EP2385321A2 - Verfahren zur Regulierung des Verbrennungsprozesses in Festbrennstoffzentralheizkesseln - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Regulierung des Verbrennungsprozesses in Festbrennstoffzentralheizkesseln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2385321A2
EP2385321A2 EP11162931A EP11162931A EP2385321A2 EP 2385321 A2 EP2385321 A2 EP 2385321A2 EP 11162931 A EP11162931 A EP 11162931A EP 11162931 A EP11162931 A EP 11162931A EP 2385321 A2 EP2385321 A2 EP 2385321A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
solid fuel
amount
combustion
air
Prior art date
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Application number
EP11162931A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2385321A3 (de
Inventor
Artur Cebula
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority claimed from PL391042A external-priority patent/PL217920B1/pl
Priority claimed from PL392118A external-priority patent/PL220947B3/pl
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2385321A2 publication Critical patent/EP2385321A2/de
Publication of EP2385321A3 publication Critical patent/EP2385321A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/10—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples
    • F23N5/102—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using thermocouples using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/04—Memory
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/19—Measuring temperature outlet temperature water heat-exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00—Fuels
    • F23N2239/02—Solid fuels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the combustion processes in solid fuel central heating boilers.
  • Known in the art are methods and systems for regulating the combustion process, whereby the heating units are equipped with air/fuel ratio automatic control systems, which operate based on a flue gas composition measurement. Depending on the amount of oxygen in the flue gas, the composition of the fuel/air mixture is adjusted so that the oxygen content in the flue gas has a fixed and preset value or so that the composition of the flue gas complies with the parameters of model mixtures.
  • Another known method is regulating the combustion efficiency depending on the mass-flow of the vapor produced or measuring other factors using infrared video cameras.
  • the description of the PL175985 B1 invention describes a method for regulating particular or all factors influencing combustion on a fire grate, in particular for burning garbage, whereby the three-dimensional fuel mass diffusion is defined for the whole of the grate or its parts by reading the fuel mass profile by means of a radar.
  • the obtained signals are used as regulatory values for determining temperature distribution, the amount of primary or secondary air as well as the rate of slag build-up on the grate.
  • the measurements obtained in the described method relate to the outer layer of the deposit.
  • Also known in the art is a device for regulating the combustion process in a solid fuel central heating boiler, equipped with an electronic system controlled by the change in resistance of the thermistor operating as a heating factor temperature sensor.
  • the air inflow to the grate is regulated stepwise and the temperature of the heating factor is kept at a required level.
  • electronic devices are used to control the process based on temperature readings of the flue gas or heating medium, the temperature of the combustion chamber as well as other additional parameters e.g.: vapor pressure coupled with protection systems for the process and executive systems regulating the inflow of the fuel mass and air into the process.
  • the method for regulating the combustion process according to the invention whereby the combustion process is regulated by changing the amount of the solid fuel and the amount of air introduced into the process on the basis of temperature measurements, while the combustion energy parameters are set at the level relevant to the type of the solid fuel and the type of the boiler, characteristic in that the heating medium temperature is measured as well as the temperature in at least one place in the bottom layer of the combustion product in the solid fuel aftercombustion zone and subsequently the temperature of the heating medium is compared to the preset temperature and the temperature deviation is converted into an impulse for changing the settings of the solid fuel and/or air inflow based on the algorithm specific for the particular boiler type, which takes into account the combustion product temperature.
  • the combustion product temperature is measured in the ash zone and the algorithm specific for the particular boiler takes into account the combustion product temperature in the ash zone and the corresponding in time combustion product temperature in the solid fuel aftercombustion zone.
  • the amount of primary air introduced into the process is measured or additionally also the amount of secondary air and subsequently the measured amount of primary air or the total amount of primary and secondary air is compared to a preset amount and then, based on the algorithm specific for the boiler type, it is converted into an impulse for changing the solid fuel/air flow whereby the algorithm takes into account a specific deviation of the amount of primary air or primary and secondary air as well as the known deviations of the heating medium temperature and the combustion product temperature or additionally also the corresponding in time temperature of the combustion product temperature in the ash zone.
  • the combustion product temperature is measured in the borderline area of the solid fuel aftercombustion zone and the ash zone.
  • the method according to the invention is based on measuring one parameter ⁇ temperature, albeit measured in places in the boiler which are significant for the process of regulating the combustion. It simplifies the measurement systems, which makes the solution more economical. Moreover, measuring the temperature in the fuel aftercombustion zone and in the ash zone combined with the information about the type of fuel makes it possible to choose precise settings for the solid fuel and/or air inflow as well as to identify problems in the combustion process and their consequences.
  • the method according to the invention is based on measuring two parameters - temperature measured in places in the boiler which are significant for the process of regulating the combustion, and the amount of air introduced into the process.
  • Information about the current amount of air introduced into the combustion chamber combined with the known amount of fuel introduced makes it possible to control the combustion conditions and thus to optimize the process which results in using less fuel and reduces the emission of harmful products.
  • An example of the method for regulating the combustion process in solid fuel central heating boilers whereby the combustion process is regulated by changing the amount of solid fuel introduced and by changing the air introduced based on temperature measurements, takes place in a boiler equipped with a grate.
  • the conditions in the boiler are defined by the variable temperature measured in its combustion chamber as well as in the heating element.
  • the status of the combustion process is dynamic and may be altered in different ways, in particular by changing the setting parameters of temperature and air inflow, energy parameters resulting from the quality and quantity of coal as well as exploitation factors connected with the impurity and wear of the boiler.
  • a model algorithm of the process is defined, taking into account the change of temperature resulting from the above-mentioned factors.
  • the solid fuel on the grate is in all combustion phases from the initial phase to ash, however, the most significant for controlling the process is the information concerning the phase preceding total incineration.
  • the temperature in this area should be considered as characteristic for the described system as it results from the calorific properties of the fuel, fuel and air inflow and the heat exchange in the system itself. Temperature measurements taken before this zone introduce an additional variable in the form of partial combustion of the fuel whereas in the case of measurements taken exclusively in the ash zone the cooling stage of the ash travelling from the aftercombustion zone to the place where the measurement is taken, remains unknown.
  • the invention is significant due to its practical and economical aspects particularly in the case of low-power boilers to be installed in residential buildings. It significantly improves the quality of combustion and eliminates the necessity to regulate the settings for fuel dosage manually.
  • the combustion energy parameters are set at the level relevant for the type of solid fuel and the type of boiler.
  • the temperature sensor T1 placed in the heating unit 2 of the boiler 1 measures temperature t mg of the heating medium, while at least one sensor C1 placed in the combustion chamber 3 of the boiler 1 in the solid fuel aftercombustion zone measures temperature t sp in at least one place in the bottom layer of the combustion product. Temperature measurement t sp of the combustion product is taken on the borderline between the solid fuel aftercombustion zone and the ash zone.
  • the temperature t p of the combustion product in the ash zone is also taken, which carries information about the calorific value of the fuel.
  • the summing/processing controller 4 coupled with the temperature sensors C1 and T1, compares temperature t mg of the heating medium with the preset temperature and converts the deviation ⁇ t mg from that temperature based on an algorithm appropriate for the given boiler taking into account the temperature t sp of the combustion product into a signal for adjusting the settings for the inflow of the solid fuel and/or air.
  • the algorithm takes into account the corresponding to each other in time temperature t p of the combustion product in the ash zone and temperature t sp of the combustion product in the solid fuel aftercombustion zone.
  • the summing/processing controller 4 depending on the settings defined by the program, sends a signal to the controller M1 of the solid fuel (e.g. coal) feeder receiver on the output side or to the controller M2 of the air inflow regulator, thus increasing or reducing the amount of fuel introduced to the combustion chamber 3 of the boiler 1 and/or changing the amount of air introduced into the system.
  • a method according to the invention is presented in more detail on the basis of a model system as shown in Fig.2 .
  • the energy parameters of the combustion are set at the level relevant for the type of solid fuel and the type of boiler.
  • the temperature sensor T1 placed in the heating unit 2 of the boiler 1 measures temperature t mg of the heating medium
  • at least one sensor C1 placed in the combustion chamber 3 of the boiler 1 in the solid fuel aftercombustion zone measures temperature t sp in at least one place in the bottom layer of the combustion product.
  • the temperature measurement t sp of the combustion product is taken on the borderline between the solid fuel aftercombustion zone and the ash zone.
  • sensor C2 additionally measures temperature t p of the combustion product in the ash zone, which carries information about the calorific value of the fuel.
  • Measuring instrument C3 measures the amount of primary air introduced into the combustion chamber 3 or, optionally, measuring instrument C4 measures the amount of secondary air introduced therein.
  • the summing/processing controller 4 is coupled with temperature sensors C1 and T1 as well as with measuring instruments of primary air C3 and secondary air C4, whereby the controller compares temperature t mg of the heating medium with the preset temperature and compares the measured amount of primary air p p or the total amount of primary air p p and secondary air p w with the preset amount and subsequently, based on the algorithm appropriate for the given boiler taking into account a relevant deviation of primary air ⁇ p p or primary and secondary air ⁇ p pw and the temperature t sp of the combustion product and the temperature deviation ⁇ t mg of the heating medium, converts into an impulse for adjusting the settings of solid fuel and/or air inflow.
  • Air regulators R1 and R2 are controlled based on the C3 and C4 measurement. These measurements are compared with a model air inflow established in laboratory conditions. On such basis the summing controller adjusts the regulators R1 and R2.
  • the purpose of this extension, in relation to the first application, is a better reconstruction of the combustion conditions in series produced boilers with good repeatability of dimensions, yet installed in different boiler-houses. The dimensions and the height of the chimney, the voltage of the power supply (which in accordance with applicable standards can vary by over +- 5%) as well as the technological spread of the blowers (different capacities and same parameters) are very significant.
  • the measurement of t sp and t p is the basis for the adjustment of the amount of fuel introduced.
  • the regulator determines the preliminary amount of fuel that should be combusted based on model data characteristic of the structure of the particular boiler established empirically by means of tests. Subsequently, such amount of fuel is combusted, while temperature T sp is simultaneously measured. If the fuel burns more quickly, T sp decreases and so more fuel is introduced, when it increases - less fuel is introduced. Information from the sensor T p is necessary in the case of bigger grates, as it allows for a more precise adjustment of fuel dosage and for maintaining the embers in the best possible position on the grate (it is especially significant in the case of bigger grates).
  • the algorithm takes into account the corresponding to each other in time temperature t p of the combustion product in the ash zone and temperature t sp of the combustion product in the solid fuel aftercombustion zone.
  • the summing/processing controller 4 sends a signal to the controller M1 of the solid fuel (e.g. coal) feeder receiver on the output side or to the controller M2 of the primary and secondary air inflow regulators R1 and R2, thus increasing or reducing the amount of fuel introduced to the combustion chamber 3 of the boiler 1 and/or changing the amount of air introduced into the process.
  • the controller M1 of the solid fuel (e.g. coal) feeder receiver on the output side or to the controller M2 of the primary and secondary air inflow regulators R1 and R2

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP11162931.7A 2010-04-22 2011-04-19 Verfahren zur Regulierung des Verbrennungsprozesses in Festbrennstoffzentralheizkesseln Withdrawn EP2385321A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL391042A PL217920B1 (pl) 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Sposób regulacji procesów spalania w kotłach centralnego ogrzewania zasilanych paliwem stałym
PL392118A PL220947B3 (pl) 2010-08-12 2010-08-12 Sposób regulacji procesów spalania w kotłach centralnego ogrzewania zasilanych paliwem stałym

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2385321A2 true EP2385321A2 (de) 2011-11-09
EP2385321A3 EP2385321A3 (de) 2014-12-17

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103486734A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 俞升洋 一种水加热器
CN103486735A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 俞群涛 一种水加热系统
CN103486733A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 俞亮亮 一种水加热装置
CN103528179A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-22 范爱苏 一种水加热器
CN103629821A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-03-12 范清 一种水加热系统
CN117029012A (zh) * 2023-08-11 2023-11-10 山东亚科环保科技有限公司 一种己内酰胺生产中废液的处理系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL175985B1 (pl) 1993-12-29 1999-03-31 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Sposób regulacji poszczególnych lub wszystkich czynników, wpływających na spalanie na ruszcie paleniskowym

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60196512A (ja) * 1984-03-19 1985-10-05 Ebara Infilco Co Ltd 廃棄物の焼却方法
DE3904272C3 (de) * 1989-02-14 1998-01-08 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zum Erfassen der von mindestens zwei räumlich getrennten Stellen mindestens einer Verbrennungszone auf einem Rost ausgehenden Strahlung und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen einer solchen Strahlung
DE10327471B3 (de) * 2003-06-18 2005-04-07 Sar Elektronic Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Feuerleistung von Verbrennungsanlagen
EP1589283B1 (de) * 2004-04-23 2006-08-16 Abb Research Ltd. Modell und Regelung eines Müllverbrennungsverfahrens
US20100083883A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-08 Neil Hofer Solid Fuel Boiler Assembly

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL175985B1 (pl) 1993-12-29 1999-03-31 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Sposób regulacji poszczególnych lub wszystkich czynników, wpływających na spalanie na ruszcie paleniskowym

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103486734A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 俞升洋 一种水加热器
CN103486735A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 俞群涛 一种水加热系统
CN103486733A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-01 俞亮亮 一种水加热装置
CN103528179A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-01-22 范爱苏 一种水加热器
CN103629821A (zh) * 2013-10-09 2014-03-12 范清 一种水加热系统
CN103486735B (zh) * 2013-10-09 2015-08-12 俞群涛 一种水加热系统
CN103486733B (zh) * 2013-10-09 2015-09-09 俞亮亮 一种水加热装置
CN103528179B (zh) * 2013-10-09 2015-11-25 徐萍 一种水加热器
CN103629821B (zh) * 2013-10-09 2016-04-13 汪清明 一种水加热系统
CN117029012A (zh) * 2023-08-11 2023-11-10 山东亚科环保科技有限公司 一种己内酰胺生产中废液的处理系统
CN117029012B (zh) * 2023-08-11 2024-03-12 山东亚科环保科技有限公司 一种己内酰胺生产中废液的处理系统

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