EP2362146A1 - Procédé de contrôle d'un appareil de combustion et appareil de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé de contrôle d'un appareil de combustion et appareil de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2362146A1
EP2362146A1 EP20110155550 EP11155550A EP2362146A1 EP 2362146 A1 EP2362146 A1 EP 2362146A1 EP 20110155550 EP20110155550 EP 20110155550 EP 11155550 A EP11155550 A EP 11155550A EP 2362146 A1 EP2362146 A1 EP 2362146A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
combustion
temperature
sensor
smokes
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP20110155550
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2362146B1 (fr
Inventor
Alessandro Bertoncello
Stefano Salvatico
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Individual
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Priority to SI201130626T priority Critical patent/SI2362146T1/sl
Publication of EP2362146A1 publication Critical patent/EP2362146A1/fr
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Publication of EP2362146B1 publication Critical patent/EP2362146B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/10—Measuring temperature stack temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/12—Measuring temperature room temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/13—Measuring temperature outdoor temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method for controlling and adjusting the operating parameters of a combustion apparatus.
  • the present invention also concerns a combustion apparatus suited to implement said method.
  • the above mentioned method and the above mentioned combustion apparatus are particularly but not exclusively suited for use in pellet and/or biomass stoves and heating stoves.
  • the adjustment is an initial setting based on pre-set parameters.
  • the operator cannot correct said parameters that were previously set.
  • combustion apparatuses have been designed that are provided with vacuum sensors, smoke temperature sensors and ambient temperature sensors that during the operation of the combustion apparatus can be managed through a feedback control carried out by means of an electronic unit.
  • Patent documents regarding this last solution are, for example, patent application WO 2006/120717 A1 or patent application EP 1 219 899 A1 . According to these patent documents, the type of control that is obtained concerns the individual operating parameters and is carried out through sensor measurements and individual variation curves of said parameters.
  • the individual parameters are adjusted via a feedback control of their conformity with the set reference values.
  • a drawback that is observed in these apparatuses lies in that each parameter is adjusted independently of the others.
  • the adjustment of vacuum inside/at the level of the combustion chamber as measured by the vacuum sensor is carried out independently of the adjustment of the smoke temperature measured by the smoke temperature sensor and of the ambient temperature measured by the ambient temperature sensor.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate also the above mentioned drawback.
  • control and adjustment method and the combustion apparatus according to the invention make it possible to implement an integrated system the minimises wastes and enhances the efficiency of the apparatus.
  • the increased efficiency of the combustion apparatus according to the invention reduces environmental pollution.
  • the combustion apparatus makes it possible to reduce consumption and atmospheric pollution by recovering the unburnt gases present in the exhaust gases and re-introducing them in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion apparatus of the invention is indicated as a whole by 1 in Figure 1 and by 20 in Figure 2 , and comprises:
  • the combustion control unit 3 is provided with one or more ports for the input of signals emitted by the sensors, which are connected to the input ports, and with one or more ports for the output of signals for controlling the means for supplying the fuel-comburent mixture into the combustion chamber 2 and the means for extracting the smokes let out by the combustion chamber 2 .
  • the control carried out by the control unit 3 includes the presence of feedback controls emitted based on a series of curves of correlation with the values measured by the sensors.
  • control unit 3 comprises an electronic unit managed by means of input data processing software.
  • control unit 3 is provided with programmable means for processing and adjusting with feedback the input and output signals according to the above mentioned correlation curves.
  • the combustion apparatus 1 , 20 comprises, as mentioned above, a plurality of sensors for detecting the operating conditions of the combustion apparatus, including the following:
  • vacuum it is important to specify that it can be measured at the entrance of the combustion chamber or inside the combustion chamber.
  • the measurement can also be measured at the outlet of the combustion chamber, in which case the measurement will concern pressure and not vacuum. However, in all of the three cases the purpose of the measurement is the same.
  • this can be measured both at the outlet of the combustion chamber and inside the combustion chamber, at the level of the burner.
  • the first and the second sensor are temperature probes for the generation of a climatic curve 26 .
  • the third sensor is a temperature probe for the generation of a fuel supply curve 7 .
  • the fourth and fifth sensors are vacuum sensors for the generation of a smoke extraction curve 22 .
  • control unit 3 is connected to means for detecting the percentage of oxygen present in the smokes, that comprise a lambda sensor 27 for measuring the smoke emissions and intervene in the processing of the smoke extraction curve 22 and in the modulation of the by-pass valve 29 .
  • the lambda sensor 27 if necessary activates an electrostatic filter 28 for reducing the particulate matter (the so-called PM10), so as to respect the pre-fixed emission values.
  • the combustion apparatus 1 comprises a vacuum sensor 4 that measures the static and dynamic vacuum in the combustion smoke exhaust circuit of the stove/boiler and generates a smoke extraction curve 5 that is obtained based on the input data.
  • the vacuum is preferably but not exclusively measured by means of a vacuum sensor provided with a Venturi pipe.
  • the output data according to the smoke extraction curve 5 are processed by the control unit 3 that, in case of deviation from the pre-set values, emits output electric signals that are conveyed to a fan (not illustrated) suited to adjust the quantity of comburent, that is, air.
  • the combustion apparatus 1 also comprises a sensor 6 for measuring the temperature of the smokes let out by the combustion chamber 2 .
  • the signals of the sensor 6 generate a fuel supply curve 7 that takes in consideration the ratio between the smoke temperature and the quantity of fuel supplied per unit of time.
  • the output data according to the curve 7 are processed by the control unit 3 that, in case of deviation from the pre-set parameters, emits electric signals suited to adjust the quantity of fuel that is supplied.
  • the combustion apparatus 1 shown in Figure 1 also comprises an ambient temperature sensor 8 that measures the temperature in the room to be heated and generates a climatic curve 9 .
  • the output data of the climatic curve 9 are processed by the control unit 3 , which also in this case emits electric signals for the adjustment of the quantity of fuel supplied to the stove/boiler through the electric motors that operate the fuel supply unit, or for the adjustment of the comburent air (not illustrated in the figures).
  • FIG. 2 shows a different embodiment of the combustion apparatus according to the invention, indicated now by 20 , which differs from the one illustrated in Figure 1 due to the fact that there are further sensors.
  • an atmospheric pressure sensor 21 is provided in the room to be heated and connected to the control unit 3 , and interacts with the vacuum sensor 4 described above in order to generate a smoke extraction curve 22 .
  • a humidity sensor 24 intervenes in the generation of the smoke extraction curve 22 and of the fuel supply curve 23 , and measures the humidity present in the room where the stove/boiler has been installed, considering to what extent the combustion process is affected by the relative humidity.
  • the combustion apparatus 20 of Figure 2 also comprises an external temperature sensor 25 , which measures the temperature of the environment outside the building where the stove/boiler has been installed and calculates the difference between the measured temperature value and the pre-set temperature value, adjusting the quantity of fuel and/or comburent according to the temperature difference to be compensated for.
  • a motorised by-pass throttle valve 29 is provided, visible in Figure 3 , which serves to recycle part of the exhaust smokes containing unburnt substances in the combustion chamber.
  • combustion apparatus of the invention operates according to the method described here below, illustrated in Figures from 4 to 11 and comprising:
  • the operator sets an initial value of the temperature to be obtained in the room (thermostat temperature), after which it is possible to determine on the x-axis the power modulation coefficient C m of the combustion apparatus, obtaining it according to a first correlation curve A , which expresses the values of the climatic curve, and based on the value of the external temperature.
  • the values of the external temperature are indicated on the y-axis in the cartesian graph of Figure 4 .
  • Each value of the power modulation coefficient defined in the x-axis of the graph of Figure 4 defines in its turn a single curve belonging to the bundle of curves shown in the graph of Figure 5 .
  • the graph of Figure 5 shows on the x-axis the value of the heating power P t of the combustion apparatus according to the second correlation curve B , selected among the curves of the bundle, representing the power modulation coefficient C m , and based on the difference ⁇ T between the set temperature and the temperature of the air/water circulating in the combustion apparatus 1 , 20 .
  • the values of the difference between the temperature set and the temperature of the air/water circulating in the combustion apparatus can be read on the y-axis in the cartesian graph of Figure 5 .
  • the first step consisting in fact in the determination of power based on the difference in temperature, is thus concluded.
  • the heating power value obtained from the graph of Figure 5 is then included among the values indicated on the x-axis of the graph of Figure 6 , where the second step of the method according to the invention begins.
  • the vacuum p inside/at the level of the combustion chamber is determined according to a third correlation curve C , visible in the graph of Figure 6 , and based on the value of the heating power P t .
  • the third correlation curve is actually represented by several curves, among which it is possible to identify an optimal vacuum curve D included between two minimum and maximum vacuum curves.
  • the number of rpm of the fan motor N f is determined on the y-axis according to a fourth correlation curve and based on the value of the vacuum p in Pascal, measured on the x-axis and calculated based on the values obtained from the graph of Figure 6 .
  • the second step intended to determine the heating power according to the optimal rpm is thus concluded.
  • the third step of the method according to the invention is illustrated in the graphs of Figures 8 and 9 .
  • the values of the smoke temperature of the graph of Figure 9 are obtained based on the values obtained from the graph of Figure 8 .
  • the fourth step of the method according to the invention includes the determination of the percentage of oxygen present in the smokes inside/at the level of the combustion chamber and is illustrated in the graphs of Figures 10 and 11 .
  • the x-axis shows the difference ⁇ T f between the smoke temperature measured and the smoke temperature actually calculated in the graph of Figure 8 .
  • Said value is obtained on the x-axis of the graph of Figure 10 according to an eighth correlation curve H of the valve motor voltage V dc and based on the difference ⁇ T f between the smoke temperature measured and the smoke temperature actually calculated in the graph of Figure 8 .
  • the value just obtained can be accepted only in the case where there are no excess quantities of oxygen in the exhaust smokes of the combustion apparatus 1 , 20 .
  • the value of the voltage V dc to be applied to the by-pass valve 29 is obtained from the x-axis of the graph of Figure 10 according to a ninth correlation curve G of the voltage for the regulation of the valve motor and based on the percentage of oxygen O 2 % present in the exhaust smokes.
  • the adjustment of the parameters aimed at maintaining the correct percentage of oxygen has priority over all the other adjustments. This means that when an excess quantity of oxygen is detected, first of all it is necessary to pilot the various parameters in order to lower the quantity of oxygen below the required values.
  • All the operation and control logics of the apparatus including in particular the shapes of the correlation curves, are stored and managed in the control unit 3 .
  • all the curves described in these graphs have a linear trend, except for the graph of Figure 9 which shows a broken line with a saw-tooth profile.
  • combustion apparatus and the control and adjustment method of the invention achieve all the set objects.
  • combustion apparatus it is possible to provide for continuous monitoring of the stove/boiler, thus obtaining very high efficiency and reducing costs by approximately 60% compared to the combustion apparatuses of known type.
  • the invention achieves the object to provide a combustion apparatus and a method for controlling and adjusting its operating parameters that make up an integrated system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP11155550.4A 2010-02-23 2011-02-23 Procédé de contrôle d'un appareil de combustion à granulés et/ou biomasse et appareil de combustion à granulés et/ou biomasse Active EP2362146B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201130626T SI2362146T1 (sl) 2010-02-23 2011-02-23 Kontrolni postopek za kurilno napravo na pelete in/ali biomaso in kurilna naprava na pelete in/ali biomaso, ki deluje po takem postopku

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITVI2010A000042A IT1398456B1 (it) 2010-02-23 2010-02-23 Apparato di combustione a pellet e/o a biomasse.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2362146A1 true EP2362146A1 (fr) 2011-08-31
EP2362146B1 EP2362146B1 (fr) 2015-07-15

Family

ID=42831091

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11155550.4A Active EP2362146B1 (fr) 2010-02-23 2011-02-23 Procédé de contrôle d'un appareil de combustion à granulés et/ou biomasse et appareil de combustion à granulés et/ou biomasse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2362146B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2550519T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE027936T2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1398456B1 (fr)
SI (1) SI2362146T1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105387452A (zh) * 2015-12-14 2016-03-09 嘉兴华清能源科技有限公司 一种可自动控制的生物质颗粒燃烧锅炉系统
IT201800002922A1 (it) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-21 Klover S R L "Metodo per il controllo del rifornimento di combustibile solido in un apparato di riscaldamento e relativo apparato di riscaldamento"
IT201800005896A1 (it) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-01 Camporese Enzo Dispositivo modulare autonomo con possibile integrazione in sistemi di combustione preesistenti, consistente in un microprocessore ASIC appositamente progettato, con funzionalità plug and play per le varie sonde di misura esistenti in commercio per ottimizzare la combustione di biomassa. Attraverso la analisi qualitativa e quantitativa della quantità di ossigeno e altri elementi derivanti dalla combustione, gestisce in modo autonomo interfacciando diverse tipologie di attuatori alimentati sia in tensione continua che alternata

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1219899A1 (fr) 2000-12-20 2002-07-03 Toyotomi Co., Ltd. Système de commande pour une installation de combustion
WO2006120717A1 (fr) 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Systema S.P.A. Dispositif de chauffage a tubes rayonnants
DE102007055168A1 (de) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-20 Siemens Ag Österreich Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1219899A1 (fr) 2000-12-20 2002-07-03 Toyotomi Co., Ltd. Système de commande pour une installation de combustion
WO2006120717A1 (fr) 2005-05-11 2006-11-16 Systema S.P.A. Dispositif de chauffage a tubes rayonnants
DE102007055168A1 (de) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-20 Siemens Ag Österreich Verfahren zur Regelung einer Festbrennstoff-Befeuerungseinrichtung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105387452A (zh) * 2015-12-14 2016-03-09 嘉兴华清能源科技有限公司 一种可自动控制的生物质颗粒燃烧锅炉系统
IT201800002922A1 (it) * 2018-02-21 2019-08-21 Klover S R L "Metodo per il controllo del rifornimento di combustibile solido in un apparato di riscaldamento e relativo apparato di riscaldamento"
IT201800005896A1 (it) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-01 Camporese Enzo Dispositivo modulare autonomo con possibile integrazione in sistemi di combustione preesistenti, consistente in un microprocessore ASIC appositamente progettato, con funzionalità plug and play per le varie sonde di misura esistenti in commercio per ottimizzare la combustione di biomassa. Attraverso la analisi qualitativa e quantitativa della quantità di ossigeno e altri elementi derivanti dalla combustione, gestisce in modo autonomo interfacciando diverse tipologie di attuatori alimentati sia in tensione continua che alternata

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1398456B1 (it) 2013-02-22
ITVI20100042A1 (it) 2011-08-24
ES2550519T3 (es) 2015-11-10
EP2362146B1 (fr) 2015-07-15
HUE027936T2 (en) 2016-11-28
SI2362146T1 (sl) 2015-11-30

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