Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
  • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
  • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
  • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
  • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23D59/00—Accessories specially designed for sawing machines or sawing devices
  • B23D59/001—Measuring or control devices, e.g. for automatic control of work feed pressure on band saw blade
  • B23D59/005—Measuring or control devices, e.g. for automatic control of work feed pressure on band saw blade for preventing collision of saw blades with other machine parts or workpieces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
  • B27G19/00—Safety guards or devices specially adapted for wood saws; Auxiliary devices facilitating proper operation of wood saws
  • B27G19/02—Safety guards or devices specially adapted for wood saws; Auxiliary devices facilitating proper operation of wood saws for circular saws
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16P—SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
  • F16P3/00—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body
  • F16P3/12—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine
  • F16P3/14—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact
  • F16P3/147—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact using electro-magnetic technology, e.g. tags or radar
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
  • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
  • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
  • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic RF signals, in particular from a U WB antenna.
• an antenna can be understood, by means of which an ultra-wideband radar signal can be generated, transmitted, received and / or evaluated.
• An "ultra-wideband (or ultra-wide band or UWB) radar signal” is to be understood in particular as an electromagnetic signal having a useful frequency range with a center frequency in the frequency range of about 1 GHz to 15 GHz and a frequency bandwidth of at least 500 MHz.
• omnidirectional antennas are preferably used in which an electromagnetic wave with constant power is radiated or received at a certain level, for example in the azimuthal direction. In radar applications, however, should be targeted in one direction be radiated. Instead of omnidirectional antennas therefore antennas with directivity, so directed antennas are used.
• UWT type antenna for example, the tapered slot antenna according to A. Hees, J. Hasch and J. Detlefsen, ("Tapered Slot Antenna with
• UWB antennas with a three-dimensional dipole and an additional dielectric rod are known in order to achieve a further increased directivity. See, for example, M. Blech, T. Eibert in "A Directive Ultra-Wideband Dipole Antenna with Dielectric Rod and Reflector," 2nd International ITG Conference on Antennas, 2007, and TF Eibert, "Ultra Broadband Dipole Antenna with Dielectric Rod and Reflector", German Patent Application, No. 10 2006 036 325.6-55, Aug. 2006
• a flat and ultrabroadband antenna whose aperture loading is produced by feeding individual rectangular dipole elements on a substrate is of R.N.
• the object underlying the invention is to improve the known from the prior art antennas.
• a broadband (UWB) radar method To the dielectric constant of a material (eg concrete wall, wood, plastic, human tissue, etc.) and thus, for example, the presence of a To determine the hand or the humidity of a wall, are required for the application of a broadband (UWB) radar method, a sufficiently large frequency bandwidth and high concentration (directivity) of the radiated from an antenna electromagnetic waves. Especially with thick and wet samples, where the dielectric losses in the material can become very high, a strongly directed antenna is an advantage. On the other hand, a very small measuring range or measuring spot can also serve to determine the dielectric constant of a material only selectively in a defined range.
• UWB broadband
• the materials are detected by the antenna by changing their input impedance, i. E.
• the materials are located in the radiating near field of the antenna.
• the protection zone may be defined by the measuring area or by the measuring spot, e.g. observed immediately before a saw blade.
• the inventive device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic RF signals consists of a particular planar, ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna structure, consisting of a plurality of dipole elements, each dipole element having two poles with a substantially elliptical basic shape.
• UWB ultra-wideband
• Such an antenna structure advantageously makes possible a low overall height while at the same time having a markedly reduced tendency to over-couple the radiator elements (dipoles).
• the depth is determined by the distance of the radiator elements (dipoles) to the reflector element in the antenna concept of the invention and is usually in the range of ⁇ / 4 at the center frequency of the antenna. In the same frequency range mentioned above results in a relatively short height of about 10 mm.
• Broadband dipoles having a rectangular or triangular basic shape, in particular such an elongated basic shape, are also conceivable in principle.
• a broadband and also dual polarizable antenna structure can be realized by a plurality of radiating elements (dipoles) are present.
• the dipoles can be arranged in two preferred directions and fed with a corresponding electrical signal.
• Another advantage of the inventive device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic RF signals is the targeted adjustment of the current assignment of each individual dipole element.
• Amplitude and phase relationships of the dipoles with each other a targeted Aperturbelegung the entire antenna structure can be made.
• the opening angle of the antenna in the E and H plane in the far field, the size of the measuring spot, as well as the side lobe attenuation can be influenced.
• a reflector is provided.
• Such a reflector especially a metallic reflector, is then advantageously mounted opposite the main beam direction of the device and may be positioned below the structure of the radiating dipoles.
• the reflector may be formed, for example, as a substantially planar, metallic reflector element or else as a metallized layer of a printed circuit board.
• the reflector element should then be substantially perpendicular to the
• Another advantage of this antenna geometry is the design of the reflector by means of a printed circuit board, wherein the electrically conductive plane realized by a located on the top or bottom layer copper surface (eg, V cc or GND) becomes.
• Very space-saving components for the realization of a sensor (signal evaluation) and the control of the individual dipole elements can be arranged on the board. Connection cable from the antenna structure to an evaluation eliminates this.
• the reflector can be brought even closer to the dipole elements by the reflector for certain frequency bandwidths magnetically conductive (reflection factor +1) by electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBG structures) is realized.
• the reflected wave is in phase to the trailing end, whereby the distance can be reduced.
• a disadvantage is an increase in the input reflection factor for each individual dipole.
• Symmetrieglieder such as a taped microstrip balun or a symmetry member to Marchand (microstrip line on slot line transition).
• the symmetry members may either be mounted between the dipole elements on the substrate and the reflector, below the reflector, integrated on a circuit board which also serves as a reflector, or be designed as a separate component.
• the antenna according to the invention is therefore suitable as
• Component of a sensor for a meter such as a Ortungst. Material analysis device.
• the antenna according to the invention is also advantageously suitable as part of a sensor of a machine tool monitoring device
• the protection zone may be detected by the measuring area or spot, e.g. described and observed immediately before the saw blade of a circular or band saw.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the shape of the dipoles and the basic arrangement of the dipoles of the device according to the invention in a plan view
• FIG. 2 shows a perspective illustration of the carrier structure with dipoles according to the invention and associated reflector means
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of the invention
• Figure 4 shows an embodiment of an inventive locating and material determining device with an inventive
• Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a machine tool monitoring device with a device according to the invention. Description of exemplary embodiments
• Figure 1 shows in a plan view a possible arrangement of individual dipole moments, i. the antenna structure 10 of a device according to the invention for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic RF signals.
• Antenna structure 10 consists of a plurality of radiator elements in dipole form.
• the dipoles 12, also referred to below as dipole elements, are applied to a carrier element 18 as metallic structures and each have an axis 15 along which the poles are arranged.
• the support member 18 in the embodiment of Figure 1 has a planar structure and may for example be a circuit board (board) with a corresponding insulating layer.
• the dipolar array can be realized instead of a circuit board, for example also on a dielectric film (for example Kapton from DuPont). The flexibility of such films results in a whole series of advantages of the antenna structure according to the invention.
• the two poles 14 and 16 of the dipoles 12 each have a substantially elliptical, planar structure, which is also flat in the embodiment shown. There is a slight deviation from the pure ellipse shape at each of the axial ends of the dipoles 12.
• the curvature of the shape of the poles 14 changes or 16 of the dipoles 12 at their axial ends from a convex shape to a concave shape.
• the concave curvature at the axial ends of the poles 14 and 16, respectively corresponds to the convex curvature at the inner, i. the feeding point
• the crosstalk or overcoupling of the dipoles can be reduced and optimized.
• the elliptical shape of the poles 14, 16 of the dipoles 12 of the antenna structure 10 advantageously leads to a strong suppression of side lobes in the radiation characteristic of the antenna.
• the elliptical design of the radiator elements makes it possible to improve the bandwidth of the antenna structure 10, since the lower limit frequency of the antenna decreases as the length of the radiator element increases.
• a dielectric additionally applied to the dipole elements 12, e.g. another substrate of the same material thickness, the lower limit frequency of the dipoles 12 can further reduce and thus increase the broadband bericht the antenna structure 10 on.
• the structure is electrically longer with the same dipole dimensions.
• the dipoles 12 of the antenna structure 10 are arranged in two preferred directions.
• the preferred directions X, Y in the embodiment of Figure 1 are aligned orthogonal to each other, so that the dipoles 12 are arranged in two groups perpendicular to each other.
• the preferred directions can be defined, for example, by the boundary geometry, such as the boundary edges 34, 36 of the carrier element 18.
• the antenna structure has five dipoles, which are oriented in the X direction, and four dipoles, which are oriented in the Y direction.
• Such a number and division essentially provides an optimum in terms of compactness and the possible monitoring range of the invention
• Detection unit of a machine tool monitoring device as shown for example in Figure 5, a preferred direction but also by the orientation of the tool or tool can be specified.
• a preferred direction may be the feed direction of a saw.
• a working means 60 in the form of a saw blade is additionally indicated schematically in FIG.
• the antenna structure 10 is arranged directly in front of the saw blade 60.
• the working means 60 is shown in Figure 1 only to illustrate an application and limited neither the embodiment of the antenna structure according to the invention nor the applications of the claimed device.
• the dipole elements 12 of the antenna structure according to the invention are arranged such that in each case four poles of four adjacent dipoles essentially form a ring structure 22.
• the ring structure does not necessarily have to be circular.
• the arrangement according to the invention of the dipole elements 12 has such a ring structure 22 which generates an "eye" 24, ie a not insignificant region of the antenna structure 10 which is not occupied by a metallic electrode of a radiator element
• this area of the non-electrode covering is designed to be significantly larger.
• the parallel spacing of the dipole elements produced in this way advantageously prevents overcoupling of the signals of different dipoles.
• the feed of the individual dipole elements for example two dipoles, which are rotated by 90 degrees relative to one another, are fed in their common center or are arranged offset to one another and have no common feed point
• the feed of the individual dipole elements can be chosen almost arbitrarily.
• a targeted adjustment of the current assignment of a single dipole element is possible.
• a targeted Aperturbelegung the entire antenna / antenna structure can be made.
• the Opening angle of the antenna in the E and H plane in the far field the size of the measuring spot and the side lobe attenuation can be influenced.
• array cell 32 The monitoring area realized with the antenna structure or the array from FIG. 1, referred to below as array cell 32, can be implemented by
• Control changed for example, a workpiece can be tracked.
• Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the device according to the invention with a support member 18, an antenna structure 10 and an additional reflector element 28, which is disposed below the antenna structure 10, that is opposite to the main emission direction Z.
• the reflector element 28 may be a metallic or metallized plate.
• the reflector element 28 is a circuit board (board), wherein the electrically conductive plane can be realized by a located on the top or bottom layer copper surface (eg V cc or GND).
• V cc or GND copper surface
• Very space-saving electronic as well as mechanical components for the realization of a sensor (signal evaluation) and the control of the individual dipole elements can be arranged on this board. Connection cable from the antenna structure to an evaluation eliminates this.
• the depth is determined by the distance of the support structure 18 of the radiator elements 12 to the reflector element 28 in the inventive antenna concept and is usually in the range of ⁇ / 4 at the center frequency. In the above-mentioned frequency range, this results in a relatively short overall height of e.g. 10 mm (length / height of the feed not included).
• the reflector 28 of the antenna arrangement can be brought even closer to the dipole elements by the reflector for certain Frequency bandwidths magnetically conductive (reflection factor +1) by electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBG Structures) is realized.
• the reflected wave is in phase to the Hinstedden, whereby the distance of the structures can be reduced.
• a disadvantage is an increase in the input reflection factor for each individual dipole.
• FIG. 2 additionally shows a part of the feed structure of the antenna device according to the invention. The feeding of the antenna will be discussed in connection with FIG.
• FIG. 3 shows a device 50 according to the invention in the form of a dual-polarized, ultra-wide-band dipolar array 10 with metallic reflector element 28 and Marchand (62) symmetry elements for feeding.
• the reflector 28 is located at a distance of about 10 mm to the dipole elements 12.
• the frequency range of this antenna in the embodiment of Figure 3 is approximately
• the substrate and reflector size is approx. 72 mm x 72 mm.
• the distribution of the power onto dipoles of the two preferred directions X and Y is effected via a power divider network, e.g. may consist of Wilkinson dividers or tapered power dividers or the like.
• a power divider network e.g. may consist of Wilkinson dividers or tapered power dividers or the like.
• Port 1 feeds the 4 vertical (Y-direction) dipoles of this embodiment
• port 2 feeds the 5 horizontal (X-direction) dipoles of this embodiment, sufficient directivity being achieved by feeding the 4 outer dipoles.
• the resulting array 32 further has a reflector 28 to radiate predominantly only in a half-plane (Z direction in Figure 3).
• a dielectric additionally applied to the dipole elements e.g. another one
• Substrate of the same material thickness can further reduce the lower limit frequency of the dipoles and thus further increase the broadbandity of the structure.
• the structure is electrically longer with the same dipole dimensions.
• the array 32 can advantageously be surrounded laterally and below with a cavity, for example in the form of a metal border (not shown in FIG. 3 for the sake of clarity), or provided with absorber material. Influences by laterally moving parts on the characteristics of the antenna (e.g., changing the input impedance) are thereby reduced.
• the increase in the directivity of the dual-polarized dipolar array can be achieved by targeted guidance of the waves in a dielectric waveguide, also called Rod for short.
• the dielectic material of the rod is thereby brought to the dipoles.
• the detachment of the waves takes place depending on the resulting
• Wavelength at the front of the rod instead, which should be cylindrical. With decreasing diameter of the waveguide waves of higher frequencies are replaced.
• the dipolar array can be realized instead of on a circuit board, for example on a dielectric film (eg Kapton from Du Pont). Due to the flexibility of this film, dipole elements including the feed lines can be applied; 90 degrees angle of the feed lines to the reflector are thus possible. Furthermore, the execution of a dipole element incl. Power from a single metal part, for example made of copper conceivable.
• a dielectric film eg Kapton from Du Pont
• array cell 32 The surveillance area realized with the array of Figure 3, hereafter referred to as array cell 32, can be duplicated or multiplied
• the measuring spot therefore migrates on the substrate surface as a function of the respectively fed dipole elements.
• FIG. 4 shows, in a schematic view, a location or material constant determination device 42 with the device 50 according to the invention, as a component of a UWB sensor 58.
• the measuring device is moved over a wall 44 or another material.
• the location of trapped in a medium objects 46 or the determination of material parameters, such as the humidity of a wall 44 is possible, as is basically presented in DE 102 07 424 Al, and their content so as also to be disclosed here.
• An alternative application of the device according to the invention for transmitting electromagnetic RF signals is provided by the range of protection sensors.
• a detector for "pre-impact detection" can be realized.
• Another important application of the device according to the invention results from the advantage of good bundling and alignability of the measurement signal. In this way, a protected zone to be monitored, for example, directly before a saw blade or saw blade (see Figure 1) are more accurately secured.
• FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a machine tool monitoring device which is used to detect the presence of a type of material, in particular tissue, such as the human tissue of a hand
• the circular saw 48 has a recognition device 52, which is provided for detecting the presence of a type of material 54, in particular of tissue, in a machine tool working area 56.
• the recognition device 52 has at least one device 50 according to the invention for transmitting electromagnetic RF signals.
• the device 50 according to the invention can be installed in a plane above the working range of the machine tool, as indicated in FIG. Alternatively, the device 50 can also be integrated directly in the work table 40. Both possibilities can be realized both individually and simultaneously, as shown by way of example in FIG.
• the antenna structure according to the invention By a plurality of juxtaposed array cells 32, which are arranged in particular in or under the work table 40 of the machine tool, and by a combinatorial logic, it is advantageously possible with the antenna structure according to the invention, a large area around the working means of the machine tool, for example a saw blade to secure around.
• the antenna structure according to the invention has the advantage that it can be brought very close to the working medium (compare the illustration in Figure 1) and at the same time can cover a large surveillance area, especially if multiple array cells 32 are used.
• the application of the device according to the invention in the context of a machine tool monitoring device is not limited to saws and in particular on circular saws.
• the device according to the invention is not limited to use as part of a machine tool monitoring device.
• the skilled artisan recognizes the other uses of the device according to the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
• Details Of Aerials (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-02-05 DE DE102009000644A patent/DE102009000644A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-01-11 WO PCT/EP2010/050190 patent/WO2010089164A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-01-11 JP JP2011548625A patent/JP2012517169A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-01-11 EP EP10702261A patent/EP2394332A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2010-01-11 US US13/148,121 patent/US20120025848A1/en not_active Abandoned

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