EP2346729A2

EP2346729A2 - Hybrid drive system

Info

Publication number: EP2346729A2
Application number: EP09781734A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stephan Otto
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2008-08-19
Filing date: 2009-08-12
Publication date: 2011-07-27
Also published as: JP2012500154A; CN102123898A; WO2010020565A2; US20110208379A1; WO2010020565A3; DE102008041351A1

Abstract

A hybrid drive system (2, 19) for a motor vehicle (1, 18) comprises an electric motor (3) and a combustion engine (6). The electric motor (3) and the combustion engine (6) are at least temporarily coupled (7, 10, 11) to each other at a fixed speed ratio. The speed of the hybrid drive system (2, 19) is sensed by a speed sensing device (12). The data obtained in said manner is used for at least partially controlling the electric motor (3) and the combustion engine (6).

Description

description

Title hybrid propulsion system

State of the art

The invention relates to a hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle, which has at least one control system, at least one Drehzahlerfassungsvor- direction, at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine, and in which at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine at least temporarily coupled to each other in a fixed speed ratio , The invention further relates to a method for operating at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine, in which at least one of the electric machines and at least one of the internal combustion engines are designed and configured such that they are operated at least temporarily in a fixed speed ratio to each other.

Against the background of rising crude oil prices and the emerging changes in the global climate, the demand for low-consumption and fuel-efficient motor vehicles is becoming increasingly greater.

A promising approach for such low-consumption and fuel-efficient motor vehicles is the use of hybrid propulsion systems. In hybrid propulsion systems, in addition to the normal combustion engine, another engine is used that uses a different form of energy to power the motor vehicle. In practice, electric motors have prevailed for this purpose. By using additional motors, it is possible, on the one hand, to operate the internal combustion engine largely permanently in a particularly energy-efficient operating mode. The drive energy supplied by the internal combustion engine, which is not used at a certain time for driving the motor vehicle, can be temporarily stored in an energy store, such as an accumulator. At a later time, the energy thus stored can be used to drive the motor vehicle. In addition, it is also possible to convert the kinetic energy of the motor vehicle into electrical energy during a deceleration of the motor vehicle and to temporarily store it in the accumulator. The braking energy is not lost.

Due to these (and other) effects, motor vehicles with hybrid propulsion systems are particularly fuel-efficient, especially if the vehicle is operated in stop-and-go traffic or in city traffic.

Due to the still relatively young technology, there are still a large number of previously unresolved subproblems which hitherto prevent the rapid spread of hybrid propulsion systems.

The costs for hybrid drive systems are still a big problem. Since an electric motor must be provided in addition to the combustion engine, the costs rise accordingly. Additional costs arise from the fact that both internal combustion engine and electric motor must be provided with additional sensors and additional control devices, which must also have sufficient accuracy.

The hybrid drive systems known in the prior art have corresponding disadvantages. Disclosure of the Invention Advantages of the Invention

It is therefore proposed to have a hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle which has at least one control system, at least one speed detection device, at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine, wherein at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine are at least temporarily coupled to one another in a fixed speed ratio in such a way that the control system at least at times uses the data of a first speed detection device for at least partially controlling at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine. The at least simultaneous recording of the speed of the at least one electric machine and the speed of the at least one internal combustion engine by means of a first speed detection device and their use for at least partial control of both at least one electric motor, and at least one internal combustion engine takes place in particular at such times (or time periods ), in which the at least one electric machine and the at least one internal combustion engine in a fixed speed ratio are coupled together. At times when the electric machine and the internal combustion engine are coupled to each other, the use and possibly the provision of a first (common) speed detection device is often completely sufficient, and it may be necessary to use an additional speed detection device or the use of completely omitted from this data. It should be pointed out here that a (more precise) knowledge about the rotational speed of the electric machine and / or internal combustion engine is usually required in particular when the vehicle is in an active driving operation, such as in an acceleration process, for example. a driving operation or a Rekuperationsbetrieb is located. However, in such Bethebszuständen the motor vehicle is often already present a coupling of electric machine and engine. In the other operating conditions in which there may be no coupling between the electric machine and the internal combustion engine in fixed speed ratio to each other, of the individual (common) speed detection device, not the (respective) speed for both machines (ie electric machine and engine) are detected However, speed may, if necessary, be roughly estimated by other parameters (for example, the electric power of an electric machine or the electric power of an injection pump for an internal combustion engine), or an additional, independent speed detection device in another area of the Hybrid drive system can be provided. The additional, independent speed detection device can usually be constructed simpler than the common speed detection device, so that the overall arrangement can still be cheaper. If necessary, the data obtained by it can only be used to control the hybrid drive system (or parts thereof, in particular for controlling the internal combustion engine), if the internal combustion engine and the electric motor are operated "independently of one another" (ie not in a fixed speed ratio to one another). However, it is also possible for the data obtained by the additional speed detection device to be used in principle to fulfill certain control information, and only other types of control functions, for which, for example, more accurate data are required, are then implemented using data from the first speed detection device Incidentally, if the internal combustion engine and the electric motor are operated in a fixed speed ratio to each other, it is sufficient that the internal combustion engine and the electric machine are fully equipped a fixed, known speed ratio are coupled together (for example via a planetary gear). From the speed, for example, the electric machine can then be closed by a simple multiplication with the appropriate factor on the speed of the engine. Of course, it is also possible that the fixed speed ratio in different operating states of the hybrid drive system is different, but during the actual operating state is constant. In other words, it is also possible for the speed ratio of the electric machine and the internal combustion engine to be "switched." The term "electric machine" particularly refers to electric motors, electric generators, and electric machines that are operated at times as electric motors and temporarily as generators be understood. In principle, any speed detection devices known from the prior art can be used as the speed detection device, such as speed detection devices which make it possible to determine the rotational speed of the corresponding device with the aid of an encoder wheel by electrical, electromagnetic, magnetic or optical means. In the case of correspondingly designed speed detection devices, a substantially continuous measurement of the rotational speed (eg, already after a rotation through a few angular degrees or fractions thereof) is possible. An angular position determination of the relevant component is usually possible without problems when using suitable speed detection devices.

In particular, it may prove expedient if at least one of the electrical machines and at least one of the internal combustion engines is at least substantially permanently coupled to one another in a fixed speed ratio. In this case, it is possible to dispense completely with an additional, independent speed detection device if necessary, or it is possible to dispense with an additional, possibly necessary, additional speed detection device. Liche independent speed sensing device again easier. A particularly simple and cost-effective design of the hybrid drive system can thereby be promoted. In particular, when the time intervals, in which there may be no coupling of internal combustion engine and electric machine in fixed speed ratio, are very short, can usually be completely dispensed with the provision of an additional, independent speed detection device, since in these short time intervals of Internal combustion engine and / or the e- lekthsche machine, for example, anyway due to "inertia" trailing.

It is also possible, moreover, that at least one first speed detection device is designed in conjunction with at least one electric machine, preferably integrally with at least one electric machine. For a relatively accurate knowledge of their speed is often required for the operation of an electric machine, which is why corresponding speed detection devices are often provided anyway in commercial electrical machines, and these speed detection devices usually provide relatively accurate readings. It is also partially possible, based on the electrical Eingangsbzw. Output signals of the electric machine can often make a very accurate statement about their speed, which is usually possible without additional speed detection sensors must be provided. As a result, it is usually possible to further reduce the costs for the hybrid drive system.

Moreover, it may prove expedient if at least parts of a control system of the hybrid drive system are designed in conjunction with at least one electric machine, in particular together with the control unit of at least one electric machine. For the attendance tion of electrical machines, it is usually required in any case, electrical or electronic control devices (for example, a single-board computer) to provide. Such electrical or electronic control devices of electrical machines generally have systems and / or algorithms which also include the commercially available electrical machines which incorporate the rotational speed of the electric machine for controlling the same. As a rule, these systems and / or algorithms can easily be adapted to take over, at least in part and / or at least in part, the control of at least one internal combustion engine. In this respect, the control system of the hybrid drive system in this case can fall back on existing systems, so that in a particularly elegant way, additional costs can be saved. In particular, a "double interpretation" of corresponding systems can usually be dispensed with.

It can prove to be particularly expedient if at least one first rotational speed detection device and / or at least parts of the control device of the hybrid drive system are designed as high frequency data acquisition devices. With such a fast and frequent data acquisition, the quality of the speed signal can be significantly increased. In particular, a high-frequency data acquisition device is to be understood as a data acquisition device which has a particularly high data sampling rate. In particular, this can make it possible to take account of the detected speed signal for calculating additional parameters. The proposed high data rate or data accuracy can make it possible to determine the corresponding parameters with a particularly advantageous signal-to-noise ratio. A scan can be done, for example, in the 100μs time grid. The detected rotational speed measurement signal is thus advantageously not tracked until after one complete revolution of the corresponding device, but preferably more frequently, such as already after a fraction of a revolution of the corresponding device. As already mentioned, the resolution of the rotational speed detection devices and / or the control device of electrical machines is often anyway in this range, or at least in a range which, for example, approaches the abovementioned range.

For example, it is possible for at least parts of the control system to be designed as a speed-disturbance detection device and / or as a combustion-error detection device, in particular for at least one internal combustion engine. With the speed signals, which are of the first (common) speed detection device usually with a high quality, it is particularly advantageous possible to determine more advanced parameters, which can be determined based on the detected speed. The further parameters determined in this way, such as a statement about a rotational speed irregularity of the internal combustion engine, or a statement about combustion errors of the internal combustion engine, can then be supplied to corresponding control systems for the readjustment of the internal combustion engine and / or electrical machine. In particular, with an accurate and frequently renewed speed measurement, the corresponding parameters can be determined usually with high quality and a very good signal-to-noise ratio. In this context, a combustion error measured value is in particular a signal which makes it possible to make a statement about the presence, the quality (properties) or the frequency of misfiring and / or makes possible a statement about the completeness of a combustion of the internal combustion engine. As a result, a misfire detection in a hybrid vehicle is particularly easy. The misfire detection can be carried out in particular based on the detection of a speed unrest due to lack of moment contributions of the internal combustion engine. Another useful embodiment may result if the hybrid system at least one additional speed detection device is provided, which is preferably designed in conjunction with at least one internal combustion engine. This additional speed detecting device can be used, in particular, to obtain data on the operating state of parts of the hybrid drive system (in particular of the internal combustion engine) even if the electric machine and internal combustion engine are not operated in a fixed speed ratio to one another. Another use for such an additional speed detection device is that it can provide data that can not be measured by the first (common) speed detection devices, or only with a larger error. For this purpose, it is possible to selectively optimize at least one additional speed detection device to detect certain data.

Furthermore, it is proposed to carry out a method for operating at least one electric machine and at least one internal combustion engine, in which at least one of the electric machines and at least one of the internal combustion engines are configured and arranged such that they are operated at least temporarily in a fixed speed ratio to each other, that at least during operation with a fixed speed ratio to each other by means of at least one first D - speed detecting device data are detected, which are at least temporarily used for at least partially controlling at least one of the internal combustion engines and at least one of the electric machines. Such a method has the features and advantages already described in connection with the proposed hybrid drive system in an analogous manner. In particular, it is possible to use the method in To further develop the meaning of the proposals made in connection with the proposed hybrid drive system in an analogous manner. Such a further developed method also has the already mentioned properties and advantages in an analogous manner.

In particular, it is possible to design and set up at least one of the electric machines and at least one of the internal combustion engines in such a way that they are at least partially set up as part of a hybrid drive system, in particular as part of a hybrid drive system for a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle may in any way be an aircraft, a watercraft and a land vehicle (rail-bound / non-rail-bound). The previously proposed method is particularly suitable for the purpose proposed here.

Furthermore, it is possible to carry out the method in such a way that at least one of the electrical machines and at least one of the internal combustion engines are designed and set up such that they are operated at least substantially permanently in a fixed speed ratio to each other. Also for this application, the presently proposed method is particularly advantageous.

It may be particularly advantageous if the speed detection takes place at a high sampling rate. In particular, the speed detection should be more frequent than once per revolution of the corresponding device. Rather, it makes sense that the speed detection takes place after passing through a relatively small angle of rotation, such as, for example, each of 1 °, 2 °, 3 °, 4 ° or 5 ° (or fractions of a degree). Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that the speed detection at a time rate of, for example, 300 microseconds, 250 microseconds, 200 microseconds, 150 microseconds, 100 microseconds, 75 microseconds, 50 microseconds or 25 μs takes place. As a result, can be particularly accurate statements regarding the speed of the device (s) arise. In particular, it is possible to use the rotational speed information thus obtained also for further purposes, such as for the calculation of further parameters.

Thus, it is possible to use the speed detection for detecting a speed unrest and / or for the detection of faulty ignition processes, in particular of the internal combustion engine.

It may also be advantageous if data for at least one additional speed detection device is used to control at least one electric machine and / or at least one internal combustion engine.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be described in more detail below using embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

1 shows a schematic view of a hybrid motor vehicle according to a first embodiment; 2 is a schematic view of a hybrid motor vehicle according to a second embodiment; 3 is a schematic view of a hybrid motor vehicle according to a third embodiment; 3 is a schematic view of a hybrid motor vehicle according to a fourth embodiment. Embodiments of the invention

In Fig. 1, a motor vehicle 1 is shown, which has a hybrid drive 2 as drive. Motor vehicle 1 and hybrid drive 2 are shown only schematically for clarification of the principle.

The hybrid drive 2 comprises an electric machine 3 with a first drive shaft 4 and an internal combustion engine 6 with a second drive shaft 5. The first drive shaft 4 is coupled directly to the electric machine 3, while the second drive shaft 5 is coupled directly to the internal combustion engine 6. The two drive shafts 4, 5 are coupled via a planetary gear 7 with each other. The common drive power of internal combustion engine 6 and electric machine 3 (which of course can also be negative, for example when the motor vehicle is in a recuperation mode) is transmitted via the planetary gear 7 of the drive shaft 8 is supplied to which the wheels 9 are attached. This structure of a hybrid drive 2 is also known as so-called torque coupling. About the planetary gear 7 so first drive shaft 4 and second drive shaft 5 via a fixed speed ratio, which is dictated by the structure of the planetary gear 7, coupled together.

In addition, in the present embodiment of the hybrid drive 2 shown in the second drive shaft 5, a manual transmission 10 and a clutch 11 between the engine 6 and planetary gear 7 vorge- seen. This makes it possible to operate the internal combustion engine 6 at different speeds of the motor vehicle 1 always in a respective largely fuel-efficient speed or torque range. About the clutch 11, the engine 6 can be additionally disengaged, for example, to switch the transmission 10, or to operate the motor vehicle 1 in an operating condition, in the motor vehicle 1 is moved or delayed only with the help of the electric machine 3. In the latter case, energy that would have to be applied to overcome the mechanical resistance of the internal combustion engine 6, can be saved.

The illustrated in Fig. 1 embodiment of the hybrid drive 2 allows the use of a single speed measuring device 12, both for the internal combustion engine 6, and for the electric machine 3. If the clutch 11 is closed, it can with knowledge of the current translation of the gearbox 10 as well knowing the translation behavior of the planetary gear 7 with knowledge of the speed of the electric machine 3 directly and clearly on the speed of the engine 6 are closed. In this case, an exact knowledge of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 6 is required only in an operating state in which the internal combustion engine 5 is at least partially used to drive the motor vehicle 1. In such a case, however, the clutch 11 is closed anyway.

If, on the other hand, the clutch 11 is open, no (direct) statement about the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 6 can be obtained with the aid of the speed measuring device 12. However, an approximate value of the rotational speed may be determined based on a drive signal of the engine 6 (for example, an electric injection pump of the engine 6) supplied from an electronic controller 13 to the engine 6 via an electric wire 14. Since the internal combustion engine 6 only has to overcome the internal friction of the internal combustion engine 6 when the clutch 11 is open (which can be determined fairly accurately, for example, by experimental level measurements), the estimate of the speed that can be obtained in this way is practical usually sufficiently accurate. Incidentally, the electronic control device 13 not only communicates with the engine 6, but also with the clutch 11, the manual transmission 10, the speed measuring device 12, the electric machine 3, and optionally other devices. The connection via the electrical lines 14 shown in FIG. 1 can take place in any direction, or else in both directions. An electrical line 14 can thus stand for the fact that a measuring signal is detected via this electrical line 14, a control signal is output, or both.

In the embodiment of the hybrid drive 2 illustrated in FIG. 1, the speed measuring device 12 comprises a transmitter wheel 15, which is fastened in a rotationally fixed manner to the first drive shaft 4, and a measuring sensor 16 which is arranged adjacent to a radially outer region of the transmitter wheel 15. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the encoder wheel 15, measuring sensor 16 and electric machine 3 are combined to form a structural unit 17. The detection of the rotational speed via the speed measuring device 12 can take place in any desired manner by mechanical means, by optical means, by electrical means, by magnetic means and / or by electromagnetic means. By way of example, a shunt resistor, a sense MOSFET, and / or a Hall sensor may be used.

It is also possible, by the way, that in addition to or as an alternative to the speed measuring device 12 shown in FIG. 1, a rotational speed detection can take place with the aid of the internal structure of the electric machine 3. Thus, the speed detection may refer to the current flowing in one or more stator windings of the electric machine. Similarly, the speed detection can refer to the current that flows into the regulator winding of the electric machine 3, for example, to determine the voltage component, which results from the induction of the stator windings back into the regulator winding. Also, the signals thus obtained may be readily combined with the signals of the optionally present speed measuring device 12 (or other type of speed measuring device) to increase the accuracy of the rotational speed measurements. This combination can be done for example in the electronic control device 13.

FIG. 3 shows a modification of the hybrid drive 1 shown in FIG. In the present hybrid drive 23, a Zusatzgeberrad 25 is mounted on the drive shaft 5 of the engine 6. The additional measuring sensor 24 determines, with the aid of the additional encoder wheel 25, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 6, regardless of whether the clutch 11 is open or closed.

The data obtained by the auxiliary measuring sensor 24 are used by the electronic control device 13 to drive the engine 6. For example, the data obtained from the additional measuring sensor 24 serve to determine the switching strategy of the manual transmission 10, to control the fuel supply to the internal combustion engine 6. Additional measuring sensor 24 and Zusatzgeberrad 25 are optimized to be able to provide the necessary data in high quality available. In an analogous manner, the data determined by the measuring sensor 16 are used to control the electric machine 3.

However, the data obtained by the measuring sensor 16 are additionally used by the electronic control device 13 to detect misfires or other combustion errors of the internal combustion engine 6, to take appropriate corrective action if necessary. The data obtained by the measuring sensor 16 are particularly suitable for this purpose, since in conventional electrical machines 3 usually a sensor wheel 15 and a measuring sensor 16 must be used anyway, which have a high accuracy and a high measured value sampling frequency. Both a high accuracy and a high measured value sampling frequency improve the accuracy of the detection of misfires and / or other combustion errors of the internal combustion engine 6.

In Fig. 2, a second embodiment of a motor vehicle 18 is shown, which is equipped with a hybrid drive 19, which differs from the hybrid drive 2 shown in Fig. 1 in some parts. For similar components, the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 are used for uniformity reasons.

Analogously to the motor vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 1, the present motor vehicle is also provided with an internal combustion engine 6 and an electric machine 3, both of which supply their drive power to a common drive axle 8. The internal combustion engine 6 drives a drive shaft 21, which can be non-rotatably connected via a coupling 11 to a common drive shaft 20, or can be separated mechanically therefrom. On the common drive shaft 20, the electric machine 3 is arranged. The common drive shaft 20 can be formed as a continuous shaft that passes through the electric machine 3. The common drive shaft 20 leads to a transmission 10, with which the speed ratio between the common drive shaft 20 and drive shaft 8 can be suitably adapted. From the manual transmission 10, the drive energy via a differential 22 to the drive axle 8 and thus ultimately to the wheels. 9 On the common drive shaft 20, a speed keitsmessvorrichtung 12 is additionally arranged with a sensor wheel 15 and a measuring sensor 16. In this case too, the sensor wheel 15, the measuring sensor 16 and the electric machine 3 can be designed as a structural unit 17.

Characterized in that the internal combustion engine 6 is mechanically coupled only via the clutch 11 with the common drive shaft 20 (and thus with the encoder wheel 15), the measuring sensor 16 can detect particularly accurate measurement data on the speed behavior of the internal combustion engine 6. In particular, it can not interfere with a mechanical game of meshing gears. Such mechanical play is generally unavoidable in a manual transmission 10. If the manual transmission 10 is an automatic transmission, in the case of conventional designs there is also a slip between the input shaft and the output shaft of the automatic transmission. Due to the structure of the hybrid drive 19 shown in FIG. 2, however, this is also suitable for automatic transmissions.

FIG. 4 shows a modification of the hybrid drive 19 shown in FIG. The hybrid drive system 26 illustrated here has, analogously to the hybrid drive system 23 shown in FIG. 3, an additional gear wheel 25 and an additional measuring sensor 24 on the drive shaft 21 of the internal combustion engine 6.

Analogously to the hybrid drive 23 shown in FIG. 3, the data obtained by the measuring sensor 16 are also used by the electronic control device 13 for controlling the electric machine 3 and additionally for detecting misfires and / or other combustion errors of the internal combustion engine 6. The other control tasks of the internal combustion engine 6 are, however, controlled by the electronic control unit. ervorrichtung using data obtained from the additional measuring sensor 24.

Claims

claims

Hybrid drive system (2, 19) for a motor vehicle (1, 18), comprising at least one control system (13), at least one Drehzahlerfas- sungsvorrichtung (12), at least one electric machine (3) and at least one internal combustion engine (6) at least one e- lekthsche machine (3) and at least one internal combustion engine (6) at least temporarily in a fixed speed ratio coupled together (7, 10, 11), characterized in that the control system (13) at least temporarily, the data of a first Speed detection device (12) for at least partially controlling at least one electrical machine (3) and at least one internal combustion engine (6) zoom.

2. hybrid drive system (2, 19) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the electric machines (3) and at least one of the internal combustion engines (6) at least substantially permanently in a fixed speed ratio (7, 10, 11) are coupled together ,

3. hybrid drive system (2, 19) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one first speed detection device (12) in connection with at least one electric machine (3), preferably integrally formed with at least one electric machine (3).

4. Hybridantriebssystenn (2, 19) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least parts of a control system (13) of the hybrid drive system (2, 19) in conjunction with at least one electric machine (3), in particular together with the control unit at least one electrical machine (3) is formed.

5. hybrid drive system (2, 19) according to one of the preceding arrival claims, characterized in that at least a first speed detection device (12) and / or at least parts of the control device (13) are designed as high frequency data acquisition device.

6. hybrid drive system (2, 19) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least parts of the control system (13) are designed as Drehzahlunruhedetektionseinrichtung and / or as a combustion error detection device.

7. hybrid drive system (2, 19) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one additional speed detection device is provided, preferably in conjunction with at least one internal combustion engine (6).

8. A method for operating at least one electric machine (3) and at least one internal combustion engine (6), wherein at least one of the electric machines (3) and at least one of the internal combustion engines (6) are designed and arranged such that they at least temporarily in a fixed Speed ratio (7, 10, 11) to each other, characterized in that at least during an operation with a fixed speed ratio (7, 10, 11) to one another by means of at least one first speed detection device (12), at least temporarily for at least partially controlling at least one of the internal combustion engines (6) and at least one of the electrical machines (3) be used.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one of the electric machines (3) and at least one of the internal combustion engines (6) are designed and arranged such that they at least temporarily as part of a hybrid drive system (2, 19), in particular as part a hybrid drive system (2, 19) for a motor vehicle (1) are arranged.

10.A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one of the electric machines (3) and at least one of the internal combustion engines (6) are designed and arranged such that they are at least substantially permanently in a fixed speed ratio (7, 10, 11) are operated to each other.

1 1. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the data of the speed detection device (12) are detected at a high sampling rate.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 1 1, characterized in that the data of the speed detection device (12) are used for detecting a speed unrest and / or for the detection of faulty ignition processes.

13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that for controlling at least one electric machine (3) and / or at least one internal combustion engine (6) data of at least one additional speed detection device (12) used> be.