistungsbezoge- ne Wärmetauscherfläche ist verringert.The evaporator device may be, for example, a generator or an evaporator. The condenser device is designed, for example, as an absorber or a condenser. The frontal arrangement of evaporator and condenser leads compared to known heat exchanger units to a changed vapor flow behavior between the devices, which implies a kind of wave formation, whereby an increased heat and mass transfer is achieved. The performance-related heat exchanger surface is reduced.
Die mit der Erfindung erreichte Skalierbarkeit ermöglicht es, wärmetechnische Anlagen, insbesondere Kälteanlagen, hinsichtlich der Anlagengröße und -leistung für unterschiedliche Anwendungen individuell anzupassen. Insbesondere ist eine kompakte Bauform ermöglicht, um in kleine Leistungsbereiche vorzustoßen, die für bekannte Bauarten des möglichen Zusammenbaus von Wärmetauscherkomponenten wegen schlechter Leistungsdichte und großem Platzbedarf unattraktiv waren.The scalability achieved with the invention makes it possible to individually adapt thermal systems, in particular refrigeration systems, with regard to system size and performance for different applications. In particular, a compact design is possible, to advance into small power ranges that were unattractive to known designs of possible assembly of heat exchanger components due to poor power density and large footprint.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung einander stirnseitig gegenüberstehend angeordnet sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform sind Stirnflächen der Verdampferreinrichtung und der Verflüssigereinrichtung einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet, sei es in einem Abstand voneinander oder im Wesentlichen aufeinander liegend.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the evaporator device and the condenser are arranged opposite one another frontally. In this embodiment, end surfaces of the evaporator device and the condenser device are arranged opposite one another, be it at a distance from each other or lying substantially one on top of the other.
Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung wenigstens abschnittsweise stirnseitig ineinandergreifend angeordnet sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsform greifen Leitungsabschnitte von Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung abschnittsweise ineinander, wobei eine hierdurch gebildete Überlappung vorzugsweise größer oder kleiner als die halbe Längserstreckung der jeweiligen Rohrleitungen ist.In an expedient embodiment of the invention can be provided that the evaporator device and the condenser are at least partially arranged end-to-end interlocking. In this embodiment, line sections of evaporator device and condenser device engage in sections into one another, whereby an overlap formed thereby is preferably greater or smaller than half the longitudinal extension of the respective pipelines.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausfuhrungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass Rohrleitungen der Verdampfereinrichtung und Rohrleitungen der Verflüssigereinrichtung alternierend ineinandergreifen. Abwechselnd sind eine Rohrleitung der Verdampfereinrichtung und eine Rohrleitung der Verflüssigereinrichtung angeordnet.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that piping of the evaporator device and pipes of the condenser device intermesh alternately. Alternately, a pipe of the evaporator and a pipe of the condenser are arranged.
Bevorzugt sieht eine Fortbildung der Erfindung vor, dass eine der Verflüssigereinrichtung zugewandte Stirnfläche der Verdampfereinrichtung im Wesentlichen vollständig überlappend mit einer der Verdampfereinrichtung zugewandten Stirnfläche der Verflüssigereinrichtung angeordnet ist und / oder umgekehrt. In einer Ausfuhrungsform sind die stirnseitigen Flächen also im Wesentlichen deckungsgleich angeordnet.Preferably, a development of the invention provides that an end face of the evaporator device facing the condenser device is arranged substantially completely overlapping with an end face of the condenser device facing the evaporator device and / or vice versa. In one embodiment, the frontal surfaces are thus arranged substantially congruent.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht eine tropfabscheiderfreie Ausbildung vor. Im Unterschied zu bekannten Wärmetauschereinheiten können Aufwand und Vorkehrungen für einen Tropfenabscheider eingespart werden. Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht eine dampfsperrenfreie und / oder eine tropfensper- renfreie Ausbildung vor. Hierdurch ist eine weitergehende Vereinfachung gebildet, die einen material- und kostensparenden Aufbau unterstützt.An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides a tropfabscheiderfreie training. In contrast to known heat exchanger units, effort and precautions for a mist eliminator can be saved. A further development of the invention provides for a vapor barrier-free and / or a droplet barrier-free design. As a result, a further simplification is formed, which supports a material and cost-saving construction.
Eine bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht einen Modulaufbau vor. Das vorgesehen Konstruktionsprinzip hinsichtlich der Anordnung von Verdampfereinrichtung und Verflüssigereinrichtung ermöglicht es in einer Ausführungsform, in dem jeweiligen Modul eigenständige Strömungseigenschaften für das Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittel auszubilden, die sich im Wesentlichen auch nicht ändern, wenn mehrere als Modul aufgebaute Wärmetauschereinhei- ten zusammengesetzt werden in einer Anlage.A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a module structure. The design principle provided with regard to the arrangement of the evaporator device and condenser device makes it possible, in one embodiment, to form independent flow characteristics for the heat exchanger operating medium in the respective module, which essentially do not change when a plurality of heat exchanger units constructed as a module are assembled in one system.
Bei einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung in einem thermischen Verdichter gebildet sind. Beispielsweise ist der thermische Verdichter in eine Kälteanlage integriert.In an expedient embodiment of the invention it can be provided that the evaporator device and the condenser device are formed in a thermal compressor. For example, the thermal compressor is integrated in a refrigeration system.
Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele der ErfindungDescription of preferred embodiments of the invention
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf Fig. einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen: Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung einer wärmetechnischen Anlage mit vier Wärmetauscherkomponenten,The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to FIG. A drawing. 1 is a perspective view of a thermal plant with four heat exchanger components,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung und Verdampfereinrichtung, bei der Stirnflächen einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung und Verdampfereinrichtung, bei der Stirnflächen ebenfalls einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, und2 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device and evaporator device, in which end faces are arranged opposite one another, FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device and evaporator device, in which end faces are likewise arranged opposite one another, and
Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung und Verdampfereinrichtung in stirnseitiger Konfiguration, wobei die Verdamp- fereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung teilweise ineinander liegend angeordnet sind. Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Darstellung einer wärmetechnischen Anlage mit einer Wärmetauschereinheit 10, die mit einem Dampferzeuger 11 und einem Verflüssiger 12 gebildet ist. Der Dampferzeuger 11 und der Verflüssiger 12 verfügen jeweils über zugeordnete Rohrleitungen 13, 14. Auf der Wärmetauschereinheit 10 ist eine weitere Wärmetauschereinheit 20 angeordnet, die mit einem Verflüssiger 21 und einem Dampferzeuger 22 gebildet ist. Die beiden Wärmetauschereinheiten 10, 20 bilden eine Kälteanlage.4 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with a condenser device and evaporator device in an end-side configuration, wherein the evaporator device and the condenser device are partially arranged one inside the other. 1 shows a perspective view of a thermal installation with a heat exchanger unit 10, which is formed with a steam generator 11 and a condenser 12. The steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 each have associated pipes 13, 14. On the heat exchanger unit 10, a further heat exchanger unit 20 is arranged, which is formed with a condenser 21 and a steam generator 22. The two heat exchanger units 10, 20 form a refrigeration system.
Der Dampferzeuger 11 und der Verflüssiger 12 sind in einer stirnseitigen Konfiguration oder Anordnung positioniert, wobei Stirnflächen einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind. Ein gleicher konstruktiver Aufbau ist für die weitere Wärmetauschereinheit 20 mit dem Verflüssiger 21 und den Dampferzeuger 22 vorgesehen.The steam generator 11 and the condenser 12 are positioned in a frontal configuration or arrangement with end faces disposed opposite one another. An identical structural design is provided for the further heat exchanger unit 20 with the condenser 21 and the steam generator 22.
Im Betrieb der Kälteanlage strömt verdampftes Betriebsmittel, welches auch als Arbeitsfluid bezeichnet wird, von dem Dampferzeuger 11 zu dem Verflüssiger 12, um dort wenigstens teilweise zu kondensieren. Das flüssige Kondensat wird dann dem Dampferzeuger 22 überführt, um dort zu verdampfen und anschließend als Dampf zum Verflüssiger 21 überzuströmen, wo erneut eine Kondensation stattfindet. Die hierbei erzeugte Flüssigkeit wird dann wieder dem Dampferzeuger 11 zugeführt.During operation of the refrigeration system, vaporized operating medium, which is also referred to as working fluid, flows from the steam generator 11 to the condenser 12 in order to at least partially condense there. The liquid condensate is then transferred to the steam generator 22 to evaporate there and then flow as a vapor to the condenser 21, where condensation takes place again. The liquid produced in this case is then returned to the steam generator 11.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung 30 und Verdampfereinrichtung 31 bei der Stirnflächen 32, 33 einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind.FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 30 and evaporator device 31 in which end faces 32, 33 are arranged opposite one another.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigerein- richtung 40 und Verdampfereinrichtung 41, bei der Stirnflächen 42, 43 ebenfalls einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind.3 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 40 and evaporator device 41, in which end faces 42, 43 are likewise arranged opposite one another.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Wärmetauschereinheit mit Verflüssigereinrichtung 50 und Verdampfereinrichtung 51 in stirnseitiger Konfiguration, wobei die Ver- dampfereinrichtung 50 und die Verflüssigereinrichtung 51 teilweise ineinander greifend angeordnet sind, so dass ein Überlappungsbereich 52 geschaffen ist. Bei der jeweiligen Verdampfereinrichtung (Dampferzeuger) kann es sich um einen Verdampfer, einen Desorber oder einen Generator handeln. Die jeweilige Verflüssigereinrichtung (Verflüssiger) ist bevorzugt als Absorber oder Kondensator ausgeführt.FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a heat exchanger unit with condenser device 50 and evaporator device 51 in an end-side configuration, wherein the evaporator device 50 and the condenser device 51 are arranged partially interlocking, so that an overlap region 52 is created. The respective evaporator device (steam generator) may be an evaporator, a desorber or a generator. The respective condenser device (condenser) is preferably designed as an absorber or a condenser.
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, den Ansprüchen und der Zeichnung offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungen von Bedeutung sein. The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, the claims and the drawings may be of importance both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Wärmetauschereinheit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) mit einer Verdampfereinrichtung, die konfiguriert ist, ein Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittel zu verdampfen, und einer Verflüssigereinrich- tung, die konfiguriert ist, das Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittel zu verflüssigen, wobei dieA heat exchanger unit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) having an evaporator device configured to evaporate a heat exchange medium and a condenser configured to liquefy the heat exchanger medium;
Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung für ein Überströmen des Wärmetauscherbetriebsmittels in Fluidverbindung stehen und zueinander in einer stirnseitigen Konfiguration angeordnet sind.Evaporator and the condenser for overflowing the heat exchanger operating fluidly connected and are arranged to each other in a frontal configuration.
2. Wärmetauschereinheit (10; 20; 30; 40) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung einander stirnseitig gegenüberstehend angeordnet sind.Second heat exchanger unit (10; 20; 30; 40) according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator device and the condenser are arranged frontally opposite each other.
3. Wärmetauschereinheit (50) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung (51) und die Verflüssigereinrichtung (50) wenigstens abschnittsweise stirnseitig ineinandergreifend angeordnet sind.3. Heat exchanger unit (50) according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaporator device (51) and the condenser (50) are arranged at least partially interlocking end face.
4. Wärmetauschereinheit (50) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Rohrleitungen der Verdampfereinrichtung (51) und Rohrleitungen der Verflüssigereinrichtung (50) alternierend ineinandergreifen.4. heat exchanger unit (50) according to claim 3, characterized in that piping of the evaporator device (51) and piping of the condenser (50) alternately mesh.
5. Wärmetauschereinheit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine der Verflüssigereinrichtung zugewandte Stirnfläche der Verdampfereinrichtung im Wesentlichen vollständig überlappend mit einer der Verdampfereinrichtung zugewandten Stirnfläche der Verflüssigereinrichtung angeordnet ist und / oder umgekehrt.5. The heat exchanger unit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) according to claim 1, wherein an end face of the evaporator device facing the condenser device is arranged substantially completely overlapping with an end face of the condenser device facing the evaporator device and / or vice versa ,
6. Wärmetauschereinheit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine tropfabscheiderfreie Ausbildung.6. Heat exchanger unit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a drip separator-free design.
7. Wärmetauschereinheit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine dampfsperrenfreie und / oder eine tropfen- sperrenfreie Ausbildung. 7. Heat exchanger unit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a vapor barrier-free and / or a drip-barrier-free design.
8. Wärmetauschereinheit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Modulaufbau.8. Heat exchanger unit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a module structure.
9. Wärmetauschereinheit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) nach mindestens einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verdampfereinrichtung und die Verflüssigereinrichtung in einem thermischen Verdichter gebildet sind.9. Heat exchanger unit (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the evaporator device and the condenser device are formed in a thermal compressor.
10. Wärmetechnische Anlage, insbesondere Kälteanlage, mit mehreren Wärmetauscherein- heiten (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, die einem mo- dularen Aufbau entsprechend zusammengesetzt sind. 10. Thermal installation, in particular a refrigeration system, with a plurality of heat exchanger units (10; 20; 30; 40; 50) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, which are assembled in accordance with a modular structure.
EP10719231.2A 2009-03-20 2010-03-19 Heat exchanger unit and thermotechnical system Active EP2409103B1 (en)

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