EP2398129B1 - A generator, in particular for a wind turbine - Google Patents

A generator, in particular for a wind turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2398129B1
EP2398129B1 EP10166309A EP10166309A EP2398129B1 EP 2398129 B1 EP2398129 B1 EP 2398129B1 EP 10166309 A EP10166309 A EP 10166309A EP 10166309 A EP10166309 A EP 10166309A EP 2398129 B1 EP2398129 B1 EP 2398129B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
cooling pipe
sections
generator according
generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10166309A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2398129A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Le Besnerais
Mohammad Kimiabeigi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP10166309A priority Critical patent/EP2398129B1/en
Priority to DK10166309.4T priority patent/DK2398129T3/en
Priority to US13/153,522 priority patent/US8896165B2/en
Priority to CA2743344A priority patent/CA2743344A1/en
Priority to CN201110164009.2A priority patent/CN102290886B/en
Publication of EP2398129A1 publication Critical patent/EP2398129A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2398129B1 publication Critical patent/EP2398129B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a generator, in particular for a wind turbine, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Wind turbines are provided with a rotor shaft which is part of an electrical generator producing electricity during a movement of the rotor relative to the stator of the generator.
  • the stator comprises a number of coils or windings
  • the rotor comprises a number of permanent magnets so that an electric voltage is induced when the rotor is turned.
  • a generator according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP 1 257 037 A1 .
  • the generator comprises a cooling pipe which is formed as a meander in order to enable an optimum cooling of stator windings.
  • DE 25 15 340 A1 discloses a stator with slots for windings and a cooling pipe arranged within such a slot contacting a winding.
  • the cooling means is formed as a cooling pipe arranged beneath the slots of the stator the second sections of the cooling pipe are arranged next to finger plates; and a spacer is provided radially above the bent second section between a finger plate and a stator stack.
  • the present invention is based on the idea that the flux density is non-uniformly distributed in the stator laminations, yoke and teeth. As a result it has been found out that the areas of the stator beneath the slots can be used for cooling pipes in order to obtain a very efficient generator.
  • the stator slot can comprise a cavity in which the cooling pipe is accommodated.
  • the cooling pipe is accommodated in a cavity the size and shape of the stator and of stator coils is basically unaffected so that the generator can be operated very efficiently.
  • the cavity can have a substantially semi-circular or rectangular or triangular cross-section. All these different shapes of the cavity are appropriate for accommodating a cooling pipe.
  • the outer shape of the cooling pipe is adapted to the shape of the cavity.
  • the cooling pipe of the inventive generator is directly in contact with the windings of the stator coils. Due to the direct contact generated heat can be removed efficiently.
  • the cooling pipe is formed as a meander, comprising first sections beneath the stator slots and bent second sections connected to the first sections.
  • the cooling liquid can pass multiple stator slots.
  • the second sections can be bent radially, preferably perpendicular to the first sections. It is advantageous that the bent second sections are accessible for service.
  • the second sections of the cooling pipe are arranged in radial ducts of the stator.
  • the second sections of the cooling pipes are arranged next to finger plates without increasing the size of the generator.
  • the cooling pipe can be configured to cover one or more phases of the stator windings. Depending on the necessary amount of energy dissipation the cooling pipe can cover one, two or all three phases of the stator windings.
  • the cooling pipe of the inventive generator can be configured to cover one or more stator slots in order to provide an efficient cooling for stator windings.
  • the cooling pipe of the inventive generator can be configured to cover one or more stator slots in order to provide an efficient cooling for stator windings.
  • only every other slot is covered by a cooling pipe.
  • the cooling of the inventive generator is made out of plastics or metal.
  • the cooling pipe can be made out of copper or stainless steel.
  • an insulation can be provided between the cooling pipe and a stator lamination.
  • the cooling pipe of the inventive generator may contain a liquid coolant, preferably a coolant containing water or oil.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a generator 1 for a wind turbine.
  • the generator 1 comprises a stator 2 and a rotor 3.
  • the stationary stator 2 is usually incorporated in a nacelle which is positioned on top of a tower of the wind turbine.
  • Rotor blades are fixed to the rotor 3, which is rotatably movable around the stator 2.
  • Permanent magnets 4 are arranged in circumferential direction at the inner surface of rotor 3.
  • the stator 2 comprises a stator yoke 5 and a number of parallel teeth 6 extending from the outer surface of the stator yoke 5.
  • the teeth 6 are arranged with a certain distance from each other, a gap or slot 7 is provided for stator windings, which are not shown in Fig. 1 .
  • a gap or slot 7 is provided for stator windings, which are not shown in Fig. 1 .
  • cooling pipes 8 are provided beneath the slots 7.
  • a coolant like water, oil or a coolant comprising water or oil flows through the cooling pipe 8 effectively removing the heat.
  • the cooling pipe 8 has a semi-circular cross-section.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a stator 9 which in general has the same structure as stator 2 of Fig. 1 . However, in contrast to the first embodiment beneath the teeth 6 of stator 9 a cooling pipe 10 with a rectangular cross-section is provided.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a stator 11 which is provided with a cooling pipe 12 with a triangular cross-section.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective drawing of a cooling pipe.
  • the cooling pipe 8 comprises first sections 13 which in the installed state are disposed beneath stator slots.
  • the cooling pipe 8 comprises bent second sections 14, which are bent perpendicular with regard to the first sections 13.
  • Connections 20 are used for coupling first sections 13 and second sections 14.
  • the cooling pipe 8 is formed as a meander so that it passes plural stator slots in circumferential direction. Further the cooling pipe 8 comprises an inlet 15 and an outlet 16.
  • the cooling pipes are first inserted in the cavities of the stator prior to the mantling of the windings.
  • the fact that the cooling pipe comprises first sections and bent second sections simplifies the serviceability by having easier access to them.
  • Fig. 5 shows an axial sectional view of the stator of the generator of Fig. 1 .
  • the first section 13 of cooling pipe 8 directly contacts the stator stack so that generator teeth can be cooled directly.
  • the bent sections 14 of the cooling pipe 8 contact finger plates 18 which are provided on both sides of the stator. End windings 19 are protruding from both sides of the stator stack 17. Between the stator stack 17 and the finger plates 18 spacer 21 are inserted.
  • the connections of sections of the cooling pipe 8 are accessible.
  • the cooling pipe 8 is configured to cover all three phases and all slots of the stator. In other embodiments only one phase or only every other pole may be covered based on the cooling need and manufacturing simplicity and costs.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Description

  • The present invention relates to a generator, in particular for a wind turbine, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Wind turbines are provided with a rotor shaft which is part of an electrical generator producing electricity during a movement of the rotor relative to the stator of the generator. The stator comprises a number of coils or windings, the rotor comprises a number of permanent magnets so that an electric voltage is induced when the rotor is turned.
  • During rotation of the rotor a certain amount of heat is generated in the stator. For conventional wind turbines different cooling means are known. It has been proposed to use an air cooled ventilation system, a water cooled system, as well as heat pipes. In a water cooled system cooling pipes are employed between the windings of the stator in order to remove the generator teeth from the stator. However, such conventional water cooling systems are complicated and costly from the manufacturing and serviceability point of view, due to the difficulty of separating cooling pipes and the windings of the stator coils from one another. Furthermore the output torque of the generator is reduced due to the fact that the fill factor is reduced due to the cooling pipes. Alternatively the flux density in the stator yoke is reduced due to saturation.
  • A generator according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from EP 1 257 037 A1 . The generator comprises a cooling pipe which is formed as a meander in order to enable an optimum cooling of stator windings.
  • From US 2004/0135441 A1 an electrically motor with a cooling means is known, whereby a cooling pipe is accommodated in a cavity next to windings. Accordingly cooling pipe and windings are directly in contact.
  • Similarly DE 25 15 340 A1 discloses a stator with slots for windings and a cooling pipe arranged within such a slot contacting a winding.
  • In DE 100 27 246 C1 an electric machine with a cooling pipe is disclosed comprising a stator with cooling pipes disposed under slots.
  • It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a generator with an effective cooling means which does not significantly affect the performance of the generator.
  • According to the present invention this object is achieved in the above defined generator in that the cooling means is formed as a cooling pipe arranged beneath the slots of the stator the second sections of the cooling pipe are arranged next to finger plates; and a spacer is provided radially above the bent second section between a finger plate and a stator stack.
  • The present invention is based on the idea that the flux density is non-uniformly distributed in the stator laminations, yoke and teeth. As a result it has been found out that the areas of the stator beneath the slots can be used for cooling pipes in order to obtain a very efficient generator.
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the inventive generator the stator slot can comprise a cavity in which the cooling pipe is accommodated. When the cooling pipe is accommodated in a cavity the size and shape of the stator and of stator coils is basically unaffected so that the generator can be operated very efficiently.
  • According to the invention the cavity can have a substantially semi-circular or rectangular or triangular cross-section. All these different shapes of the cavity are appropriate for accommodating a cooling pipe. The outer shape of the cooling pipe is adapted to the shape of the cavity.
  • In particular it is preferred that the cooling pipe of the inventive generator is directly in contact with the windings of the stator coils. Due to the direct contact generated heat can be removed efficiently.
  • In the inventive generator the cooling pipe is formed as a meander, comprising first sections beneath the stator slots and bent second sections connected to the first sections. When the cooling pipe has a meander shape the cooling liquid can pass multiple stator slots. The second sections can be bent radially, preferably perpendicular to the first sections. It is advantageous that the bent second sections are accessible for service.
  • In the inventive generator it can be envisaged that the second sections of the cooling pipe are arranged in radial ducts of the stator. The second sections of the cooling pipes are arranged next to finger plates without increasing the size of the generator.
  • According to the invention the cooling pipe can be configured to cover one or more phases of the stator windings. Depending on the necessary amount of energy dissipation the cooling pipe can cover one, two or all three phases of the stator windings.
  • In a similar fashion the cooling pipe of the inventive generator can be configured to cover one or more stator slots in order to provide an efficient cooling for stator windings. As an example it can be envisaged that only every other slot is covered by a cooling pipe.
  • It is preferred that the cooling of the inventive generator is made out of plastics or metal. In particular the cooling pipe can be made out of copper or stainless steel. In case the cooling pipe is made out of metal an insulation can be provided between the cooling pipe and a stator lamination.
  • The cooling pipe of the inventive generator may contain a liquid coolant, preferably a coolant containing water or oil.
  • The invention and its underlying principle will be better understood when consideration is given to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments.
  • In the accompanying drawings:
    • Fig. 1
    is a sectional view of an embodiment of an inventive generator;
    Fig. 2
    is a sectional view of a second embodiment;
    Fig. 3
    is a sectional view of a third embodiment;
    Fig. 4
    is a perspective drawing of a cooling pipe; and
    Fig. 5
    is an axial sectional view of the stator of the generator of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a generator 1 for a wind turbine. The generator 1 comprises a stator 2 and a rotor 3. The stationary stator 2 is usually incorporated in a nacelle which is positioned on top of a tower of the wind turbine. Rotor blades are fixed to the rotor 3, which is rotatably movable around the stator 2. Permanent magnets 4 are arranged in circumferential direction at the inner surface of rotor 3.
  • The stator 2 comprises a stator yoke 5 and a number of parallel teeth 6 extending from the outer surface of the stator yoke 5. The teeth 6 are arranged with a certain distance from each other, a gap or slot 7 is provided for stator windings, which are not shown in Fig. 1. When the rotor 3 is rotated electricity is generated in the windings which is accompanied by the generation of heat. In order to dissipate this heat cooling pipes 8 are provided beneath the slots 7. A coolant like water, oil or a coolant comprising water or oil flows through the cooling pipe 8 effectively removing the heat. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 the cooling pipe 8 has a semi-circular cross-section.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a stator 9 which in general has the same structure as stator 2 of Fig. 1. However, in contrast to the first embodiment beneath the teeth 6 of stator 9 a cooling pipe 10 with a rectangular cross-section is provided.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a stator 11 which is provided with a cooling pipe 12 with a triangular cross-section.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective drawing of a cooling pipe. As can be seen the cooling pipe 8 comprises first sections 13 which in the installed state are disposed beneath stator slots. The cooling pipe 8 comprises bent second sections 14, which are bent perpendicular with regard to the first sections 13. Connections 20 are used for coupling first sections 13 and second sections 14. The cooling pipe 8 is formed as a meander so that it passes plural stator slots in circumferential direction. Further the cooling pipe 8 comprises an inlet 15 and an outlet 16. During manufacture of the generator the cooling pipes are first inserted in the cavities of the stator prior to the mantling of the windings. The fact that the cooling pipe comprises first sections and bent second sections simplifies the serviceability by having easier access to them.
  • Fig. 5 shows an axial sectional view of the stator of the generator of Fig. 1. The first section 13 of cooling pipe 8 directly contacts the stator stack so that generator teeth can be cooled directly. The bent sections 14 of the cooling pipe 8 contact finger plates 18 which are provided on both sides of the stator. End windings 19 are protruding from both sides of the stator stack 17. Between the stator stack 17 and the finger plates 18 spacer 21 are inserted.
  • As can be seen in Fig. 5 the connections of sections of the cooling pipe 8 are accessible. In the embodiment of Fig. 5 the cooling pipe 8 is configured to cover all three phases and all slots of the stator. In other embodiments only one phase or only every other pole may be covered based on the cooling need and manufacturing simplicity and costs.

Claims (11)

  1. A generator (1), in particular for a wind turbine, comprising:
    - a stator (2, 9, 11) with teeth (6) and slots for windings;
    - a rotor (3), rotatable around the stator (2, 9, 11), with a plurality of permanent magnets (4);
    - a cooling means for dissipating heat;
    whereby the cooling means is formed as a cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) arranged radially beneath the slots (7);
    whereby the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) is formed as a meander, comprising first sections (13) beneath the stator slots (7) and bent second sections (14) connected to the first sections (13);
    characterised in that the second sections (14) of the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) are arranged next to finger plates; and a spacer (21) is provided radially above the bent second section (14) between a finger plate (18) and a stator stack (17).
  2. A generator according to claim 1, characterised in that the stator slot (7) comprises a cavity in which the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) is accommodated.
  3. A generator according to claim 2, characterised in that the cavity has a substantially semi-circular or rectangular or triangular cross-section.
  4. A generator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) is directly in contact with the windings.
  5. A generator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second sections (14) are bent radially, preferably perpendicular with regard to the first sections (13).
  6. A generator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second sections (14) of the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) are arranged in radial ducts of the stator (2, 9, 11).
  7. A generator according to any of ,the preceding claims, characterised in that the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) is configured to cover one or more phases of the stator windings.
  8. A generator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) covers one or more stator slots (7) or every other slot.
  9. A generator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) is made out of plastics or metal, in particular copper or stainless steel.
  10. A generator according to claim 9, characterised in that an insulation is provided between the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) and a stator lamination.
  11. A generator according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cooling pipe (8, 10, 12) is filled with a liquid coolant, preferably containing water or oil.
EP10166309A 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 A generator, in particular for a wind turbine Not-in-force EP2398129B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10166309A EP2398129B1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 A generator, in particular for a wind turbine
DK10166309.4T DK2398129T3 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 Generator, especially for a wind turbine
US13/153,522 US8896165B2 (en) 2010-06-17 2011-06-06 Generator, in particular for a wind turbine
CA2743344A CA2743344A1 (en) 2010-06-17 2011-06-15 A generator, in particular for a wind turbine
CN201110164009.2A CN102290886B (en) 2010-06-17 2011-06-17 Generator, especially for the generator of wind turbine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10166309A EP2398129B1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 A generator, in particular for a wind turbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2398129A1 EP2398129A1 (en) 2011-12-21
EP2398129B1 true EP2398129B1 (en) 2012-12-26

Family

ID=43569516

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10166309A Not-in-force EP2398129B1 (en) 2010-06-17 2010-06-17 A generator, in particular for a wind turbine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8896165B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2398129B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102290886B (en)
CA (1) CA2743344A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2398129T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140070637A1 (en) * 2012-09-13 2014-03-13 Colin Hamer Thermal management of an ipm motor with containerized fluid
EP2919367A1 (en) 2014-03-14 2015-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor of a rotating electric machine
CN110417141B (en) * 2019-07-22 2020-10-27 浙江大学 Stator reaches motor including it
US11754056B1 (en) 2021-03-26 2023-09-12 Hawk Spider Energy Corp. Dynamic mass torque generator

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GB1117433A (en) * 1966-06-07 1968-06-19 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements in alternating current generators
CH582969A5 (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-12-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
US4710664A (en) * 1986-07-01 1987-12-01 General Electric Company Space block control means for dynamoelectric machine
DE19742255C1 (en) * 1997-09-25 1998-11-26 System Antriebstechnik Dresden Heavy current rotary electrical machine
DE10027246C1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-10-31 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Electrical machine has axial cooling channels in first set of stator laminations coupled together via deflection elements provided via second set of stator laminations
DE10103447A1 (en) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-01 Baumueller Nuernberg Gmbh Corrugated tube stator cooling in an electrical machine
DE10115186A1 (en) * 2001-03-27 2002-10-24 Rexroth Indramat Gmbh Cooled primary or secondary part of an electric motor
EP1257037A1 (en) * 2001-05-10 2002-11-13 Va Tech Elin EBG Motoren GmbH Permanently magnetized electric machine
DE10131119A1 (en) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-23 Siemens Linear Motor Systems G Electric motor part, especially primary part, has cooling coil attached to body and of meander-shape; at least sub-sections of cooling coil are made of synthetic material
US6819016B2 (en) * 2002-07-18 2004-11-16 Tm4 Inc. Liquid cooling arrangement for electric machines
EP1416609A3 (en) * 2002-10-28 2006-12-06 Loher GmbH Electrical machine with stator internal cooling ducts
US7548008B2 (en) * 2004-09-27 2009-06-16 General Electric Company Electrical machine with double-sided lamination stack
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US20100102649A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Deere & Company Hydroformed cooling channels in stator laminations
EP2182612A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for cooling of an electrical machine
EP2182570A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for cooling of an electrical machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2398129A1 (en) 2011-12-21
DK2398129T3 (en) 2013-01-21
CN102290886B (en) 2016-01-20
CA2743344A1 (en) 2011-12-17
US20110309630A1 (en) 2011-12-22
CN102290886A (en) 2011-12-21
US8896165B2 (en) 2014-11-25

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