EP2358545B1 - Ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic sensor and method for operating an ultrasonic sensor - Google Patents

Ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic sensor and method for operating an ultrasonic sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2358545B1
EP2358545B1 EP09783378.4A EP09783378A EP2358545B1 EP 2358545 B1 EP2358545 B1 EP 2358545B1 EP 09783378 A EP09783378 A EP 09783378A EP 2358545 B1 EP2358545 B1 EP 2358545B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
ultrasonic transducer
reverberation time
transducer
memory
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EP09783378.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2358545A2 (en
Inventor
Frank Hoenes
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/18—Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor and a method of operating an ultrasonic sensor.
  • Ultrasonic sensors use an ultrasonic transducer to convert an electrical excitation signal into an ultrasonic pulse. Due to the mechanical inertia of the ultrasound transducer, the ultrasound transducer also continues to oscillate after one end of an electrical excitation signal and emits an ultrasound pulse that is prolonged with respect to the electrical excitation. This additional duration is called the ringing time.
  • the ultrasonic transducers are also used to receive echoes of the ultrasonic pulses. Since an echo can not be distinguished from a ringing, no electrical signal is evaluated during the ringing time.
  • the ringing time is subject to various influences, e.g. Contamination, aging, icing in winter, material fatigue, damage caused by falling rocks, subsequent painting.
  • the US 2006/201252 discloses a method for detecting material damage in ultrasonic transducers in which measured values are compared with threshold values.
  • the US 6338716 also discloses an ultrasonic transducer with an integrated memory in which data can be stored.
  • the ultrasonic transducer includes an integrated memory for storing at least one ringing time of the unobstructed ultrasonic transducer.
  • This ringing time is independent of later influences, e.g. Painting, installation in a bumper, installation in a vehicle, temperature fluctuations, aging. Due to the knowledge of the pure ringing time due to the structure of the ultrasonic transducer, the influences of the environment or the installation can be determined.
  • the storage can take place before or / and after the painting and / or further assembly steps.
  • a corresponding number of memories are provided, in which the individual Nachschwing devise can be stored.
  • the ringing time is individually readable for each ultrasonic transducer.
  • An ultrasound sensor or the evaluation system (system could read out memory and unlock the receiving window based on the time) can individually set a start of the distance measurement after the emission of an ultrasound pulse for each ultrasound transducer. As a result, the shortest detectable distance can be reduced.
  • the evaluation system can read in the ringing time once or read it in regularly, e.g. at a system start or when starting the measurement. Alternatively, read-in of the ring-back time may be accomplished by reinstalling a single ultrasonic transducer, e.g. when replacing a defective ultrasonic transducer, done.
  • the adaptation thus takes into account both sensor-side changes (environmental influences, etc.) and sensor replacement.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor.
  • This includes at least one ultrasonic transducer having an integrated memory in which a first ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer is stored in the uninstalled state.
  • a readout device is used to read the first Nachschwingzeit from the memory.
  • a measuring device serves for determining a second ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer installed in the ultrasonic sensor and
  • An evaluation device is used to deactivate the ultrasound transducer if the second reverberation time deviates from the first reverberation time by more than a tolerance range and / or serves to set a flag in the memory if the second reverberation time deviates from the first reverberation time by more than a tolerance range.
  • the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers can be permanently increased by a variety of influences. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of degradation.
  • the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers can be influenced by influences such as e.g. Rockfall can also be reduced. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of a relevant change. The consequence of rockfall can lead to loss of sensor sensitivity to total failure.
  • influences such as e.g. Rockfall can also be reduced. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of a
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an ultrasonic sensor comprising the steps of: reading out a first ringing time from an integrated memory of ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic sensor; Determining a second ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers installed in the ultrasonic sensor; and deactivating the ultrasonic transducers whose second ringing time deviates from the first ringing time by more than a tolerance range.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer 1 in cross section.
  • a diaphragm pot 2 is formed, for example, by an open-topped tube, one opening of which is spanned by a membrane 3.
  • the membrane 3 is mechanically coupled to an electro-mechanical transducer 4, which converts an electrical signal into a mechanical movement.
  • electro-mechanical transducer 4 examples include piezo-active ceramic stacks or a coil in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
  • the interior of the diaphragm pot 2 can be sprayed with a foam 5.
  • the foam 5 leads to a mechanical coupling of the electro-mechanical transducer 4 with the diaphragm pot 2.
  • the foam 5 has a damping effect on the oscillatory movement of the membrane 3.
  • other damping fillers can be used.
  • the electro-mechanical transducer 4 can be excited with an electrical periodic signal, whereby the membrane 3 is placed in a vibration corresponding frequency. After switching off the electrical periodic signal, the membrane 3 oscillates for a Nachschwingzeit. The duration of the ringing time is determined by the inertia of the membrane 3, the electro-mechanical transducer 4 and the damping properties of the foam 5 and the (damping) properties of the connected electrical circuit 20 at the converter 4.
  • the electrical circuit 20 provides the signal for exciting the ultrasonic transducer 4 and evaluates the ultrasonic signals of the membrane.
  • the electrical circuit 20 consists of at least one interface 15 and a measuring device 13. It can also include the memory 6 in one embodiment. There is at least one electrical circuit 20 that can excite or evaluate one or more transducers 4.
  • the ringing time can be measured in a test environment or under other known conditions.
  • the reverberation time can be determined individually for each ultrasound transducer 1 including or excluding the associated electronics 20, or samples for a batch of ultrasound transducers 1 with / without electronics are taken. If the converter 4 is installed together with the electrical circuit 20 as a unit, the ringing time results from the total unit. In separately arranged units of converter 4 and electrical circuit 20, the ringing time refers to the converter 4.
  • the combination converter 4 and separate electrical circuit 20 results in a greater dispersion in the total ringing time.
  • a memory 6 is integrated in the ultrasonic transducer 1, e.g. within the diaphragm pot 2 or in the electro-mechanical transducer 4 or in the electronics 20, a memory 6 is integrated. Examples of the memory 6 are EEPROMs, flash memory. The previously determined ringing time of the single, unobstructed ultrasonic transducer 1 is stored in the memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1, e.g. stored as Nachschwingzeit 21.
  • the ringing time recorded in the memory 6 (for example measured in the painted state, with decoupling ring,...) Is a characteristic feature of the ultrasonic transducer 1. It is not or only to a negligible extent influenced by further processing.
  • the installation of the sensor in the bumper can change the reverberation time. However, this should be done only to a small extent, if the installation takes place correctly. In a faulty mounting, the influences can be greater and lead to significant deviations of the ultrasonic transducer 1 of their unobstructed properties and also to each other. Exactly at this point, due to the individual Nachschwingzeit a test at the first assembly or in case of repair (exchange of the walker) possible.
  • the ringing time of the converter 4 may alternatively after the first correct shoring e.g. be stored in the bumper again under defined measuring conditions at a second location in memory 6 as Nachschwingzeit 22.
  • a comparison of the ringing time 21 and 22 takes place with a current measured value.
  • An evaluation can take into account an influence of the temperature on the vibration behavior. From long-term measurements a temporal change, aging can be determined.
  • a model can determine the typical aging as a function of operating time and / or mileage of a vehicle. This model can be taken into account when comparing a current measurement with the stored ringing times 21, 22.
  • Fig. 2 shows an ultrasonic sensor 10 in partial section.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 10 several, for example two, ultrasonic transducers 1 are installed.
  • a memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1 the respective Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer 1 is stored.
  • the ultrasonic transducers 1 are connected, for example, via decoupling rings 11 to a housing 12 of the ultrasonic sensor 10.
  • the housing of the ultrasonic sensor 10 may be partially formed by a bumper.
  • the housing 12 may be composed of several parts, e.g. a housing for receiving the transducer 1 and a second part in the form of the bumper.
  • the decoupling rings 11 are intended to prevent crosstalk of the vibration of the diaphragm 3 on the housing 12.
  • the material properties and the geometry of the housing 12 influence the reverberation time of the ultrasound transducer 1.
  • the housings 12 can be designed differently for each sensor position. Crosstalk is dependent on the implementation of the installation of the ultrasonic transducer 1 and the decoupling rings 11. Therefore, the ringing time for identical ultrasonic transducers 1 after installation in the ultrasonic sensor 10 or the housing 12 may be different.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 10 has a measuring device 13.
  • the measuring device 13 is used in standard mode to determine a distance based on a duration of ultrasound pulses.
  • the measuring device 13 can deliver an electrical excitation pulse to the ultrasonic transducers 1, whereupon the diaphragm 3 is excited to vibrate.
  • the measuring device 13 detects electrical signals of the diaphragm 3, when it is mechanically excited by an incoming ultrasonic echo.
  • the measuring device 13 can address a plurality of transducers 4 by means of an addressing device and a multiplexer device. Alternatively, each transducer 4 is assigned its own measuring device 13. This measuring device 13 may for example also be integrated in the housing of the converter 4.
  • the measuring device 13 can be used in a test mode for determining the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 installed in the ultrasonic sensor 10.
  • the measuring method that is carried out provides the following steps.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 1 is excited by an electrical excitation pulse.
  • an electrical signal is output, which is output from the ultrasonic transducer 1.
  • no ultrasonic echoes are to be expected, which is why it can be assumed that the electrical signal results from a ringing of the membrane 3. This is due to the measuring arrangement or the time of measurement to make sure.
  • a duration between the end of the electrical excitation pulse and the time when the electrical signal from the ultrasound transducer 1 is below a detection threshold is evaluated. The evaluation can be repeated several times, in particular if the vehicle is or has been moved in the meantime in order to avoid incorrect measurements due to near-reflecting objects.
  • the duration is assigned to a ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 in the installed state.
  • An evaluation device 14 reads from the memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1 e.g. whose Nachschwingzeit in the uninstalled state. For this purpose, corresponding interfaces 15 are provided. The two reverberation times in the unassembled and installed state are compared with each other. If a deviation which is greater than a tolerance value results, the evaluation device 14 recognizes the ultrasonic transducer 1 as defective or incorrectly installed. The ultrasonic transducer 1 is deactivated or, alternatively, the measuring device 13 of this ultrasonic transducer 1 is notified as defective, so that it is no longer taken into account in further distance measurements. Alternatively or additionally, a flag can be set in the memory 6, which holds the recognition as defective. A subsequent change of the flag can advantageously be prevented by appropriate measures. Subsequent repair or hiding a faulty installation can thus be prevented. Measures for preventing a subsequent correction include a write-once memory cell, an encoded storage, etc.
  • the tolerance value may be fixedly assigned to the evaluation device 14.
  • the tolerance value can be determined by the evaluation device 14.
  • the evaluation device 14 determines the deviation of the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 in the installed and uninstalled state for each ultrasonic transducer 1.
  • the deviation can be determined, for example, as difference or quotient.
  • the median of the deviation is determined as a guideline value. If the deviation of an ultrasound transducer 1 differs by more than a tolerance factor from the median, this ultrasound transducer 1 is recognized as defective.
  • the ambient temperature can be used for the evaluation.
  • the continuously determined Nachschwingzeit in the installed state can be stored in one embodiment in the memory 6 as Nachschwingzeit 23, 24, ... of the ultrasonic transducer 1. This makes it possible a long-term behavior of the individual ultrasonic transducers 1 track. In a further embodiment, storage is possible depending on the mileage and / or the temperature (weather conditions).
  • An embodiment determines the tolerance value from the long-term behavior.
  • a first period of operation e.g. the first 100 hours of operation or the first 1000 km of the motor vehicle
  • the ringing in the installed state is determined.
  • the determined value is recorded and applies as a guideline for the ringing or the tolerance value.
  • the tolerance value or the reference variable can be stored in the memory 6. Based on this benchmark, for example, small damage caused by stone chipping etc. can be determined by comparison.
  • One embodiment determines the tolerance value from the long-term behavior, e.g. during one year cycle.
  • the ringing over the typical course of an environmental cycle (summer / winter) is recorded.
  • the evaluation unit 14 and electrical circuit 20 the determination of the Nachschwingzeit over the period is initiated.
  • the shortest and the longest ringing time with the associated conditions, e.g. Temperature are stored in the memory 6.
  • the minimum and maximum temperature at which a reverberation test was performed can be stored with. (Low or high temperature does not have to produce min or max reverberation times). From these values, the evaluation device can determine the expected reverberation time. By comparing the current ringing time with stored values, an influence on the measuring device (contamination, icing, damage, ...) can be detected when exceeding or undershooting a limit.
  • the memory 6 may be a non-volatile memory whose values can not be changed. This allows a subsequent check on the individual ultrasonic transducer 1, if it has been properly installed.
  • the ringing time of the unobstructed ultrasonic transducer 1 can be determined for different temperatures, radiation powers, etc.
  • the determined dependencies of the ringing time can also be stored in the memory 6 in the form of correction values or as a table with corresponding reverberation times.
  • the evaluation device 13 of the ultrasonic sensor 10 can determine the ringing time corresponding to the operating conditions. The pauses between the emission of the ultrasonic pulse and the reception of the echoes can be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis of the individual ultrasonic transducers 1 can be carried out with increased reliability.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Ultraschallsensor und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Ultraschallsensors.The present invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor and a method of operating an ultrasonic sensor.

Ultraschallsensoren nutzen einen Ultraschallwandler, um ein elektrisches Anregungssignal in einen Ultraschallpuls umzuwandeln. Aufgrund der mechanischen Trägheit des Ultraschallwandlers schwingt der Ultraschallwandler auch nach einem Ende eines elektrischen Anregungssignals weiter und strahlt einen gegenüber der elektrischen Anregung verlängerten Ultraschallpuls ab. Diese zusätzliche Dauer wird als Nachschwingzeit bezeichnet.Ultrasonic sensors use an ultrasonic transducer to convert an electrical excitation signal into an ultrasonic pulse. Due to the mechanical inertia of the ultrasound transducer, the ultrasound transducer also continues to oscillate after one end of an electrical excitation signal and emits an ultrasound pulse that is prolonged with respect to the electrical excitation. This additional duration is called the ringing time.

Die Ultraschallwandler werden auch zum Empfangen von Echos der Ultraschallpulse verwendet. Da ein Echo von einem Nachschwingen nicht unterschieden werden kann, wird während der Nachschwingzeit kein elektrisches Signal ausgewertet.The ultrasonic transducers are also used to receive echoes of the ultrasonic pulses. Since an echo can not be distinguished from a ringing, no electrical signal is evaluated during the ringing time.

Die Nachschwingzeit unterliegt vielfältigen Einflüssen, z.B. Verschmutzung, Alterung, Vereisung im Winter, Materialermüdung, Beschädigung durch Steinschlag, nachträgliche Lackierung.The ringing time is subject to various influences, e.g. Contamination, aging, icing in winter, material fatigue, damage caused by falling rocks, subsequent painting.

Aus der JP 2003-248050 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, das während des Betriebs eines Ultraschallsensors die Nachschwingzeit der Ultraschallwandler in einem Lernmodus bei jedem Betriebsstart neu bestimmt. Aus dem ermittelten Nachschwingverhalten wird auf ein Fehlverhalten der Ultraschallwandler geschlossen.From the JP 2003-248050 For example, a method is known which, during the operation of an ultrasonic sensor, redetermines the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers in a learning mode at each start of operation. From the determined Nachschwingverhalten is concluded that a malfunction of the ultrasonic transducer.

Die US 2006/201252 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von Materialschäden in Ultraschallwandlern bei dem Messwerte mit Schwellwerten verglichen werden.The US 2006/201252 discloses a method for detecting material damage in ultrasonic transducers in which measured values are compared with threshold values.

Die US 6338716 offenbart zudem einen Ultraschallwandler mit einem integrierten Speicher, in welchem Daten abgespeichert werden können.The US 6338716 also discloses an ultrasonic transducer with an integrated memory in which data can be stored.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Der Ultraschallwandler beinhaltet einen integrierten Speicher zum Speichern mindestens einer Nachschwingzeit des unverbauten Ultraschallwandlers.The ultrasonic transducer includes an integrated memory for storing at least one ringing time of the unobstructed ultrasonic transducer.

Diese Nachschwingzeit ist unabhängig von später einwirkenden Einflüssen, z.B. Lackieren, Verbau in einem Stoßfänger, Verbau in einem Fahrzeug, Temperaturschwankungen, Alterung. Auf Grund der Kenntnis der reinen Nachschwingzeit bedingt durch den Aufbau des Ultraschallwandlers können die Einflüsse der Umgebung bzw. des Einbaus bestimmt werden. Die Speicherung kann vor oder/und nach dem Lackieren und/oder weiteren Montageschritten statt finden. Gegebenenfalls sind eine entsprechende Anzahl von Speichern vorgesehen, in die die einzelnen Nachschwingzeiten abgelegt werden können.This ringing time is independent of later influences, e.g. Painting, installation in a bumper, installation in a vehicle, temperature fluctuations, aging. Due to the knowledge of the pure ringing time due to the structure of the ultrasonic transducer, the influences of the environment or the installation can be determined. The storage can take place before or / and after the painting and / or further assembly steps. Optionally, a corresponding number of memories are provided, in which the individual Nachschwingzeiten can be stored.

Die Nachschwingzeit ist individuell für jeden Ultraschallwandler auslesbar. Ein Ultraschallsensor bzw. das Auswertesystem (System könnte Speicher auslesen und anhand der Zeit das Empfangsfenster angepasst freischalten) kann einen Beginn der Entfernungsmessung nach dem Aussenden eines Ultraschallpulses individuell für jeden Ultraschallwandler einstellen. Hierdurch kann die kürzest erfassbare Distanz verringert werden. Das Auswertungssystem kann die Nachschwingzeit einmalig einlesen oder regelmäßig neu einlesen, z.B. bei einem Systemstart oder beim Starten der Messung. Alternativ kann ein Einlesen der Nachschwingzeit durch einen Neueinbau eines einzelnen Ultraschallwandlers, z.B. beim Austausch eines defekten Ultraschallwandlers, erfolgen. Somit ist eine stete Anpassung des Auswertungssystems an die Nachschwingzeit der aktuell verbauten Sensoren möglich. Die Anpassung berücksichtigt somit sowohl sensorseitige Änderungen (Umgebungseinflüsse etc.) sowie Sensortausch.The ringing time is individually readable for each ultrasonic transducer. An ultrasound sensor or the evaluation system (system could read out memory and unlock the receiving window based on the time) can individually set a start of the distance measurement after the emission of an ultrasound pulse for each ultrasound transducer. As a result, the shortest detectable distance can be reduced. The evaluation system can read in the ringing time once or read it in regularly, e.g. at a system start or when starting the measurement. Alternatively, read-in of the ring-back time may be accomplished by reinstalling a single ultrasonic transducer, e.g. when replacing a defective ultrasonic transducer, done. Thus, a constant adjustment of the evaluation system to the Nachschwingzeit the currently installed sensors is possible. The adaptation thus takes into account both sensor-side changes (environmental influences, etc.) and sensor replacement.

Ein Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft einen Ultraschallsensor. Dieser beinhaltet wenigstens einen Ultraschallwandler, der einen integrierten Speicher aufweist, in welchem eine erste Nachschwingzeit des Ultraschallwandlers im unverbauten Zustand gespeichert ist. Eine Ausleseeinrichtung dient zum Auslesen der ersten Nachschwingzeit aus dem Speicher. Eine Messeinrichtung dient zum Bestimmen einer zweiten Nachschwingzeit des in den Ultraschallsensor eingebauten Ultraschallwandlers und
eine Auswertungseinrichtung dient zum Deaktivieren des Ultraschallwandlers, wenn die zweite Nachschwingzeit von der ersten Nachschwingzeit um mehr als einen Toleranzbereich abweicht und/oder dient zum Setzen eines Flags in dem Speicher, wenn die zweite Nachschwingzeit von der ersten Nachschwingzeit um mehr als einen Toleranzbereich abweicht.One aspect of the invention relates to an ultrasonic sensor. This includes at least one ultrasonic transducer having an integrated memory in which a first ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer is stored in the uninstalled state. A readout device is used to read the first Nachschwingzeit from the memory. A measuring device serves for determining a second ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer installed in the ultrasonic sensor and
An evaluation device is used to deactivate the ultrasound transducer if the second reverberation time deviates from the first reverberation time by more than a tolerance range and / or serves to set a flag in the memory if the second reverberation time deviates from the first reverberation time by more than a tolerance range.

Die Nachschwingzeit der Ultraschallwandler kann durch vielfältige Einflüsse permanent erhöht werden. Da die Nachschwingzeit eines Loses einer Serie von Ultraschallwandlern nur mit einer Toleranz angegeben werden kann, lassen sich aus aktuellen Messungen der Nachschwingzeit im Betrieb nur bedingt Rückschlüsse auf eine mögliche Verschlechterung ziehen. Der Vergleich des individuellen Werts der Nachschwingzeit des Ultraschallwandlers und einer aktuellen Messung ermöglichen eine genauere Erkennung einer Degradation.The ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers can be permanently increased by a variety of influences. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of degradation.

Die Nachschwingzeit der Ultraschallwandler kann durch Einflüsse wie z.B. Steinschlag auch verringert werden. Da die Nachschwingzeit eines Loses einer Serie von Ultraschallwandlern nur mit einer Toleranz angegeben werden kann, lassen sich aus aktuellen Messungen der Nachschwingzeit im Betrieb nur bedingt Rückschlüsse auf eine mögliche Verschlechterung ziehen. Der Vergleich des individuellen Werts der Nachschwingzeit des Ultraschallwandlers und einer aktuellen Messung ermöglichen eine genauere Erkennung einer relevanten Änderung. Die Folge des Steinschlags kann zum Verlust in der Sensorempfindlichkeit bis zum Totalausfall führen..The ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers can be influenced by influences such as e.g. Rockfall can also be reduced. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of a relevant change. The consequence of rockfall can lead to loss of sensor sensitivity to total failure.

Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Ultraschallsensors mit den Schritten: Auslesen einer ersten Nachschwingzeit aus einem integrierten Speicher von Ultraschallwandlern des Ultraschallsensors; Bestimmen einer zweiten Nachschwingzeit der Ultraschallwandler eingebaut in den Ultraschallsensor; und Deaktivieren der Ultraschallwandler, deren zweite Nachschwingzeit von der ersten Nachschwingzeit um mehr als einen Toleranzbereich abweicht.Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an ultrasonic sensor comprising the steps of: reading out a first ringing time from an integrated memory of ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic sensor; Determining a second ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers installed in the ultrasonic sensor; and deactivating the ultrasonic transducers whose second ringing time deviates from the first ringing time by more than a tolerance range.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen und beigefügten Figuren erläutert. In den Figuren zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Ausführungsform eines Ultraschallwandlers und
Fig. 2
eine Ausführungsform eines Ultraschallsensors.
The present invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments and attached figures. In the figures show:
Fig. 1
an embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer and
Fig. 2
an embodiment of an ultrasonic sensor.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform eines Ultraschallwandler 1 im Querschnitt. Ein Membrantopf 2 ist zum Beispiel durch eine oben offene Röhre gebildet, deren eine Öffnung von einer Membran 3 überspannt ist. Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer 1 in cross section. A diaphragm pot 2 is formed, for example, by an open-topped tube, one opening of which is spanned by a membrane 3.

Die Membran 3 ist mit einem elektro-mechanischer Wandler 4 mechanisch gekoppelt, der ein elektrisches Signal in eine mechanische Bewegung umsetzt. Beispiele für einen elektro-mechanischen Wandler 4 sind piezoaktive Keramikstapel oder eine Spule im magnetischen Feld eines Permanentmagneten.The membrane 3 is mechanically coupled to an electro-mechanical transducer 4, which converts an electrical signal into a mechanical movement. Examples of an electro-mechanical transducer 4 are piezo-active ceramic stacks or a coil in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.

Der Innenraum des Membrantopfs 2 kann mit einem Schaumstoff 5 ausgespritzt sein. Der Schaumstoff 5 führt zu einer mechanischen Kopplung des elektro-mechanischen Wandlers 4 mit dem Membrantopf 2. Der Schaumstoff 5 wirkt dämpfend auf die Schwingbewegung der Membran 3. Anstelle eines Schaumstoffs 5 können auch andere dämpfende Füllstoffe verwendet werden.The interior of the diaphragm pot 2 can be sprayed with a foam 5. The foam 5 leads to a mechanical coupling of the electro-mechanical transducer 4 with the diaphragm pot 2. The foam 5 has a damping effect on the oscillatory movement of the membrane 3. Instead of a foam 5, other damping fillers can be used.

Der elektro-mechanische Wandler 4 kann mit einem elektrischen periodischen Signal angeregt werden, wodurch die Membran 3 in eine Schwingung entsprechender Frequenz versetzt wird. Nach dem Abschalten des elektrischen periodischen Signals schwingt die Membran 3 für eine Nachschwingzeit nach. Die Dauer der Nachschwingzeit ist durch die Trägheit der Membran 3, des elektro-mechanischen Wandlers 4 und die Dämpfungseigenschaften des Schaumstoffs 5 sowie den (dämpfenden) Eigenschaften der angeschlossenen elektrischen Schaltung 20 am Wandler 4 vorgegeben. Die elektrische Schaltung 20 stellt das Signal zur Anregung des Ultraschallwandlers 4 zur Verfügung und wertet die Ultraschallsignale der Membran aus. Die elektrische Schaltung 20 besteht wenigstens aus einer Schnittstelle 15 und einer Messeinrichtung 13. Sie kann in einer Ausführung auch den Speicher 6 beinhalten. Es gibt mindestens eine elektrische Schaltung 20, die einen oder mehrere Wandler 4 anregen bzw. auswerten kann.The electro-mechanical transducer 4 can be excited with an electrical periodic signal, whereby the membrane 3 is placed in a vibration corresponding frequency. After switching off the electrical periodic signal, the membrane 3 oscillates for a Nachschwingzeit. The duration of the ringing time is determined by the inertia of the membrane 3, the electro-mechanical transducer 4 and the damping properties of the foam 5 and the (damping) properties of the connected electrical circuit 20 at the converter 4. The electrical circuit 20 provides the signal for exciting the ultrasonic transducer 4 and evaluates the ultrasonic signals of the membrane. The electrical circuit 20 consists of at least one interface 15 and a measuring device 13. It can also include the memory 6 in one embodiment. There is at least one electrical circuit 20 that can excite or evaluate one or more transducers 4.

Nach der Fertigstellung des Ultraschallwandlers 1 kann die Nachschwingzeit in einer Prüfumgebung oder unter anderen bekannten Bedingungen ausgemessen werden. Die Nachschwingzeit kann individuell für jeden Ultraschallwandler 1 inklusive oder exklusive der zugehörigen Elektronik 20 ermittelt werden oder es werden Stichproben für ein Los von Ultraschallwandlern 1 mit/ohne Elektronik genommen. Ist der Wandler 4 zusammen mit der elektrischen Schaltung 20 als Einheit verbaut, so ergibt sich die Nachschwingzeit aus der Gesamteinheit. Bei getrennt angeordneten Einheiten aus Wandler 4 und elektrischer Schaltung 20 bezieht sich die Nachschwingzeit auf den Wandler 4. Die Kombination Wandler 4 und separate elektrische Schaltung 20 ergibt eine größere Streuung in der gesamten Nachschwingzeit.After completion of the ultrasonic transducer 1, the ringing time can be measured in a test environment or under other known conditions. The reverberation time can be determined individually for each ultrasound transducer 1 including or excluding the associated electronics 20, or samples for a batch of ultrasound transducers 1 with / without electronics are taken. If the converter 4 is installed together with the electrical circuit 20 as a unit, the ringing time results from the total unit. In separately arranged units of converter 4 and electrical circuit 20, the ringing time refers to the converter 4. The combination converter 4 and separate electrical circuit 20 results in a greater dispersion in the total ringing time.

Nachfolgende Erläuterungen beziehen sich zur einfacheren Beschreibung nur auf eine der oben aufgezeigten Kombinationen, nämlich einen Wandler 4 mit separater Elektronik 20.The following explanations relate to the simpler description of only one of the above-mentioned combinations, namely a converter 4 with separate electronics 20th

In dem Ultraschallwandler 1, z.B. innerhalb des Membrantopfs 2 oder in dem elektro-mechanischen Wandler 4 oder in der Elektronik 20 ist ein Speicher 6 integriert. Beispiele für den Speicher 6 sind EEPROMs, Flash-Speicher. Die zuvor ermittelte Nachschwingzeit des einzelnen, unverbauten Ultraschallwandlers 1 wird in dem Speicher 6 des Ultraschallwandlers 1 z.B. als Nachschwingzeit 21 abgespeichert.In the ultrasonic transducer 1, e.g. within the diaphragm pot 2 or in the electro-mechanical transducer 4 or in the electronics 20, a memory 6 is integrated. Examples of the memory 6 are EEPROMs, flash memory. The previously determined ringing time of the single, unobstructed ultrasonic transducer 1 is stored in the memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1, e.g. stored as Nachschwingzeit 21.

Die in dem Speicher 6 festgehaltene Nachschwingzeit (z.B. gemessen im lackierten Zustand, mit Entkopplungsing, ...) ist eine charakteristische Eigenschaft des Ultraschallwandlers 1. Sie ist nicht oder nur in vernachlässigbarem Umfang durch eine weitere Verarbeitung beeinflusst. Der Verbau des Sensors in den Stoßfänger kann die Nachschwingzeit verändern. Dies soll aber nur in geringem Maße erfolgen, sofern der Verbau korrekt statt findet. Bei einer Fehlmontage können die Einflüsse größer werden und zu signifikanten Abweichungen der Ultraschallwandler 1 von ihren unverbauten Eigenschaften und auch zueinander führen. Genau an diesem Punkt wird aufgrund der individuellen Nachschwingzeit eine Prüfung bei der Erstmontage oder aber auch im Reparaturfall (Tausch des Wanders) möglich. Die Nachschwingzeit des Wandlers 4 kann alternativ nach dem ersten korrekten Verbau z.B. im Stoßfänger wieder unter definierten Messbedingungen an einer zweiten Stelle im Speicher 6 als Nachschwingzeit 22 gespeichert werden. Ein Vergleich der Nachschwingzeit 21 und 22 erfolgt mit einem aktuellen Messwert Eine Auswertung kann einen Einfluss der Temperatur auf das Schwingungsverhalten berücksichtigen. Aus Langzeitmessungen kann eine zeitliche Änderung, Alterung ermittelt werden. Ein Modell kann die typische Alterung in Abhängigkeit einer Betriebsdauer und/oder einer Kilometerleistung eines Fahrzeuges festlegen. Dieses Modell kann beim Vergleich einer aktuellen Messung mit den gespeicherten Nachschwingzeiten 21, 22 berücksichtigt werden.The ringing time recorded in the memory 6 (for example measured in the painted state, with decoupling ring,...) Is a characteristic feature of the ultrasonic transducer 1. It is not or only to a negligible extent influenced by further processing. The installation of the sensor in the bumper can change the reverberation time. However, this should be done only to a small extent, if the installation takes place correctly. In a faulty mounting, the influences can be greater and lead to significant deviations of the ultrasonic transducer 1 of their unobstructed properties and also to each other. Exactly at this point, due to the individual Nachschwingzeit a test at the first assembly or in case of repair (exchange of the walker) possible. The ringing time of the converter 4 may alternatively after the first correct shoring e.g. be stored in the bumper again under defined measuring conditions at a second location in memory 6 as Nachschwingzeit 22. A comparison of the ringing time 21 and 22 takes place with a current measured value. An evaluation can take into account an influence of the temperature on the vibration behavior. From long-term measurements a temporal change, aging can be determined. A model can determine the typical aging as a function of operating time and / or mileage of a vehicle. This model can be taken into account when comparing a current measurement with the stored ringing times 21, 22.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Ultraschallsensor 10 im Teilschnitt. In dem Ultraschallsensor 10 sind mehrere, beispielhaft zwei, Ultraschallwandler 1 eingebaut. In einem Speicher 6 der Ultraschallwandler 1 ist die jeweilige Nachschwingzeit des Ultraschallwandlers 1 gespeichert. Fig. 2 shows an ultrasonic sensor 10 in partial section. In the ultrasonic sensor 10, several, for example two, ultrasonic transducers 1 are installed. In a memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1, the respective Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer 1 is stored.

Die Ultraschallwandler 1 sind beispielsweise über Entkopplungsringe 11 mit einem Gehäuse 12 des Ultraschallsensors 10 verbunden. Das Gehäuse des Ultraschallsensors 10 kann teilweise durch einen Stoßfänger gebildet werden. Das Gehäuse 12 kann aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzt sein z.B. einem Gehäuse zur Aufnahme des Wandlers 1 und einem zweiten Teil in Form des Stoßfängers.The ultrasonic transducers 1 are connected, for example, via decoupling rings 11 to a housing 12 of the ultrasonic sensor 10. The housing of the ultrasonic sensor 10 may be partially formed by a bumper. The housing 12 may be composed of several parts, e.g. a housing for receiving the transducer 1 and a second part in the form of the bumper.

Die Entkopplungsringe 11 sollen ein Übersprechen der Schwingung der Membran 3 auf das Gehäuse 12 verhindern. Die Materialeigenschaften und die Geometrie des Gehäuses 12 beeinflussen unter Anderem die Nachschwingzeit des Ultraschallwandlers 1. Die Gehäuse 12 können für jede Sensorposition unterschiedlich ausgeführt sein. Ein Übersprechen ist von der Ausführung des Einbaus der Ultraschallwandler 1 und der Entkopplungsringe 11 abhängig. Daher kann sich die Nachschwingzeit für identische Ultraschallwandler 1 nach dem Einbau in den Ultraschallsensor 10 bzw. das Gehäuse 12 verschieden sein.The decoupling rings 11 are intended to prevent crosstalk of the vibration of the diaphragm 3 on the housing 12. Among other things, the material properties and the geometry of the housing 12 influence the reverberation time of the ultrasound transducer 1. The housings 12 can be designed differently for each sensor position. Crosstalk is dependent on the implementation of the installation of the ultrasonic transducer 1 and the decoupling rings 11. Therefore, the ringing time for identical ultrasonic transducers 1 after installation in the ultrasonic sensor 10 or the housing 12 may be different.

Nachträglich am Wandler vorgenommene Lackierarbeiten können die Nachschwingzeit verändern. Hierbei nimmt sowohl die zusätzliche Masse des Lacks auf der Membran als auch die Wärmebehandlung zum Trocknen des Lacks auf die Nachschwingzeit Einfluss.Subsequent painting done on the converter can change the Nachschwingzeit. In this case, both the additional mass of the lacquer on the membrane and the heat treatment for drying the lacquer influence the reverberation time.

Der Ultraschallsensor 10 weist eine Messeinrichtung 13 auf. Die Messeinrichtung 13 dient im Standardbetrieb, um eine Entfernung anhand einer Laufzeit von Ultraschallpulsen zu bestimmen. Die Messeinrichtung 13 kann einen elektrischen Anregungspuls an die Ultraschallwandler 1 abgeben, worauf die Membran 3 zum Schwingen angeregt wird. Ferner erfasst die Messeinrichtung 13 elektrische Signale der Membran 3, wenn diese durch ein eingehendes Ultraschallecho mechanisch angeregt wird. Die Messeinrichtung 13 kann mittels einer Adressiereinrichtung und einer Multiplexereinrichtung mehrere Wandler 4 ansprechen. Alternativ wird jedem Wandler 4 eine eigene Messeinrichtung 13 zugeordnet. Diese Messeinrichtung 13 kann beispielsweise auch in dem Gehäuse des Wandlers 4 integriert sein.The ultrasonic sensor 10 has a measuring device 13. The measuring device 13 is used in standard mode to determine a distance based on a duration of ultrasound pulses. The measuring device 13 can deliver an electrical excitation pulse to the ultrasonic transducers 1, whereupon the diaphragm 3 is excited to vibrate. Furthermore, the measuring device 13 detects electrical signals of the diaphragm 3, when it is mechanically excited by an incoming ultrasonic echo. The measuring device 13 can address a plurality of transducers 4 by means of an addressing device and a multiplexer device. Alternatively, each transducer 4 is assigned its own measuring device 13. This measuring device 13 may for example also be integrated in the housing of the converter 4.

Die Messeinrichtung 13 kann in einem Testbetrieb zum Ermitteln der Nachschwingzeit der Ultraschallwandler 1 eingebaut in den Ultraschallsensor 10 verwendet werden. Das durchgeführte Messverfahren sieht im Wesentlichen die folgenden Schritte vor. Der Ultraschallwandler 1 wird durch einen elektrischen Anregungspuls angeregt. Unmittelbar nach Beendigung des elektrischen Anregungspulses wird ein elektrisches Signal aufgezeichnet, das von dem Ultraschallwandler 1 abgegeben wird. Anfänglich sind noch keine Ultraschallechos zu erwarten, weshalb angenommen werden kann, dass das elektrische Signal von einem Nachschwingen der Membran 3 herrührt. Dies ist durch die Messanordnung oder den Messzeitpunkt sicher zu stellen. Ausgewertet wird eine Dauer zwischen dem Ende des elektrischen Anregungspulses und dem Zeitpunkt, wenn das elektrische Signal von dem Ultraschallwandler 1 unterhalb einer Erfassungsschwelle liegt. Die Auswertung kann mehrfach wiederholt werden, insbesondere wenn das Fahrzeug zwischenzeitlich bewegt wird oder wurde, um Fehlmessungen aufgrund naher reflektierender Objekte zu vermeiden. Die Dauer wird einer Nachschwingzeit des Ultraschallwandlers 1 im eingebauten Zustand zugeordnet.The measuring device 13 can be used in a test mode for determining the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 installed in the ultrasonic sensor 10. Essentially, the measuring method that is carried out provides the following steps. The ultrasonic transducer 1 is excited by an electrical excitation pulse. Immediately after completion of the electrical excitation pulse, an electrical signal is output, which is output from the ultrasonic transducer 1. Initially no ultrasonic echoes are to be expected, which is why it can be assumed that the electrical signal results from a ringing of the membrane 3. This is due to the measuring arrangement or the time of measurement to make sure. A duration between the end of the electrical excitation pulse and the time when the electrical signal from the ultrasound transducer 1 is below a detection threshold is evaluated. The evaluation can be repeated several times, in particular if the vehicle is or has been moved in the meantime in order to avoid incorrect measurements due to near-reflecting objects. The duration is assigned to a ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 in the installed state.

Eine Auswertungseinrichtung 14 liest aus dem Speicher 6 des Ultraschallwandlers 1 z.B. dessen Nachschwingzeit im unverbauten Zustand aus. Hierzu sind entsprechende Schnittstellen 15 vorgesehen. Die beiden Nachschwingzeiten im unverbauten und verbauten Zustand werden miteinander verglichen. Ergibt sich eine Abweichung, die größer als ein Toleranzwert ist, erkennt die Auswertungseinrichtung 14 den Ultraschallwandler 1 als defekt oder fehlerhaft eingebaut. Der Ultraschallwandler 1 wird deaktiviert oder alternativ wird der Messeinrichtung 13 dieser Ultraschallwandler 1 als defekt mitgeteilt, so dass er bei weiteren Abstandsmessungen nicht mehr berücksichtigt wird. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann in dem Speicher 6 ein Flag gesetzt werden, das das Erkennen als defekt festhält. Eine nachträgliche Änderung des Flags kann vorteilhafterweise durch eine entsprechende Maßnahmen verhindert werden. Eine nachträgliche Reparatur oder ein Vertuschen eines fehlerhaften Einbaus kann somit verhindert werden. Maßnahmen zum Verhindern eines nachträglichen Korrigierens umfassen eine einmal beschreibbare Speicherzelle, eine kodiertes Abspeichern etc.An evaluation device 14 reads from the memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1 e.g. whose Nachschwingzeit in the uninstalled state. For this purpose, corresponding interfaces 15 are provided. The two reverberation times in the unassembled and installed state are compared with each other. If a deviation which is greater than a tolerance value results, the evaluation device 14 recognizes the ultrasonic transducer 1 as defective or incorrectly installed. The ultrasonic transducer 1 is deactivated or, alternatively, the measuring device 13 of this ultrasonic transducer 1 is notified as defective, so that it is no longer taken into account in further distance measurements. Alternatively or additionally, a flag can be set in the memory 6, which holds the recognition as defective. A subsequent change of the flag can advantageously be prevented by appropriate measures. Subsequent repair or hiding a faulty installation can thus be prevented. Measures for preventing a subsequent correction include a write-once memory cell, an encoded storage, etc.

Der Toleranzwert kann der Auswertungseinrichtung 14 fest vorgegeben sein.The tolerance value may be fixedly assigned to the evaluation device 14.

Alternativ kann der Toleranzwert von der Auswertungseinrichtung 14 ermittelt werden. Hierzu bestimmt die Auswertungseinrichtung 14 für jeden Ultraschallwandler 1 die Abweichung der Nachschwingzeit des Ultraschallwandlers 1 im verbauten und unverbauten Zustand. Die Abweichung kann beispielsweise als Differenz oder Quotient ermittelt werden. Der Median der Abweichung wird als Richtwert ermittelt. Unterscheidet sich die Abweichung eines Ultraschallwandlers 1 um mehr als einen Toleranzfaktor von dem Median, wird dieser Ultraschallwandler 1 als defekt erkannt.Alternatively, the tolerance value can be determined by the evaluation device 14. For this purpose, the evaluation device 14 determines the deviation of the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 in the installed and uninstalled state for each ultrasonic transducer 1. The deviation can be determined, for example, as difference or quotient. The median of the deviation is determined as a guideline value. If the deviation of an ultrasound transducer 1 differs by more than a tolerance factor from the median, this ultrasound transducer 1 is recognized as defective.

Zusätzlich kann die Umgebungstemperatur zur Auswertung mit herangezogen werden. Die fortlaufend bestimmte Nachschwingzeit im eingebauten Zustand kann in einer Ausführungsform im Speicher 6 als Nachschwingzeit 23, 24,... der Ultraschallwandler 1 abgespeichert werden. Hierdurch ist es möglich ein Langzeitverhalten der einzelnen Ultraschallwandler 1 nachzuverfolgen. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist eine Speicherung in Abhängigkeit der Kilometerleistung und/oder der Temperatur (Witterungsbedingungen) möglich.In addition, the ambient temperature can be used for the evaluation. The continuously determined Nachschwingzeit in the installed state can be stored in one embodiment in the memory 6 as Nachschwingzeit 23, 24, ... of the ultrasonic transducer 1. This makes it possible a long-term behavior of the individual ultrasonic transducers 1 track. In a further embodiment, storage is possible depending on the mileage and / or the temperature (weather conditions).

Eine Ausgestaltung ermittelt den Toleranzwert aus dem Langzeitverhalten. Während einer ersten Betriebszeit, z.B. den ersten 100 Betriebsstunden oder den ersten 1000 km des Kraftfahrzeugs, wird das Nachschwingen im eingebauten Zustand bestimmt. Der ermittelte Wert wird festgehalten und gilt als Richtgröße für das Nachschwingen bzw. den Toleranzwert. Der Toleranzwert bzw. die Richtgröße kann in dem Speicher 6 abgelegt werden. Anhand dieser Richtgröße können beispielsweise kleine Beschädigungen durch Steinschlag etc. durch Vergleich ermittelt werden.An embodiment determines the tolerance value from the long-term behavior. During a first period of operation, e.g. the first 100 hours of operation or the first 1000 km of the motor vehicle, the ringing in the installed state is determined. The determined value is recorded and applies as a guideline for the ringing or the tolerance value. The tolerance value or the reference variable can be stored in the memory 6. Based on this benchmark, for example, small damage caused by stone chipping etc. can be determined by comparison.

Eine Ausgestaltung ermittelt den Toleranzwert aus dem Langzeitverhalten z.B. während eines Jahreszyklus. Es wird das Nachschwingen über den typischen Verlauf eines Umweltzyklus (Sommer/Winter) erfasst. Über die Auswerteeinheit 14 und elektrische Schaltung 20 wird die Ermittlung der Nachschwingzeit über den Zeitraum veranlasst. Die kürzeste und die längste Nachschwingzeit mit den zugehörigen Bedingungen, z.B. Temperatur, werden im Speicher 6 abgelegt. Zusätzlich kann die minimale und maximale Temperatur, bei der ein Nachschwingtest durchgeführt wurde mit gespeichert werden. (Tiefe oder hohe Temperatur müssen nicht min. oder max. Nachschwingzeiten produzieren). Aus diesen Werten kann die Auswerteeinrichtung die erwartete Nachschwingzeit ermitteln. Über den Vergleich aktuelle Nachschwingzeit mit gespeicherten Werten, lässt sich beim Über-/Unterscheiten einer Grenze eine Beeinflussung der Messeinrichtung (Verschmutzung, Vereisung, Beschädigung,...) erkennen.One embodiment determines the tolerance value from the long-term behavior, e.g. during one year cycle. The ringing over the typical course of an environmental cycle (summer / winter) is recorded. About the evaluation unit 14 and electrical circuit 20, the determination of the Nachschwingzeit over the period is initiated. The shortest and the longest ringing time with the associated conditions, e.g. Temperature are stored in the memory 6. In addition, the minimum and maximum temperature at which a reverberation test was performed can be stored with. (Low or high temperature does not have to produce min or max reverberation times). From these values, the evaluation device can determine the expected reverberation time. By comparing the current ringing time with stored values, an influence on the measuring device (contamination, icing, damage, ...) can be detected when exceeding or undershooting a limit.

Der Speicher 6 kann ein Permanentspeicher sein, dessen Werte nicht mehr geändert werden können. Dies ermöglicht eine nachträgliche Kontrolle am einzelnen Ultraschallwandler 1, ob dieser ordnungsgemäß eingebaut wurde.The memory 6 may be a non-volatile memory whose values can not be changed. This allows a subsequent check on the individual ultrasonic transducer 1, if it has been properly installed.

Die Nachschwingzeit des unverbauten Ultraschallwandlers 1 kann für verschiedene Temperaturen, Abstrahlleistungen etc. ermittelt werden. Die ermittelten Abhängigkeiten der Nachschwingzeit kann ebenfalls in dem Speicher 6 in Form von Korrekturgrößen oder als Tabelle mit entsprechenden Nachschwingzeiten abgespeichert werden. Die Auswertungseinrichtung 13 des Ultraschallsensors 10 kann den Betriebsbedingungen entsprechende Nachschwingzeit bestimmen. Die Pausen zwischen dem Aussenden des Ultraschallpulses und dem Empfangen der Echos kann entsprechend angepasst werden. Ferner kann eine Fehlerdiagnose der einzelnen Ultraschallwandler 1 mit einer erhöhten Verlässlichkeit durchgeführt werden.The ringing time of the unobstructed ultrasonic transducer 1 can be determined for different temperatures, radiation powers, etc. The determined dependencies of the ringing time can also be stored in the memory 6 in the form of correction values or as a table with corresponding reverberation times. The evaluation device 13 of the ultrasonic sensor 10 can determine the ringing time corresponding to the operating conditions. The pauses between the emission of the ultrasonic pulse and the reception of the echoes can be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis of the individual ultrasonic transducers 1 can be carried out with increased reliability.

Claims (5)

  1. Ultrasonic sensor (10) having
    at least one ultrasonic transducer (1) having an integrated memory (6) which stores a first reverberation time of the ultrasonic transducer (1) in the uninstalled state,
    a reading device (15) for reading the first reverberation time from the memory (6),
    a measuring device (13) for determining a second reverberation time of the ultrasonic transducer (1) installed in the ultrasonic sensor (10), and
    an evaluation device (13) for deactivating the ultrasonic transducer (1) if the second reverberation time differs from the first reverberation time by more than a tolerance range and/or for setting a flag in the memory (6) if the second reverberation time differs from the first reverberation time by more than a tolerance range.
  2. Ultrasonic sensor according to Claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducers (1) have at least one further memory for recording the second reverberation time of the painted and/or installed ultrasonic transducer (1) in a bumper.
  3. Method for operating an ultrasonic sensor (10), having the steps of:
    reading a first reverberation time of the ultrasonic transducer in the uninstalled state from an integrated memory (6) of ultrasonic transducers (1) of the ultrasonic sensor (10);
    determining a second reverberation time of the ultrasonic transducers (1) installed in the ultrasonic sensor (10); and
    at least one of the steps of: deactivating the ultrasonic transducers and setting a flag in the memory (6) if a difference between the first reverberation time and the second reverberation time is greater than a threshold value.
  4. Method according to Claim 3, wherein the threshold value is determined on the basis of a median of the differences of all ultrasonic transducers (1) of the ultrasonic sensor (10).
  5. Method according to Claim 3 or 4, wherein the second reverberation time of the installed ultrasonic transducer (1) is determined in intervals and the second reverberation time is recorded in the memory (6) of the ultrasonic transducer (6).
EP09783378.4A 2008-11-21 2009-09-24 Ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic sensor and method for operating an ultrasonic sensor Active EP2358545B1 (en)

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DE102008043958A1 (en) 2010-05-27
CN102224019A (en) 2011-10-19
CN102224019B (en) 2014-06-11
EP2358545A2 (en) 2011-08-24

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