EP2379213A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un melange de plusieurs constituants dont un liant hydraulique - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un melange de plusieurs constituants dont un liant hydrauliqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2379213A1 EP2379213A1 EP09804277A EP09804277A EP2379213A1 EP 2379213 A1 EP2379213 A1 EP 2379213A1 EP 09804277 A EP09804277 A EP 09804277A EP 09804277 A EP09804277 A EP 09804277A EP 2379213 A1 EP2379213 A1 EP 2379213A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- physical
- concrete
- component
- identifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 323
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 169
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 55
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 30
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 102100037149 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 101001098439 Homo sapiens 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 101100257133 Caenorhabditis elegans sma-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101100257134 Caenorhabditis elegans sma-4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004574 high-performance concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 pozzolans Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011376 self-consolidating concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004846 x-ray emission Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000034 Plastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001636 atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011176 pooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011395 ready-mix concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/0007—Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust
- B28C7/0015—Tagging of the ingredients, e.g. by using ingredient identification means like RFID or labels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
- B01F35/22—Control or regulation
- B01F35/2201—Control or regulation characterised by the type of control technique used
- B01F35/2209—Controlling the mixing process as a whole, i.e. involving a complete monitoring and controlling of the mixing process during the whole mixing cycle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0032—Controlling the process of mixing, e.g. adding ingredients in a quantity depending on a measured or desired value
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0096—Provisions for indicating condition of the compositions or the final products, e.g. degree of homogeneous mixing, degree of wear
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a mixture of several constituents including a hydraulic binder.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for manufacturing a mixture of at least first and second constituents, at least the first or second constituent being a hydraulic binder and whose formulation is determined in particular as a function of characteristics. physical and / or chemical components of the first component.
- An example of a mixture comprising a hydraulic binder is cement, concrete, cement-based glue, cementitious plaster, etc.
- a concrete is composed of aggregates (ie sand, gravel, gravel, pebbles) which are linked together by a hydraulic binder, for example a cement. When the hydraulic binder is exposed to water, it hydrates and sets. Adjuvants are optionally added to improve the characteristics of the hydraulic binder.
- a cement consists of clinker and possibly additives and mineral additives, for example fly ash, pozzolans, filler materials of a mineral nature, slag.
- a concrete or cement is defined in particular by its formulation, which corresponds to the list of constituents, with the proportion of each constituent, to be used during the manufacture of concrete or cement.
- the formulation of a concrete includes the type and quantity of cement, the quantity of water, the type and quantity of aggregates and, if necessary, the amount of admixtures to be used to make a cubic meter of concrete fresh.
- the concrete formulation is determined to obtain the desired rheological and mechanical properties of the concrete.
- the rheological property of concrete it may be desirable to obtain a determined slump of the concrete measured with an Abrams cone.
- As a mechanical property it may be desirable to obtain a precise value of compressive strength achieved by the concrete after a specified time, for example 28 days.
- the formulation of a cement includes the type and amount of clinker, the amount of mineral additions and the amount of admixtures to be used to make a ton of cement.
- the formulation of the cement is determined to promote the achievement of chemical and physical properties are within specific ranges, for example by EN 197-1.
- the cement manufacturer produces a cement whose chemical and physical characteristics are within specified ranges, for example by the EN 197-1 standard. It is not currently possible for a cement manufacturer to produce a cement whose chemical and physical characteristics are perfectly constant over time. Indeed, many parameters, such as the nature of the raw materials used, the manufacturing process implemented by the cement manufacturer, etc., can cause a variation in the chemical and physical characteristics of the cement over time while remaining within the ranges of values stipulated by the EN 197-1 standard.
- the concrete manufacturer may be aware of these variations as soon as the concrete is made, for example by modifying the workability of the concrete. He can then immediately modify the concrete formulation to adapt it to the variations of the physical and chemical characteristics of the cement.
- the concrete manufacturer can not be aware of these variations as soon as the concrete is manufactured. Indeed, to do this, it is necessary to perform analyzes of cement or concrete that require means and / or time that are not available to the concrete manufacturer.
- the concrete manufacturer does not generally have the means to perform an analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of the cement delivered by the cement manufacturer, which would allow him to adapt the concrete formulation according to the actual physical and chemical characteristics of the concrete. cement it will use to make a mess.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a mixture of at least first and second components, at least the first or second component being a hydraulic binder, the process comprising the following steps:
- the invention has the advantage of allowing the formulation of a mixture, for example a concrete or a cement, to be adapted to the actual physical and / or chemical characteristics of a first constituent, in particular the hydraulic binder, from which the mixture is actually manufactured and may vary over time.
- the invention advantageously makes it possible to use as a data storage device a radio frequency identification tag.
- This has the added advantage of allowing labels to be inserted directly into the first component.
- This advantageously makes it possible to easily produce an automated method of inserting the labels on the production line or the storage site of the first constituent and / or an insertion of an RFID tag, or of several labels.
- the invention also advantageously makes it possible to use a medium provided with a barcode as a data storage device. This advantageously allows the present invention to be implemented without modifying the existing hydraulic binder and / or mixing production installations by using a low-cost support, the reading of which can be performed by a barcode reader.
- hydraulic binder any compound having the property of hydrating in the presence of water and whose hydration makes it possible to obtain a solid having mechanical characteristics.
- the hydraulic binder according to the invention may in particular be a cement as defined in the EN 197-1 standard.
- the hydraulic binder can be clinker.
- cement is meant a mixture of hydraulic binder, including clinker, and at least one mineral addition and optionally adjuvant. It is for example portlant cement type CEM I with mineral additions, CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV or CEM V according to the standard "Cement" NF EN 197-1.
- crete is meant a mixture of hydraulic binders, aggregates, water, possibly additives, and possibly mineral additives such as high performance concrete, very high performance concrete, self-compacting concrete , self-leveling concrete, self-compacting concrete, fiber concrete, ready-mix concrete or colored concrete.
- cement includes mortars.
- the concrete comprises a mixture of hydraulic binder, sand, water and possibly additives.
- the term “concrete” according to the invention denotes indistinctly fresh concrete or hardened concrete.
- the term “aggregates” refers to chippings and / or sand.
- the term "mineral additions” denotes a finely divided mineral material used in concrete or cement in order to improve certain properties or to give it particular properties.
- mineral additions for concrete, it is, for example, fly ash (as defined in EN 450), silica fumes (as defined in the standard prEN 13263: 1998 or NF P 18-502), dairy products (as defined in standard NF P 18-506), calcareous additions (as defined in standard NF P 18-508) and siliceous additions (as defined in standard NF P 18-509).
- cement it is, for example, slags (as defined in the standard "Cement” NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.2), pozzolanic materials (as defined in the standard “Cement” NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.3), fly ash (as defined in the "Cement” standard NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.4), calcined schists (as defined in the "Cement” standard NF EN 197- 1 paragraph 5.2.5), limescale (as defined in the "Cement” NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.6) or fumed silica (as defined in the standard "Cement” NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.7) or their mixtures.
- slags as defined in the standard "Cement” NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.2
- pozzolanic materials as defined in the standard “Cement” NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.3
- fly ash as defined in the "Cement” standard NF EN 197-1 paragraph 5.2.4
- calcined schists as defined in the
- portion of the first constituent is meant according to the invention a quantity, possibly variable, of the first constituent. It may be a certain single volume, possibly variable, of the first constituent or of several distinct volumes, possibly variable, of the first constituent. It can be a batch of the first constituent extracted from a storage silo.
- formulation is meant according to the invention the list of constituents involved in the manufacture of a mixture and the amount of each of these constituents.
- physical and / or chemical characteristics of the first constituent means, according to the present invention, characteristics that make it possible to define the physical and chemical structures of the first constituent.
- data storage device any device for storing data. It can be a physical medium on which data are written by any symbolic representation process. It can also be an electronic circuit comprising a non-volatile memory on which data are stored, for example in the form of binary signals.
- identifier is meant according to the invention, any type of data, for example a numerical or alphanumeric data, which makes it possible to differentiate the element to which the identifier is assigned from another element.
- installation of manufacture of the first constituent is meant according to the invention any facility for the manufacture of the first component, in the form of a finely ground mineral material, ready to be used for the manufacture of a mixture containing the first constituent.
- mixing production plant any facility for the manufacture of a mixture from a hydraulic binder and other constituents, such as, for example, aggregates, water, etc.
- the mixture corresponds to concrete
- it may be a concrete manufacturing plant, a site installation, a prefabrication plant, etc.
- the mixture corresponds to an adhesive or a coating
- it may be a facility for manufacturing the mixture in the form of a mixture of dry powders, generally called dry premix.
- dry premix In the case where the mixture corresponds to a cement, it may be a mixing station or a cement plant.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a mixture of at least first and second components, at least the first or second component being a hydraulic binder.
- the method comprises the following steps:
- the data storage device is a radio frequency identification tag, or RFID tag, inserted in the portion of the first constituent.
- the first constituent is in the form of a powder during the insertion of the storage device. This offers the additional advantage of not modifying the usual transport operations of the portion of the first component from the manufacturing facility of the first component to the mixing plant, since the data carrier device is disposed of at the same time. inside the portion of the first constituent.
- step (i) is carried out on the manufacturing site of the hydraulic binder.
- step (iv) is carried out at the manufacturing site of the mixture.
- the mixture is a cement.
- the mixture is a concrete.
- the first constituent is the hydraulic binder.
- the method comprises a step of storing the first component. In step (i), data storage devices are introduced into the first component before the storage step.
- the first component is manufactured at least in part continuously, the manufacturing step of the first component being followed by a step of storing the first component on the manufacturing site of the first component.
- the ground material constituting the first component can partially mix. The distribution of the RFID tags in the first constituent makes it possible to follow the evolution of this mixture.
- step (ii) comprises the following steps: taking samples of the first constituent before the storage step; determining, by analysis of each sample, the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the first constituent of the sample; and storing in a database, for each identifier, the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the first constituent of one of the samples or a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the first constituent of several samples.
- This offers the additional advantage of allowing automatic sample collection on the production line or the storage site of the first component and taking into account the relative positions between the sampling positions and the insertion positions of the labels.
- the method comprises a step of storing the first component.
- the storage step is followed by a step of forming the portion of the first component from the first stored component.
- the step of forming the portion of the first constituent is followed by the step of inserting at least one data storage device into the portion of the first constituent.
- step (ii) comprises the following steps: taking a sample of the portion of the first constituent; determining, by sample analysis, the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the portion of the first constituent; and storing, in a database, the identifier and the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the first constituent of the sample.
- the data storage device is a support provided with a barcode.
- the data storage device then advantageously has a particularly simple structure.
- the manufacture of the support provided with a barcode and the reading thereof can be implemented at low cost.
- the method comprises a step of storing the first component.
- the storage step is followed by a step of forming the portion of the first component from the first stored component.
- the step of forming the portion of the first constituent is followed by the step of assigning a data storage device to the portion of the first constituent.
- the invention also proposes a system for manufacturing a mixture of at least first and second components, at least the first or the second constituent being a hydraulic binder.
- the system includes: a system for assigning to at least a portion of the first manufactured component of a data storage device at which at least one identifier of the portion of the first constituent is stored; a system for determining physical and / or chemical characteristics of the portion of the first constituent; a device for memorizing the identifier and the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the portion of the first constituent; a read device of the data storage device; a system for providing a formulation of the mixture that depends on the physical and / or chemical characteristics associated with the identifier read by the reading device; and an installation for manufacturing the mixture with said formulation, at least in part with said portion of the first component.
- the reading device is a radio frequency identification tag reader.
- the reading device is a barcode reader.
- FIG. 1 very schematically represents an embodiment of a cement and concrete manufacturing system according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of a concrete manufacturing process by the system of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 very schematically shows another embodiment of a cement and concrete manufacturing system according to the invention
- Figure 4 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of a concrete manufacturing process by the system of Figure 3
- FIG. 1 very schematically represents an embodiment of a cement and concrete manufacturing system according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of a concrete manufacturing process by the system of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 very schematically shows another embodiment of a cement and concrete manufacturing system according to the invention
- Figure 4 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of a concrete manufacturing process by the system of Figure 3
- FIG. 1 very schematically represents an embodiment of a cement and concrete manufacturing system according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of a concrete manufacturing process by the system of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 very schematically shows another embodiment of a cement and
- FIG. 5 very schematically represents another embodiment of a cement and concrete manufacturing system according to the invention
- Figure 6 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of a concrete manufacturing process by the system of Figure 5
- FIG. 7 very schematically represents an exemplary embodiment of a cement manufacturing system according to the invention
- Figure 8 shows a block diagram illustrating the steps of a cement manufacturing process by the system of Figure 7
- Figure 9 shows, very schematically, another embodiment of a cement manufacturing system according to the invention
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating the steps of a cement manufacturing process by the system of FIG. 9.
- Figure 1 shows, in a partial and schematic manner, an embodiment of a system 5 for manufacturing cement and concrete.
- a arrowed line connecting two elements of the system 5 illustrates a physical or functional link between these two elements.
- the system 5 includes a cement manufacturing facility 10.
- the installation 10 is called cement plant in the following description.
- the conventional elements of the cement plant not participating in the present invention are not shown in detail.
- the cement plant 10 comprises a cement production plant 12 which may include means for extracting raw materials, crushing means for extracted raw materials, means for screening the crushed raw materials, means for prehomogenizing the raw materials, means for preparing the raw material, cooking means for obtaining clinker, drying means and a grinding workshop, comprising, for example, a ball mill or a grinding mill in which the clinker is finely ground. Additional elements may be added to the clinker during or after the grinding operation. In particular, a mixing workshop can be provided at the output of the grinding workshop.
- the cement production plant 12 supplies cement in the form of a finely ground mineral material which is transported to a storage means 14 corresponding, for example, to a cement silo.
- the installation 10 may correspond to a grinding center.
- the cement production plant 12 then consists essentially of the grinding workshop.
- the clinker used by the grinding workshop comes from another installation.
- the system 5 further includes a concrete manufacturing facility. This is, for example, a concrete batching plant, a prefabrication plant or a concrete site manufacturing facility.
- the installation 20 may comprise a cement storage means 22, for example a cement silo, a concrete weighing device 24 and a kneading system 26.
- the kneading system 26 is used for mixing and kneading concrete constituents, especially cement, water, aggregates and possibly additives, mineral additions, etc. This is, for example, a mixer or a mixer truck mixer.
- the weighing device 24 makes it possible to determine by weighing the quantity of cement that will be introduced into the kneading system 26 for producing a mix of concrete.
- the concrete plant 20 may be automated in part or in whole.
- the weighing device 24 and the kneading system 26 are then controlled by production automatons.
- the cement must be conveyed from the storage silo 14 of the cement plant 10 to the storage silo 22 of the concrete manufacturing plant 20.
- the batch of cement 30 a quantity of the cement produced by the cement plant 10 which is transported from the silo 14 to the silo 22. Different cement batches can correspond to different amounts of cement.
- the transport of the cement batch 30 is carried out by a transport means 32 which corresponds, for example, to tanks or tanks transported by truck, by train, etc.
- a batch of cement 30 may correspond to ten tons of cement.
- cement plant 10 there is shown a single concrete plant associated with the cement plant 10.
- the same cement plant can deliver batches of cement to several concrete manufacturing facilities, a manufacturing facility. concrete, for example, to a concrete batching plant, another concrete plant corresponding, for example, to an on-site concrete manufacturing facility, etc.
- the system 5 comprises a module 34 for inserting radiofrequency identification tags or RFID tags 35 (acronym for radio frequency identification) into the cement before it is stored in the silo 14.
- An RFID tag in English RFID tag or RFID transponder
- An RFID tag consists of an antenna connected to an integrated circuit and can receive and answer queries sent remotely from a transmitter / receiver.
- a description of the structure and operation of RFID tags can be found in V. RFID: A guide to Radio Frequency Identification by V. Daniel Hunt (publisher John Wiley). These are, for example, RFID tags sold by Symbol Technology, R & V Group or Avery Dennison.
- each tag does not include a source of energy of its own and uses the energy provided by the signals transmitted by the transmitter / receiver.
- the integrated circuit of each RFID tag 35 comprises a non-volatile memory in which is stored an identifier of the RFID tag 35.
- the identifier is unique and makes it possible to differentiate one RFID tag 35 from another.
- the identifier corresponds, for example, to an alphanumeric code.
- the RFID tag 35 may, in addition, allow the storage of data corresponding to the type of the cement and an identifier of the cement plant 10.
- the dimensions of the RFID tags correspond to a compromise to meet in particular two opposite constraints.
- the first constraint is that RFID tags must be small enough to reduce the risk of segregating RFID tags during cement storage and transportation.
- the second constraint is that the RFID tags must be large enough to have the largest antenna possible to increase the minimum detection distance of the RFID tag.
- each RFID tag is a few millimeters to a few centimeters on the side.
- the module 34 is adapted to insert an RFID tag 35 for 100 kg of cement.
- the insertion of the RFID tags is carried out automatically during the transport of the cement from the cement production workshop 12 to the silo 14.
- the system 5 further comprises a sample collection module 40 which is adapted to take, for example at regular intervals, a sample of the cement transported from the cement production plant 12 to the silo 14. For example, a sample is taken every 10 to 20 tons of cement. By way of example, a sample may correspond to 500 grams of cement.
- the RFID tag insertion module 34 is connected to the sample collection module 40 and is adapted to supply the module 40 with the identifiers of the labels inserted into the cement as they are inserted.
- the system 5 further comprises an analysis center 42 allowing the realization of a physical and / or chemical analysis of the cement contained in each sample supplied by the module 40.
- the module 40 is, furthermore, adapted to provide the analysis center 42 the identifiers of the RFID tags inserted in the cement, the instants of insertion of the RFID tags 35 in the cement and the times of sampling.
- the analysis center 42 may be located at the cement plant 10 or outside thereof.
- the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement determined by the analysis center 42 may correspond to one or more of the following characteristics: "fineness of grind, or Blaine finesse, expressed in m 2 / kg (or in cm 2 / g).
- the diameter D10 corresponds to the 10th percentile of the particle size distribution, ie 10% of the particles are smaller than D10 and 90% are larger than D10. It can be determined by laser granulometry;
- concentration in different elements for example calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), sulfur (S) ), phosphorus (P), expressed as the concentration of the oxide of this element.
- concentrations of the various elements can be obtained by analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of the sample according to the methods described in the standard P15-467 entitled “Hydraulic binders - Practical instrumental method of analysis of cements by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry” or draft standard PR NF EN ISO 29581-2 entitled “Methods of testing cements - Chemical analysis of cements - Part 2: X-ray fluorescence spectrometric analysis”; • the concentration of free lime (CaO). It can be determined according to the methods described in standard NF EN 459-2 "Building lime - Part 2: test methods"; and
- the analysis center 42 may furthermore use the result of analyzes carried out during the manufacture of the clinker, that is to say before the grinding operation.
- the system 5 comprises a memory 43 at which a database is stored which maps to each identifier of an RFID tag 35 physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from the analysis of one or more samples .
- each RFID tag identifier 35 is made to match the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from the analysis of the sample taken at the instant closest to the insertion instant of
- each RFID tag identifier 35 is matched with a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from the analysis of samples taken before and after the insertion of the RFID tag. the RFID tag.
- a 1 ((t 3 -t 1 ) * A 2 + (t 1 -t 2 ) * A 3 ) / (ta-ia) (1)
- the memory 43 corresponds, for example, to a memory of a computer 44, for example a server.
- the server 44 comprises at least one processor adapted to implement a concrete formulation program.
- a concrete formulation program is a program the implementation of which, based on determined values of physical and / or chemical characteristics of a cement, characteristics of aggregates, characteristics of adjuvants, etc., of obtain the concrete formulation to be used to obtain the desired rheological and / or mechanical properties of the concrete. Such a program may be based on empirical, statistical, physical, and other laws.
- the concrete formulation program can implement several parameters for the formulation determination, these parameters can be modified over time, for example to take into account control tests carried out on the concrete manufactured by the manufacturing facility.
- the concrete manufacturing plant 20 comprises an RFID reader 50 which corresponds to a transmitter / receiver adapted to detect the presence of an RFID tag 35 and to exchange data with the RFID tag 35 to obtain the RFID tag 35. identifier stored in the memory of the RFID tag 35.
- the reader 50 is connected to a computer 52 provided with a graphical interface 54, comprising, for example, a display screen.
- the computer 52 is adapted to exchange data with the server 44 via a data exchange link 56, for example the Internet network.
- the exchange of data between the computer 52 and the server 44 may implement a secure data exchange protocol, for example a protocol of the SSL (Secure Socket Layer) type.
- the computer 52 is connected to the production machines that control the weighing device 24 and the mixing system 26.
- FIG. 2 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a method of manufacturing concrete according to an example embodiment of the present invention adapted to the system 5 of FIG.
- step 60 the cement is produced, for example continuously, at the cement plant 10.
- step 62 the cement is produced, for example continuously, at the cement plant 10.
- step 62 during the manufacture of the cement, for example during the transport of cement from the cement production plant 12 to the silo 14, RFID tags 35 are inserted by the module 34 into the cement, for example at regular intervals. For example, an RFID tag is inserted every 100 kilos of cement.
- the module 34 transmits the identifiers of the RFID tags 35 successively inserted into the cement to the module 40 as well as the instants of insertion of the RFID tags 35.
- the method continues in step 64.
- step 64 a batch of cement 30 is extracted from the contents of the silo 14, which corresponds, for example, to the filling of a tank or a tank 32 that can be transported by truck, by train, etc.
- step 66 a batch of cement 30 is extracted from the contents of the silo 14, which corresponds, for example, to the filling of a tank or a tank 32 that can be transported by truck, by train, etc. The process continues in step 66.
- step 66 the batch of cement 30 is transported from the cement plant 10 to the cement manufacturing plant 20.
- the batch of cement 30 can then be stored in the plant 20, for example in the silo 22 .
- steps 70, 72 and 74 Simultaneously with steps 62, 64 and 66 are performed steps 70, 72 and 74.
- step 70 during the manufacture of the cement, for example during the transport of cement from the cement production plant 12 to in silo 14, cement samples are taken by the module 40. This operation can be performed entirely automatically.
- the module 40 transmits the samples to the analysis center 42 as well as the list of successive identifiers of the RFID tags inserted in the cement and the instants of insertion of labels and sampling.
- step 72 continues in step 72.
- each sample is analyzed by the analysis center 42 to determine the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement contained in the sample according to the analysis methods described above.
- the process continues at step 74.
- each RFID tag 35 is stored at the server 44.
- the values of physical and / or chemical characteristics of a cement obtained from a database are matched in a database. the analysis of one or more samples.
- each identifier of an RFID tag 35 is made to match the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from the analysis of the sample taken at the moment closest to the insertion time. of the RFID tag 35.
- each identifier is matched with cement characteristics that correspond to a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from the analysis of samples taken before and / or after the insertion of the RFID tag 35.
- the method continues in step 76.
- step 76 when a portion of the batch of cement 30, which was delivered and stored in the silo 22, is used to produce a concrete, the reader 50 is searched for at least one RFID tag 35 present in the cement. When an RFID tag 35 is detected, its identifier is read by the reader 50 and then transmitted to the computer 52. When several RFID tags are detected by the reader 50, the identifiers of all the RFID tags detected are transmitted to the computer. 52. In the case where no RFID tag is detected by the reader 50, for example after a determined period of time, the reader 50 transmits a message of absence of detection to the computer 52. The process continues to step 78.
- step 78 the computer 52 transmits a request to the server 44, by the link 56, for example by implementing a secure data exchange protocol.
- the request includes in particular the identifier of the detected RFID tag or the identifiers of the RFID tags detected.
- the process continues at step 80.
- step 80 upon receipt of the identifier, the server 44 determines, by means of the concrete formulation program, the actual formulation (quantity of cement, quantity of water, quantity of each class of granulate, quantity and nature admixtures, etc.) to be provided for the manufacture of the concrete from the physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement associated with the identifier and stored in the memory 43 of the server 44. More detailed examples of determination of concrete formulations are described later.
- the actual formulation is transmitted by the server 44 to the computer 52 and is transmitted by the computer 52 to the production automatons of the concrete manufacturing plant 20.
- the data exchanges between the computer 52 and the server 44 and the operation of the server 44 may be performed, in whole or in part, automatically.
- the server 44 supplies the computer 52 with the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement associated with the identifier and stored in the memory 43.
- the computer 52 determines by means of the concrete formulation program, the actual formulation to be provided for the manufacture of concrete from the cement having the physical and / or chemical characteristics received .
- the server 44 can determine the actual formulation to be provided for the manufacture of the concrete from a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement associated with each identifier.
- the The formulation used to make the concrete batch may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement as those of the last cement used to make a mix of the same type of concrete and for which an RFID tag had been detected.
- the formulation used to carry out the concrete batch may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement as those of the last cement used to make a batch of the same type of concrete and for which an RFID tag had been detected and a connection between the computer 52 and the server 44 could be established.
- the formulation used to achieve the mix of concrete may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical properties of cement as those of the last cement used of the same type and produced by the same production plant to make a mix of the same type of concrete and to which an RFID tag had been detected and a link between the computer 52 and the server 44 could be established.
- cement is transported from the silo 22 to the weighing device 24 until reaching the desired amount of cement.
- the reading of the RFID tags can be performed at the silo 22, during the transfer of the cement from the silo 22 to the weighing device 24 or at the weighing device 24.
- the amount of cement required for the mix can be determined just before the start of weighing or at the very beginning of weighing.
- the transfer of cement from silo 22 to weighing device 24 is then interrupted when the desired quantity of cement is obtained.
- the first batch can be made with a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical properties of cement as those of the last cement used to make a mess.
- the formulation used takes into account the characteristics physical and / or chemical cement obtained from the detection of the identifier of an RFID chip inserted in the cement used to make the first batch, this formulation can be adapted to take into account the formulation used for the first batch.
- the formulation used takes into account the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement obtained from the detection. the identifier of an RFID chip inserted into the cement used to make the previous batch. The process continues in step 82.
- step 82 the concrete is made, for example by means of the kneading system 26, using the actual formulation of the concrete.
- Figure 3 shows, in a partial and schematic manner, another embodiment of a system 90 for manufacturing cement and concrete.
- the elements common to the system 5 are designated by the same references.
- one or more RFID tags 92 are inserted into each batch of cement 30, once it is constituted.
- An identifier is stored at each RFID tag 92.
- the identifier can be unique and can differentiate one RFID tag from another.
- the identifiers of all RFID tags 92 inserted in the same batch of cement 30 may be identical.
- additional data may be stored at each RFID tag 92, for example, a cement type identifier and an identifier of the cement plant that produced the cement.
- the system 90 further comprises a module 94 adapted to take a cement sample from each batch of cement 30.
- the module 94 corresponds, for example, to a specimen manipulated by an operator and used to collect a sample of the cement batch Once it is placed in the tank or in the transport tank 32.
- FIG. 4 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a method of manufacturing concrete according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention adapted to the system 90 of FIG.
- step 100 the cement is produced, for example continuously, at the cement plant 10, the cement produced being stored progressively in the silo 14.
- the process continues in step 102.
- step 102 a batch of cement 30 is extracted from the silo 14, which corresponds, for example, to the filling of a tank or a tank 32 that can be transported by truck, by train, etc.
- step 104 at least one RFID tag 92 is inserted into the cement batch 30 obtained in step 102.
- step 106 several RFID tags 92 are inserted into the batch This improves the probability of detection of at least one label.
- a cement sample is taken from the batch of cement 30 by the cement sampling module 94.
- This operation can be carried out in whole or in part by an operator who fills the contents of one or more test pieces with cement taken from the tank or the transport tank 32.
- the same identifier as that of the RFID tag 92 is attributed to the sample taken.
- the identifiers of these tags 92 are assigned to the sample taken. The process continues at step 108.
- step 108 the cement batch 30 is transported from the cement plant 10 to the concrete manufacturing plant 20.
- the batch of cement 30 can then be stored in the plant 20, for example in the silo 22 .
- step 110 the sample is analyzed by the analysis center 42 to determine the physical and / or chemical characteristics. cement contained in the sample according to the methods of analysis described above. The process continues at step 112.
- step 112 the identifier of the cement batch 30 is stored at the server 44. At this identifier, the values of the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained in step 110 are matched in a database. , cement of the sample to which the same identifier is assigned. Steps 110 and 112 can be performed simultaneously with the transport of batch of cement 30 to step 108. The process continues in step 114.
- the reader 50 is searched for at least one RFID tag present in the cement.
- an RFID tag is detected, its identifier is read by the reader 50 and is transmitted to the computer 52.
- the identifiers of these RFID tags are transmitted to the computer 52.
- the reader 50 transmits a message of absence of detection to the computer 52. The process continues with the step 116.
- step 116 the computer 52 transmits a request to the server 44, for example by the link 56, by implementing a secure data exchange protocol.
- the request includes in particular the identifier of the detected RFID tag or the identifiers of the RFID tags detected.
- step 118 upon receipt of the identifier, the server 44 determines, by means of the concrete formulation program, the actual formulation (quantity of cement, quantity of water, quantity of each class of granulate, quantity and nature of the admixtures, etc.) to be provided for the manufacture of the concrete from the physical and / or chemical cement characteristics associated with the identifier and stored in the memory 43 of the server 44.
- the server 44 provides the computer 52 with the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement associated with the identifier and stored in the memory 43.
- the computer 52 determines by means of the concrete formulation program, the actual formulation to be provided for the manufacture of concrete from the cement having the physical and / or chemical characteristics received .
- the server 44 can determine the actual formulation to be provided for the manufacture of the concrete from a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement stored in the memory 43 and associated with each identifier.
- the formulation used to carry out the concrete batch may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement as those of the last cement used to make a batch of the same type of concrete and for which an RFID tag had been detected and a connection between the computer 52 and the server 44 could be established.
- the formulation used to carry out the concrete batch may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement as those of the last cement used to make a mix of the same type of concrete and for which an RFID tag had been detected.
- the formulation used to achieve the mix of concrete may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical properties of cement as those of the last cement used of the same type and produced by the same production plant to make a mix of the same type of concrete and to which an RFID tag had been detected and a link between the computer 52 and the server 44 could be established.
- the process is continued in step 120.
- the concrete is made, for example by means of the mixing system 26, using the actual formulation of the concrete.
- the RFID tags are read before actual manufacture of the concrete from the cement. It is therefore not necessary that the labels are resistant to the concrete manufacturing process (kneading with aggregates) or the physical and chemical stresses present in the concrete (basic and wet medium). This makes it possible to reduce the resistance constraints that RFID tags must satisfy and to use low-cost RFID tags.
- the RFID tags used can be adapted so that their operation continues once the concrete is manufactured. In this case, the labels can be read once the concrete structure is made. From the identifier read, it is then possible to find the actual formulation of concrete that was used to make the work.
- Figure 5 shows a partial schematic, another embodiment of a system 130 for manufacturing cement and concrete. The elements common to the systems 5 and 90 are designated by the same references.
- each batch of cement 30 there is associated with each batch of cement 30 a label 132 corresponding to a support, for example paper or plastic, provided with a barcode or barcode.
- the barcode is a representation of numeric or alphanumeric data in the form of a symbol consisting of bars and spaces whose number and dimensions depend on the symbology used. This is, for example, an EAN (European Data Numbering) bar code according to the specifications issued by the GS1 organization.
- the barcode makes it possible to store various data including at least one identifier of the batch 30.
- the identifier is unique and makes it possible to differentiate one batch of cement from another.
- the identifier corresponds, for example, to an alphanumeric code.
- the barcode may, in addition, allow the storage of data corresponding to a cement type identifier and an identifier of the cement plant.
- the concrete manufacturing facility 20 includes a bar code reader 134 adapted to read the bar code of the label 132 associated with a batch of cement.
- the reader 134 is connected to the computer 52.
- FIG. 6 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a method of manufacturing concrete according to an example embodiment of the present invention adapted to the system 130 of FIG.
- step 140 the cement is produced, for example continuously, at the cement plant 10, the cement produced being stored progressively in the silo 14. The process continues in step 142.
- step 142 a batch of cement 30 is extracted from the contents of the silo 14, which corresponds, for example, to the filling of a tank or a tank 32 that can be transported by truck, by train, etc.
- step 144 a batch of cement 30 is extracted from the contents of the silo 14, which corresponds, for example, to the filling of a tank or a tank 32 that can be transported by truck, by train, etc. The process continues in step 144.
- a label 132 provided with a barcode is assigned to the cement batch 30 obtained in step 142.
- the label 132 is, for example, affixed to the delivery note to be presented by the customer. conveyor of the cement batch 30 upon delivery of the batch of cement 30 to the concrete manufacturing plant 20. The process continues in step 146.
- step 146 a cement sample is taken from the cement batch 30 by the sample collection module 94. This operation can be carried out entirely or in part by an operator who fills the contents of one or more test pieces with cement taken from the tank or the transport tank 32. A duplicate of the label 132 provided with the same barcode is assigned to the sample taken .
- step 148 the batch of cement 30 is transported from the cement plant 10 to the concrete manufacturing plant 20. The batch of cement 30 can then be stored in the cement plant. plant 20, for example in silo 22.
- step 150 the sample is analyzed by the analysis center 42 to determine the physical and / or chemical characteristics. cement contained in the sample according to the methods of analysis described above. The process continues in step 152.
- step 152 the identifier of the cement batch 30 is stored at the server 44. At this identifier, the values of the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained in step 150 are matched in a database. , cement of the sample to which the same identifier is assigned. Steps 150 and 152 can be performed simultaneously with the transport of batch of cement 30 to step 148. The process continues in step 154.
- step 154 when the batch of cement 30 is delivered, the barcode on the label 30 assigned to the batch 30 is read through the reader 134. The process proceeds to step 156.
- step 156 the computer 52 transmits a request to the server 44, by the link 56, by implementing a secure data exchange protocol.
- the request includes in particular the identifier of the batch 30.
- step 158 upon receipt of the identifier, the server 44 determines, by means of the concrete formulation program, the formulation real (quantity of cement, quantity of water, quantity of each class of granulate, quantity and nature of admixtures) to be provided for the manufacture of concrete.
- the cement used to make the concrete comes from the silo 22 which is filled as and when by the batch of cement 30 delivered to the concrete manufacturing plant 20.
- cement from several Different batches may be in silo 22.
- an estimate of the contribution of each batch of cement can be made and the physical and / or chemical characteristics Cement used to determine the actual formulation of the concrete may be an average of the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement of each batch of cement contributing to the prorata of the contribution of each batch of cement.
- the actual formulation is transmitted by the server 44 to the computer 52 and is transmitted by the computer 52 to the production automatons of the concrete manufacturing facility 20.
- the server 44 supplies the computer 52 with the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement associated with the identifier and stored in the memory 43.
- the computer 52 determines by means of the concrete formulation program, the actual formulation to be provided for the manufacture of concrete.
- the formulation used to carry out the mix of concrete may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement as those of the last cement used to make a mix of the same type of concrete and for which an identifier had been read and a connection between the computer 52 and the server 44 could be established.
- the formulation used to achieve the tempering of concrete may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of cement as those of the last cement used of the same type and provided by the same production plant to make a mix of the same type of concrete and to which a barcode had been read and a connection between the computer 52 and the server 44 could be established.
- the process continues at step 120.
- the process continues at step 160.
- step 160 the concrete is made, for example by means of the kneading system 26, using the actual formulation of the concrete.
- the label 132 associated with each batch of cement 30 corresponds to a support provided with a barcode. It is however clear that the present invention can be implemented with any alphanumeric data representation. This is, for example, a two-dimensional code using squares or dots, a sequence of numbers and / or letters, and so on. In addition, depending on the type of coding used, the use of a reader 134 may not be necessary. Indeed, the reading of the tag 132 can be performed visually by an operator who transmits the read code to the computer 52 via the interface 54.
- FIG. 7 represents, in a partial and schematic manner, an example implementation of a cement manufacturing facility 200, called mixing station in the following description. In FIG.
- the mixing station 200 comprises storage means 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D, for example silos (four silos being represented by way of example in FIG. 7) in which the raw materials, in the form of powder, are stored at from which the cement is made.
- silos four silos being represented by way of example in FIG. 7
- Each silo 202A, 202B, 202C and 202D is assigned one of the raw materials from which the cement can be made.
- silos 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D are filled with successive batches 204A, 204B, 204C, 204D of the corresponding raw materials.
- Each batch 204A, 204B, 204C, 204D is transported from a production facility, not shown, of the corresponding raw material.
- the mixing station 200 For each silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D, the mixing station 200 comprises a weighing device 206A, 206B, 206C, 206D of the raw material contained in the silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D corresponding.
- the mixing station 200 further comprises a mixing system or mixer 205.
- the mixing system 205 serves to mix the constituents of the cement. It can be a dedicated mixer.
- the mixing system 205 may correspond to the conveying system of the constituents of the cement, the mixing operation being ensured by the pooling of the constituents during their transport.
- Each weighing device 206A, 206B, 206C, 206D makes it possible to determine by weighing the quantity of the corresponding raw material which will be introduced into the mixer 205 for the production of a batch of cement 208.
- the mixing station 200 can be automated by part or all.
- the weighing devices 206A, 206B, 206C, 206D and the mixer 205 are then controlled by production automats.
- a batch of cement 208 may correspond to ten tons of cement.
- a batch of cement 208 is made from clinker with one or more mineral additions. The constitutions of two batches of cement made successively may be different.
- the mixing station 200 comprises a radiofrequency identification tag insertion module 210A, 210B, 210C, 210D or RFID tags 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D in the raw material before it is stored in the corresponding silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D.
- the present exemplary embodiment implements so-called passive RFID tags insofar as each tag does not include a source of energy of its own and uses the energy supplied by the signals transmitted by the emitter. receiver. This advantageously makes it possible to use RFID tags at low cost.
- the integrated circuit of each RFID tag comprises a non-volatile memory in which is stored an identifier of the RFID tag.
- the identifier is unique and makes it possible to differentiate one RFID tag from another.
- the identifier corresponds, for example, to an alphanumeric code.
- each RFID tag corresponds to a circuit of less than a few millimeters of side. This advantageously makes it possible to reduce the risks of segregation of RFID tags during storage of the raw material.
- each module 210A, 210B, 210C, 210D is adapted to insert an RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D per 100 kg of raw material.
- the insertion of the RFID tags is performed automatically during the filling of each silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D.
- the RFID tags 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D can be inserted in the raw material batches 204A, 204B, 204C, 204D at the time of their production in the corresponding manufacturing facilities.
- the mixing station 200 comprises a sample collection module 214A, 214B, 214C, 214D which is adapted to take, for example at regular intervals, a sample of the raw material from the sample. lot
- 204A, 204B, 204C, 204D when filling silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D.
- a sample is taken every 10 to 20 tons of raw material.
- a sample may correspond to 500 grams of raw material.
- the RFID tag insertion module 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D is connected to the associated sample collection module 214A, 214B, 214C, 214D and is adapted to provide the 214A, 214B, 214C, 214D the identifiers of the labels inserted in the raw material as and when they are inserted.
- the mixing station 200 further comprises an analysis center 216 for conducting a physical and / or chemical analysis of the raw material contained in each sample provided by each sample collection module 214A, 214B, 214C , 214D.
- Each sample collection module 214A, 214B, 214C, 214D is, furthermore, adapted to supply the analysis center 216 with the identifiers of the RFID tags inserted in the associated raw material, the instants of insertion of the RFID tags into the raw material and times of sampling.
- the analysis center 216 may not be located at the same location as the other elements of the mixing station 200.
- the same analysis center 216 may be used in common by several mixing stations. 200 or by one or more mixing stations 200 and other facilities.
- the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the raw material of the sample determined by the analysis center 216 may correspond to one or more of the characteristics listed. previously for the cement and concrete manufacturing system 5 described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the mixing station 200 comprises a computer 220 comprising a memory 218 at which is stored a database that matches each identifier of an RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D with the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from from the analysis of one or more samples. According to one example, for each RFID tag identifier 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D, the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained are compared from the analysis of the sample taken at the moment closest to the insertion time of the RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D.
- each RFID tag identifier 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D is matched a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from the analysis of samples taken before and after the insertion of the RFID tag. For example, considering that an RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D has been inserted at time t1, samples have been taken before and after insertion of the RFID tag 212A, 212B , 212C, 212D respectively at times t 2 and t 3 , that A 2 corresponds to the value of a chemical or physical characteristic of the sample taken at time t 2 , that A 3 corresponds to the value of this same characteristic for the sample taken at time t 3 , then the value A 1 of this same characteristic associated with the identifier of the RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D inserted at time ti can be given by the relation next :
- a 1 ((WA 2 + (t r t 2 ) * A 3 ) / (M 2 ) (1)
- the computer 220 comprises at least one processor adapted to implement a cement formulation program.
- cement formulation program is intended to mean a program whose implementation makes it possible, from determined values of physical and / or chemical characteristics of the clinker, mineral additions, additives, etc., to obtain the formulation of the cement. to be used to obtain desired physical and / or chemical properties of the cement. Such a program may be based on empirical, statistical, physical, and other laws.
- the computer is provided with a graphical interface 224, including, for example, a display screen
- the mixing station 200 comprises an RFID reader 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D which corresponds to a transmitter / receiver adapted to detect the presence of an RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D and exchanging data with the RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D to obtain the identifier stored in the memory of the RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D.
- Each reader 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D is connected to the computer 220.
- FIG. 8 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a method of manufacturing concrete according to an example embodiment of the present invention adapted to the mixing station 200 of FIG. 7.
- step 230 a batch of raw material 204A, 204B, 204C, 204D arrives at the corresponding silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D.
- step 232 during the filling of the silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D, RFID tags 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D are inserted by the insertion module 210A, 210B, 210C, 210D in the raw material, for example at regular intervals. For example, an RFID tag is inserted every 100 kilos of raw material.
- the insertion module 210A, 210B, 210C, 210D transmits the identifiers of the RFID tags 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D successively inserted in the raw material to the sampling module 214A, 214B, 214C, 214D as well as the instants of the samples.
- the method is continued in step 234. Simultaneously with step 232 are performed steps 236, 238 and 240.
- step 236 during the filling of the silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D, raw material samples are taken by the sample collection module 214A, 214B, 214C, 214D.
- This operation can be performed entirely automatically.
- the module 214A, 214B, 214C, 214D transmits the samples to the analysis center 216 as well as the list of successive identifiers of the RFID tags inserted into the cement and the times of insertion of labels and sampling. The process continues at step 238.
- each sample is analyzed by the analysis center 216 to determine the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement contained in the sample according to the analysis methods described above. The process continues at step 240.
- the identifier of each RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D is stored at the memory 218 of the computer 220.
- the values of characteristics are mapped into a database. physical and / or chemical properties of a cement obtained from the analysis of one or more samples.
- the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained are compared from the analysis of the sample taken at the moment closest to the insertion time of the RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D.
- each identifier is matched with cement characteristics that correspond to a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics obtained from the analysis of samples taken before and / or after the insertion of the label.
- RFID 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D The process continues at step 234.
- step 234 when it is desired to produce a batch of cement containing several of the plastomer materials stored in the silos 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D, one searches for each silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D used, by means of the reader 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D associated with at least one RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D present in the raw material.
- an RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D When an RFID tag 212A, 212B, 212C, 212D is detected, its identifier is read by the reader 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D and then transmitted to the computer 220. When several RFID tags are detected by the reader 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, the identifiers of all the RFID tags detected are transmitted to the computer 220. In the case where no RFID tag is detected by the reader 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D, for example after a period of time determined, the reader 222A, 222B, 222C, 222D transmits an absence of detection message to the computer 220. The method continues in step 242.
- the computer 220 determines, by means of the cement formulation program, the actual formulation (quantity of clinker, quantity of each mineral addition, quantity and nature of the adjuvants, etc.) to be provided for the manufacture of the cement. cement from, for each raw material, the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the raw material associated with the identifier and stored in the memory 218 of the computer 220. The actual formulation is transmitted by the computer 220 to the robots of production of the mixing station 200. For each raw material component cement, when several identifiers are provided to the computer 220, the computer 220 can determine the actual formulation to provide for the manufacture of cement from a weighting of physical and / or chemical characteristics of the raw material associated with each identifier.
- the formulation used to produce the batch of cement 208 may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of raw material as those of the last portion of raw material. used to make a batch of the same type of cement and for which an RFID tag had been detected.
- raw material is transported from each loaded silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D to the weighing device 206A, 206B, 206C, 206D corresponding to reach the quantity of material first desired.
- the reading of the RFID tags can be performed at the silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D, during the transfer of the raw material from the silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D to the weighing device 206A, 206B, 206C, 206D or at the level of the weighing device 206A, 206B, 206C 1 206D.
- the amount of raw material needed for cement batch 208 can be determined just before the start of weighing or at the very beginning of weighing.
- the transfer of raw material from the silo 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D to the weighing device 206A, 206B, 206C, 206D is then interrupted when the desired quantity of raw material is obtained.
- the first batch can be made with a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of the raw materials as those of the last portions of raw materials used. to make a batch of the same type of cement and for which an RFID tag had been detected.
- the formulation used takes into account the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the raw material obtained from the detection of the identifier of an RFID chip inserted in the raw material used to produce the first batch, this formulation being able to be adapted to take account of the formulation used for the first batch.
- the formulation used takes into account the physical and / or chemical characteristics of raw material obtained from the detection of the identifier of an RFID chip inserted in the raw material used to produce the previous batch. The process continues at step 244.
- step 244 the cement batch 208 is manufactured, for example by means of the mixer 205, using the actual formulation of the cement.
- FIG. 9 represents, in a partial and schematic manner, another embodiment of a cement manufacturing installation 246. The elements common to the installation 200 are designated by the same references.
- the cement manufacturing facility 246 is suitable for the continuous manufacture of cement batches 208.
- the installation comprises a clinker production system 248.
- the clinker production system 248 can comprise means for extracting raw materials, crushing means for raw materials extracted, means for screening crushed raw materials, means for prehomogenizing the raw materials, means for preparing the raw material, cooking means for obtaining clinker, drying means and a grinding workshop, comprising, for example, a ball mill or a grinder in which the clinker is finely ground.
- the clinker production system 248 provides clinker in powder form continuously to the mixer 205. Samples of the produced clinker are produced, preferably at regular intervals, and transmitted to the analysis center 216. Stored in the memory from the computer the results of the clinker analyzes.
- FIG. 10 illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a method of manufacturing concrete according to an example embodiment of the present invention adapted to the cement manufacturing installation 246 of FIG. 9.
- Steps 250, 252, 254, 256, 258 are respectively identical to steps 230, 232, 234, 240, 242 described above in relation with FIG. 8.
- the continuous production of clinker at step 260 by the clinker production system 248 takes place.
- step 254 to produce a batch of cement containing clinker and at least one of platier materials stored in the silos 202C, 202D, we search for each 202C silo, 202D used, by means of the reader 222C, 222D associated with at least one RFID tag 212C, 212D present in the raw material.
- RFID tag 212C, 212D is detected, its identifier is read by the reader 222C, 222D and then transmitted to the computer 220.
- the identifiers of all the detected RFID tags are transmitted to the computer 220.
- the reader 222C, 222D transmits a message of absence of detection to the computer 220. The method continues in step 262.
- the computer 220 determines, by means of the cement formulation program, the actual formulation (quantity of each mineral addition, quantity and nature of the adjuvants, etc.) to be provided for the manufacture of the cement from, for each mineral addition, physical and / or chemical characteristics of the first mineral addition associated with the identifier and stored in the memory 218 of the computer 220.
- the actual formulation is transmitted by the computer 220 to the automatic production machines the mixing station 200.
- the actual formulation takes into account the latest clinker analysis result (s).
- the computer 220 can determine the actual formulation to be provided for the manufacture of the cement from a weighting of the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the cement.
- mineral addition associated with each identifier the formulation used to produce the batch of cement 208 may correspond to a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical mineral addition characteristics as those of the last portion of mineral addition used to make a batch of the same type of cement and for which an RFID tag had been detected.
- mineral addition is transported from each biased silo 202C, 202D to the weighing device 206C, 206D corresponding to reach the desired amount of mineral addition.
- the RFID tags may be read at silo 202C, 202D or during transfer of mineral addition from silo 202C 1 202D to weighing device 206C, 206D.
- the amount of mineral addition required for the batch of cement 208 can be determined just before the start of weighing or at the very beginning of weighing.
- the mineral addition transfer of the silo 202C, 202D to the weighing device 206C, 206D is then interrupted when the desired amount of mineral addition is obtained.
- the first batch can be made with a formulation using the same physical and / or chemical characteristics of the mineral additions as those of the last portions of mineral additions used to make a batch of the same type of cement and for which an RFID tag had been detected.
- an RFID chip is detected and the physical and / or chemical characteristics of the mineral addition are determined by interrogating the computer 220.
- the formulation used takes into account the physical and / or chemical characteristics of mineral addition obtained from the detection of the identifier of an RFID chip inserted in the mineral addition used to make the first batch, this formulation being adaptable to take into account account account of the formulation used for the first batch.
- the formulation used takes into account the physical and / or chemical characteristics of mineral addition obtained from the detection of the identifier of an RFID chip inserted in the mineral addition used. to make the previous batch.
- the process continues at step 264.
- step 264 the cement batch 208 is made, for example by means of the mixer 205, using the actual formulation of the cement.
- First example correction of the formulation of a concrete in order to preserve the mechanical resistance when the Blaine fineness of the cement varies.
- Table (1) The concrete formulation shown in Table (2) below is used for the manufacture of concrete from CEM1 cement:
- CEM2 cement differs from cement CEM1 in particular in that its Blaine fineness is lower. If the formulation in Table (2) was used with CEM2 cement, the 28-day resistance Rc would have the value given in Table (5):
- the 28-day resistance Rc of the concrete obtained with the cement CEM2 and the formulation of the table (2) is lower than that of the concrete obtained with the cement CEM1.
- the formulation program present at the server 44 (or the computer 52) provides the following new formulation indicated in the table (6) .
- the 28 day resistance Rc obtained is also indicated in Table (6).
- Second example correction of the formulation of a concrete in order to preserve the rheological properties when the concentration in alkalis varies.
- Adjuvant Glenium 27 3.00 L / m3
- CEM2 cement differs from cement CEM1 mainly by a smaller amount of alkali.
- CEM3 cement differs from cement CEM1 mainly by a larger amount of alkali.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0807177A FR2940277B1 (fr) | 2008-12-19 | 2008-12-19 | Procede de fabrication d'un melange de plusieurs constituants dont un liant hydraulique |
| PCT/FR2009/001457 WO2010076431A1 (fr) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-12-18 | Procede de fabrication d'un melange de plusieurs constituants dont un liant hydraulique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2379213A1 true EP2379213A1 (fr) | 2011-10-26 |
Family
ID=40886926
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09804277A Withdrawn EP2379213A1 (fr) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-12-18 | Procede de fabrication d'un melange de plusieurs constituants dont un liant hydraulique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2379213A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2940277B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010076431A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2977583B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-05 | 2014-01-24 | Lafarge Sa | Procede de fabrication d'une composition hydraulique |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003513366A (ja) * | 1999-10-29 | 2003-04-08 | ビルドナウ プライベート リミティド | 製品の特性をモニタするシステム |
| DE10237764B4 (de) * | 2002-08-17 | 2006-07-27 | Economic Versicherungs Vermittlung Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer identifizierbaren Baustoffmischung |
| JP4232117B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2009-03-04 | 三智商事株式会社 | 無線icタグを用いたコンクリート品質管理システム及びセメント製品 |
-
2008
- 2008-12-19 FR FR0807177A patent/FR2940277B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-12-18 EP EP09804277A patent/EP2379213A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-12-18 WO PCT/FR2009/001457 patent/WO2010076431A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2010076431A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2940277B1 (fr) | 2011-03-18 |
| WO2010076431A1 (fr) | 2010-07-08 |
| FR2940277A1 (fr) | 2010-06-25 |
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