EP2381527A1 - Ensemble d'antenne avec agencement de plan de base étendu électriquement et procédé associé - Google Patents

Ensemble d'antenne avec agencement de plan de base étendu électriquement et procédé associé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2381527A1
EP2381527A1 EP10160785A EP10160785A EP2381527A1 EP 2381527 A1 EP2381527 A1 EP 2381527A1 EP 10160785 A EP10160785 A EP 10160785A EP 10160785 A EP10160785 A EP 10160785A EP 2381527 A1 EP2381527 A1 EP 2381527A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ground plane
antenna assembly
conductive member
antenna
loop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10160785A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2381527B1 (fr
Inventor
Shirook M. Ali
James Paul Warden
Kelce Steven Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BlackBerry Ltd
Original Assignee
Research in Motion Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Research in Motion Ltd filed Critical Research in Motion Ltd
Priority to EP10160785.1A priority Critical patent/EP2381527B1/fr
Publication of EP2381527A1 publication Critical patent/EP2381527A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2381527B1 publication Critical patent/EP2381527B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises

Definitions

  • the present patent disclosure generally relates to antenna assemblies. More particularly, and not by way of any limitation, the present patent disclosure is directed to an antenna assembly with an electrically/virtually extended ground plane arrangement and associated method, the antenna assembly being operable for a wireless communications device or other RF equipment.
  • a known challenge in antenna design is the balance between the size of the ground plane and the antenna performance. While it is known that there may be optimal dimensions for a ground plane in order to achieve the best antenna performance, such dimensions are not always feasible due to the physical constraints of the device itself as well as potential negative impact on the device aesthetics.
  • Some techniques have been presented to control the ground plane wavemodes in order to achieve improved performance, wherein one or more transversal slots on the ground plane are provided. However, such techniques are known to cause undesirable electromagnetic interference issues in addition to being impractical from the standpoint of the ground plane PCB manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a conventional antenna assembly with a physical ground plane, typically configured to operate in a wireless user equipment (UE) device;
  • UE wireless user equipment
  • FIG. 2A depicts an example embodiment of an antenna assembly having an electrically/virtually extended ground plane according to the present patent application
  • FIGS. 2B-2H several alternative embodiments of an antenna assembly having an electrically/virtually extended ground plane according to the present patent application
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example method of the present patent application.
  • FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of an example mobile communications device according to one embodiment of the present patent application.
  • an antenna assembly includes at least one antenna element and a ground plane coupled thereto.
  • an embodiment of an antenna assembly for use with a mobile communications device is disclosed.
  • the claimed antenna assembly embodiment comprises: at least one radiation element having an operating frequency; a ground plane coupled to the at least one radiation element; and at least one conductive member electrically coupled to the ground plane such that the at least one conductive member forms a loop spaced from the ground plane by a distance that is less than a predetermined fraction of one wavelength of the operating frequency, wherein the predetermined frequency is in a range between 0.01 and 0.25 and the conductive member is electrically coupled to the ground plane at one or more separated locations.
  • an embodiment of a wireless UE device comprises a transceiver circuit adapted to effectuate radio frequency (RF) communications in an operating frequency; and an antenna assembly coupled to the transceiver circuit, wherein the antenna assembly includes a ground plane that is electrically extended by virtue of at least one conductive element coupled thereto at one or more locations.
  • the at least one conductive element is spaced from the ground plane by a distance that is less than a predetermined fraction of one wavelength of the operating frequency and forms at least one closed conductive loop with the ground plane, wherein the predetermined frequency is in a range between 0.01 and 0.25.
  • an embodiment of a method for assembling an antenna assembly having at least one radiation element with an operating frequency comprises: obtaining a ground plane; and electrically coupling at least one conductive member to the ground plane such that the at least one conductive member forms a loop with the ground plane having a minimum distance that is less than a predetermined fraction of one wavelength of the operating frequency, wherein the predetermined frequency is in a range between 0.01 and 0.25.
  • the conductive member(s) is/are physically connected at one or more connection points to the ground plane such that the member becomes an electrically extended part of the ground plane.
  • FIG. 1 depicted therein is a perspective view of a conventional antenna assembly 100 with a physical ground plane 104, typically configured to operate in a wireless user equipment (UE) device (not shown).
  • UE wireless user equipment
  • Ground plane 104 may be generally provided as a printed circuit board (PCB) having a radio frequency (RF) shield, and is dimensioned to have a form factor that is compatible with a housing of the UE device. As such, the dimensioning of the physical ground plane is a result of balancing the desired electrical characteristics and the space constraints of the device itself, and is accordingly fixed at predetermined measurements and shape.
  • An antenna module 102 having one or more radiation elements is electrically coupled to the ground plane 104 by way of one or more feed points 106 and one or more ground connectors 108. As an example, a first radiation element 110A, a second radiation element 110B and a third radiation element 110C are illustrated.
  • FIG. 2A depicts an example embodiment of an antenna assembly 200A according to the present patent application, wherein a physical ground plane 202 is electrically (i.e., virtually) extended to achieve improved electrical characteristics while conforming to the form factor requirements of a UE device housing 201.
  • Ground plane 202 may comprise a PCB substrate having a suitable RF shield, to which an antenna module or a radiation element 204 may be electrically coupled by way of one or more feed points and ground connectors (not shown).
  • the PCB substrate may be substantially rectangular, square, or any other shape, without limitation, and may be dimensioned to be housed in the housing 201 having any known or heretofore unknown form factors, e.g., rectangular, clam shell, flip phone, slide-out, foldable, morphable, etc.
  • ground plane 202 may have a length of 100mm and a width of 50mm and the device housing 201 may have a height or thickness of H.
  • Antenna module (or simply, radiation element) 204 is illustrative of any known or heretofore unknown antenna implementation with one or more radiation elements.
  • Each radiation element 204 may be adapted to operate in a certain frequency band (i.e., operating frequency or wavelength) depending on the radio access technologies of the communications networks such as, without limitation, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) networks, Integrated Digital Enhanced Networks (IDEN), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, any 2nd- 2.5-3rd- or subsequent Generation networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, or wireless networks employing standards such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards, like IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n standards or other related standards such as HiperLan standard, HiperLan II standard, Wi-Max standard, OpenAir standard, and Bluetooth standard, as well as any satellite-based communications technology such as GPS.
  • GSM Global System for
  • an operating frequency of the antenna module 204 may range, for example, from about 600-900MHz to 1800MGz for GSM to LTE bands from 2.OGHz to 2.8GHz.
  • the radiation elements of the antenna module 204 may comprise any known or heretofore unknown elements such as, e.g., a patch antenna, an inverted F antenna (IFA) strip, a modified inverted F antenna (MIFA) strip, a planar inverted F antenna (PTFA) strip, and the like, in any shape, size and form factor.
  • At least one conductive member is electrically coupled to the ground plane 202 at one or more contact points such that the at least one conductive member forms a loop that is spaced from the ground plane 202 by a distance (h) in a substantially vertical direction that is less than a predetermined fraction of at least one wavelength of an operating frequency associated with the antenna module 204.
  • the member is physically/electrically connected and coupled to the main ground plane 202 at one or more separated locations that operate as connection points. Because of the physical principles employed in designing the spacing in accordance herewith, areas defined by the conductive member(s) operate, for purposes of reception and transmission of the operating RF signals, as an extended ground coupled to the physical ground plane 202. Thus, a "virtual" extension of the physical ground plane 202 is electrically effectuated that gives rise to improved antenna performance characteristics as will be set forth below.
  • the wave physics of the RF signals requires that the spacing between the conductive member loop(s) and the physical ground plane 202 be at least no greater than one wavelength for creating an effective electrical extension of the physical plane.
  • the spacing distance (h) is then equal to or less than ⁇ * ⁇ where ⁇ a factor in the range of from approximately 0.01 up to a fraction of the wavelength ⁇ or a multiple thereof, with the additional condition that the spacing distance must also be such that it is less than the height (H) of the device housing 201.
  • the conductive member(s) may be metallic or non-metallic filaments or wires in a number of gauges (i.e., diameters).
  • Metallic conductive members may be comprised of aluminum, copper, silver, ferrite beads or any metallic element or alloy. Ferrite beads act as low-pass filters, which attenuate high frequencies that may be propagating along a filament, wire or cable. Ferrite beads that are disposed on a conductive element or member, such as a conductive filament, can be used to adjust the frequency response of the entire system. Where multiple conductive members are employed, they can be of different gauges, compositions, etc.
  • the conductive members may have any cross-sectional area such as, without limitation, circular, square, hexagonal, octagonal, and the like, and may be comprised of hollow wires or solid wires having a diameter in a range from about 0.001mm and on up. In an example implementation, the conductive members have a diameter of about 1.5mm.
  • the conductive member is formed or otherwise shaped into a substantially rectangular loop 206 that is coupled to the physical ground plane 202 at two example contact points 208A and 208B along a width of the ground plane 202.
  • the orientation of the loop 206 may be substantially perpendicular to the ground plane 202 or may have an angle with respect thereto.
  • one or more ferrite beads 213A-213C may be disposed along the conductive member loop 206.
  • the ground plane 202 may be coupled to the loop 206 such that a top portion 211A and a bottom portion 211B may be equally spaced (h) from the ground plane 202, wherein the full height or width (w) of the loop is 2h.
  • the top and bottom portions 211A, 211B of the conductive member loop 206 may be unequally spaced from the ground plane 202 so long as each spacing (i.e., top spacing 210A and bottom spacing 210B) satisfies the operating wavelength condition set forth above.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a substantially rectangular conductive member loop 206 that spans the entire width (W) of the physical plane 202
  • another conductive member loop embodiment may span only a portion of the width of the physical ground plane 202.
  • top and bottom portions 211A, 211B may have certain features such as serrations, notches, protuberances, bumps, ripples, protrusions, and the like, and may comprise either a linear form (i.e., a straight line) or a nonlinear form such as having an arcuate shape (e.g., a bent shape) or a wavy shape.
  • the top and bottom portions 211A, 211B (which may be referred to as first and second portions or vice versa) may be separately disposed as substantially rectangular loops on two separate "sides" of the ground plane (i.e., a length side and a width side).
  • one or more conductive members or portions thereof may be coupled to either a width, length, or both of the physical ground plane 202, either at the edges (i.e., a "shoreline” connection, as illustrated in FIG. 2A ) or at a distance interior from the edges thereof.
  • a substantial rectangular loop configuration may have a meandering long side, as well as may be non-planar.
  • an antenna assembly 200B includes the physical ground plane 202 and antenna module 204 shown in FIG. 2A but has multiple conductive member loops coupled to the ground plane 202.
  • a full-length first conductive member loop 214A is coupled to a first length 212A of the ground plane 202.
  • a full-width second conductive member loop 214B is coupled to a width 216 of the ground plane 202.
  • a partial-length third conductive member loop 214C is coupled to a second length 212B of the ground plane 202.
  • FIGS. 2C-2H illustrate various antenna assemblies 200C-200H, each having the antenna module 204 and associated physical ground plane 202, in addition to the example conductive member configurations.
  • Antenna assembly 200C includes a full-width conductive member loop 222 as well as a full-length conductive member loop 224 having multiple notches 228-1, 228-2 formed therein. It should be recognized that multiple notches 228-1, 228-2 may be equally or unequally spaced along the conductive member loop 224.
  • Antenna assembly 200D of FIG. 2D includes a partial-length conductive member loop 232A, a full-length conductive member loop 232B as well as a full-width conductive member loop 232C, wherein the partial-length conductive member loop 232A extends on both sides of the physical ground plane 202.
  • Antenna assembly 200E is illustrative of a configuration where only a single full-length conductive member loop 240 is coupled to a length of the physical ground plane 202.
  • Antenna assembly 200F is illustrative of a configuration having only a single partial-length, full-height conductive member loop 250 is coupled to a length of the physical ground plane 202, wherein the conductive member loop 250 extends on both sides of the ground plane 202.
  • Antenna assembly 200G is illustrative of a configuration having only a single partial-length, partial-height conductive member loop 260 is coupled to a length of the physical ground plane 202, wherein the conductive member loop 260 extends on only one side (e.g., a bottom side) of the ground plane 202. It can be seen in this configuration that at least a first portion of the conductive member 260 may be shaped as three sides of a first substantially rectangular loop and a first portion of 202 ground plane (here, the portion being along the length of the ground plane) forms a fourth side of the rectangular loop 260.
  • the fourth side (i.e., the long side) of the loop 260 may also have one or more notches such as those shown in the configuration 200C of FIG. 2C .
  • Antenna assembly 200H of FIG. 2H is substantially similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 2D , except that the conductive member loops 270A-270C are thinner in diameter than the conductive member loops 232A-232C (each being about 1mm in diameter).
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example method of the present patent application for assembling or otherwise making an embodiment of an antenna assembly in accordance with the teachings herein.
  • a physical ground plane or board having certain dimensions is provided, supplied or otherwise obtained for coupling with an antenna module having one or more radiation elements, thus having at least one operating frequency (block 302).
  • a conductive member or filament e.g., a wire
  • a conductive member or filament is coupled to the physical ground plane to form a loop such that the conductive member is positioned away from the physical ground plane at a minimum distance in a substantially vertical direction (i.e., either perpendicular or at some angle relative to the ground plane) that is less than a predetermined fraction of one wavelength of the operating frequency.
  • the conductive member may be coupled to the physical ground plane at one or more connection points.
  • the shortest wavelength may be used for determining the spacing between the conductive member(s) and the physical ground plane.
  • the spacing between the conductive member(s) and the physical ground plane is also constrained such that it is no greater than allowed by a device housing in which the antenna assembly is to be placed.
  • the foregoing approach of using one or more elongated conductive members to build electrically extended parts of a ground plane exploits the physical phenomenon wherein the proximity of the members to the ground plane results in an appearance of a single solid electrical surface that is larger than the physical ground plane itself.
  • the electrically extended surface is about the area bounded by the loop into which a conductive member may be formed.
  • the dimensions of the conductive member(s) depend on the frequency in which an improvement in the antenna performance is sought. Since the conductive members are disposed outside the plane of the physical ground substrate, they can be placed within the volume normally enclosed by a device without requiring its housing to be lengthened, thereby avoiding extra cost of manufacture (associated with enlarged housing) while improving antenna performance.
  • the virtual extension approach set forth above not only provides improved electrical characteristics but also allows for the use of smaller handset device form factors that are more appealing to the user. It has been observed that the embodiments of the present disclosure improve (i.e., reduce) the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) levels measured at both low bands (e.g., 800-900MHz) and high bands (e.g., 1880MHz), thereby achieving easier compliance with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations. Antenna bandwidth as well as the efficiency parameters are also improved at both the low and high bands.
  • SAR Specific Absorption Rate
  • FCC Federal Communications Commission
  • FIG. 2A-2H Table 1: Improvement in antenna performance at 900MHz Embodiment Improvement/ Increase in efficiency (%) Improvement/ Increase in Bandwidth (%) Improvement/ Reduction in SAR (%)
  • FIG. 2D 2.63 14.81 11.99
  • FIG. 2F 5.60 34.17 0.33
  • FIG. 2H 6.15 35.23 9.87
  • Table 2 Improvement in antenna performance at 1880MHz Embodiment Improvement/ Increase in efficiency (%) Improvement/ Increase in Bandwidth (%) Improvement/ Reduction in SAR (%)
  • FIG. 2B -0.35 9.90 0 FIG. 2C 1.19 -3.89 0.39
  • FIG. 2D 0.96 5.24 -1
  • FIG. 2E 1.25 11.66 1.47
  • FIG. 2F 0.60 6.06 19.63
  • FIG. 2G 0.67 5.10 18.73
  • FIG. 2H 0.77 8.10 -0.3
  • FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of an example mobile communications device (MCD) 400 having an antenna assembly 408 with a virtually/electrically extended ground plane according to one embodiment of the present patent disclosure.
  • a microprocessor 402 providing for the overall control of MCD 400 is operably coupled to a communication subsystem 404, which includes the antenna assembly 408 coupled to suitable transceiver circuit(s) 406 depending on the access technologies, operating bands/frequencies and networks (for example, to effectuate multi-mode communications in voice, data, media, or any combination thereof).
  • the particular design of the communication module 404 may be dependent upon the communications network(s) with which the device is intended to operate, e.g., as exemplified by infrastructure elements 499 and 487.
  • Microprocessor 402 also interfaces with additional device subsystems such as auxiliary input/output (I/O) 418, serial port 420, display 422, keyboard 424, speaker 426, microphone 428, random access memory (RAM) 430, other communications facilities 432, which may include for example a short-range communications subsystem, and any other device subsystems generally labeled as reference numeral 433.
  • I/O auxiliary input/output
  • RAM random access memory
  • other communications facilities 432 which may include for example a short-range communications subsystem, and any other device subsystems generally labeled as reference numeral 433.
  • SIM/USIM interface 434 also generalized as a Removable User Identity Module (RUIM) interface
  • RUIM Removable User Identity Module
  • persistent storage module 435 i.e., non-volatile storage
  • persistent storage module 435 may be segregated into different areas, e.g., transport stack 445, storage area for computer programs 436, as well as data storage regions such as device state 437, address book 439, other personal information manager (PIM) data 441, and other data storage areas generally labeled as reference numeral 443.
  • the persistent memory may include appropriate software/firmware necessary to effectuate multi-mode communications in conjunction with one or more subsystems set forth herein under control of the microprocessor 402.
EP10160785.1A 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Ensemble d'antenne avec agencement de plan de base étendu électriquement et procédé associé Active EP2381527B1 (fr)

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EP10160785.1A EP2381527B1 (fr) 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Ensemble d'antenne avec agencement de plan de base étendu électriquement et procédé associé

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EP10160785.1A EP2381527B1 (fr) 2010-04-22 2010-04-22 Ensemble d'antenne avec agencement de plan de base étendu électriquement et procédé associé

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013063432A1 (fr) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Chronotrack Systems, Corp. Système de chronométrage de course à antennes positionnées verticalement
WO2014074948A1 (fr) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-15 Microsoft Corporation Antenne multibande à faible encombrement
US8930164B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2015-01-06 Chronotrack Systems, Corp. Race timing system with vertically positioned antennae
US9769769B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-09-19 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Detecting proximity using antenna feedback
US9785174B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-10-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Predictive transmission power control for back-off
US9813997B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2017-11-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Antenna coupling for sensing and dynamic transmission
US9871545B2 (en) 2014-12-05 2018-01-16 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Selective specific absorption rate adjustment
US9871544B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2018-01-16 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Specific absorption rate mitigation
US10013038B2 (en) 2016-01-05 2018-07-03 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic antenna power control for multi-context device
US10044095B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2018-08-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Radiating structure with integrated proximity sensing
US10224974B2 (en) 2017-03-31 2019-03-05 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Proximity-independent SAR mitigation
US10461406B2 (en) 2017-01-23 2019-10-29 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Loop antenna with integrated proximity sensing
US10893488B2 (en) 2013-06-14 2021-01-12 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Radio frequency (RF) power back-off optimization for specific absorption rate (SAR) compliance

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WO2007039071A2 (fr) * 2005-09-19 2007-04-12 Fractus, S.A. Ensemble antenne, dispositif sans fil portable et utilisation d'un element conducteur pour adapter le plan de sol d'un ensemble antenne
US7304616B1 (en) * 2006-08-28 2007-12-04 Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Antenna structure of mobile phone
WO2009037353A1 (fr) * 2007-09-20 2009-03-26 Nokia Corporation Système d'antenne, procédé de production d'un système d'antenne et carte imprimée destinée à être utilisée dans un système d'antenne
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US20050159195A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-07-21 Stefan Huber Radio communication device and printed board comprising at least one current-conducting correction element
WO2007039071A2 (fr) * 2005-09-19 2007-04-12 Fractus, S.A. Ensemble antenne, dispositif sans fil portable et utilisation d'un element conducteur pour adapter le plan de sol d'un ensemble antenne
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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8930164B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2015-01-06 Chronotrack Systems, Corp. Race timing system with vertically positioned antennae
WO2013063432A1 (fr) * 2011-10-28 2013-05-02 Chronotrack Systems, Corp. Système de chronométrage de course à antennes positionnées verticalement
WO2014074948A1 (fr) * 2012-11-08 2014-05-15 Microsoft Corporation Antenne multibande à faible encombrement
US9608329B2 (en) 2012-11-08 2017-03-28 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Space saving multiband antenna
US9871544B2 (en) 2013-05-29 2018-01-16 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Specific absorption rate mitigation
US10893488B2 (en) 2013-06-14 2021-01-12 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Radio frequency (RF) power back-off optimization for specific absorption rate (SAR) compliance
US10276922B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2019-04-30 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Radiating structure with integrated proximity sensing
US9813997B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2017-11-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Antenna coupling for sensing and dynamic transmission
US10044095B2 (en) 2014-01-10 2018-08-07 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Radiating structure with integrated proximity sensing
US9769769B2 (en) 2014-06-30 2017-09-19 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Detecting proximity using antenna feedback
US9785174B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-10-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Predictive transmission power control for back-off
US9871545B2 (en) 2014-12-05 2018-01-16 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Selective specific absorption rate adjustment
US10013038B2 (en) 2016-01-05 2018-07-03 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Dynamic antenna power control for multi-context device
US10461406B2 (en) 2017-01-23 2019-10-29 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Loop antenna with integrated proximity sensing
US10224974B2 (en) 2017-03-31 2019-03-05 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Proximity-independent SAR mitigation
US10924145B2 (en) 2017-03-31 2021-02-16 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Proximity-independent SAR mitigation

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