EP2380414A1 - Radiant tube and particle accelerator having a radiant tube - Google Patents
Radiant tube and particle accelerator having a radiant tubeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2380414A1 EP2380414A1 EP09771739A EP09771739A EP2380414A1 EP 2380414 A1 EP2380414 A1 EP 2380414A1 EP 09771739 A EP09771739 A EP 09771739A EP 09771739 A EP09771739 A EP 09771739A EP 2380414 A1 EP2380414 A1 EP 2380414A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- carrier substrate
- jet pipe
- pipe
- electrical conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H5/00—Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses
- H05H5/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/22—Details of linear accelerators, e.g. drift tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
- H05H9/005—Dielectric wall accelerators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a jet pipe for guiding a charged particle beam and to a particle accelerator with such a jet pipe.
- Such a jet pipe is provided in particular in the case of a particle accelerator for charged particles.
- the charged particle beam may include, for example, electrons, nuclei, ionized atoms, charged molecules or charged molecular fragments.
- the acceleration of the charged particle beam takes place in a jet-carrying hollow volume, which is enclosed by the jet pipe.
- the hollow volume is usually evacuated during operation of the particle accelerator.
- usually associated with the jet pipe vacuum pump system is provided.
- the jet pipe which separates the hollow volume and the charged particle beam from the environment, is electrostatically charged by the accelerating electric field.
- the jet pipe With increasing field strength of the electric field increases the probability that stray electrons are torn out of the surface of the inner wall of the jet pipe.
- This process occurs first and preferably on so-called whiskers. Whiskers are needle-shaped single crystals of a few micrometers in diameter and up to several hundred micrometers in length, which occur on all surfaces, in particular on metallic surfaces.
- an elevated electric field occurs.
- stray electrons are torn out of the tip of the whisker.
- the scattered electrons are now accelerated as well as the charged particle beam from the electric field. If such scattered electrons hit the inner wall of the beam tube, secondary electrons are triggered upon impact.
- the process is self-inflating. Finally, there is a flashover on the inner wall and thus to a Bursting of the charged particles accelerating electric field.
- US Pat. No. 6,331,194 B1 discloses a jet pipe in which the hollow volume carrying the particle beam is surrounded directly by a hollow cylindrical insulating core, which is designated as a high gradient insulator, HGI.
- the insulation core comprises a number of thin rings (thickness approx. 0.25 mm) made of a dielectric, each of which is provided with a thin metallic conductive layer (thickness approx. 40,000 angstroms) at the end.
- the rings are assembled into a hollow cylinder. Under pressure and temperature, the adjacent metal layers of adjacent rings melt and combine to form metal rings.
- the HGI increases the puncture resistance of the jet pipe. If secondary electrons are generated on the inner wall of the HGI, the adjacent metal rings of the HGI are charged. The electrical charge is thus distributed in each case over all of the secondary electrons directly acted upon metal rings. This leads to a homogenization of the electric charge on the inner wall of the HGI and thus to a reduced tendency for secondary electron multiplication.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a jet pipe which has a low penetration probability. has.
- the invention is further based on the object of specifying a particle accelerator with such a jet pipe.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by the feature combination of claim 1.
- the jet-guiding hollow volume is surrounded directly by a hollow cylindrical insulating core.
- the insulating core is formed of a dielectrically acting carrier substrate and an electrical conductor held therein.
- the conductor is divided into several conductor loops that completely circumscribe the circumference of the insulation core at different axial positions.
- the individual conductor loops are galvanically connected with each other.
- a metal such as copper, gold or the like can be used.
- a dielectric for example SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, a polycarbonate, a polyacrylic, a glass or a ceramic can be used.
- metallic layers e.g. Metal plates
- the metallic layers serve as intermediate electrodes.
- the metallic layers are galvanically connected to one another by the electrical conductor.
- the structure essentially corresponds to the aforementioned HGI. Due to the galvanic connection of the metallic layers, any impacting electrons may flow off.
- a particle accelerator with such a jet pipe can thus be operated at a high rate of acceleration pulses and / or with an increased field energy, without the breakdown probability rising significantly.
- the jet pipe is surrounded by a metallic housing.
- a metallic housing can be made, for example, from pipe sections which are sealed against one another and can be evacuated in a simple manner by means of a vacuum pump system in order to provide the spray-conveying evacuated hollow volume.
- the metallic housing can also comprise a device provided for the provision of the accelerating electric field or form part of such a device.
- the electrical conductor held on the dielectric carrier substrate is connected in a galvanically conductive manner to the metallic housing at at least one point.
- at least two spaced-apart points of the electrical conductor are galvanically connected to the housing. Thus, there is no potential gradient within the electrical conductor.
- the conductor loops can be of annular design and can be connected to one another galvanically by a number of conductor bridges running essentially in the cylinder longitudinal direction.
- the conductor loops of the electrical conductor but wound in the manner of a helical coil about the central longitudinal axis of the hollow cylindrical insulator core and thus form a helical coil.
- the conductor acts as an inductance and attenuates high-frequency components of the accelerating electric field.
- the electrical conductor is embedded in the dielectrically acting carrier substrate.
- a mold having the shape of a hollow cylinder with a cylindrical core to form an annular space is provided.
- the bent in the manner of a screw coil electrical conductor is inserted, which consists of a metal wire.
- the annular space is filled with the dielectrically acting carrier substrate to form the hollow cylindrical insulating core together with the electrical conductor.
- the dielectric is, for example, a flowable plastic compound, such as a synthetic resin or the like, which solidifies after it has been filled in the mold.
- it may also be a powdered dielectric which is filled into the mold as a flowable bulk material and solidified with temperature and / or pressure application.
- the electrical conductor is on the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical carrier substrate attached, in particular glued.
- the electrical conductor can also be imprinted or vapor-deposited.
- both the electrical conductor and the dielectrically acting carrier substrate are formed as wire-shaped strips and wound into each other to form the hollow cylindrical insulating core in the form of a double helix.
- the two strips are wound, for example, around a cylinder as an assembly aid and then fastened to one another.
- the electrical conductor advantageously completely penetrates the carrier substrate.
- both the inner wall and the outer wall of the hollow cylindrical insulating core have a metallically conductive portion.
- the particle accelerator comprises a jet pipe according to one of claims 1 to 9.
- the particle accelerator can be used for example for research purposes, but also as a medical therapy device.
- the particle accelerator is designed in particular as a Dielectric Wall Accelerator, DWA, as described in detail in US Pat. No. 5,757,146.
- the particle accelerator can be operated in particular in pulsed operation and based on electromagnetic induction, ie the accelerating electric field is through generates a magnetic flux change around the particle trajectory.
- the single FIGURE shows a partial region of a particle accelerator 2 with a section of a jet pipe 4 in a three-dimensional sectional view.
- the particle accelerator 2 is embodied, for example, as a linear accelerator, in which the accelerating electric field is provided by a DC voltage or by a pulsating AC voltage (compare Linear accelerator from Wideroe, 1928). But it can also be designed as a Dielectric Wall Accelerator.
- the jet pipe 4 is shown only schematically as a hollow cylinder. It comprises a tubular metallic housing 5. However, it can also have attachments, for example a vacuum pumping system, not shown in the figure.
- the jet pipe 4 receives a likewise hollow cylindrical insulating core 6.
- the insulating core 6 in turn directly surrounds a jet-guiding cylindrical hollow volume 8. In the hollow volume 8, a charged particle beam 10 which is indicated only symbolically is guided and accelerated.
- the particle accelerator 2 is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It generates a symbolically indicated in the figure magnetic field 12 to the particle trajectory, which coincides with the directional arrow for the charged particle beam 10.
- the magnetic field 12 forms closed field lines around the hollow volume 8 or about the particle trajectory of the charged particles 10.
- an electric field not shown in the figure, which generates the charged particle beam 10 accelerated in the arrow direction.
- the hollow-cylindrical insulation core 6 is formed from a dielectrically acting carrier substrate 14 and from an electrical conductor 16 held therein.
- the electrical conductor 16 is divided into several, around the circumference of the insulating core 6 seen from its central longitudinal axis 18 forth at different positions circulating conductor loops 20.
- the conductor loops 20 are galvanically connected to each other and thus form a helical coil.
- the dielectric carrier substrate 14 metallic layers, e.g. Metal plates, be introduced (not shown here).
- the dielectric carrier substrate has a structure as shown in Fig. 2A of US 6,331,194 Bl.
- the metallic layers are connected to each other by the circulating conductor loops 20. Due to the galvanic connection of the metallic layers, any impacting electrons may flow off.
- the electrical conductor 16 is bent in the manner of a helical coil and secured to the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical carrier substrate 14.
- the electrical conductor can also be printed onto the inner wall of the hollow-cylindrical carrier substrate 14 by means of a metallically conductive paste, as is used for printing printed conductors on printed circuit boards.
- the two ends of the helical electrical conductor 16 are connected via electrically conductive connections 22 to the jet pipe 4 or its metallic housing 5 and thus to the basic potential of the particle accelerator 2.
- the hollow volume 8 is evacuated during operation of the particle accelerator 2.
- the particle accelerator 2 can be operated with a high accelerating electric field strength and operates at a high rate of acceleration pulses.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009005200.3A DE102009005200B4 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2009-01-20 | Jet tube and particle accelerator with a jet pipe |
PCT/EP2009/066227 WO2010083915A1 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2009-12-02 | Radiant tube and particle accelerator having a radiant tube |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2380414A1 true EP2380414A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
EP2380414B1 EP2380414B1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
Family
ID=42078040
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09771739.1A Not-in-force EP2380414B1 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2009-12-02 | Beam tube and particle accelerator having the beam tube |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9351390B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2380414B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5602154B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102293067B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009005200B4 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2380414T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2544838C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010083915A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009005200B4 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2016-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Jet tube and particle accelerator with a jet pipe |
US9974155B2 (en) * | 2013-08-05 | 2018-05-15 | National Technology & Engineering Solutions Of Sandia, Llc | Variable-pulse-shape pulsed-power accelerator |
US9648710B2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2017-05-09 | Varex Imaging Corporation | High power X-ray tube housing |
US9089039B2 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-07-21 | Eugene J. Lauer | Particle acceleration devices with improved geometries for vacuum-insulator-anode triple junctions |
US11051390B2 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2021-06-29 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | Functional membrane for ion beam transmission, beam line device and filter device each having the same, and method of adjusting filter device |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR365609A (en) * | 1905-03-21 | 1906-09-12 | Edwin Ruud | Water heaters |
US2569154A (en) * | 1948-07-24 | 1951-09-25 | Donath Erwin | Electronic discharge device |
FR1028597A (en) * | 1949-11-30 | 1953-05-26 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Improvements to linear charged particle accelerators |
US3506865A (en) * | 1967-07-28 | 1970-04-14 | Atomic Energy Commission | Stabilization of charged particle beams |
US3617908A (en) * | 1969-02-24 | 1971-11-02 | Henry Greber | Charged particle accelerator with single or multimode operation |
US3761720A (en) * | 1972-08-30 | 1973-09-25 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of locating defects in a high-voltage insulating tube |
FR2396407A1 (en) * | 1977-06-27 | 1979-01-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METRIC AND DECIMETRIC WAVE GENERATOR |
DE2950098A1 (en) * | 1979-12-13 | 1981-07-09 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | FLAME-RETARDED STYRENE POLYMERISATE |
US4712042A (en) * | 1986-02-03 | 1987-12-08 | Accsys Technology, Inc. | Variable frequency RFQ linear accelerator |
US5038076A (en) * | 1989-05-04 | 1991-08-06 | Raytheon Company | Slow wave delay line structure having support rods coated by a dielectric material to prevent rod charging |
FR2671908A1 (en) | 1991-01-18 | 1992-07-24 | Bourgogne Technologies | Accelerating tube with a conducting layer |
US5433744A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-07-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Medical electrical lead with super austentic stainless steel conductor |
DE19523859C2 (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 2000-04-27 | Bruker Daltonik Gmbh | Device for reflecting charged particles |
US5698949A (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1997-12-16 | Communications & Power Industries, Inc. | Hollow beam electron tube having TM0x0 resonators, where X is greater than 1 |
US5757146A (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1998-05-26 | Carder; Bruce M. | High-gradient compact linear accelerator |
US6331194B1 (en) | 1996-06-25 | 2001-12-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for manufacturing hollow fused-silica insulator cylinder |
AU6132498A (en) | 1997-01-14 | 1998-08-18 | United States Department Of Energy | High-gradient insulator cavity mode filter |
US6921042B1 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2005-07-26 | Carl L. Goodzeit | Concentric tilted double-helix dipoles and higher-order multipole magnets |
AU2003267263A1 (en) | 2002-09-23 | 2004-04-08 | Epion Corporation | System for and method of gas cluster ion beam processing |
JP4250763B2 (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2009-04-08 | 国立大学法人京都工芸繊維大学 | Voltage-dividing resistor for accelerator tube, accelerator tube, and accelerator |
JP4435124B2 (en) | 2005-08-29 | 2010-03-17 | 株式会社東芝 | X-ray tube |
CN101091232A (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2007-12-19 | 株式会社东芝 | X-ray tube |
WO2007095203A2 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-23 | Excellims Corporation | Ion mobility spectrometer apparatus and methods |
DE102009005200B4 (en) | 2009-01-20 | 2016-02-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Jet tube and particle accelerator with a jet pipe |
-
2009
- 2009-01-20 DE DE102009005200.3A patent/DE102009005200B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-02 WO PCT/EP2009/066227 patent/WO2010083915A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-12-02 CN CN200980154948.XA patent/CN102293067B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-02 RU RU2011134895/07A patent/RU2544838C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-12-02 US US13/145,202 patent/US9351390B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-02 DK DK09771739T patent/DK2380414T3/en active
- 2009-12-02 JP JP2011545649A patent/JP5602154B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-02 EP EP09771739.1A patent/EP2380414B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2010083915A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2380414T3 (en) | 2015-05-04 |
CN102293067A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
EP2380414B1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
JP2012515997A (en) | 2012-07-12 |
JP5602154B2 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
WO2010083915A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
DE102009005200A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
US20110285283A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
DE102009005200B4 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
RU2011134895A (en) | 2013-02-27 |
CN102293067B (en) | 2016-06-22 |
RU2544838C2 (en) | 2015-03-20 |
US9351390B2 (en) | 2016-05-24 |
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