EP2385034A2 - Process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides Download PDF

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EP2385034A2
EP2385034A2 EP20110164806 EP11164806A EP2385034A2 EP 2385034 A2 EP2385034 A2 EP 2385034A2 EP 20110164806 EP20110164806 EP 20110164806 EP 11164806 A EP11164806 A EP 11164806A EP 2385034 A2 EP2385034 A2 EP 2385034A2
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carbon atoms
water
nitro
methyl
equiv
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EP2385034A3 (en
EP2385034B1 (en
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Juraj Ing. Rehak, PhD.
Gui Prof. Lu
Julius Ing. Durmis, PhD.
Jiang Weng
Henrich Ing. Brath
Yong-bo LI
Martin RNDr. Hutka, PhD.
Stefan RNDr. Prof. Toma
Attila Latika
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Synkola sro
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/30—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C07C233/31—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/12—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/12—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C233/13—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
    • C07C271/40—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C271/42—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C271/48—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides and opposite enantiomers thereof suitable for the preparation of cyclohexene derivatives, which are used as intermediates for the preparation of antivirals.
  • the invention further relates to 2-nitroethenylamide compounds and the process for the preparation thereof.
  • the aim of this invention is to prepare 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides and opposite enantiomers thereof by a process removing deficiencies of the above known multistep process.
  • the invention provides the process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides of general formula Ia and Ib and opposite enantiomers thereof, wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or the same as in R2, R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, R3 represents alkyl, alkylphenyl, phenylalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, by reaction of aldehyde of general formula II wherein R2 is as cited above, with 2-nitroethenylamide of general formula IIIa and/or IIIb wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or the
  • R1 is preferably H
  • R2 is preferably 1-ethylpropyl
  • R3 is preferably methyl
  • An organic catalyst is preferably a pyrrolidine derivative of general formula IV and V, wherein R5 is alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or trimethylsilyl and R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, preferably (2 S )-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine or (2 R )-2-(diphenyl[(tri-methylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine.
  • Preferred solvents comprise alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, water, or mixture of water with dichloromethane or chloroform or mixture of solution of inorganic salts, such as NaCl in water with dichloromethane or chloroform, temperature is preferably between -15 and 25 °C.
  • the invention further provides 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and IIIb wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with up to 24 carbon atoms 24 or alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, and R3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, substituted phenyl or alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms. It was found out that R1 is preferably H and R3 is preferably methyl.
  • Examples of compounds of general formula IIIa and IIIb are, inter alia: N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide, N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide, 2-methyl-N-[(E)-2-nitro-ethenyl]propanamide, 2,2-dimethyl-N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide, N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide.
  • the invention further provides the process for the preparation of 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and IIIb or mixtures thereof wherein R1 and R3 are as cited above, by reaction of 2-nitroethenylamines of general formula VIa and/or Vlb, wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, or alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, with carboxylic acids or detivatives thereof with up to 24 carbon atoms.
  • Carboxylic acid derivative is preferably acetic acid anhydride.
  • 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides of general formula la and lb are used for the preparation of cyclohexene derivatives of general formula A, B, C, D wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as cited above, and R4 represents alkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, which can be prepared in one step by a cascade reaction, and by the subsequent reduction of nitrogroup (for example by the procedure described in JOC 75, (20), 3125 (2010 ) it is possible to prepare potential inhibitors of neuraminidase of general formula E wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as cited above, and salts thereof.
  • Cyclohexene derivatives of general formula E are inhibitors of an enzyme known as neuraminidase ( J.C. Rohloff at al., J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 4545-4550 , WO 98/07685 ).
  • Aldehydes of general formula II can easily be prepared by known methods, for example according to Hayato Ishikawa, Takaki Suzuki, and Yujiro Hayashi Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1304-1307 .
  • the mixture was stirred for 8 hours at the temperature of 0 °C. After the reaction terminated, the saturated solution of NH 4 Cl (28.5 ml) was added to the reaction mixture at the temperature of 0 °C. The mixture was further stirred at this temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted 5x by chloroform, organic layers were dried over Na 2 SO 4 and filtered. The crude product was evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator.
  • Dess-Martin's reagent (2,42 g, 5,72 mmol) was added to [(2S, 3R )-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide 13 (1 g, 3.81 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml) at the temperature of 0 °C under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature. Then 1M Na 2 SO 3 (10 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The organic layer was separated and shaked with 1M solution of Na 2 CO 3 (10 ml). After separation the water layer was extracted by ethylacetate (3x10 ml).
  • Dess-Martin's reagent (1,2 g, 2,85 mmol) was added to a racemic mixture of the compounds [( 2R, 3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide and [(2S, 3S)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide 14r (0,5 g, 1,9 mmol) in 10 ml of methylene chloride at the temperature of 0 °C under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at the temperature of 0 °C. After 1 hour 0.421 g (3.236 mmol) of pent-3-yl-oxyacetaldehyde (0.2 equiv.) was added and after another hour 0.421 g (3.236 mmol) of pent-3-yloxy-acetaldehyde (90.2 equiv.) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours in total at the temperature of 0 °C. After termination of the reaction 80 ml of saturated cooled solution of NH 4 Cl was added to the reaction mixture.
  • Benzyloxyacetaldehyde (121.2 mg, 0.807 mmol) was added to the solution of N-[(Z)-2-nitro-ethenyl]acetamide (70 mg, 0.538 mmol) and (2S-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine (17.5 mg, 0.0538 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (2 ml) at room temperature. Then monochloracetic acid (10.3 mg, 0.107 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. The solution was diluted by water (10 ml) and extracted by EtOAc (3x10 ml).
  • Acetanhydride (2 equiv., 3.7 ml) was added to the solution of 2-nitroethenylamine (1.76 g, 20 mmol) in pyridine (15 equiv., 24 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C during 5 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 28 hours. The reaction mixture was added to water solution of CuSO 4 (200 ml) and the obtained mixture was extracted by ether (5x 80 ml). The organic layers were dried with Na 2 SO 4 and ether evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator.
  • 2-methylpropanoyl-2-methylpropanoate (4 equiv., 11.3 ml) was added to the solution of 2-nitro-ethenylamine (1.5 g, 17 mmol) in pyridine (15 equiv., 20 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C during 5 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The reaction mixture was added to water solution of CuSO 4 (200 ml) and the obtained mixture was extracted by ether (5x 80 ml). The organic layers were dried with Na2SO4 and ether evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator.
  • Triethylamine (3 equiv., 3.7 ml) and pivaloyl chloride (1.1 equiv., 1.64 ml) were added to the solution of 2-nitroethenylamine (1000 mg, 12 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C for 2 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature 23 hours. After termination of the reaction, silica gel (6 g) was added to the reaction mixture and the solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator.
  • Acetanhydride (4 equiv., 3.3 ml) was added to the solution of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)amine (1.5 g, 7.5 mmol) in pyridine (15 equiv., 14 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C during 5 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was added to water solution of CuSO 4 (150 ml) and the obtained mixture was extracted by ether (5x 40 ml). The joined organic layers were dried by Na 2 SO 4 , ether evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator.

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Abstract

It is disclosed a process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides of general formula Ia and Ib
Figure imga0001
 or opposite enantiomers thereof,
wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or the same as in R2, R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, and R3 represents alkyl, alkylphenyl, phenylalkyl or phenyl, substituted phenyl, alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, by the reaction of the
Figure imga0002
 with 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and/or IIIb,
Figure imga0003
 where R1, R2 and R3 are as cited above,
in the presence of organic catalysts and co-catalysts in organic solvent, water, in solution of inorganic salts in water or in the mixture of organic solvents and water or in the mixture of solutions of inorganic salts in water and organic solvents at the temperature between -20 and +50 °C.

Description

    Field of the Invention
  • The invention relates to the process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides and opposite enantiomers thereof suitable for the preparation of cyclohexene derivatives, which are used as intermediates for the preparation of antivirals. The invention further relates to 2-nitroethenylamide compounds and the process for the preparation thereof.
    • Background of the Invention
  • In literature only 1-nitro-3-pentyloxy-4-oxobutanylacetamide and the process for the preparation thereof is known, which process consists of 8 steps, as described in JOC 75,(20),3125 (2010 ), and is based on enantiomerically pure diethylester of tartaric acid according to the following scheme:
    Figure imgb0001
  • The above described process is disadvantageous due to a long 8-step path with low total yields, and the starting material is a rather expensive enantiomerically pure compound.
  • The aim of this invention is to prepare 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides and opposite enantiomers thereof by a process removing deficiencies of the above known multistep process.
    • Summary of the Invention
  • Unless otherwise specified, the below cited terms used in description of the application have the following meaning:
    • "Alkyl" means a linear saturated hydrocarbon radical or branched saturated hydrocarbon radical. Such alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, as well as isomer pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl,
    • undecyl and dodecyl.
    • "Cycloalkyl" means a cyclic hydrocarbon radical with at least three carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • The above deficiencies can be removed to a considerable extent by preparing 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides and opposite enantiomers thereof under the process according to the present invention.
  • The invention provides the process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides of general formula Ia and Ib
    Figure imgb0002
     and opposite enantiomers thereof,
    wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or the same as in R2,
    R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
    R3 represents alkyl, alkylphenyl, phenylalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
    by reaction of aldehyde of general formula II
    Figure imgb0003
     wherein R2 is as cited above,
    with 2-nitroethenylamide of general formula IIIa and/or IIIb
    Figure imgb0004
     wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or the same as in R2,
    R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
    R3 represents alkyl, alkylphenyl, phenylalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
  • in the presence of organic catalysts and co-catalysts in organic solvent, water, in solution of inorganic salts in water or in the mixture of organic solvents and water or organic solvents and solutions of inorganic salts in water at the temperature between -20 and +50 °C.
  • It was found out that R1 is preferably H, R2 is preferably 1-ethylpropyl and R3 is preferably methyl.
  • An organic catalyst is preferably a pyrrolidine derivative of general formula IV and V,
    Figure imgb0005
     wherein R5 is alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or trimethylsilyl and R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl, preferably (2S)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine or (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(tri-methylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine.
  • Carboxylic acids with 1 to 12 carbon atoms or carboxylic acids substituted with halogen, aromatic acids, phenylalkane carboxylic acids, cycloalkanecarboxylic acids with 6 to 12 carbon atoms or several other organic acids with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably monochloracetic acid, bromoacetic acid or iodoacetic acid, can be used as co-catalysts.
  • Preferred solvents comprise alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, water, or mixture of water with dichloromethane or chloroform or mixture of solution of inorganic salts, such as NaCl in water with dichloromethane or chloroform, temperature is preferably between -15 and 25 °C.
  • Examples of compounds of general formula Ia and Ib are, inter alia:
    • 2-methyl-N-[(2R, 3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide and enantiomer thereof,
    • 2-methyl-N-[(2S, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide and its enantiomer,
    • 2-methyl-N-[(2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide and enantiomer thereof,
    • 2-methyl-N-[(2S, 3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide and enantiomer thereof,
    • 2,2-dimethyl-N-[(2R, 3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide and enantiomer thereof,
    • N-[(2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamid and enantiomer thereof.
  • The invention further provides 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and IIIb
    Figure imgb0006
     wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with up to 24 carbon atoms 24 or alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, and
    R3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, substituted phenyl or alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms. It was found out that R1 is preferably H and R3 is preferably methyl.
  • Examples of compounds of general formula IIIa and IIIb are, inter alia: N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide, N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide, 2-methyl-N-[(E)-2-nitro-ethenyl]propanamide, 2,2-dimethyl-N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide, N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide.
  • The invention further provides the process for the preparation of 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and IIIb or mixtures thereof
    Figure imgb0007
     wherein R1 and R3 are as cited above,
    by reaction of 2-nitroethenylamines of general formula VIa and/or Vlb,
    Figure imgb0008
     wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, or alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
    with carboxylic acids or detivatives thereof with up to 24 carbon atoms.
    Carboxylic acid derivative is preferably acetic acid anhydride.
  • 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides of general formula la and lb are used for the preparation of cyclohexene derivatives of general formula A, B, C, D
    Figure imgb0009
    Figure imgb0010
     wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as cited above, and R4 represents alkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, which can be prepared in one step by a cascade reaction, and by the subsequent reduction of nitrogroup (for example by the procedure described in JOC 75, (20), 3125 (2010 ) it is possible to prepare potential inhibitors of neuraminidase of general formula E
    Figure imgb0011
    Figure imgb0012
     wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as cited above,
    and salts thereof.
  • Cyclohexene derivatives of general formula E, particularly (3R,4R,5S)-4-acetamide-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid ethylester and salts thereof, are inhibitors of an enzyme known as neuraminidase (J.C. Rohloff at al., J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 4545-4550 , WO 98/07685 ).
  • There are several methods for the preparation of effective inhibitors of neuraminidase based on cyclohexenecarboxylic acid esters, such as (3R, 4R, 5S)-4-acetamide-5-amino-3-(1-ethylpropoxy)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid ethylester. However, all these methods are multistep synthesises, sometimes also with relatively dangerous chemical substances, such as azides, or with substances having unpleasant smell for living and working environment, such as thiols (Hayato Ishikawa, Takaki Suzuki, and Yujiro Hayashi Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1304-1307 and literature cited in this document). Moreover, relatively expensive chemicals, such (-)-Shikimic acid or (-)-Quinic acid, are used in most of the above methods.
  • Aldehydes of general formula II can easily be prepared by known methods, for example according to Hayato Ishikawa, Takaki Suzuki, and Yujiro Hayashi Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1304-1307 .
  • Process for the preparation of the compound of general formula VIa and/or Vlb is described for example in Krowcynski A., Kozerski L., Synthesis 1983, 6, 489-491.
  • Process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides of general formula Ia and Ib is advantageous in that it consists of one step, and thus it is simple and quick, brings high yields and high enantiomer excesses of the desired diastereoisomer.
    • Examples
  • The following examples illustrate the present invention in more details, without being limitative.
  • Note: The numbered compounds with "r" represent racemic mixtures.
    • Preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides Example 1
  • Preparation of N-[(2S,3R and 2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3r) and N-[(2S,3S and 2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (4r)
  • Monochloracetic acid (0.2 equiv., 56 mg) and (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine (0.05 equiv., 48 mg) in methanol (5 ml) were added to the suspension of N - [(Z)-2-nitro-ethenyl]acetamide (3 mol, 390mg) and 1-ethylpropyloxyacetaldehyde (2 equiv., 780 mg) in methanol (10 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. After the reaction was terminated, methanol was evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and the crude product was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate-hexane=1:1). A light brown oil (778 mg, 99%) as a mixture of diastereoisomers 3r and 4r, dr: syn: anti 45:55, ee: syn: 12%, anti: 9%) was obtained.
  • syn-aldehyde (3r): 1H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9,65 (t, J = 0,6 Hz, 1 H), 6,04 (bd, J = 8,5 Hz, 1 H), 5,11-5,02 (m, 1 H), 4,58 (d, J = 6,5 Hz, 2H), 4,08 (dd, J = 0,3, 3,3 Hz, 1 H), 3,41 (pent, J = 5,8 Hz, 1 H), 1,99 (s, 3H), 1,62-1,49 (m, 4H), 0,98-0,87 (m, 6H) MS mlz [M+H+] calculated for [C11 H21 N2O5]-: 261,30; found: 261,13.
  • anti-aldehyde (4r): 1H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9,61 (d, J = 3,1 Hz, 1 H), 6,11 (bd, J = 8,8 Hz, 1 H), 4,85-4,50 (m, 3H) 3,95 (dd, J = 3,1, 8,0 Hz, 1 H), 3,27 (pent, J = 5,5 Hz, 1 H), 2,00 (s, 3H), 1,57-1,42 (m, 4H), 0,95-0,84 (m, 6H).
  • MS mlz [M+H+] calculated for [C11 H21 N2O5]-: 261,30; found: 261,13
    • Example 2
  • Preparation of 2-methyl-N-[(2S,3R and 2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide (8r) and
  • 2-methyl-N-[(2S,3S and 2R,3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propane-amid (9r)
  • Monochloracetic acid (0.4 equiv., 19 mg) and (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-methyl)pyrrolidine (0.1 equiv., 16 mg) in CHCl3 (2 ml) were added to the suspension of 2-methyl-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide (0.5 mol, 79 mg) and 1-ethylpropyloxyacetaldehyde (1.5 equiv., 130 mg) in CHCl3 (1 ml) and water (2 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 7 hours. After the reaction terminated, the saturated solution of NH4Cl (3 ml) was added and an organic chloroform layer was separated. The residue was extracted 5x by chloroform (5x1 ml). The joined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and after filtration the solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. The crude product was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate-hexane=1:1). A light brown oil 8r and 9r (140 mg, 97%: dr: syn: anti 52:48) was obtained. syn-aldehyd (8r): 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9,64 (t, J = 0,5 Hz, 1 H), 6.06 (bd, J = 8,5 Hz, 1 H), 11/05-01/05 (m, 1 h), 4.60 (d, J = 1,1 Hz, 1 H), 4.57 (d, J = 1,7 Hz, 1 H), 4.10 (dd, J = 0,3, 3,1 Hz, 1 H), 3.41 (väznia, J = 5,7 Hz, 1 H), 2.37 (trans, J = 6,7 Hz, 1 H), 1.64 a
    Figure imgb0013
    1.45 (m, 4 h), 16/01-11/01 (m, 6H), 0.98 a
    Figure imgb0014
    0.87 (m, 6H) MS: m/z [M+H+] calculated for : [C13H25N2O5] = 289,1758; found: 289,16
  • anti-aldehyd (9r): 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9,60 (d, J = 3,1 Hz, 1 H), 6.09 (bd, J = 8,7 Hz, 1 H), 4.82 (dd, J = 5,3, 13,3 Hz, 1 H), 4.76 do 4.68 (m, 1 H), 4.56 (dd, J = 3,6, 13,3 Hz, 1 H), 3.94 (dd, J = 3,1, 8,2 Hz, 1 H), 3.26 (kvint, J = 5,7 Hz , 1 H), 2,38 a
    Figure imgb0015
    2.36 (trans, J = 6,9 Hz, 1 H), 1.61-1,46 (m, 4 h), 16/1-11/1 (m, 6H), 0.94 do 0,84 (m, 6H) MS: m/z [M+H+] calculated for: [C13H25N2O5] = 289,1758; found: 289,16
    • Example 3
  • Preparation of 2-methyl-N-[(2S,3R and 2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide (8r) and
  • 2-methyl-N-[(2S,3S and 2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propane-amide (9r) in the presence of bromoacetic acid
  • The order of steps was the same as in Example 2: bromoacetic acid (0.2 equiv., 36.13 mg) dissolved in H2O (5.2 ml) and (2S)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)-oxy]methyl)-pyrrolidine (0.1 equiv., 42.32 mg) in CDCl3 (0.5 ml) were added to the suspension of 2-methyl-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide (1.3 mmol, 205.61 mg) and pent-3-yloxyacetaldehyde (1.5 equiv., 253.87 mg) in CHCl3 (4.7 ml) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred for 8 hours at the temperature of 0 °C. After the reaction terminated, the saturated solution of NH4Cl (28.5 ml) was added to the reaction mixture at the temperature of 0 °C. The mixture was further stirred at this temperature for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was extracted 5x by chloroform, organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The crude product was evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator.
  • The products 8r and 9r (85.7 %) dr: syn: anti= 1.6:1, ee: syn 70.8 %, ee anti 21.8 % were isolated from the crude product (dark green oil, 415 mg, dr: syn:anti 2.1:1) by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate-hexane=2:1)
    • Example 4
  • Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-N-[(2S,3R and 2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propanamide (11 r) and
    2,2-dimethyl-N-[(2S,3S and 2R,3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]propane-amide (11 r)
  • Monochloracetic acid (0.4 equiv., 19 mg) and (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)-oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine (0.1 equiv., 16 mg) in 2-propanol (2 ml) were added to the suspension of 2,2-dimethyl-N-(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide (0.5 mol, 86 mg) and 1-ethylpropyloxyacetaldehyde (2 equiv., 130 mg) in 2-propanol (3 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 22 hours. After the reaction terminated, 2-propanol evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and the crude product was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1 :2). A slighly brown oil (150 mg, 99%) of two diastereoisomers 11r and 12r dr: syn:anti 60:40 was obtained.
  • syn-aldehyd (11 r): 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9,63 (t, J = 0,6 Hz, 1 H), 6,28 (bd, J = 8,6 Hz, 1 H), 5,05 a
    Figure imgb0016
    4,97 (m, 1 H), 4,60 (d, J = 1,4 Hz, 1 H), 4,57 (d, J = 1,4 Hz, 1 H), 4,11 (dd, J = 0,3, 3,5 Hz, 1 H), 3,42 (kvint, J = 5,8 Hz, 1 H), 1,65 to 1,47 (m, 4H), 1,18 (s, 9H), 0,99 to 0,89 (m, 6H).MS m/z [M+H+] calculated for [C14H26N2O5]: 303,1914; found: 303,1811.
  • anti-aldehyd (12r): 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9,60 (d, J = 3,0 Hz, 1 H), 6,32 (bd, J = 8,8 Hz, 1 H), 4,81 (dd, J = 5,2, 13,1 Hz, 1 H), 4,75 a
    Figure imgb0017
    4,62 (m, 1 H), 4,56 (dd, J = 3,6, 13,1 Hz, 1 H), 3,94 (dd, J = 3,0, 8,0 Hz, 1 H), 3,26 (kvint, J = 5,5 Hz, 1 H), 1,55 to 1,41 (m, 4H), 1,17 (s, 9H), 0,94 to 0,83 (m, 6H).MS m/z [M+H+] calculated for [C14H26N2O5] 303,1914; found: 303,1811.
    • Example 5
  • Preparation of N-[(2S,3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3a) and
    N-[(2S,3S and 2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (4r)
  • Monochloracetic acid (0.4 equiv., 75 mg) and (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine (0.1 equiv., 65 mg) in CHCl3 (4 ml) were added to the suspension of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]-acetamide (2 mol, 260mg) and 1-ethylpropyloxyacetaldehyde (2) (1.5 equiv., 780 mg) in CHCl3 (8 ml) and saturated solution of NaCl (8 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 16 hours. After the reaction terminated, the saturated solution of NH4Cl (10 ml) was added and chloroform layer was separated. The residuum was extracted by chloroform (5x4ml) and joined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and filtrated. The filtrate evaporated in rotary vacuum evaporator and the residuum was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1:1). A light brown oil of the enantiomer 3a and diastereoisomer 4r (390 mg, 75 %, dr: syn: anti 76:23, ee: syn: 92 %, anti: 38 %) was obtained.
    • Example 6
  • Preparation of N-[(2S,3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3a) and
    N-[(2S,3S and 2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (4r)
  • The order of steps was the same as in Example 5.
  • Monochloracetic acid (0.2 equiv., 75 mg) and (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)-oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine (0.1 equiv., 130 mg) in CHCl3 (8 ml) were added to the suspension of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]-acetamide (4 mol, 520mg) and 1-ethylpropyloxyacetaldehyde (1.5 equiv., 780 mg) in CHCl3 (16 ml) and water (16 ml) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 5 hours. After the reaction terminated, the saturated solution of NH4Cl (20 ml) was added and chloroform layer was separated. The residuum was extracted by chloroform (5x10m) and joined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4 and filtrated. The filtrate evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and the residuum was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate-hexane=1:1). 3a and 4r in the form of a light yellow oil (920 mg, 88 %, d.r.: syn: anti 81:19, e.e.: syn: 97 %, anti: 56 %) were obtained together.
    • Example 7
  • N-[(2S, 3R and 2R,3S)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (13r)
    N-[(2S, 3S and 2R,3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (14r)
  • NaBH4 (2 equiv., 0,819 g) was added to the mixture of diastereoisomers 3r and 4r (11 mmol, 2,863 g) in CH3OH (200 ml) at room temperature and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction terminated, silica gel (4g) was added to the reaction mixture and the solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evporator. The solid residuum was chromatographed (silica gel, ethylacetate). The purification step provided a mixture of two diastereoisomers in the form of a light brown oil (2.7 g). The mixture of alcohols 13r and 14r was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1 :2). This separation provided a racemic mixture [(2R, 3S)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yl-oxy)methyl]butane-2-yl]acetamide and [(2S, 3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy) methyl]butane-2-yl]acetamide 13r (1.07 g, 37 %) and a racemic mixture [(2R, 3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]butane-2-yl]acetamide and [(2S, 3S)-4-hyd-roxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]butane-2-yl]acetamide 14r (1.28 mg, 44 %).
  • syn-alcohol (13r): 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5,95 (brd, J = 9,4 Hz, 1 H), 4,95 to 5,03 (m, 1H), 4,54 to 4,66 (m, 2H), 3,58 to 3,73 (m, 2H), 3,37 (ddd, J = 4,4, 8,1, 11,1 Hz, 1 H), 3,21 to 3,29 (m, 1 H), 3,16 (dd, J = 4,9, 9,1 Hz, 1 H), 2,07 (s, 3H), 1,35-1,56 (m, 4H), 0,83-0,91 (m, 6H),MS m/z [M+H+] calculated for [C11H22N2O5]: 263,16; found: 263,15.
  • anti-alcohol (14r): 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6,41 (brd, J = 9,5 Hz, 1 H), 4,91 (dd, J = 7,2, 14,7 Hz, 1 H), 4,56 to 4,66 (m, 2H), 3,79 (ddd, J = 3,6, 6,1, 13,1 Hz, 1 H), 3,56 to 3,64 (m, 2H), 3,24 to 3,32 (m, 1 H), 2,04 (s, 3H), 1,37 to 1,57 (m, 4H), 0,83 to 0,94 (m, 6H)MS m/z[M+H+] calculated for [C11H22N2O5]: 263,16; found: 263,15.
    • Example 8
  • Preparation of N-[(2S, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3) by oxidation of [(2S, 3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acet-amide (13)
  • Dess-Martin's reagent (2,42 g, 5,72 mmol) was added to [(2S, 3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide 13 (1 g, 3.81 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 ml) at the temperature of 0 °C under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature. Then 1M Na2SO3 (10 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The organic layer was separated and shaked with 1M solution of Na2CO3 (10 ml). After separation the water layer was extracted by ethylacetate (3x10 ml). The joined organic layers were washed with water (10 ml) and after drying with anhydrous Na2SO4 and filtration, the filtrate was evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. Following the separation by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1 :2), N-[(2S, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide 3b (853 mg, 3.27 mmol, 86 %) was obtained as a colourless oil.
    • Example 9
  • Preparation of racemic mixture of N-[(2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]-acetamide and N-[(2S, 3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (4r) by oxidation of racemic mixture of [(2R, 3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide and [(2S, 3S)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide (14r)
  • Dess-Martin's reagent (1,2 g, 2,85 mmol) was added to a racemic mixture of the compounds [(2R, 3R)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide and [(2S, 3S)-4-hydroxy-1-nitro-3-[(pentane-3-yloxy)methyl]-butane-2-yl]acetamide 14r (0,5 g, 1,9 mmol) in 10 ml of methylene chloride at the temperature of 0 °C under argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 hours at room temperature. Then 1M Na2SO3 (10 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The organic layer was separated and shaked with 1M solution of Na2CO3 (10 ml). After separation the water layer was extracted by ethylacetate (3x10 ml). The joined organic layers were washed with water (10 ml) and after drying with anhydrous Na2SO4 and filtration, the filtrate was evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. Following the chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1 :2), a racemic mixture of N-[(2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide and N-[(2S, 3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide as racemic mixture 4r (430 mg, 1.65 mmol, 86 %) was obtained as a colourless oil.
    • Example 10
  • Preparation of N-{4-[(9Z)-fluoren-9-ylidene]-1-nitro-3-(pentane-3-yl-oxy)butane-2-yl}acet-amide (16a) and (16b)
  • 9H-fluoren-9-ylidenetriphenyl-λ5-phospine (1.1 equiv., 92 mg) was added to the mixture of aldehydes 3a and 4r from Example 5 (0.2 mmol, 52 mg) in toluene (5 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at the temperature of 90 °C for 2 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After termination of the reaction, the solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. The solid residuum was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1 :3). A mixture of two stereoisomers N-{4-[(9Z)-fluoren-9-ylidene]-1-nitro-3-(pentane-3-yl-oxy)butane-2-yl}acetamide 16a and 16b was obtained in the form of light yellow crystals (68 mg, 83 %).
  • syn (16a) 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,77 7,61 (m, 4 H), 7,44-7,27 (m, 4 H), 6,42 (d, J = 9,3 Hz, 1 H), 5,95 (bd, J = 8,7 Hz, 1 H), 5,46 (dd, J = 4,1, 9,3 Hz, 1 H), 4,93 - 4,84 (m, 1 H), 4,78 (dd, J = 6,0, 12,7 Hz, 1 H), 4,71 (dd, J = 7,0, 12,7 Hz, 1 H), +4,34-4,21 (m, 1 H), 3,36 (kvint, J = 5,5 Hz, 1 H), 1,94 (s, 3H), 1,57 do 1,43 (m, 4 H), 0,91 a
    Figure imgb0018
    0,86 ( m, 6H) MS: m / z [M+Na+] calculated for: [C24H28N2O4Na] = 431,19, found: 431,18
  • anti (16b) 1 H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7,98-7,95 (m, 1 H), 7,76-7,65 (m, 3 H), 7,44-7,28 (m, 4 H), 6,45 (d, J = 8,6 Hz, 1 H), 6,21 (bd, J = 8,8 Hz, 1 H), 5,38 (dd, J = 5,9, 8,6 Hz, 1 H), 4,92 (dd, J = 6,4, 12,8 Hz, 1 H), 4,84 to 4,76 (m , 1 H), 4,66 (dd, J = 3,5, 12,8 Hz, 1 H), 4,34-4,25 (m, 1 H), 3,30 (kvint, J = 5,4 Hz, 1 H), 1,91 (s, 3H), 1,53-1,41 (m, 4 H), 0,92 to 0,82 (m, 6H), MS: m lz [M+Na+] calculated for: [C24H28N2O4Na] = 431,19; found: 431,18
    • Example 11
  • Preparation of N-[(2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3)
  • 2.317 g (17.80 mmol) of pent-3-yloxyacet-aldehyde (1.1 equiv.) was added to the suspension of 2.105 g (16.18 mmol) of N-(Z)-2-nitroethenylacetamide in 40 ml of chloroform at the temperature of 0 °C and then the solution of 0.527 g (1.618 mmol, 0.1 equiv.) of (2S)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine in 25 ml of chloroform and the solution of 0.449 g (3.236 mmol, 0.2 equiv.) of bromoacetic acid in 65 ml of water was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at the temperature of 0 °C. After 1 hour 0.421 g (3.236 mmol) of pent-3-yl-oxyacetaldehyde (0.2 equiv.) was added and after another hour 0.421 g (3.236 mmol) of pent-3-yloxy-acetaldehyde (90.2 equiv.) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours in total at the temperature of 0 °C. After termination of the reaction 80 ml of saturated cooled solution of NH4Cl was added to the reaction mixture. After thorough stirring the chloroform layer was separated in separatory funnel, the water layer was extracted by chloroform (3x50 ml) and joined organic layers were dried by anhydrous Na2SO4. After drying the solution was evaporated and the residuum was separated by chromatography (silica gel; ethylacetate:i-hexane = 1:1), thus obtaining 1.956 g (46.5 %) of (3) with 97% ee as, light yellow oil and 461 mg (11 %) of anti diastereoisomer (69 %ee ).
    • Example 12
  • Preparation of N-[(2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3b) and
    N-[(2S,3S a 2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (4r) using various catalysts
  • The reactions were performed in deuterated chloroform and conversion of the starting nitro-olefine and ratio between diastereomers from NMR measurements (300MHz) was determined in the reaction mixture, as well as enentiomeric excess of diastereoisomers after derivatization of the reaction mixture according to the procedure described in Example 8.
  • General procedure:
    The co-catalyst (6, 6a-6k, see below) (0.2 equiv.) was dissolved in water and the catalyst (2S)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine dissolved in CDCl3 was added to the suspension of 2-nitroethenylacetamide (0.25 mmol) and pent-3-yloxyacetaldehyde (1.5 equiv.) in 0.75 ml of CDCl3, and the mixture was stirred at the temperature of 0 °C for 2 hours. After termination, a sample was taken directly from the reaction mixture for NMR determination of conversion and dr. The obtained crude products were further derivatized according to Example 10 in order
    to determine the enantiomeric excess. The results are summarized in the table below:
    Input Co-catalyst Conversion in % dr syn/anti ee syn % ee anti % Note
    1 6b 97 1.7:1 - - 0.2 equiv. of co-catalyst, cooling to -10 °C
    2 6c 90 2.3:1 - - 0.2 equiv. of co-catalyst
    3 6c 92 2.5:1 90 86 0.3 equiv. of co-catalyst, 2 equiv. of aldehyde, 22 hours
    4 6 97 4.3:1 95.2 76.6
    5 6a 97 3.8:1 96.6 68.2
    6 6d 94 3.6:1 98.4 76.6
    7 6e 98 4:1 97 77
    8 6f 60 4.7:1 89.7 78.7
    9 6g 90 3:1 - -
    10 6h 69 3.2:1 90.4 65.2
    11 6i 95 4.1:1 95 57.6 Added 0.5 equiv. excess of aldehyde
    12 6 99.6 4.6:1 97 66 Added 0.5 equiv. excess of aldehyde
    13 6a 94 4.6:1 96.2 69.6 Added 0.5 equiv. excess of aldehyde
    14 6d 99.8 3.2:1 96.8 69.6 Added 0.5 equiv. excess of aldehyde
    15 6k 48 5.9:1 90.1 84.6 Reaction time 1 hour
    16 6e 82.3 4.7:1 90.4 93.4 0.25 equiv. of co-catalyst, reaction time 1 hour
    17 6 99 3.7:1 95.8 66.1 0.3 equiv. of co-catalyst, reaction time 1 hour
    18 6 92.5 4.5:1 96.5 80.8 Reaction time 7 hours1
    19 6 43 4.1:1 97 89 Reaction time 22 hours2
    20 6a 95 5.1:1 96.5 60.1 Reaction time 4 hours3
    21 6a 96.2 5.2:1 96.2 58.2 Reaction time 4 hours4
    22 6a 92.7 5.4:1 96.9 59.9 Reaction time 4 hours5
    23 6j 72 3:1 90 69 Solvent CDCl3: H2O reaction time 24hours
    24 6c 65 2.9:1 89.5 69.7 Solvent CDCl3, -5 °C, 3 hours6
    25 6 61 5.9:1 95.9 75.6 Solvent CDCl3, -5 °C, 3 hours6
    1aldehydes 2.75 equiv., catalyst 0.2 equiv., co-catalyst 0.505 equiv., H2O : CDCl3 = 1 :1.5ml, 0°C
    2aldehyde 0.3 equiv., co-catalyst 0.3 equiv., anhydrous
    3aldehyde 1.86 equiv., co-catalyst 0.1 equiv., H2O 0.82 ml, CDCl3 0.51 ml
    4aldehyde 1.92 equiv., co-catalyst 0.086 equiv., H2O 0.87 ml, CDCl3 0,47 ml
    5aldehyde 1.98 equiv., co-catalyst 0.071 equiv., catalyst 0.07 equiv., H2O 0.91 ml,
    CDCl3 0.44 ml
    6aldehyde 2 equiv., co-catalyst 0.3 equiv.
    6 - monochloracetic acid
    6a - bromoacetic acid
    6b - acetic acid
    6c - benzoic acid
    6d - iodoacetic acid
    6e - mandelic acid
    6f - 1-bromophenylacetic acid
    6g - phenylacetic acid
    6h - 4-bromophenylacetic acid
    6i - fluoroacetic acid
    6j - 2-chloropropionic acid
    6k - 4-chloromandelic acid
    • Example 13
  • Preparation of N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(2R,3S and 2S,3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (18r) and
    N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(2R,3R and 2S.3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)-butane-2-yl]acetamide (19r)
  • 500 mg (2 mmol) of N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[ (E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide and then 390 mg (3 mmol) of 2-(pentane-3-yloxy)acet-aldehyde was added to the solution of 260 mg (0.8 mmol) of (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)-oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine in chloroform (8ml) at the temperature of 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 90 hours at room temperature, then it was directly evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and chromatographed (silica gel, hexane:ethylacetate = 2:1). 400 mg (53 %) of light oil as a mixture of two diastereoisomers 18r, 19r (dr = 1:1.1. ee% = 53 % and 41 %) was obtained.
  • (18r, 19r): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, in two isomers, 56H): δ 0,72-0,88 (m, 12H), 1,26-1,55 (m, 8H), 2,20 (s, 3H), 2,21 (s, 3H), 3,01 to 3,09 (m, 1 H), 3,15-3,23 (m, 1 H), 3,81 (s, 6H), 3,90 to 3,93 (m, 1 H), 4,25 to 4,64 (m, 5H), 4,76 to 4,84 (m, 5H), 4,94 to 5,01 (m, 1 H), 6,89 to 6,93 (m, 4H), 7,12 to 7,19 (m, 4H), 9,15 (d, J = 3,3 Hz, 1 H), 9,51 (d , 3,0 Hz, 1 H), MS: m /z [M+H+] calculated for: [C19H28N2O6] 381,20; found 381,19
    • Example 14
  • Preparation of N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(2R,3S a 2S,3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (18r) and N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(2R,3R a 2S.3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (19r)
  • Chloroform (4 ml), N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide (250 mg, 1 mmol), 2-(pentane-3-yloxy)acetaldehyde (195 mg, 1.5 mmol) and monochloracetic acid (38 mg, 0.4mmol) were added to (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine (130 mg, 0.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 120 hours at room temperature. Then it was directly evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and chromatographed on silica gel (hexane:ethylacetate = 2:1). 95 mg (25 %) of light oil as a mixture of two diastereoisomers 18r, 19r (dr = 1:1.2. ee = 80% a 87 %) was obtained.
    • Example 15
  • Preparation of N-[(2S,3R and 2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-1-nitro-4-oxobutane-2-yl]acetamide (21 r) and N-[(2R,3R and 2S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-1-nitro-4-oxobutane-2-yl]acetamide (22r)
  • Benzyloxyacetaldehyde (121.2 mg, 0.807 mmol) was added to the solution of N-[(Z)-2-nitro-ethenyl]acetamide (70 mg, 0.538 mmol) and (2S-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine (17.5 mg, 0.0538 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (2 ml) at room temperature. Then monochloracetic acid (10.3 mg, 0.107 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. The solution was diluted by water (10 ml) and extracted by EtOAc (3x10 ml). The joined organic layers were washed by saturated solution of NaCl and dried by anhydrous Na2SO4. Following the chromatography (silica gel, EtOAc:n-hexane=1:3 to 1:1) the final product as a light orange oil corresponding to the mixture of diastereoisomers 21r and 22r (112 mg, 74 %) was obtained.
  • (21r, 22r): 1 HNMR: (300 MHz, CDCl3, TMS): δ = 9,60 (s, 1 H), 9,56 (d, J = 2,5, 1 H), 7,36 (m, 5H), 6,02 (m, 1 H), 4,80 (d, J = 11,3, 1 H), 4,71 (dd, J = 6,7, J = 8,6, 1 H), 4,56 (m, 2H), 4,50 (m, 1 H), 4,15 (m, 1 H), 1,94 (d, J = 8,9, 3H). MS: m / z [M+H+] calculated for [C13H16N2O5 +]: 281,11 ; found: 281,10.
    • Example 16
  • Preparation of N-[(2S,3R and 2R,3S)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3r) and
    N-[(2S,3S and 2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (4r) using (2S)-2-(metoxymethyl)pyrrolidine as a catalyst
  • Monochloracetic acid (0.4 equiv., 19 mg) and (2S)-2-(metoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (0.1 equiv., 6 mg) in CHCl3 (1 ml) were added to the suspension of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide (0.5 mmol, 65 mg), and then 1-ethylpropyloxyacetaldehyde (1.5 equiv., 130 mg) in the mixture of CHCl3 (2 ml) and water (2 ml) was added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. After the reaction terminated, the saturated solution of NH4Cl (3 ml) was added and chloroform layer was separated. The water layers was extracted by chloroform (5x2ml). The joined organic layers were dried by anhydrous Na2SO4 and after filtration the filtrate was evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. The crude product was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1:1). A ligh brown oil as a mixture of diastereoisomers 3r and 4r (40 mg, 30 %, dr: syn:anti 81:19, ee: syn: 46 %, anti: 65 %) was obtained.
    • Example 17
  • Preparation of N-[(2S,3R and 2R,3S )-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (3r) and
    N-[(2S,3S and 2R, 3R)-1-nitro-4-oxo-3-(pentane-3-yloxy)butane-2-yl]acetamide (4r) using (2S)-2-(metoxydiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine as a catalyst
  • Monochloracetic acid (0.4 equiv., 19 mg) and (2S)-2-(metoxydiphenylmethyl)-pyrrolidine (0.1 equiv., 13 mg) in CHCl3 (1 ml) were added to the suspension of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide (0.5 mol, 65 mg) and then 1-ethylpropyloxyacetaldehyde (1.5 equiv., 130 mg) in the mixture of CHCl3 and water (1:1) (4 ml) was added at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After the reaction terminated, the saturated solution of NH4Cl (3 ml) was added and chloroform layer was separated. The water layer was extracted by chloroformom (5x1ml). The joined organic layers were dried by anhydrous Na2SO4 and after filtration the filtrate was evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. The crude product was separated by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1:1). A light brown oil as a mixture of diastereoizomers 3r and 4r, 100 mg, 76 %, dr: syn:anti 70:30, ee: syn: 86 %, anti: 77 %) was obtained.
    • Preparation of 2-nitroethenylamides Example 18
  • Preparation of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide
  • Acetanhydride (2 equiv., 3.7 ml) was added to the solution of 2-nitroethenylamine (1.76 g, 20 mmol) in pyridine (15 equiv., 24 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C during 5 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 28 hours. The reaction mixture was added to water solution of CuSO4 (200 ml) and the obtained mixture was extracted by ether (5x 80 ml). The organic layers were dried with Na2SO4 and ether evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. Following the chromatography(silicagel,ethylacetate:hexane=1:1) N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide (2216 mg, 85.24 %) in the form of white crystals was obtained.
    MP (melting point) = 117-119 °C
  • 1H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10,6 to 10,2 (bs, 1 H), 7,59 (dd, J = 7,0, 12,3 Hz, 1 H), 6,61 (d, J = 6,7 Hz, 1 H), 2,28 (s, 3H) MS: mlz [M+H+] calculated for: [C4H7N2O3] = 131,11; found: 131,04
    • Example 19
  • Preparation of 2-methyl-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide
  • 2-methylpropanoyl-2-methylpropanoate (4 equiv., 11.3 ml) was added to the solution of 2-nitro-ethenylamine (1.5 g, 17 mmol) in pyridine (15 equiv., 20 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C during 5 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. The reaction mixture was added to water solution of CuSO4 (200 ml) and the obtained mixture was extracted by ether (5x 80 ml). The organic layers were dried with Na2SO4 and ether evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. Following the chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1:1) 2-methyl-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide (2330mg, 86 %) in the form of ligh crystals with MP 92-94 °C was obtained.
    1H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8,40 (dd, J = 11,1, 12,1 Hz, 1H), 7,72 to 7,55 (bs, 1 H), 7,42 (d, J = 12,1 Hz, 1 H), 2,56 (trans J = 6,9 Hz, 1 H), 1,25 (d, J = 6,9 Hz, 1 H), MS: m/z [M+H-] calculated for: [C6H11N2O3] = 157,06; found: 157,05
    • Example 20
  • Preparation of 2,2-dimethyl-N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide
  • Triethylamine (3 equiv., 3.7 ml) and pivaloyl chloride (1.1 equiv., 1.64 ml) were added to the solution of 2-nitroethenylamine (1000 mg, 12 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C for 2 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature 23 hours. After termination of the reaction, silica gel (6 g) was added to the reaction mixture and the solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. The obtained solid residuum was chromatographed (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1:4), thus obtaining 2,2-dimethyl-N-[(Z,E)-2-nitroethenyl]propanamide (1510 mg, 73 %) as a light yellow oil.
  • 1H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) (Z: E = 2:1), δ 10,95 to 10,75 (bs, 1 H, (Z)), 8,41 (dd, J = 10,9, 12,1 Hz, 1 H, (E)), 7,82 to 7,72 (bs, 1 H, (E)), 7,63 (dd, J = 6,8 a 11,9 Hz, 1 H, ( Z)), 7,45 (d, J = 12,1 Hz, 1 H, (E)), 6,64 (d, J = 6,8 Hz, 1 H, (Z)), 1,32 (s, 9H, (Z)), 1,29 (s , 9H, (E)), MS: mlz [M-H-] calculated for: [C7H13N2O3] = 171,07; found: 171,07
    • Example 21
  • Preparation of N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)acetamide
  • Acetanhydride (4 equiv., 3.3 ml) was added to the solution of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)amine (1.5 g, 7.5 mmol) in pyridine (15 equiv., 14 ml) at the temperature of 0 - 5 °C during 5 min. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was added to water solution of CuSO4 (150 ml) and the obtained mixture was extracted by ether (5x 40 ml). The joined organic layers were dried by Na2SO4, ether evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator. Following the chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1 :3), N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)acetamide (1155 mg, 91 %) in the form of a light yellow oil was obtained.
  • 1H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8,75 to 8,55 (bd, 1 H), 6,93 (d, J = 11,8 Hz, 1 H), 5,79 to 5,67 (m, 1 H), 5,31 (td, J = 1,4, 10,5 Hz, 1 H), 5,21 to 5,15 (m, 1 H), 4,27 to 4,24 (m, 2H), 2,42 (s, 3H)
    • Example 22
  • Preparation of N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)amine
  • Alylamine (2 equiv., 1750 mg) was added to the solution of 2-nitroethenyl-N-methylaniline (2500 mg, 15.3 mmol) in CHCl3 (50 ml) at the temperature of 5 °C. The mixture was left in refrigerator overnight. Then the solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and the residuum was chromatographed (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=1 :3). N-[(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]-N-(prop-2-en-1-yl)amine (960 mg, 59 %) in the form of a light yellow oil was obtained.
  • 1H NMR, (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9,3 to 8,9 (bd, 1 H), 6,71 (dd, J = 5,8, 13,9 Hz, 1 H), 6,49 (d, J = 5,8 Hz, 1 H), 5,89 (tdd, J = 5,4, 10,1, 17,1 Hz, 1 H), 5,34 to 5,27 (m, 2H), 3,96 (tt, J =1,5, 5,5 Hz, 2H)
    • Example 23
  • Preparation of [(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl][(Z)-2-nitroethenyl]amine
  • 4-metoxybenzylamine (1715 mg, 12,5 mmol) was added to the solution of 890 mg (5 mmol) of N-methyl-N-(2-nitroethenyl)aniline in 40 ml of chloroform. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and the residuum was chromatographed (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=2:3). 760mg of N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide in the form of a light yellow solid was obtained.
  • 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 3,80 (s, 3H), 4,46 (d, 2H, J = 5,6 Hz) , 6,47 (d, 1 H, J = 5,9Hz), 6,76 (dd, 1 H, J = 13,9 Hz, 5,9 Hz), 6,89 to 6,94 (m, 2H), 7,17-7,22 (m, 2H), 9,28 (bs, 1 H), MS: m/z [M+H+] calculated for C10H12N2O3 = 209,09; found: 209,08.
    • Example 24
  • N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]acetamide
  • 2350 mg (23 mmol) of acetanhydride was added to [(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl][(E)-2-nitroethenyl]amine (19.2 mmol, 4000 mg) dissolved in 70 ml of pyridine at the temperature of 0 °C during 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Then this mixture was poured into water (500 ml) and the mixture was extracted by 3 x 100 ml ethylacetate. The joined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, the solvent evaporated in the rotary vacuum evaporator and the residuum (4.25 g) was purified by chromatography (silica gel, ethylacetate:hexane=2:3). 4000 mg N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl] acetamide as a yellow solid was obtained.
  • 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 2,48 (s, 3H), 3,80 (s, 3H) , 4,79 (s, 2H), 6,87 - 6,91 (m, 3 h), 7,06-7,11 (m, 2H), 8,66 (bs, 1 H). Calculated for C12Hl4N2O4: 57,59 % C, 5,64 % H, 11,19 % N; found: 57,83 % C, 5,74 % N,11,43 % N
    • Example 25
  • Preparation of (Z)-N-benzyl-N-(2-nitrovinyl)acetamide
  • Dimethylaminopyridine (6 mmol), triethylamine (30 mmol) and acetanhydride (36 mmol) were added to the suspension of 2-nitroethenylbenzylamine (30mmol) in CH2Cl2 (100 ml) at the temperature of 0 °C. Then the reaction mixture was left to be spontaneously heated to the room temperature and stirred for 3 hours. Water was added to the reaction mixture and the organic layer was separated. The water layer was extracted by CH2Cl2. The joined organic layers were washed by saturated solution of NaCl and dried over Na2SO4. After evaporation of the solvent in the vacuum, the residuum was purified by chromatography on silica gel, thus obtaining (Z)-N-benzyl-N-(2-nitrovinyl)acetamid (74 %) as a yellow solid.
  • 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8,68 (br, 1 H), 7,18 to 7,38 (m, 5 H), 6,84 (d, J = 11,6 Hz, 1 H), 4,86 (s, 2 H), 2,49 (s, 3H).
    • Examples 26-29
  • The following 2-nitroalkenyl-amines were prepared by the procedure analogous to that described in Example 25:
    • (Z)-N-(4-metoxyphenyl)-N-(2-nitrovinyl)acetamide, yellow powder (76 %), 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 9,04 (d, J= 11,6 Hz, 1 H), 7,07 (d, J= 8,8 Hz, 2 H), 6,98 (d, J = 8,8 Hz, 2 H), 6,22 (d, J = 11,6 Hz, 1 H), 3,80 (s, 3 H), 1,94 (s, 3H), ESI-MS: m/z (M+H)+, 237 .
    • (E)-N-(4-metoxybenzyl)-N-(2-nitrovinyl)benzamide, yellow powder (43 %), 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8,54 (d, J = 12 Hz, 1 H), 7,57 (m, 5 H), 7,19 (d, J = 8,8 Hz, 2 H), 6,90 (m, 3 H), 4,94 (s, 2 H), 3,80 (s, 3H), 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 177,4, 159,5, 141,5, 132,4, 132,1, 129,1, 128,6, 128,2, 126,0, 122,8, 114,7, 55,3, 48,4, MS (EI): m/z calculated for [C17H16N2O4]+: 312,11; found: 312,11.
  • phenyl-N-[(4-metoxyphenyl)methyl]-N-[(E)-2-nitroethenylcarbamate, yellow oil (80 %)
  • 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8,77 (d, J = 12 Hz 1 H), 7,33 (m, 5 H), 6,87 (d, J = 12 Hz,1 H), 6,80 (m, 2 H), 5,29 (s, 2H), 4,67 (s, 2 H), 3,70 (s, 3 H), 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 159,5, 153,1, 140,4, 134,7, 129,0, 128,8, 128,6, 128,2, 126,2, 123,1, 114,5, 70,0, 53,5, 49,2, MS (EI): mlz calculated for [C18H18N2O5]+: 342,12; found: 342,12.
    • (E)-terc-butyl 4-metoxybenzyl(2-nitrovinyl)carbamate, yellow oil (85 %)
  • 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8,77 (d, J= 12 Hz 1 H), 7,10 (m, 2H), 6,82 a
    Figure imgb0019
    6,89 (m, 5H), 4,69 (s, 2 H), 3,78 (s, 3 H), 1,55 (s, 9 H), 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 159,3, 151,5, 140,8, 127,9, 126,5, 121,2, 114,4, 85,1, 55,3, 48,8, 27,9,MS (EI): m/z calculated for [C15H20N2O5]+: 308,14; found: 308,14.
    • Example 30
  • The compounds 34 to 36 (see below) were synthetized by an analogous procedure according to the literature ( Synthesis 1982, 4, 260-261, Synthesis 1983, 6, 489-91)
    • (34): (Z)-4-metoxy-N-(2-nitrovinyl)aniline, light yellow powder (62 %), 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 10,70 (br, 1 H), 7,11 (dd, J = 6,0, 13,6 Hz, 1 H), 7,01 (d, J= 8,8 Hz, 2H), 6,86 (dd, J = 8,8 Hz, 2 H), 6,56 (d, J = 6 Hz, 1 H), 3,8 (s, 3H), ESI-MS: m/z 195 (M+H)+, m/z 217 (M+Na)+,
    • (35): (Z)-N-benzyl-2-nitroethenylamine, yellow oil (53 %),1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 9,31 (br, 1 H), 7,26-7,42 (m, 5 H), 6,78 (m, 1 H), 6,48 (d, J = 5,2 Hz, 1 H), 4,53 (d, J= 5,6 Hz, 2 H), ESI-MS: m/z 179 (M+H)+,
    • (36): (Z)-N,N-dibenzyl-2-nitroethenylamine, yellow oil (68 %), 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 8,43 (d, J = 11,2 Hz, 1 H), 7,15 - 7,37 (m, 10 H), 6,80 (d, J = 11,2 Hz, 1 H), 4,48 (s, 2 H), 4,24 (s, 2 H), 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 149,6, 128,2, 127,0, 126,2, 112,9, 59,0, 51,2, ESI-MS: m/z 269 (M+H)+

Claims (11)

  1. Process for the preparation of 1-nitro-4-oxobutanylamides of general formula la and lb
    Figure imgb0020
     or opposite enantiomers thereof,
    wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or the same as in R2, R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, and R3 represents alkyl, alkylphenyl, phenylalkyl or phenyl, substituted phenyl, alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
    characterized in that aldehydes of general formula II,
    Figure imgb0021
     wherein R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, reacts with 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and/or IIIb,
    Figure imgb0022
     wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or the same as in R2, R2 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, R3 represents alkyl, alkylphenyl, phenylalkyl or phenyl, substituted phenyl, alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
    in the presence of organic catalysts and co-catalysts in organic solvent, water, in solution of inorganic salts in water or in the mixture of organic solvents and water or in the mixture of solutions of inorganic salts in water and organic solvents at the temperature between -20 and +50 °C.
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic catalyst is a pyrrolidine derivative of general formula IV and V,
    Figure imgb0023
     wherein R6 is phenyl or substituted phenyl with up to 12 carbon atoms, and R5 is alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or trimethylsilyl.
  3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the organic catalyst is (2S)-2-(diphenyl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine or (2R)-2-(diphenyl[(tri-methylsilyl)oxy]methyl)pyrrolidine.
  4. Process according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the co-catalysts are carboxylic acids with 1 to 12 carbon atoms or carboxylic acids substituted with halogen, aromatic acids, phenylalkane carboxylic acids, cycloalkanecarboxylic acids with 6 to 12 carbon atoms or several other organic acids with 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  5. Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the co-catalyst is monochloracetic acid, bromoacetic acid or iodoacetic acid.
  6. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the solvents are organic solvents, water, water with inorganic salts or mixtures of organic solvents with water or with solution of inorganic salts in water.
  7. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the solvents are alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, water, mixture of water with dichloromethane or chloroform or solution of inorganic salts in water with dichloromethane or chloroform.
  8. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature is between -15 and 25 °C.
  9. 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and IIIb
    Figure imgb0024
     wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with a number of carbon atoms up to 24, or alkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, and R3 represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, or alkylphenyl, substituted phenyl, alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms.
  10. Compounds according to claim 9, characterized in that R1 is H and R3 is methyl.
  11. Process for the preparation of 2-nitroethenylamides of general formula IIIa and IIIb according to claim 9,
    Figure imgb0025
     or mixtures thereof,
    wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with up to 24 carbon atoms, R3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or alkylphenyl, substituted phenyl, alkoxyphenylalkyl with up to 24 carbon atoms,
    characterized in that 2-nitroethenylamine of general formula VIa and/or Vib,
    Figure imgb0026
     wherein R1 is H, alyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl with 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
    reacts with corresponding carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
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