EP2408079A2 - Verfahren und System zum Energiequalitätsschutz - Google Patents

Verfahren und System zum Energiequalitätsschutz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2408079A2
EP2408079A2 EP11172275A EP11172275A EP2408079A2 EP 2408079 A2 EP2408079 A2 EP 2408079A2 EP 11172275 A EP11172275 A EP 11172275A EP 11172275 A EP11172275 A EP 11172275A EP 2408079 A2 EP2408079 A2 EP 2408079A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power quality
power
voltage
current
protection system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11172275A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2408079A3 (de
Inventor
Eugeni Ganev
Cuong Nguyen
William Warr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell International Inc
Original Assignee
Honeywell International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Honeywell International Inc filed Critical Honeywell International Inc
Publication of EP2408079A2 publication Critical patent/EP2408079A2/de
Publication of EP2408079A3 publication Critical patent/EP2408079A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/50—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the appearance of abnormal wave forms, e.g. ac in dc installations
    • H02H3/52—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the appearance of abnormal wave forms, e.g. ac in dc installations responsive to the appearance of harmonics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0811—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for dc motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power electronics and, more particularly, to methods and systems for electric power quality protection.
  • Power quality plays a significant role in the modern aerospace/military industry. This is particularly true in the area of more electric architecture (MEA) for aircraft and spacecraft.
  • MEA electric architecture
  • the commercial aircraft business is moving toward having electrical no-bleed-air environmental control systems (ECS), electrical variable-frequency (VF) power distribution systems, and electrical actuation.
  • ECS electrical no-bleed-air environmental control systems
  • VF electrical variable-frequency
  • a typical example is the present Boeing 787 platform.
  • the Airbus A350 airplane will incorporate a large number of MEA elements.
  • the next-generation Boeing airplane replacement for the 737
  • the next-generation Airbus airplane replacement for the A320
  • Some military aircraft already utilize MEA for primary and secondary flight control, among other functions.
  • Future space vehicles will require electric-power-generation systems for thrust vector and flight control actuation. These systems must be more robust and offer greatly reduced operating costs and safety compared with many of the existing Space Shuttle power systems.
  • a typical aircraft electric power system consists of a main power source, an emergency power source, power conversion equipment, control/protection equipment, and an interconnect network (i.e. wires, cables and connectors).
  • the main power source comprises the main generators, driven by the aircraft propulsion engines.
  • Emergency power is extracted from aircraft batteries, aircraft independent auxiliary power units (APUs), and aircraft ram air or hydraulically driven generators.
  • Power quality requirements for AC electrical equipment consist of a large number of parameters. Some of these parameters include current distortion, inrush current, voltage distortion, voltage modulation, power factor, phase balance and DC content.
  • Current distortion composed of AC harmonics, is the key design driver for electrical equipment.
  • the requirements for current harmonics, subharmonics, and interharmonics specify the allowable distortion as a function of multiples of the fundamental frequency of the equipment input voltage.
  • a typical AC current harmonic includes all odd harmonics up to 39, with limits ranging from 10 to 0.25 percent of the maximum current fundamental.
  • the current distortion requirement is a key design driver since it usually significantly impacts the equipment weight.
  • Current distortion also is specified as a function of the equipment-rated power because higher power equipment has more influence on the power bus. Widely used specifications for power quality are MIL-STD-704-A to F, Airbus ABD0100, and Boeing TBD.
  • Power quality is a major concern for MEA aircraft because a large number of electric power systems and equipment are installed on the same electrical bus. The power quality of these systems and equipment has stringent requirements to ensure that all power supplies/utilization equipment function properly together.
  • the power utilization equipment does not have power quality protection, or it is limited to over-voltage and under-voltage protections only.
  • a single equipment failure may propagate and create bus power quality non-compliance, leading to potential additional failures.
  • a single power source failure could fail to isolate power quality deficiencies and may damage utilization equipment or other power sources.
  • a single utilization equipment failure may create non-compliant power quality bus and lead to other utilization equipment failure and/or power source failure.
  • Utilization equipment can experience a destructive failure due to its own power quality non-compliance, and utilization equipment may fail regardless of the source of the power quality non-compliance on the bus.
  • a power quality protection system comprises an input for an AC power signal; circuit breakers on each leg of the AC power signal; a plurality of sensors for measuring electrical and non-electrical parameters; and control and processing logic programmed with code for calculating additional electrical and non-electrical parameters, comparing the values of the calculated parameters with maximum allow values, and activating a protection mechanism.
  • a power quality protection method comprises measuring electrical and non-electrical parameters of an electric drive system; calculating additional electrical and non-electrical parameters; comparing the values of the calculated parameters with maximum allowed values; and activating a protection mechanism for transitioning to a safe mode or for isolation of the electric drive system from a power bus.
  • a digital processor-readable medium containing programmable code for implementing a method comprises sensing electrical and non-electrical parameters of an electric drive system; calculating additional electrical and non-electrical parameters; comparing the values of the calculated parameters with maximum allowed values; and activating a protection mechanism for transitioning to a safe mode or for isolation of the electric drive system from a power bus, wherein at least one of the calculated parameters include high-frequency harmonics.
  • Figure 1 is block diagram of a power quality protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is flow chart identifying the sequence of events during a method of power quality protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • inventions of the present invention provide a system and method for power quality protection.
  • the method for power quality protection may include measurement of electrical and nonelectrical parameters, calculation of additional electrical and nonelectrical parameters, comparison of the value of the calculated parameters with maximum allowed values from a power quality perspective, and activation of protection mechanisms for transitioning to a safe mode or for isolation from the bus.
  • the systems and methods of the present invention may prevent equipment failures when out of spec power quality is present in the distribution bus and may protect the distribution bus from imposing power quality problems due to equipment failures. Because most of the sensors in the systems of the present invention are already used for other control and protection purposes, there may be no reliability degradation. Most of the calculations and the control logic may be performed digitally for improved reliability and flexibility to modify algorithms.
  • the power quality protection algorithm may include measurement of electrical and nonelectrical parameters (data acquisition); calculation of additional electrical and nonelectrical parameters (data processing); comparison of the value of the calculated parameters with maximum allowed values from a power quality perspective (fault detection logic); and activation of a protection mechanism for transitioning to a safe mode or isolation from the bus (fault detection logic and fault isolation logic).
  • FIG. 1 shows an example block diagram of an electric drive system 10.
  • An input power signal 12 may be, for example, a three-phase AC power signal.
  • Various sensors 14 may be used on the input power signal 12 and power signal output from the power topology components 16. These sensors 14 may detect, for example, AC input voltage, AC input current, impedance, resistance, autotransformer rectifier units (ATRU) output current, DC link voltage, and DC link current.
  • Temperature sensors 18 may be used for measuring temperature of various components.
  • Circuit breakers 19 may be employed on the input power signal 12 to interrupt current in any or all of the legs of the input power signal 12. In some embodiments, the circuit breakers 19 may be remote controlled.
  • a control logic 17 may receive the measured parameters from the sensors 14 and may control the circuit breakers 19.
  • Detecting component failures may give an indication of increased harmonics content and may activate the protection provisions. Certain failures of components may not be easily detectable. Therefore, over-temperature detection may be used as well. Temperature sensors are typically slower compared to current and voltage sensors, which will increase the response time.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart which identifies the sequence of events performed in a power quality protection method 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • data acquisition may take place. This data acquisition may be continuous and may monitor various parameters such as AC input voltage, AC input current, ATRU output current, DC link voltage, DC link current and various temperatures (such as motor controller temperatures).
  • data processing may take place. This data processing may include calculating peak voltage and current, calculating RMS voltage and current, calculating voltage and current harmonic content and calculating temperatures (when not directly measured by the data acquisition step).
  • fault detection logic may use the measured and processed data to detect one or more of the following faults: over voltage, under voltage, loss of phase, voltage unbalance, voltage sensing bite, over current, current unbalance, current sensors bits, ground fault, over temperature, temperature sensor bite, and harmonic compliance. These faults are described in greater detail in Table 1.
  • step 28 once a fault is detected in step 26, the fault may be isolated. This step may include detection of a system fault, detection of a hardware fault (such as motor controller hardware), and fault reporting.
  • logic may be included to accommodate the fault. This may include residual current circuit breaker (RCCB) control, power level management, fault recovery, and retry strategies.
  • RRCB residual current circuit breaker
  • the power quality protection method for this electrical controller uses 3-phase input voltage measurements, 3- phase input current measurements, one sum of a 3-phase current measurement, a DC bus voltage measurement, and various temperature measurements.
  • LOSS OF PHASE DETECTION The input RMS input current and the dc link ripple will be used to determine loss of phase.
  • the dc voltage ripple is about 210-V pk-pk
  • the input current is unbalanced and high
  • the ac input voltages show unbalance. Reducing the load to "standby" levels significantly reduces ripple and ac current unbalance.
  • VOLTAGE UNBALANCE DETECTION The three RMS phase voltages are compared to determine the voltage unbalance condition. The dc link ripple voltage can also be used for this detection.
  • the hardware time delay is used to prevent a false trip due to transformer inrush current.
  • the ac input currents are >800 A.
  • the ac input currents are >800 A with a dc offset.
  • the ac input currents are >80 Arms and unbalanced; also, the dc voltage ripple is about 210 V pk-pk.
  • CURRENT UNBALANCE The three RMS phase currents are compared to determine the current unbalance condition. The dc link ripple is also high during this condition. For an open rectifier diode, the dc voltage ripple is about 90 V pk-pk.
  • ac input current unbalance is caused. Reducing the load to "standby" levels significantly reduces the dc ripple and ac current unbalance. For an open secondary winding, the dc voltage ripple is about 110 V pk-pk. Some ac input current unbalance is caused.
  • CURRENT SENSOR BITE During the RCCB opened state, the input current measurements are checked to ensure that the voltage sensors work properly. In the case of an offset error, the software can use the data to calibrate the sensors.
  • GROUND FAULT DETECTION The instantaneous sum of these input phase currents is measured to detect a ground fault. A hardware time delay is used to prevent a false trip due to the ground-plane fluctuation test. 10.
  • OVER-TEMPERATURE DETECTION The temperature measurement can be used to detect excessive power loss in the controller due to a failure condition. 11.
  • TEMPERATURE SENSOR BITE Both high and low temperature signals are checked to detect a short circuit or open circuit for the sensor and the wiring.
  • the methods and systems for power quality protection may yield several advantages over conventional systems.
  • Self Protection The systems and methods may prevent equipment failures when out-of-specification power quality is present in the distribution bus.
  • System Protection The systems and methods may protect the distribution bus from exhibiting power quality problems due to equipment failures.
  • Most of the sensors in the electrical equipment are already used for other control and protection purposes. Therefore, there is no reliability degradation. Most of the electrical equipment calculations and the control are performed digitally for flexibility to modify algorithms and improve reliability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
EP11172275.7A 2010-07-16 2011-06-30 Verfahren und System zum Energiequalitätsschutz Withdrawn EP2408079A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36523610P 2010-07-16 2010-07-16
US12/985,120 US8688283B2 (en) 2010-07-16 2011-01-05 Method and system for power quality protection

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2408079A2 true EP2408079A2 (de) 2012-01-18
EP2408079A3 EP2408079A3 (de) 2017-05-17

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EP11172275.7A Withdrawn EP2408079A3 (de) 2010-07-16 2011-06-30 Verfahren und System zum Energiequalitätsschutz

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US (1) US8688283B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2408079A3 (de)
CN (1) CN102340130B (de)

Cited By (4)

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EP2626995A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Schutz eines Frequenzumrichters bei unsymmetrischen elektrischen Leistungsflüssen
CN109980644A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-07-05 中铁电气化局集团有限公司 用于电气化铁路牵引变电所所用电源的谐波抑制系统
US10823772B2 (en) 2016-08-16 2020-11-03 Kohler Co. Generator waveform measurement
CN114062824A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-18 河北新大长远电力科技股份有限公司 一种基于配电室的电能质量监测方法和装置

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CN112924798B (zh) * 2021-02-08 2022-11-08 北京中电普华信息技术有限公司 一种电能质量监测方法、装置及电子设备
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2626995A1 (de) * 2012-02-13 2013-08-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Schutz eines Frequenzumrichters bei unsymmetrischen elektrischen Leistungsflüssen
US10823772B2 (en) 2016-08-16 2020-11-03 Kohler Co. Generator waveform measurement
CN109980644A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-07-05 中铁电气化局集团有限公司 用于电气化铁路牵引变电所所用电源的谐波抑制系统
CN114062824A (zh) * 2021-11-19 2022-02-18 河北新大长远电力科技股份有限公司 一种基于配电室的电能质量监测方法和装置
CN114062824B (zh) * 2021-11-19 2023-12-26 河北新大长远电力科技股份有限公司 一种基于配电室的电能质量监测方法和装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US8688283B2 (en) 2014-04-01
EP2408079A3 (de) 2017-05-17
CN102340130B (zh) 2015-12-16
US20120016531A1 (en) 2012-01-19
CN102340130A (zh) 2012-02-01

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