EP2385748A1 - Appareil à DEL CA - Google Patents

Appareil à DEL CA Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2385748A1
EP2385748A1 EP11154481A EP11154481A EP2385748A1 EP 2385748 A1 EP2385748 A1 EP 2385748A1 EP 11154481 A EP11154481 A EP 11154481A EP 11154481 A EP11154481 A EP 11154481A EP 2385748 A1 EP2385748 A1 EP 2385748A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
led
leds
controller
voltage
led apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11154481A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wen-Kuei Tsai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Investment Co Ltd
Original Assignee
GE Investment Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/829,778 external-priority patent/US8362711B2/en
Application filed by GE Investment Co Ltd filed Critical GE Investment Co Ltd
Publication of EP2385748A1 publication Critical patent/EP2385748A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
    • H05B45/325—Pulse-width modulation [PWM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/345—Current stabilisation; Maintaining constant current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/355—Power factor correction [PFC]; Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to light-emitting diode (LED), and more particularly to an alternating-current (AC) LED lamp.
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • AC alternating-current
  • a light-emitting-diode (LED) lamp uses LEDs as a light source.
  • the LED lamp has a longer lifetime and consumes less energy than a conventional fluorescent lamp, and is thus becoming more acceptable as a lighting device.
  • the LED is commonly driven by a direct-current (DC) power supply or an alternating-current (AC) to DC converter such as a switching power supply.
  • DC direct-current
  • AC alternating-current
  • the conversion efficiency of the conventional switching power supply is at best 90% and is oftentimes lower than that.
  • the conventional switching power supply is bulky due to its use of large capacitor and/or inductor.
  • the LED lamp is adapted to a specific AC power in a specific region or country.
  • the voltage of the AC power varies in the range 100-240 volts, and the frequency of the AC power is either 50Hz or 60Hz. Accordingly, an LED lamp made for a region cannot be used in another region, without thorough reconstruction.
  • Another drawback of the conventional LED lamp is its susceptibility to power noise that will make the lamp flicker.
  • the power noise may be reduced, however, at the cost of using more capacitors and/or inductors.
  • AC alternating-current
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • the AC LED apparatus at least includes a rectifier, a controller, a number of serial-connected LEDs and a number of switches.
  • the rectifier is configured to rectify a power AC voltage to generate a rectified voltage.
  • the controller is configured to monitor the rectified voltage.
  • the LEDs are electrically coupled between the rectified voltage and a ground.
  • the switches correspondingly control at least a portion of the LEDs respectively, wherein one terminal of each switch is electrically coupled to one electrode of the corresponding LED or LEDs.
  • the switches are controlled by the controller according to the rectified voltage.
  • FIG. 1A shows an alternating-current light-emitting diode (AC LED) apparatus with high power efficiency according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the AC LED apparatus may operate on AC power without the need for a direct-current (DC) converter.
  • DC direct-current
  • other lighting device such as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) may be used as well.
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • the AC LED apparatus e.g., an AC LED lamp
  • a rectifier such as a bridge rectifier 10 that passes the positive half-cycle of a power AC voltage (e.g., a sinusoidal waveform) and inverts the negative half-cycle of the power AC voltage, thereby resulting in a full-wave rectified voltage Vr.
  • the rectified voltage Vr is monitored by a controller 12.
  • the controller 12 may be, for example, a hardwired circuit, a microprocessor, a programmable logic device (PLD), a programmable array logic (PAL) or any device that is capable of performing one or more functions that are described in this specification.
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • PAL programmable array logic
  • a number of serial-connected LEDs D0-Dn are electrically coupled between the rectified voltage Vr and the ground, configured with the LED current flowing from the rectified voltage Vr toward the ground.
  • the term “electrically couple” may mean that an electronic component or components are directly or indirectly connected by electricity.
  • one electrode (e.g., the anode) of each LED D1-Dn is electrically coupled to one terminal of a corresponding switch S1-Sn.
  • the other terminal of the switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to the ground.
  • the LED D0 without corresponding switch is mainly used to prevent shorting between the rectified voltage Vr and the ground. It is appreciated by a person skilled in the pertinent art that more than one LED without corresponding switch may be used as well.
  • the switches S1-Sn may be implemented, for example, by power metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices such as N-MOS, P-MOS or complementary MOS (CMOS). Although the MOS devices are illustrated here, it is appreciated that other types of transistor may be used as well.
  • FIG. 1B shows a partial view of a power MOS device configured as a switch and a corresponding LED. Specifically, one of the source/drain is coupled to the ground, the other of the source/drain is coupled to the anode of the corresponding LED, and the gate is controlled by the controller 12.
  • FIG. 1C shows an AC LED apparatus with alternative configuration of the switches S1-Sn.
  • FIG. 1D shows a partial view of a power MOS device configured as a switch and a corresponding LED according to FIG. 1C .
  • one of the source/drain is coupled to the anode of the corresponding LED
  • the other of the source/drain is coupled to the cathode of the corresponding LED
  • the gate is controlled by the controller 12.
  • the switches S1-Sn are controlled by the controller 12 according to the rectified voltage Vr.
  • the switches S1-Sn are controlled in the manner such that the number of turn-on LEDs is proportional to (or tracks) the magnitude of the rectified voltage Vr. Further, the cascaded forward voltage of the turn-on LEDs is approximately equal to the rectified voltage Vr. Accordingly, almost all the rectified power is converted to emitted light energy with high power efficiency. According to some calculations or experimentations, the power efficiency according to the embodiment may reach 90-98% or higher.
  • Table 1 below shows some exemplary rectified voltages Vr and their corresponding closed switch and turn-on LEDs, supposed that the forward voltage of each LED is about 3.3 volts in this specific example.
  • the switches not notified, particularly the switches (with smaller switch serial number) preceding the notified closed switch are open.
  • Another advantage of the AC LED apparatus of the present embodiment is its capability of being immune to noise in the power AC voltage. Specifically, when the controller 12 detects a noise signal that commonly has sharp waveform than the power AC voltage, the controller 12 may simply disregard the noise, and does not change status of the switches S1-Sn, thereby making the AC LED apparatus more resistant to noise and less flicker.
  • the AC LED apparatus may be universally adapted to different power voltages and frequencies of various regions or countries.
  • the AC LED apparatus in the embodiment may further include a current control circuit 14 electrically coupled in series with the LEDs D0-Dn.
  • the current control circuit 14 is electrically coupled between the rectified voltage Vr and the anode of the LED D0.
  • One terminal of each switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to the anode of the corresponding LED D1-Dn, and the other terminal of the switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to the ground.
  • the current control circuit 14 may be disposed at a location other than that depicted in FIG. 1A .
  • the current control circuit 14 may detect the LED current flowing in the serial-connected LEDs D0-Dn, for example, via a resistor connected in series with the LEDs D0-Dn.
  • the detected-current result may then be fed to the controller 12.
  • the controller 12 may appropriately adjust the number of turn-on LEDs or even shut down the entire sequence of the LEDs when the detected-current result indicates that the LED current exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the current control circuit 14 may be implemented by a variety of conventional current control circuits, and specific details of the current control circuit 14 are thus omitted for brevity.
  • FIG. 1E shows an AC LED apparatus with alternative configuration of the current control circuit 14 and the switches S1-Sn.
  • the current control circuit 14 is electrically coupled between the cathode of the LED Dn and the ground.
  • One terminal of each switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to the anode of the corresponding LED D1-Dn, and the other terminal of the switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to a common node C connected between the current control circuit 14 and the LED Dn.
  • one of the source/drain of the power MOS device shown in FIG. 1B is coupled to the common node C, the other of the source/drain is coupled to the anode of the corresponding LED, and the gate is controlled by the controller 12.
  • FIG. 1F shows an AC LED apparatus with alternative configuration of the current control circuit 14 and the switches S1-Sn.
  • the current control circuit 14 is electrically coupled between the cathode of the LED D0 and the ground.
  • One terminal of each switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to the cathode of the corresponding LED D1-Dn, and the other terminal of the switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to the rectified voltage Vr.
  • one of the source/drain of the power MOS device shown in FIG. 1B is coupled to the rectified voltage Vr
  • the other of the source/drain is coupled to the cathode of the corresponding LED
  • the gate is controlled by the controller 12.
  • FIG. 1G shows an AC LED apparatus with alternative configuration of the current control circuit 14 and the switches S1-Sn.
  • the current control circuit 14 is electrically coupled between the rectified voltage Vr and the anode of the LED Dn.
  • One terminal of each switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to the cathode of the corresponding LED D1-Dn, and the other terminal of the switch S1-Sn is electrically coupled to a common node D connected between the current control circuit 14 and the LED Dn.
  • one of the source/drain of the power MOS device shown in FIG. 1B is coupled to the common node D, the other of the source/drain is coupled to the cathode of the corresponding LED, and the gate is controlled by the controller 12.
  • the AC LED apparatus may further include a thermal sensor 16 that is used to detect the temperature (e.g., ambient temperature) of the LEDs D0-Dn. The detected-temperature result may then be fed to the controller 12.
  • the controller 12 may increase the number of turn-on LEDs when the detected result indicates that the LED temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, in order to compensate for the reduced LED forward voltage according to temperature effect.
  • the controller 12 may reduce the LED current via the current control circuit 14 when the detected-temperature result indicates that the LED temperature exceeds a predetermined threshold, in order to protect the LEDs from being damaged. It is worthy of noting that some or all of the controller 12, the current control circuit 14, the LEDs D0-Dn, the switches S1-Sn and the thermal sensor 16 may be enclosed in a package.
  • FIG. 2A shows an AC LED apparatus with high power efficiency according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the AC LED apparatus of the present embodiment is the same as the AC LED apparatus in FIG. 1A , except that each switch is associated with one or more LEDs (or a group of LEDs 18).
  • every three LEDs 18 are grouped with a corresponding switch. It is noted that the number of the grouped LEDs 18 need not be the same for each group.
  • FIG. 2B shows an alternative AC LED apparatus to FIG. 2A , in which some groups each contains three LEDs, while other LEDs are individually associated with corresponding switches.
  • the LEDs in FIG. 1C may be similarly grouped as in FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B .
  • the current control circuit 14 and the switches may be configured as that illustrated in FIG. 1C , FIG. 1E , FIG. 1F or FIG. 1G .
  • the amount of LEDs in each group is equal to base 2 raised to n-th power, i.e., 2 1 , 2 2 , ... 2 n , where n increases according to the order of turning on the LED groups.
  • the LED groups may be arranged in concentric circles and be turned on from the center outwards. It is appreciated that the amount of LEDs in each group and their arrangement may be specifically designed according to corresponding applications.
  • FIG. 3A shows an AC LED apparatus with high power efficiency according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the AC LED apparatus of the present embodiment is the same as the AC LED apparatus in FIG. 1A , except that the bridge rectifier 10 is succeeded by a smoothing capacitor Cs (that is coupled between the rectified voltage Vr and the ground), such that the rectified voltage Vr across the smoothing capacitor Cs has a smoothed ripple.
  • the amplitude of the rectified voltage Vr falls smoothly due to the smoothing capacitor Cs until the power AC voltage becomes greater than the rectified voltage Vr.
  • the rectified voltage Vr is never lower than a determined value.
  • FIG. 3B shows an alternative AC LED apparatus to FIG. 3A , in which the LEDs other than the beginning LEDs 19 are grouped with corresponding switches.
  • FIG. 3C further shows an alternative AC LED apparatus to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B , in which, other than the beginning LEDs 19, some are grouped with corresponding switches while others are individually associated with corresponding switches.
  • the AC LED apparatus of FIG. 1C may further include the smoothing capacitor Cs, and the LEDs in FIG. 1C may be similarly grouped as in FIG. 3A , FIG. 3B or FIG. 3C .
  • the current control circuit 14 and the switches may be configured as that illustrated in FIG. 1C , FIG. 1E , FIG. 1F or FIG. 1G .
  • FIG. 4A shows exemplary waveforms of the rectified voltage Vr with smoothed ripple and a corresponding current Ir. It is observed that the current Ir is unevenly drawn from the AC power during t1-t2 within each half-cycle, thereby resulting in low power factor. With respect to this consideration, the current I LED flowing through the LEDs are specifically controlled with current distribution approximately reversed to that of the current Ir as shown in FIG. 4A . As a result, the redistributed LED current I LED is drawn from the AC power mainly in a period other than t1-t2 within each half-cycle. Accordingly, this power-redistribution scheme may lessen the burden of peak power on a power transmission system, thereby improving power factor and usage efficiency of AC power.
  • FIG. 4B shows further exemplary waveforms of the rectified voltage Vr without smoothed ripple and a current I LED flowing through the LEDs.
  • the current I LED flowing through the LEDs may be specifically redistributed to lessen the burden of peak power on the power transmission system, thereby improving power factor and usage efficiency of AC power.
  • the AC LED apparatus is capable of accommodating failed LED itself. It is shown in FIG. 5A a Zener diode DZ that is electrically coupled in parallel with an LED but with current direction opposite to each other. In case the LED fails, the LED current will reversely flow through the Zener diode DZ, thereby bypassing the failed LED.
  • FIG. 5B shows a portion of the AC LED apparatus that is capable of detecting failed LED.
  • a difference unit 50 couples to receive two ends of a string of LEDs in order to obtain a voltage difference across the string of LEDs. The obtained voltage difference is outputted and fed to the controller 12. Based on the voltage difference, the controller 12 may detect abnormal voltage difference that indicates a failed LED or LEDs.
  • the AC LED apparatus is capable of self-calibrating lightness.
  • FIG. 6 shows a portion of an AC LED package in which a light detecting device 60 such as a photoresistor (e.g., cadmium sulfide (CdS)) is used to detect the lightness.
  • a light detecting device 60 such as a photoresistor (e.g., cadmium sulfide (CdS)) is used to detect the lightness.
  • a light detecting device 60 such as a photoresistor (e.g., cadmium sulfide (CdS))
  • CdS cadmium sulfide
  • the controller 12 may increase the number of turn-on LEDs or increase the LED current by the current control circuit 14, thereby getting back the supposed lightness.
  • a number of light detecting devices may be utilized to respectively detect lightness of LEDs with different colors, which may then be individually calibrated, thereby calibrating color temperature of the AC LED apparatus in order to compensate for the color temperature drop, for example, encountered in an aging AC LED apparatus.
  • the AC LED apparatus is capable of performing dimming or varying the lightness of the AC LED apparatus.
  • FIG. 7A shows a portion of the AC LED apparatus and
  • FIG. 7B shows some exemplary waveforms of LED current controlled by the current control circuit 14.
  • the controller 12 controls the current control circuit 14, which then controls turn-on duration of the LEDs according to pulse-width modulation (PWM) waveforms ( FIG. 7B ) having active width between fully-on and fully-off.
  • PWM pulse-width modulation

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
EP11154481A 2010-05-03 2011-02-15 Appareil à DEL CA Withdrawn EP2385748A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33061110P 2010-05-03 2010-05-03
US12/829,778 US8362711B2 (en) 2010-05-03 2010-07-02 AC LED apparatus
US201113985757A 2011-01-06 2011-01-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2385748A1 true EP2385748A1 (fr) 2011-11-09

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EP11154481A Withdrawn EP2385748A1 (fr) 2010-05-03 2011-02-15 Appareil à DEL CA

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EP (1) EP2385748A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012080890A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Circuit d'attaque linéaire destiné à réduire la scintillation lumineuse perçue
WO2012127354A1 (fr) * 2011-03-18 2012-09-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Procédé et dispositif permettant d'éclairer un espace à l'aide d'une chaîne de diodes électroluminescentes
EP2566299A3 (fr) * 2011-06-30 2013-04-03 Intematix Technology Center Corporation Module de diode électroluminescente et son procédé de fonctionnement
GB2498060A (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-07-03 Gerard Lighting Pty Ltd LED lamp with current dependent colour temperature

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020047596A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-25 Guthrie Don W. Fault tolerant led display design
US20020047593A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-25 Guthrie Don W. Enhanced trim resolution voltage-controlled dimming led driver
US20040233145A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2004-11-25 Add Microtech Corp. LED driving device
WO2006039789A1 (fr) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-20 Tir Systems Ltd. Procede et systeme de contre-reaction et de commande d'un luminaire
US7081722B1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-07-25 Kimlong Huynh Light emitting diode multiphase driver circuit and method
EP1711038A1 (fr) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-11 Gelcore LLC Signal intelligent de trafic de DEL détectant la dégradation de lumière
DE102006024607A1 (de) * 2006-05-26 2007-11-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Leuchtsystem
US20080203932A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 Ball Alan R Led control method and structure
US20080224623A1 (en) * 2007-03-12 2008-09-18 Jing Jing Yu Half-wave rectification circuit with a low-pass filter for led light strings
EP2254392A2 (fr) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-24 Advanced Connectek Inc. Module DEL CA doté d'un facteur de puissance amélioré

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020047596A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-25 Guthrie Don W. Fault tolerant led display design
US20020047593A1 (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-04-25 Guthrie Don W. Enhanced trim resolution voltage-controlled dimming led driver
US20040233145A1 (en) * 2003-05-19 2004-11-25 Add Microtech Corp. LED driving device
WO2006039789A1 (fr) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-20 Tir Systems Ltd. Procede et systeme de contre-reaction et de commande d'un luminaire
US7081722B1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-07-25 Kimlong Huynh Light emitting diode multiphase driver circuit and method
EP1711038A1 (fr) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-11 Gelcore LLC Signal intelligent de trafic de DEL détectant la dégradation de lumière
DE102006024607A1 (de) * 2006-05-26 2007-11-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Leuchtsystem
US20080203932A1 (en) * 2007-02-26 2008-08-28 Ball Alan R Led control method and structure
US20080224623A1 (en) * 2007-03-12 2008-09-18 Jing Jing Yu Half-wave rectification circuit with a low-pass filter for led light strings
US7518316B2 (en) * 2007-03-12 2009-04-14 1 Energy Solutions, Inc. Half-wave rectification circuit with a low-pass filter for LED light strings
EP2254392A2 (fr) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-24 Advanced Connectek Inc. Module DEL CA doté d'un facteur de puissance amélioré

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012080890A1 (fr) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Circuit d'attaque linéaire destiné à réduire la scintillation lumineuse perçue
US9265132B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2016-02-16 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Linear driver for reduced perceived light flicker
WO2012127354A1 (fr) * 2011-03-18 2012-09-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Procédé et dispositif permettant d'éclairer un espace à l'aide d'une chaîne de diodes électroluminescentes
US9313848B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2016-04-12 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Method and device for lighting a space using an LED string
US9820348B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2017-11-14 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Method and device for lighting a space using an LED string
EP3490342A1 (fr) * 2011-03-18 2019-05-29 Signify Holding B.V. Procédé et dispositif permettant d'éclairer un espace à l'aide d'une chaîne de diodes électroluminescentes
EP2566299A3 (fr) * 2011-06-30 2013-04-03 Intematix Technology Center Corporation Module de diode électroluminescente et son procédé de fonctionnement
US9420651B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2016-08-16 Interlight Optotech Corporation Light-emitting diode module and method for operating the same
GB2498060A (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-07-03 Gerard Lighting Pty Ltd LED lamp with current dependent colour temperature

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