EP2388068B1 - Device for physical waste treatment - Google Patents

Device for physical waste treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2388068B1
EP2388068B1 EP10189542.3A EP10189542A EP2388068B1 EP 2388068 B1 EP2388068 B1 EP 2388068B1 EP 10189542 A EP10189542 A EP 10189542A EP 2388068 B1 EP2388068 B1 EP 2388068B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
generator
box
plasma
container
sample
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10189542.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2388068A2 (en
EP2388068A3 (en
Inventor
Tomas Sezima
Eugen Sikora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vyzkumny Ustav Vodohospodarsky Tg Masaryka Vvi
Original Assignee
Vyzkumny Ustav Vodohospodarsky Tg Masaryka Vvi
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Application filed by Vyzkumny Ustav Vodohospodarsky Tg Masaryka Vvi filed Critical Vyzkumny Ustav Vodohospodarsky Tg Masaryka Vvi
Publication of EP2388068A2 publication Critical patent/EP2388068A2/en
Publication of EP2388068A3 publication Critical patent/EP2388068A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H2240/00—Testing
    • H05H2240/20—Non-thermal plasma

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for physical treatment of materials, in particular of waste in solid state, by means of physical factors of matter degradation.
  • DE 44 32 228 discloses a disinfection, sterilization, germ removal or antibacterial treatment method which is operated in a space at reduced pressure, into which the material is introduced for treatment. High frequency pulsations are applied to two electrodes, producing a plasmatic gas discharge. The width of the pulses is narrow and their amplitude is high.
  • a second electrode in the shape of a casing is installed in a chamber at a distance from the first electrode, the chamber receiving the material to be sterilized or disinfected and the wall of the chamber wholly or partly forming the first electrode.
  • waste material must be dumped in landfills without prior treatment.
  • Appropriate treatment of waste material may reduce its negative characteristics and extend the options for recycling or converting into energy. For instance, the slurry from municipal waste water treatment plants is still being, to a large extent, dumped in landfills.
  • Pre-treated waste combined with other sorts of waste can be used as a fuel or fertiliser.
  • the purpose of this invention is to design a device allowing for action of multiple factors of physical degradation on the processed material, either simultaneously or sequentially.
  • a device suitable for waste treatment by means of a plasma includes a box, a plastic container for containing a waste sample to be treated, a lower electrically conductive electrode connected through an electric wire to a generator of electrostatic field, an upper electrically conductive electrode connected with a high voltage electric wire to the generator of electrostatic field, the upper electrode being suspended above the sample, wherein the container is placed above the lower electrode, the plasma is generated between the upper and lower electrodes for plasma treatment of the sample.
  • the box is made of transparent material
  • a grounded Faraday cage composed of a metal mesh
  • the upper and lower electrodes are made of a metal mesh
  • the generated plasma is a non-thermal plasma
  • a carrier bridge is disposed inside the box for supporting at least one of the following generators of sample matter degradation factors:
  • a stool of an electrically non-conductive material with very high electric resistance can be loosely placed at the bottom of the box for placement of a plastic container with the sample, the bottom of the container being made of a thick layer of plastic material with a very high electrical resistance.
  • the upper electrode is removable and the lower electrode is equipped for movement between a position under the bottom of the container and a position over the bottom of the container, with the wire coming out of the lower electrode being equipped for reconnection between a generator of electrostatic field and a generator for electrical discharge.
  • a generator carrier bridge is capable of linear movement in two speeds in the forward and the reverse direction with automatic direction reverting in the end position with the help of end switches and with adjustable travel length.
  • the box is conveniently made of transparent polycarbonate, forming a Faraday cage with a transparent opening wall.
  • a method for physical treatment of waste by means of the described device consists in that a plasma is generated between upper and lower electrodes, and matter degradation factors produced by a microwave generator, an ultrasound generator or an ultraviolet radiator can be superimposed to said plasma either simultaneously or in various combinations or alone.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of an example of a device for physical treatment of waste.
  • Generators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of matter degradation factors are located in a box 8 containing a Faraday cage, which is grounded by a separate copper wire connected to a ground pin of galvanized steel outside the building.
  • the box 8 is made of transparent polycarbonate with an internal metal mesh (Faraday cage) and is provided with a front sliding handling wall also made of transparent polycarbonate.
  • the front wall is equipped with a main power switch so in the event of accidental opening the circuit is automatically disconnected.
  • the main system power switch is located outside the box 8; the generators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 including switches adjusting direction and range of generator movements are placed inside the box 8.
  • a carrier bridge 9 carrying the generators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 including their drive, switches and circuit breaks is located in the box 8.
  • the bottom of the container 6 is made of a thick layer of plastic with very high electric resistance, loosely placed on a lower electrode 10, being an electrically conductive metal mesh.
  • the lower electrode 10 is connected by an electric wire 12b to a generator 5 of electrostatic field.
  • the upper electrode 11 can be either embedded in the sample 7 or freely suspended above it.
  • the carrier bridge 9 is equipped with an electric drive with a possibility of adjusting the speed of movement in two stages.
  • the movement is in two directions - forward and reverse, the range of movement being limited by switches changing the direction of the movement.
  • the range of the movement is mechanically adjustable.
  • a microwave generator 2, an ultrasound generator 3 and an ultraviolet radiator 4 can operate simultaneously, in various combinations or alone. Only generators 1 and 5 cannot operate at the same time due mutual interference which could result in damage to the generator 5 of electrostatic field by electrical discharge. They may be used separately.
  • the device may take the form of a kit.
  • the generator 5 of electrostatic field may be used for gradual connections of further generators of the matter degradation factors, such as a microwave generator, an ultrasound generator or a laser. These generators can act on the sample in atmospheres of different compositions and pressures.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Description

    Technical Field
  • The invention relates to a device and a method for physical treatment of materials, in particular of waste in solid state, by means of physical factors of matter degradation.
    • Background of the Invention
  • Currently there are known and commercially available devices using means of matter degradation factors, each device producing only one such factor. Known devices of this type therefore do not allow for action of more than one factor of physical degradation, whether simultaneously or sequentially. Commercially available devices are generally designed for a very specific purpose. A device for a controlled and adjustable electrostatic discharge for exposing samples does not exist. The conversion of commercially available devices is difficult and their use is quite limited. Only a source of UV radiation is usable for variable use (e.g. for decontaminating of infectious waste waters).
  • DE 44 32 228 discloses a disinfection, sterilization, germ removal or antibacterial treatment method which is operated in a space at reduced pressure, into which the material is introduced for treatment. High frequency pulsations are applied to two electrodes, producing a plasmatic gas discharge. The width of the pulses is narrow and their amplitude is high. There is also a description of another apparatus used to execute the above method where a second electrode in the shape of a casing is installed in a chamber at a distance from the first electrode, the chamber receiving the material to be sterilized or disinfected and the wall of the chamber wholly or partly forming the first electrode.
  • Other generators of matter degradation factors have to be assembled individually from components suitable for their intended use. The earlier solutions suffered from the abovementioned negative effects of single-purpose devices, which did not allow utilization of simultaneous effects of several degradation factors. Another disadvantage of the known devices is their specific focus on a single purpose. If they are to be adapted for another purpose only some parts of them can be used. The current technology does not allow superposition of multiple degradation factors acting on a single exposed subject in the given time period and monitoring the combined effect thereon. Where the degradation factors are applied consecutively the resulting effects may be quite different.
  • Large quantities of waste material must be dumped in landfills without prior treatment. Appropriate treatment of waste material may reduce its negative characteristics and extend the options for recycling or converting into energy. For instance, the slurry from municipal waste water treatment plants is still being, to a large extent, dumped in landfills. Pre-treated waste combined with other sorts of waste can be used as a fuel or fertiliser.
  • The purpose of this invention is to design a device allowing for action of multiple factors of physical degradation on the processed material, either simultaneously or sequentially.
    • Summary of the Invention
  • A device suitable for waste treatment by means of a plasma, includes a box, a plastic container for containing a waste sample to be treated, a lower electrically conductive electrode connected through an electric wire to a generator of electrostatic field, an upper electrically conductive electrode connected with a high voltage electric wire to the generator of electrostatic field, the upper electrode being suspended above the sample, wherein the container is placed above the lower electrode, the plasma is generated between the upper and lower electrodes for plasma treatment of the sample. In such a device the box is made of transparent material, a grounded Faraday cage, composed of a metal mesh, is placed in the transparent box, the upper and lower electrodes are made of a metal mesh, the generated plasma is a non-thermal plasma, wherein a carrier bridge is disposed inside the box for supporting at least one of the following generators of sample matter degradation factors:
    • a high voltage generator with a spark gap for electrical discharge,
    • a microwave generator,
    • an ultrasound generator and
    • an ultraviolet radiator.
  • A stool of an electrically non-conductive material with very high electric resistance can be loosely placed at the bottom of the box for placement of a plastic container with the sample, the bottom of the container being made of a thick layer of plastic material with a very high electrical resistance.
  • The upper electrode is removable and the lower electrode is equipped for movement between a position under the bottom of the container and a position over the bottom of the container, with the wire coming out of the lower electrode being equipped for reconnection between a generator of electrostatic field and a generator for electrical discharge.
  • A generator carrier bridge is capable of linear movement in two speeds in the forward and the reverse direction with automatic direction reverting in the end position with the help of end switches and with adjustable travel length.
  • The box is conveniently made of transparent polycarbonate, forming a Faraday cage with a transparent opening wall.
  • When the opening wall of the box is open the main power switch is off.
  • A method for physical treatment of waste by means of the described device consists in that a plasma is generated between upper and lower electrodes, and matter degradation factors produced by a microwave generator, an ultrasound generator or an ultraviolet radiator can be superimposed to said plasma either simultaneously or in various combinations or alone.
    • Brief Description of the Drawing
  • The invention will further be explained by means of a drawing where Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing of an example of a device for physical treatment of waste.
    • Description of the Preferred Embodiment
  • Generators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of matter degradation factors are located in a box 8 containing a Faraday cage, which is grounded by a separate copper wire connected to a ground pin of galvanized steel outside the building.
  • The box 8 is made of transparent polycarbonate with an internal metal mesh (Faraday cage) and is provided with a front sliding handling wall also made of transparent polycarbonate. The front wall is equipped with a main power switch so in the event of accidental opening the circuit is automatically disconnected. The main system power switch is located outside the box 8; the generators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 including switches adjusting direction and range of generator movements are placed inside the box 8. Furthermore, a carrier bridge 9 carrying the generators 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 including their drive, switches and circuit breaks is located in the box 8.
  • On the bottom of the box 8 there is a loosely placed stool of an electrically non-conductive material with very high electric resistance, with a plastic container 6
  • resting on it for placement of a reference sample 7. The bottom of the container 6 is made of a thick layer of plastic with very high electric resistance, loosely placed on a lower electrode 10, being an electrically conductive metal mesh. The lower electrode 10 is connected by an electric wire 12b to a generator 5 of electrostatic field. There is also an upper electrode 11, also an electrically conductive mesh, above the container 6 connected by a high voltage electric wire 12a to the generator 5 of electrostatic field. The upper electrode 11 can be either embedded in the sample 7 or freely suspended above it.
  • The carrier bridge 9 is equipped with an electric drive with a possibility of adjusting the speed of movement in two stages. The movement is in two directions - forward and reverse, the range of movement being limited by switches changing the direction of the movement. The range of the movement is mechanically adjustable.
  • For the application of electric spark discharges it is necessary to replace the upper electrode 11 with a spark gap F, which is located on the carrier bridge 9 together with a high voltage generator 1 for high voltage electrical discharge. At the same time the lower electrode 10 must be moved into the container 6, i.e. under the sample 7. The wire 12b is then connected to the high voltage generator 1. A microwave generator 2, an ultrasound generator 3 and an ultraviolet radiator 4 can operate simultaneously, in various combinations or alone. Only generators 1 and 5 cannot operate at the same time due mutual interference which could result in damage to the generator 5 of electrostatic field by electrical discharge. They may be used separately.
    • Exploitation in Industry
  • There are the following options of application of the device according to the present invention:
    • Monitoring of ageing of material exposed to the effects of degradation factors;
    • Degradation of toxic substances in order to determine the most appropriate technology;
    • Direct use of the device for decontamination, detoxification or disinfection of materials, matrices and objects with regard to the nature of these materials and objects;
    • Discovering new properties of exposed materials (change of material properties);
    • Measurement and quantification of the energy consumed by the expected changes of material properties;
    • Testing of electronic instruments for resistance to harmful effects of physical degradation factors; specification of the time for which the instrument is able to resist these effects;
  • The device may take the form of a kit. The generator 5 of electrostatic field may be used for gradual connections of further generators of the matter degradation factors, such as a microwave generator, an ultrasound generator or a laser. These generators can act on the sample in atmospheres of different compositions and pressures.

Claims (7)

  1. A device for physical waste treatment by means of a plasma, including
    - a box (8),
    - a plastic container (6) for containing a waste sample (7) to be treated,
    - a lower electrically conductive electrode (10) connected through an electric wire (12b) to a generator (5) of electrostatic field,
    - an upper electrically conductive electrode (11) connected with a high voltage electric wire (12a) to the generator (5) of electrostatic field, the upper electrode (11) being suspended above the sample (7),
    wherein
    - the container (6) is placed above the lower electrode (10),
    - the plasma is generated between the upper and lower electrodes (11, 10) for plasma treatment of the sample (7),
    characterized in that
    - the box (8) is made of transparent material,
    - a grounded Faraday cage, composed of a metal mesh, is placed in the transparent box (8),
    - the upper and lower electrodes (11, 10) are made of a metal mesh,
    - the generated plasma is a non-thermal plasma,
    - a carrier bridge (9) is disposed inside the box (8) for supporting at least one of
    a. a high voltage generator (1) with a spark gap for electrical discharge,
    b. a microwave generator (2),
    c. an ultrasound generator (3) and
    d. an ultraviolet radiator (4).
  2. The device of claim 1, characterized in that a stool of an electrically non-conductive material with very high electric resistance is loosely placed at the bottom of the box (8) for the purpose of placement of a plastic container (6) with a sample (7), the bottom of the container (6) being made of a thick layer of plastic material with a very high electric resistance.
  3. The device of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper electrode (11) is removable and the lower electrode (10) is equipped for moving between the positions under the bottom of the container (6) and the position above the bottom of the container (6), with the wire (12b) equipped for reconnections between the generator (5) of electrostatic field and the generator (1) for electrical discharge.
  4. The device of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the generator carrier bridge (9) is capable of linear movement in two speeds in the forward and the reverse direction with automatic direction reverting in the end position with the help of end switches and with adjustable travel length.
  5. The device of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the box (8) is made of transparent polycarbonate, and is equipped with a transparent opening wall.
  6. The device of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that if the opening wall of the box (8) in open then the main power switch is off.
  7. A method for physical waste treatment by means of a device according to claim 1, characterized in that
    - a plasma is generated between upper and lower electrodes (11, 10), and
    - matter degradation factors produced by a microwave generator (2), an ultrasound generator (3) or an ultraviolet radiator (4) can be superimposed to said plasma either simultaneously or in various combinations or alone.
EP10189542.3A 2010-05-19 2010-11-01 Device for physical waste treatment Active EP2388068B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ201022733U CZ21084U1 (en) 2010-05-19 2010-05-19 Apparatus for physical treatment of waste

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2388068A2 EP2388068A2 (en) 2011-11-23
EP2388068A3 EP2388068A3 (en) 2013-06-19
EP2388068B1 true EP2388068B1 (en) 2014-08-20

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EP10189542.3A Active EP2388068B1 (en) 2010-05-19 2010-11-01 Device for physical waste treatment

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CZ (1) CZ21084U1 (en)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5356524A (en) * 1993-04-20 1994-10-18 University Of Alaska Electrical method for conversion of molecular weights of particulates
DE4432228A1 (en) * 1994-09-10 1996-03-14 Stauder Norbert Pulse width modulated, high frequency discharge method
MXPA02004936A (en) * 1999-11-16 2003-06-30 Centre D'innovation Sur Le Transport D'energie Du Quebec Method and apparatus to facilitate restriking in an arc furnace.
AU2003234295A1 (en) * 2002-04-30 2004-02-02 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Non-thermal disinfection of biological fluids using non-thermal plasma
DE102007033701A1 (en) * 2007-07-14 2009-01-22 Xtreme Technologies Gmbh Method and arrangement for cleaning optical surfaces in plasma-based radiation sources
WO2009147666A1 (en) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-10 Aquaspark Ltd. Apparatus and method for treatment of wastewater

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CHOI K-S ET AL: "PLASMA ETCHING OF COPPER FILMS USING ULTRA VIOLET RADIATION", EXTENDED ABSTRACTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLIDSTATE DEVICES AND MATERIALS, JAPAN SOCIETY OF APPLIED PHYSICS. TOKYO, JA, 1 September 1997 (1997-09-01), pages 300 - 301, XP000728124 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2388068A2 (en) 2011-11-23
EP2388068A3 (en) 2013-06-19
CZ21084U1 (en) 2010-07-02

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