EP2329474A1 - Procede et systeme de surveillance de scenes - Google Patents
Procede et systeme de surveillance de scenesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2329474A1 EP2329474A1 EP09807963A EP09807963A EP2329474A1 EP 2329474 A1 EP2329474 A1 EP 2329474A1 EP 09807963 A EP09807963 A EP 09807963A EP 09807963 A EP09807963 A EP 09807963A EP 2329474 A1 EP2329474 A1 EP 2329474A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- scene
- data
- sensor
- state
- reliability
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B31/00—Predictive alarm systems characterised by extrapolation or other computation using updated historic data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
- G08B13/19645—Multiple cameras, each having view on one of a plurality of scenes, e.g. multiple cameras for multi-room surveillance or for tracking an object by view hand-over
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19665—Details related to the storage of video surveillance data
- G08B13/19671—Addition of non-video data, i.e. metadata, to video stream
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19697—Arrangements wherein non-video detectors generate an alarm themselves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of monitoring a scene for providing in a substantially real time a state of the scene and a monitoring device of a corresponding scene.
- WO 02/19077 discloses an intrusion detection system on a computer network using probabilistic correlation techniques to reduce the frequency of false alarms, and improve the information provided in the intrusion detection systems.
- the document describes an anti-intrusion system comprising sensors of different types. The only data emitted by the sensors are alerts.
- the intrusion detection system would benefit from having high-level sensor information that could be used to configure or parameterize other sensors or methods for analyzing the sensor data. These data are correlated so that the state (i.e. alert or non-alert) of one sensor can affect the state of the other.
- This system also uses all available sensors simultaneously, requiring a powerful computing system and complex management. Indeed, the solicitation of a method of analysis of a sensor data requires firstly a necessary calculation time but also entails a risk of "pollution" of the final result because in some cases, the method can lead to a wrong analysis. Furthermore, only the states of the sensors are compared with one another: no comparison is made with respect to another value which may possibly be used as a reference.
- the probability information used for the state of the sensors depends only on the states (ie alert or non-alert) of the other sensors.
- the probabilistic information used for the condition of the sensors shall not be limit themselves to the alerts raised by the other sensors but must be able to adapt dynamically to the changing conditions of perception of the scene.
- the invention provides, in a monitoring device of a scene of at least two dimensions, delimited by a known and localized periphery, said device comprising a central monitoring system, a plurality of sensors in communication with the scene to be monitored and with the central monitoring system, said central system including an Update and Alert System (SYMAJA) for performing data acquisitions, providing metadata in relation to the monitored object, determine the level of reliability (and possibly precision) of the metadata and to detect a possible alert condition (corresponding to a supradonne) by comparing the metadata with at least one Condition Definition Model (MODECA), a comparator, to determine whether the level of reliability corresponding to the Scene State Data (DES) satisfies an Admissible Threshold
- a method of monitoring the scene for providing a real-time state of the scene said method comprising the steps of: a) evaluating, at a given instant t, the data of Scene State (DESS) corresponding to the state in which the scene is located at the interval t based on available data and metadata from
- the measurement of the state of a system are carried out in phases.
- the monitoring system is either in a rest phase or in an excited phase. It is in a rest phase when the state of the calculated system meets the requirements of the application. When this constraint is no longer validated, the system goes into an excited phase.
- the calculation of the state of the system is carried out by means of models, commands and / or inputs of the system, such as for example the actions performed on a "joystick” for controlling a manipulator arm, which indirectly make use of to sensors (eg sensors that measure the orientation of the "joystick”).
- the sensor selection step makes it possible to select the sensor that will provide a theoretical scene state which, in comparison with the Acceptable Operation Operating Threshold (SAFE), has the smallest deviation.
- SAFE Acceptable Operation Operating Threshold
- the selection step makes it possible to select a sensor signal processing method from among a plurality of available methods, either in addition to or instead of the sensor selection.
- An example of data that makes it possible to modify the state of a scene from one instant to another is the speed, which has the effect of modifying the position of an object as a function of time.
- the sensor selection step the reliability levels of each of the data and / or metadata are compared, and the sensor and / or the sensor signal processing method whose reliability level is the same is selected. higher.
- SAFE Acceptable Operating Threshold Set
- the level of accuracy of the magnitudes which make up the system is advantageously added to the level of reliability considered.
- the Scene State Data is preferably made available (at the output).
- the scene to be monitored is complex and comprises a plurality of sub-scenes related to each other, and in which, during at least one of the steps of the method, the Scene State Data of a sub-scene are used for step a) of estimating the Scene State Data of another sub-scene, related to the first.
- a scene to be monitored may be an establishment having a plurality of speakers to monitor, the scene state data being presented on a synthetic visual representation of said institution.
- the establishment can be a museum, an airport, a bank, a shopping center, a public building, etc.
- the visual representation can be a schematic representation of the establishment in 2 or 3 dimensions. A single display can then represent a physical system or a complex scene, thus making the monitoring of this scene much simpler, ergonomic, efficient and safe.
- the enclosure concerned is indicated by a visual signal on the schematic representation of recovery.
- the signal may be accompanied by an audible signal to alert an eventual operator of a message display, to identify the nature of the alert and any steps to be taken to verify the situation and / or to remedy it.
- the Scene State Data (ESD) evaluated from the first sub-scene reveals that no event related to monitoring is likely to occur at the second sub-scene, the this second sub-scene is put in deactivated mode.
- ESD Scene State Data
- this characteristic it is possible to place a plurality of sensors in "sleep" mode, greatly simplifying the operation of the system, limiting the number of operations to be performed, and contributing to increasing the speed of the system, even if the computer used does not have particularly important capabilities.
- this feature is particularly useful if the state of the system does not indicate any alert source in the second sub-scene and if this second sub-scene is accessible only by the first.
- the sensors used are selected from the list comprising: a camera, a motion detector, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, a photoelectric cell, a laser beam, a thermal camera, a door opening detector or window or other access point that can be opened, an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a radar, an acceleration sensor, an inclination sensor, a force sensor, an RFID sensor, an intrusion sensor such as broken glass sensors, an access badge reader, a magnetic sensor.
- the invention also provides a device for monitoring a scene of at least two dimensions delimited by a known and localized periphery, said device comprising: a central computing system;
- a plurality of sensors in communication with the scene to be monitored, each being able to monitor a physical element or phenomenon for at least a portion of said scene; means for transmitting data from the sensors to the central computing system;
- a data entry interface enabling the central system to receive the data from the sensors and to ensure compatibility with the system; an update and warning system (SYMAJA), making it possible to carry out data acquisition, to provide metadata in relation to the monitored object, to determine the level of reliability (and possibly accuracy) relative to the metadata and detecting a possible alert condition by comparing the metadata with at least one Condition Definition Model (MODECA);
- MODECA Condition Definition Model
- an output interface making it possible to provide an output in relation to the Scene State Data, (the output can provide data, metadata, supradata, etc.).
- the central computing system includes an interface for receiving data sources and / or metadata other than sensors.
- they may be data files, a clock, instructions and / or data from another system, an individual, etc.
- the invention furthermore provides software comprising code elements programmed for implementing the previously described method, when said software is loaded into a computer system and executed by said computer system.
- the software is in the form of a product recorded on a support readable by a computer system, comprising programmed code elements.
- the computing power is reduced: in the idle phase, the system consumes very few resources; in the excited phase, only the useful sensors are solicited; in the excited phase, the system does not process all the data of the sensor but only the appropriate zone; unlike a conventional video surveillance system where the computing power required is a function of the number of sensors, the method and the system according to the invention make it possible to optimize the computing power.
- the method and the device allow an independent approach of the type of sensors used. Any sensor to provide information on the state of the system is exploitable. That is to say any sensor for measuring a physical quantity that has been modified by the element that it is desired to detect or characterize.
- the method and the device allow an approach integrating the reliability of the information returned by the sensors.
- the surveillance system will solicit a camera in a room where lighting is controlled but will not solicit it if it is dark because the sensor is no longer reliable to recognize individuals.
- the method and apparatus allow an approach in which the sensors are not used independently of each other. Thus, in a conventional approach and for an intrusion detection function, there would be as many alarms as alerts returned by the sensors.
- the method makes it possible to send back to the operator only the information that is useful with respect to its problematic. For example, rather than transmitting temperature increase information in a room, it is possible to indicate that a person is in the room. This information is obtained through a probabilistic correlation with models of temperature increase and the opening of the door.
- FIGS. 1 to 34 All the details of embodiment are given in the description which follows, supplemented by FIGS. 1 to 34 in which:
- FIG 1 is a schematic representation of the operating principle of a known type of monitoring system
- FIG 2 is a schematic representation of the operating principle of a monitoring system according to the invention
- FIG 3 is a schematic representation of the monitoring system according to the invention.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the main steps of the monitoring method according to the invention.
- FIGS. 6 to 14 illustrate various aspects relating to the notion of tryptic
- FIGS. 15 to 28 show a first example of a scene monitored using the method of the invention
- FIGS. 29 and 30 show a second example of a scene monitored using the method of the invention.
- FIG. 31 shows a typical surveillance display according to a known mode
- FIG. 32 presents an example of presentation of the results of the monitoring with the method according to the invention.
- FIGS. 33 and 34 show a third example of a scene monitored using the method of the invention.
- Data refers to information of a technical or physical nature provided by a sensor to the system. This is often a signal giving information of temperature, vibration, force, an image, an interruption signal of a laser beam, a propagation time of a wave, etc.
- Metadata refers to high-level information resulting from the analysis of at least a portion of a data item received from one or more sensors by a processing process.
- a metadata has a direct relationship with the object being monitored.
- a metadata may for example correspond to the object of monitoring by a feature of that object that can be controlled or verified, such as a color, shape, profile, outline, etc.
- a camera is an example of a sensor providing raw non-exploitable data (image signal). This signal processed by an image processing process makes it possible to obtain one or more metadata.
- supradonne refers to information related to the end result or objective of the surveillance. For example, there is intrusion or not, we stolen the object under surveillance or not, etc.
- monitoring we mean (for a sensor) the concepts and notions used to monitor, measure, detect, analyze an element (living or not, therefore including an animal, a plant, a virus, a micro-organism, a person or a group of people, etc.), or physical phenomenon.
- sensor means a hardware device optionally incorporating processing tools that measure physical quantities or phenomena.
- “Stage status” or “scene state data” or “physical state data” means information or data of a physical or technical nature representing the value of a magnitude or physical phenomenon present in the scene.
- physical quantities or phenomena presence or absence of a living or non living element, color, texture, temperature, speed, acceleration, luminosity, infrared, pressure, time, weight of an object or being the propagation time of a wave, the reflectivity of a surface, the position of an individual, etc.
- stage state is used to describe the description stage technique on a particular date. This technical description contains a list of scene state data.
- One of the objectives of the method and the device consists in calculating the state of the scene, that is to say the set of state data of a scene.
- the system uses sensor data or metadata. It is understood that a scene is preferably static. However, certain "mobile” scenes, such as the cockpit or the cabin of an aircraft, the wagons of a train or the rooms of a ship, are not excluded from the method according to the invention.
- SYMAJA means an Update and Alert System. This system allows for data acquisition, metadata related to the monitored object, determination of the level of reliability (and possibly precision) of the metadata, and detection of a possible alert condition by comparing metadata with at least one Alert Condition Definition Model (MODECA).
- MODECA Alert Condition Definition Model
- MODECA means an Alert Condition Definition Model. Such a model makes it possible to establish a direct or indirect relationship between the object of the surveillance and the metadata in order to detect a possible warning condition. For example, if one or more metadata matches elements of the model, an alert condition is given. If a certain number of metadata partially correspond to the model, or if the reliability level of certain metadata does not correspond to the requirements, the monitoring method may make it possible to obtain additional data or metadata to validate or not the alert condition.
- reliability means the reliability variable of each quantity or set of quantities of the state of the calculated system. This value is intended to be compared to the reliability variable of the system state requested by the user for these same quantities. Whether the quantity considered is digital or not, the reliability is a numerical value between 0 and 1 and the precision is a numerical value greater than or equal to 0. Thus, when the comparison with the requirements is performed, the variables are compared. of reliability and precision and not the magnitudes to which are associated these variables. However, reliability and accuracy are always numerical values and can always be compared.
- the purpose of this method is to establish the state of a system, particularly a scene.
- the state of a system corresponds to a set of numerical and possibly non-digital quantities characteristic of the system.
- the method and the device make it possible to calculate these quantities (measure their value) with a certain precision and a certain reliability.
- the reliability of a quantity is the probability that the actual quantity belongs to the interval: value plus or minus its accuracy. If the quantity has no precision, then the reliability is the probability that the real quantity is equal to the value. Reliability can be defined not for a quantity but for a set of quantities. It then corresponds to the probability that each real quantity belongs to each interval or is equal to the value. In some cases, it is necessary to calculate additional quantities to achieve the desired accuracy and reliability of the quantities requested. In the following description, the level of reliability desired by the user, and in some cases the accuracy desired by the user correspond to the requirements of the application.
- FIG 1 schematically illustrates the operating principle of a monitoring system of a device of known type.
- the sensors usually cameras, are connected to video devices, allowing to view live, and possibly record what cameras can film scenes concerned.
- To visualize a lot of data it is necessary to have a plurality of screens, making the consultations and monitoring tiresome and tiring for the operators. If other sensors are used, those are managed independently, and information obtained from different sources is provided separately to the operator. In practice, a single operator has difficulty controlling a large number of parameters at the same time. Often, to overcome this limitation, several operators are present.
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates a scene monitoring system or device according to the invention. A central monitoring system 2 makes it possible to receive all the inputs of the sensors.
- a probabilistic approach makes it possible to predict a sequential solicitation of the sensors.
- the sensor data is interpreted to allow an overall analysis of the situation at the scene level. This makes it possible to produce alerts based on events rather than on the number of sensors involved. Thus, several sensors 30 participating in the detection of a single event will produce a reliable detection, and send a single signal to the operator, even if several sensors are involved.
- the method and system shown schematically in Figure 2 will be presented in more detail with the aid of the following figures.
- Figure 3 shows an example of a device or monitoring system 1 according to the invention.
- a series of sensors 30 is noted. These examples are presented to illustrate an infinite variety of sensors that can be used to improve system performance and / or to detect a wide variety of sensors. physical, mechanical, electrical, chemical, etc., or more simply to detect individuals, animals, objects, etc. For some applications it is also useful to receive data or information from other sources than sensors, such as data files from computers, data storage means, a machine, system or application. diverse.
- a central surveillance system 2 makes it possible to receive the data and metadata of the various sensors 30 and of the other sources 40 via the specially adapted interface interfaces 21. These interfaces allow the central system 2 to receive the data and signals of the sensors by ensuring compatibility between these different elements.
- the central system 2 comprises an updating and warning system (SYMAJA) 22 and a comparator 23. These last two elements are advantageously implemented by means of a microprocessor or any other powerful calculation means, with the instructions coded adequate.
- the data and metadata can be stored in a storage means 26 or memory, provided for this purpose.
- An output 24 can send to the operator or another system data, metadata, alerts, after interpretation and processing by the central system.
- the interface 25 makes it possible to receive the thresholds or adjustment parameters of the system if these parameters are not already parameterized in the central system.
- the updating and alerting system 22 is provided for acquiring data from the sensors 30, providing metadata in relation to the monitored object, determining the level of reliability relating to the metadata, and detect any warning conditions. These alert conditions are identified by comparing the metadata with at least one Condition Definition Model (MODECA).
- MODECA Condition Definition Model
- the scene state data (DES) is compiled at its level, either by evaluation or by acquisition of new sensor data.
- the comparator 23 makes it possible to determine whether the level of reliability corresponding to the Scene State Data satisfies an Acceptable Operating Threshold Set (SAFE).
- SAFE Acceptable Operating Threshold Set
- FIG. 4 presents a functional flowchart with the main steps of the method according to the invention.
- an initialization phase makes it possible to specify, at the start of the process, the available data on the state of the system: value of digital or non-digital quantities, accuracy, reliability, etc.
- a prediction step makes it possible to pre-establish or evaluate the state of the system at a time or a date t, knowing the state of the system at a date passed t-delta t.
- the sensors of the device as well as any other data can be exploited to carry out this evaluation.
- a comparison step to the requirements makes it possible to compare the state of the system previously established with the requirements of the application, namely the state of the system requested by the user. During this step, several cases may occur. So :
- the state of the calculated system is more reliable (ie the reliability variable of each magnitude or set of magnitudes of the calculated system state has a value greater than the reliability variable of the system state requested by the user for these same quantities) or more precise (ie the variable precision of each magnitude of the state of the calculated system has a value lower than the variable precision of the state of the system requested by the user for these same quantities) that the state of the system requested by the user, then this result (ie the state of the calculated system) is provided to the user, and a new evaluation step is started to calculate the state of the system at the next iteration;
- the process provides this result (ie the calculated system state) to the user and loop back to the evaluation stage to calculate the state of the system at the next iteration.
- Figure 5 shows the update step.
- This step consists in using available data to update the state of the system (for example a modification of the value of the digital quantities, a modification of the precision or a modification of the reliability).
- available data for example a modification of the value of the digital quantities, a modification of the precision or a modification of the reliability.
- an iterative approach is provided. This approach consists not in extracting all the data at one time, but in retrieving and extracting a selected data item iteratively. The data is selected according to the contribution it makes to the improvement of the knowledge of the state of the system compared to the requirements defined by the user. This last point is shown schematically in Figure 6.
- a step of enumerating the information consisting of listing the potentially extractable data or metadata of the data provided by the sensors and which can improve the state of the system: either to increase the accuracy or to increase the reliability, both.
- a comparator allows to calculate the theoretical state, namely what could be the state of the system updated by this data or metadata. Then the comparator determines, for each of the data or metadata:
- the cost which can be according to the application an estimate of the time necessary to extract the information and / or an estimate of the energy consumption necessary to extract the information, etc; -the contribution that weights the contribution of the information in the calculation of the knowledge of the state of the system compared to the cost of obtaining the information. It is a mathematical equation specific for each application considered and which is a function of the gain and the cost.
- the comparator selects the data or metadata that has the greatest contribution.
- the data signal from the sensor concerned is received and in the case of a metadata, the signal is analyzed by means of a signal processing method.
- This last step can provide two output results: either the data or metadata that was searched could be extracted, or it could not be extracted.
- the next step is to modify the value of the quantities of the state of the system, to update the precision associated with these values and to update the reliability for the quantities that have been modified. Since the device has managed to obtain the information compatible with what was wanted, then the reliability increases. However, before carrying out these actions, a backup is made to memorize the quantities of the state that will be modified as well as their accuracy, the reliability associated with all of these quantities and the temporal data such as date and current time.
- the next step consists in reducing the reliability of the magnitudes of the state that should have been modified, depending on the quality of the data of the sensor, the performances of signal processing method, etc.
- the process provides for recovering from the memory and deleting from the memory the quantities that would have been recovered. be modified with the information sought, their accuracy and reliability of this set. If the date of the recovered values differs from the current date, then the evaluation step is used to calculate these quantities at the current date.
- Triptych concept In the case of video surveillance, the system can use a camera to detect intruders in the room.
- the triptych (camera, processing algorithm, information sought, i.e. metadata) has a certain performance in terms of:
- the triptych be able to extract (i.e. detect) the information (i.e., metadata);
- the brightness sensor will not act on the triptych (camera, algorithm, information) or on another triptych: it will improve the knowledge of the state of the system by informing an additional numerical quantity (ie a data of stage state).
- the system wants to improve the knowledge of the state, it will list all the information (ie metadata) extractable and build the set of possible triptychs. Building does not mean using but rather enumerating and evaluating, that is, characterizing the performance of each triptych. Now the characterization of the performances takes into account the state of the system and therefore the quantity of light (ie numerical quantity of the state of the system which is indicated by the brightness sensor).
- the triptych will have high probabilities whereas when the lighting is weak, the triptych will have difficulties to extract the information and the returned information will have more risk of not corresponding to the information sought. Then for each triptych, one calculates the gain, the cost, the contribution: the triptych which has the most important contribution is selected.
- a triptych defines a way of extracting useful information.
- the system needs data, an algorithm for processing / searching for this data and for signing the information sought (i.e. the characteristics of the information).
- a triptych is a union of these elements: sensor, algorithm or process of processing, information sought (i.e. metadata).
- Example ( Figure 7) we want to develop an individual recognition system. For example, suppose the character to be recognized has a mustache. The surveillance system must reinforce working hypotheses (ie improve the reliability of the system state) by verifying that the monitored individual has a mustache (ie the information sought). Thus the triptych is: camera n ° 3, mustache recognition algorithm, a rectangular mustache height 1 cm, width 3 cm, black color, which must be in a certain area of the image (called zone d ' interest), etc.
- the system will define and select a triptych to improve these magnitudes. That is, it selects the sensor and the processing algorithm that it will use and specifies what information it will look for in a multi-dimensional area of interest.
- An area of interest is a subspace of the data of the sensor which makes it possible to restrict the search (ex: one looks for a straight line in an image which must belong to a rectangular zone of the image, the line has an inclination between x ° and y °, it has a thickness between a and b cm, etc.).
- the system will use the triptych by applying the triptych processing algorithm to the area of interest defined with respect to the sensor data to recognize the information sought.
- the algorithm fails to find the information sought when the system assumed that the information was present in the area of interest. As a result, the reliability associated with the set of digital magnitudes to be improved decreases, but this does not modify their value or their accuracy (see FIG. 9).
- the algorithm succeeds in finding information compatible with the information sought.
- the information would be: rectangle of black color, height 1cm and width 3cm at the position x, y in the image data of the camera. Consequently, the reliability associated with the set of digital magnitudes to be improved increases, but this does not modify their value or their accuracy (see FIG. 10).
- the system wishes to detect the mustache of the individual positioned in front of the camera. However, if the field of view of the camera is important, it is possible that other moustached individuals are filmed by the same camera. If the information returned by the algorithm is a mustache, it is indeed information of the same type as the information sought. On the other hand, if the information returned is an eyebrow, it is not a question of information of the same type namely of a mustache. Indeed, an eyebrow and a mustache may have very similar characteristics: similar to a black rectangle, however there are two types of information.
- to characterize a triptych is to calculate at least the following quantities:
- H) the probability that the information returned by the algorithm is information of the same type as the information sought: P (G
- the gain, the cost are defined in relation to these quantities but others can be taken into account.
- Detection of information is performed by applying the algorithm in the area of interest. If we consider that the event H is true, then the area of interest necessarily contains the information sought. But it can also contain other information or any other elements that we assimilate to noise. To be able to list the elements present in this zone, we divide it into samples to be analyzed. The purpose of the algorithm is to find the sample corresponding to the information sought.
- nbBr nbln - nbAr - nbAc.
- the algorithm searches for the signature of the latter in its area of interest. For this, he compares the footprint of each sample with the signature he has built. The returned sample is the one with the highest degree of resemblance while having a level above a threshold.
- the fingerprint of each sample is extracted from a sensor measurement, so is likely to be noisy.
- the signature it is constructed from an information modeling, thus incomplete and simplified.
- the detection of information can pose some difficulties.
- the first P measures the ability of the algorithm to recognize the information sought. It is therefore the probability that it identifies a sample as being the information sought when the sample tested is indeed the information sought. In the case of our example, the question is what is the probability that the mustache detection algorithm recognizes a mustache when presented with one?
- the second Pbruit is the probability that the algorithm identifies a sample as the information while the latter is not one. In the case of this example, it is a question of what is the probability that the mustache detection algorithm recognizes an eyebrow, a rim of a telescope, a shirt collar, etc., like a mustache.
- -Prequency number of samples above the threshold on curve 2 divided by the total number of samples in database 2.
- H) represents the probability that the detector will return information when the H event is true. In the case of this example, this corresponds to the probability that the algorithm detects a mustache (i.e. event Y) while the person in front of the camera is mustachioed (i.e. event H). To calculate it, we determine the probability that no sample will respond positively to the detector. In the area of interest, there are nbBr noise samples. Each of them has a probability (1 - Pbruit) of not being recognized. There are also (nbAr + nbAc) samples that correspond to either the information sought or to information of the same type. It can be considered that each of these samples has the same probability (1 - P réeller) of not being recognized by the detector. As a result, the probability P (Y
- Y, H) is the probability that the result returned by the detector is information of the same type as the information sought. In the case of this for example, this corresponds to the probability that the detected information (ie event Y: the rectangle of black color) corresponds to a mustache (ie event G).
- the area of interest contains (nbAr + nbAc) samples that correspond to information of the same type as the information sought. Taking into account P facilitatorr, there are ((nbAr + nbAc) P disliker) of these samples which responded positively to the algorithm. And among all the samples in the area, there are ((nbAr + nbAc) • P apprisr + nbBr Pbruit) that responded positively. Also, P (G
- the third P is the probability that the result returned by the detector is the information sought assuming that the event G is true. In the case of this example, this corresponds to the probability that the mustache detected (ie event G) corresponds to the mustache that the system wished to detect, that is to say the individual present exactly in front of the camera. As in the previous formula, it is a question of calculating the ratio of the number of favorable cases on the number of possible cases. If the event G is true, there are ((nbAr + nbAc) • Pionatr) samples that may have been returned by the detector but only (nbAr • Pionatr), we are interested. The ratio is:
- the state of the system is calculated following the result of the triptych (i.e. the grid circle of FIG. 11) using a data fusion technique such as the Kalman filter and the reliability associated with this circle is calculated.
- FIGS. 15 to 28 show an exemplary embodiment of the method and of the monitoring system for monitoring a simple scene, corresponding to a part.
- the purpose of this application is to detect and locate all individuals who enter the room. To do this, several sensors have been placed in this room: -a camera in the upper right corner of the room, -a motion sensor above the window,
- a crossing sensor i.e. a photoelectric cell
- Figure 15 schematizes all of this information. These different sensors, in combination with a monitoring system shown in Figure 3, allow to implement this example.
- the planned output is used to periodically, or where necessary, provide the status of the scene to the user or to another application.
- a variable indicating whether the portion in question is free or occupied by one or more intruders with the reliability associated with this variable For this modelization, discretization tools are used to cut the scene in the form of rectangular cells, as shown in Figure 16. Moreover, the variable indicating whether the cell is free and the reliability of this variable can be combined within the same probability. Thus, each cell is associated with the probability that an individual is present in the cell.
- the data concerning the position of the intruder in the room the accuracy associated with this location, the speed of movement of the intruder, the accuracy associated with this speed and the reliability, namely the probability that the the individual is actually present in the room.
- the monitoring system can use two types of inputs: sensors and data.
- Processing method comparison of the image obtained with an image taken when the room was empty (i.e. no individual).
- Information returned presence of an individual with its location accuracy and the reliability of this information otherwise absence of an individual and the reliability of this information.
- Processing method comparing the infrared signal with a measurement taken when the room was empty (i.e. no individual).
- the crossing sensor its role is different from other previously presented sensors. Indeed, it does not indicate if an intruder is in the room. Nor does it provide data on the position of intruders in the room. On the other hand, whether or not he is solicited provides valuable information as to whether an intruder has entered or left the room. Accompanied by its reliability, it is used in the evaluation stage. In additional input, the use of a map of the room indicating where intruders are likely to come and go can be particularly useful for this application. As in the case of the crossing sensor, these data are used in particular during the evaluation stage. Some settings can be left to the user's choice, or preset in a fixed way. Possible settings include how often the system status is updated. In the case of this example, a frequency of 10Hz is a period of 100 ms is selected.
- Figure 3 provides a parameter setting interface. These requirements define the minimum level of knowledge required by the user. This knowledge is all the more important as the accuracy of the state of the system and its reliability is great.
- the following two tables illustrate an example of setpoint or threshold values that correspond to the requirements of this application.
- the evaluation stage was able to point out that there is a risk, though low with a probability of 0.16, that an individual entered the room.
- the system update and alert solicits a sensor. After calculating the contribution for each sensor, it appeared relevant to use the camera to search in the part of the image corresponding to the environment zone having a probability of 0.16 if an individual is present.
- the image processing method associated with the camera makes it possible to indicate that no person has been detected in the part of the analyzed image.
- the system is updated. In the end, the probability of an individual being present in the cells of the room located in front of the front door increases to 0.07 (see Figure 18).
- the comparator verifies that the state of the system meets the requirements of the application, which is the case. Thus, no further action is taken until the next update, which occurs after the expiration of the expected time interval.
- the result illustrated in Fig. 19 is obtained.
- the crossing sensor did not detect any entry or exit of individuals from the room.
- the shadow of the tree outside the room is projected into the same room near the front door.
- the state of the system after the prediction does not meet the requirements of the application.
- the state of the system is updated with this information accompanied by its reliability and its proposal.
- the probability of cells in the room where no individual has been detected increases to 0.071.
- two new digital quantities are added in the state to describe the detected individual, namely the position and the speed of movement of the individual.
- reliability is associated with these new quantities and is worth in the case of this example 0.34, as indicated in Figure 20.
- the comparator then verifies that the state of the system meets the requirements of the application, which is not the case because the reliability relative to the detection of the individual is too low.
- the system update and alert has the ability to extract information from the motion sensor. This sensor indicates that no individual is present in the part of the signal corresponding to the area of the room where an individual is likely to be. Accurate with its reliability, this data makes it possible to update the state of the system. Thus, the reliability associated with the detected individual increases to 0.013 (see FIG. 21).
- this reliability belongs to the interval [0, 0.1 [union] 0.9, 1]. However, this reliability is in the lower part of the interval. It therefore reflects a very strong certainty concerning the absence of any individual in this zone. The digital quantities associated with the detected individual are therefore removed from the state of the system and finally the following result (see Figure 22) is obtained, which meets the requirements of the user.
- the crossing sensor detected an interruption of its laser beam. This means that there is a very high probability that an individual has entered the room. However, its position is not known (see Figure 23). Clearly, the state of the system does not meet the requirements of the application.
- the motion sensor or the camera may be used. After calculating the contributions of this potentially extractable information, it is established that the camera, associated with its image processing method, is the most relevant. The result following the solicitation of the sensor is illustrated in FIG. 24. Thanks to the information provided by the image processing method that made it possible to analyze the part of the image concerned, it is found that an individual is present in front of the door.
- the system state still does not meet the requirements of the application.
- the update system has the ability to extract information from the motion sensor.
- the result of the system updated by this last sensor is represented in FIG. 25.
- This state still does not meet the requirements of the application, because of cells having a probability greater than 0.1, of the precision relative to the individual. detected, and reliability about the detected individual.
- the update system no longer has the ability to retrieve new additional information from the sensors to improve the state.
- the crossing sensor did not detect any entry or exit of individuals from the part.
- the evaluation stage will make it possible to calculate the state of the system by considering that an individual could enter the room by the door with a low probability and that an individual is likely to be in the cells. of the piece that have a probability greater than 0.1. Indeed, the system considers that there is no individual in the cells that have a probability less than 0.1, that there is an individual in the cells that have a probability higher than 0.9 and that there is may have an individual for the remaining cells. However, if an individual is likely to be in a cell, this individual could possibly move, which the evaluation step must also take into account.
- the evaluation step will make it possible to estimate the area where this individual is likely to be taking into account his speed of movement. This is an area that integrates all the cells where the individual was able to go.
- Figure 26 shows the status of the system following the evaluation.
- the update system extracts additional data.
- the potentially extractable data that seems to be the most relevant to improve the state of the system can be obtained from the motion sensor. These data make it possible to indicate that there is no individual in front of the door and that the previously detected individual has moved in front of the window. This information extracted from the motion sensor could improve the location accuracy of the individual. In return, this has reduced reliability (see Figure 27).
- the update system then extracts information from the camera which leads to the next result (see Figure 28).
- the state of the system responds here to the requirements of the application.
- An alert can therefore be sent to the operator of the surveillance system, who will be informed of the facts established with a reliability higher than the threshold requested. It is therefore found that the use of sensors capable of providing complementary data makes it possible to effectively overcome the lack of reliability associated with the first data of the first sensors.
- Figure 29 shows the premises of a laboratory working on the development of vaccines against deadly viruses.
- the laboratory stores these viruses in a cold room (ie zone 5 on the plane).
- This laboratory is on two levels. It is accessed by level 0 which overlooks the zone 1.
- level 0 which overlooks the zone 1.
- the elevator By taking the elevator, one arrives at the reception point zone 2. From this last zone, one can reach various rooms notably zone 3.
- the Authorized persons who have a badge may pass in zone 4.
- Zones 4 and 6 are closed outer zones. It is possible to go to zone 6 by illegally crossing the fence.
- the cold room finally corresponds to zone 5.
- the laboratory wants to meet safety standards. For this, it must answer the following problems:
- Zones 4, 5 and 6 are only allowed to authorized persons.
- Zone 1 is equipped with a camera, a sensor provides information on the position of the elevator and a motion sensor is located in zone 2.
- the door allowing access to zone 4 is equipped with a badge reader and a breakage detection sensor of this glazed door.
- Zone 4 is equipped with a camera and a brightness sensor.
- a photocell is positioned at the entrance to zone 5.
- a thermal camera is placed in the cold room as well as numerous pressure sensors in the floor of this room to measure the weight of objects and individuals in the room.
- Figure 30 shows schematically the corresponding monitoring system.
- the laboratory responds to these security issues. Indeed, at zone 4, the camera will be able to detect the intruders who have entered the site through zone 6. Thanks to the brightness sensor, the system will dynamically adapt the reliability (ie in a probabilistic way) of the information. returned by the camera.
- the photoelectric cell at the entrance to zone 5 makes it possible to know precisely when an individual enters or leaves the cold room. Only authorized individuals can enter this room and they must first identify themselves with their badge at the access control door of zone 4.
- the laboratory requires that these individuals weigh themselves regularly which allows to know precisely when these same individuals leave the cold room if they steal products.
- Zone 5 pressure sensors are used to detect any object left in the chamber.
- the thermal camera it is used to detect and locate all the individuals in the room. Indeed, in the middle of the night (i.e. brightness zero) the camera of the zone 4 can not detect the intruders and the system knows it.
- the thermal camera coupled to the photocell is the device for detecting intruders in the chamber.
- the laboratory could have used a conventional color camera rather than a thermal camera.
- the sensors were chosen based on their ability to provide information on the state of the system. Also any sensor for measuring a physical quantity that will be modified by the element that we want to detect / characterize can be exploited.
- An individual in a cold room has a temperature different from the air in the room and is therefore detectable by a thermal camera and this much more reliable than with a color camera.
- Zone 4 the system must ensure that there are only authorized individuals. To access this zone, intruders can come from zone 6 or zone 2 after having crossed the access control sensor. This is why the zone 4 camera only monitors the zone 4 border with zone 6 because there is a non-zero risk that an individual crosses the fence. Note that the system uses the information of the brightness sensor to know the reliability of detection of individuals with the camera.
- the individual Rather than submit to the control of his access badge, the individual breaks the glass door and enters the zone 4.
- the information of the broken door raised by the sensor indicates to the system that an individual is in the process to enter zone 4.
- the system solicits the zone 4 camera to detect and locate the individual. From now on, this camera will no longer monitor only the zone 4 border with zone 6 but also the zone 2 border with zone 4 because there is a non-zero risk that another individual enters zone 4 by broken door.
- the individual then drops an object into the room and runs away.
- the system detects this object from the pressure sensors of the part and deduces that it is not an individual by soliciting the thermal sensor. Indeed, the temperature, the weight and the shape of the object are incompatible with that of an individual.
- the following features of the system could be highlighted: - Ability to solicit and use only the information (sensors) necessary and relevant to address the problem of the user: the requirements of the application (ie state of rest and excited of the system); -Sensory management in a cooperative way (eg the brightness sensor and the camera, the elevator sensor and the motion sensor, etc.); -All information passing through the system is probabilized, as is the state of the system.
- -to include high-level information on the measurements returned by the sensors (rectangle around the people detected on the surveillance videos, trajectory of the detected persons, etc.) (ie augmented reality tools).
- the solution according to the invention makes it possible to offer the operator an interactive and intelligent visualization corresponding to his surveillance problem.
- One of the advantages is to facilitate the visualization and analysis of complex data to accelerate their understanding, communication and decision-making.
- the means of the invention provide an interactive data visualization technology based on "virtual reality" tools.
- the system responds to the problem of the operator: -The operator no longer has to interpret the sensor signals. If the operator wants to know if an individual has entered the site then the representation will consist of a 3D view of the site (ie virtual reality) where the system will indicate the areas where intruders are present but the low level information (ie sensor data) will not be displayed.
- the system informs the user about its limitations:
- the system informs the operator of the areas of the environment that he can not perceive so that the latter can not imagine that no intruder is in the room while it does not is simply not equipped with sensors.
- the system informs the operator if he has a doubt (reduced reliability) on the presence of the individual.
- the system can dialogue with the operator by suggesting to him to control suspicious events with regard to his problematic or results that he has not been able to analyze: -By relation to the problematic of the operator, the system will attract his attention on the relevant areas: intrusion, grouping of individuals, agitated individuals, etc., as well as areas where individuals have been detected with low reliability.
- the only way to remove doubts is to control the sensor data. For this, only the sensors related to the 3D representation are displayed. In addition, only a few sensors are displayed: the most relevant, that is to say those that bring new information. The system does not display sensors that provide redundant information compared to other sensors.
- the system is interactive and responds to requests from the operator:
- a single alarm is displayed and made available to the operator.
- the system displays: -a virtual reality of the site, -focused on the place where the intruder is located, taking into account that the badged gate is broken, -integrating the non-perceptible areas of the site, -coupled with an augmented reality of the measurements of the sensors, -with only the measurements of the sensors in link with virtual reality,
- a jewel is exposed to the public in a gallery.
- the jewel is presented on a base and is lit by halogen light spots.
- Several sensors are located nearby.
- a color camera and a thermal camera film the jewel.
- the latter is placed on a pressure sensor.
- a brightness sensor measures the lighting level. Indeed, when the light spots work, they can start to flash.
- a clock measures the time.
- the central monitoring system has access to a computer file that specifies the time slots during which the halogen spotlights operate.
- a belt of ten ultrasonic sensors surrounds the base to indicate if individuals are near the jewel.
- This application aims to check the presence of the jewel on its base. It is therefore a device against theft.
- the preparation of the surveillance system involves providing a modeling of the element that we want to monitor and recognize, namely the jewel.
- the jewel is a metal crown.
- the model is the following: cylindrical object diameter 15cm, yellow color, weight 300gr, metal.
- the state of the scene is composed on the one hand of the variable that one wishes to calculate namely: the presence of the jewel on its base. On the other hand, it can be considered that the more individuals around the jewel, the greater the risk that an individual will steal the object.
- the state of the system includes the number of ultrasonic sensors having detected at least one individual. This last variable will play a particularly important role important in the step of estimating the state of the system at the date t from the historical state of the system at the date t-delta t. Finally a last variable will be used to indicate the level of luminosity around the jewel. This last variable will play a particularly important role in determining the reliability of the metadata extracted from the data (ie color images) of the camera.
- This latter table is an example of a result provided by the monitoring method: the state of the system is periodically provided to the user, to another application or to another device.
- Prediction step This step is very dependent on the digital quantities considered, the application, its context of use.
- the following modeling is proposed:
- the comparison step consists in determining whether there exists one of the numerical magnitudes of the calculated state which has a precision greater than the precision indicated in the state desired by the user (ie requirements of the application) for this same state. magnitude or if there is one of the magnitudes of the calculated state that has a reliability lower than the reliability indicated in the state desired by the user (ie application requirements) for that same magnitude. In this case, the calculated state does not meet the requirements and the system goes into the excited state. For this example, the reliability of the quantities "presence of jewelry” and “brightness” is insufficient, and the accuracy of the quantities “number of ultrasonic sensors” and “brightness” is also insufficient. Update step
- Metadata searched detection of yellow in the image corresponds to the perception of the jewel.
- Image processing method measuring the amount of yellow color in a part of the image.
- Metadata searched detection of a cylindrical object of diameter 15cm in the image.
- Image processing method detection of contours and shapes. Result returned: if a cylindrical object could be recognized then the following result is sent: "detection of a cylindrical object of diameter 15cm which seems to correspond to the jewel", otherwise "metadata sought not obtained”.
- Sensor pressure sensor.
- Data returned weight of the object placed on the sensor.
- the system can deduce at what temperature the jewels are at a certain time. If the heat measured by the sensor is compatible with that which should have the jewels, the following result is sent: "the thermal heat released by the filmed object is compatible with the heat that should clear the jewelry", otherwise “heat incompatible with jewelry ".
- Metadata sought detection of a cylindrical object of diameter 15cm in the thermal image of the sensor.
- Processing method detection of contours and shapes in a thermal image.
- the result is returned with its precision and reliability.
- the accuracy and reliability depend on the sensor and the treatment process considered.
- the results returned are all the more reliable as the brightness of the scene is important.
- the reliability evaluation for metadata extracted from the camera image takes into account the brightness level of the scene available in the stage state as a numeric magnitude.
- the monitoring system may use the following data or metadata:
- -Data weight of the object placed on the pressure sensor
- -Data temperature of the object filmed by the thermal camera
- the system can use the following data or metadata: -Data: number of ultrasonic sensors having detected a obstacle.
- the system can use the following data or metadata:
- Reliability and accuracy of data is an intrinsic feature of sensors, while those of metadata are calculated dynamically by the update and alert system.
- the determination of the data or metadata that the system must use to improve the state of the scene is performed by means of a comparison function which measures a difference between the theoretical state of the scene produced by a given piece of data or metadata. and the state of the scene desired by the user (ie application requirements).
- the theoretical state produced by a data item or a metadata corresponds to the state that the system expects to obtain if it requests the recovery of the data or the extraction of the metadata. For this the system takes into account the reliability and the theoretical accuracy of the data and the metadata. It should be noted that at this stage, the update and alert system has not yet recovered the sensor data and has not performed any analysis or processing of the data.
- the comparison function As far as the comparison function is concerned, it consists of measuring the difference between the accuracy and reliability of each magnitude of the theoretical state with the accuracy and reliability of the state desired by the user. Each of these deviations can be weighted by a coefficient to indicate for example that the brightness accuracy is a more important characteristic than for the other quantities.
- the following comparison function is used:
- the comparison function is 0 since the accuracy of the numerical quantities of the theoretical state is less than the accuracy of the quantities the desired state and that the reliability of the magnitudes of the theoretical state is greater than the reliability of the magnitudes of the desired state.
- the computation time to obtain a metadata can be quite important due to the processing time of the sensor data. It is possible to integrate the estimated time required to obtain data or metadata or the amount of memory estimated necessary to obtain data or metadata, etc., in a cost variable. This cost can be taken into account in the comparison function to reduce the importance of a given datum or metadata. For this, it is possible to add this cost to the comparison function or to multiply the comparison function by the cost, etc.
- comparison function takes into account all the differences in reliability and accuracy for each quantity between the theoretical state and the desired state. However, these differences were weighted by multiplying coefficients (i.e. 4, 1, 3, 1 and 2). It is possible to use a comparison function which only takes into account the difference of a few quantities and is limited to the precision characteristic (ie the reliability characteristic will not be used). Thus, we obtain the following comparison function:
- the cost represents an estimate of the necessary processing time in milliseconds to obtain the data or the metadata.
- the data or metadata that would be selected is the one that has a minimum "comparison function + cost" value, that is to say the data "brightness of the scene.
- some comparison functions have been presented as well as an example of cost. However, it is possible to offer any type of function.
- the data or metadata is obtained, it is used to improve the state.
- This operation can be carried out in a conventional manner by using, for example, the data fusion tools (ie Kalman filter, particulate filter) to update the value and the accuracy of the state while the reliability of the digital quantities of the state is updated using the Bayes rule.
- the data fusion tools ie Kalman filter, particulate filter
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0804636A FR2935062A1 (fr) | 2008-08-18 | 2008-08-18 | Procede et systeme de surveillance de scenes |
| PCT/IB2009/006462 WO2010020851A1 (fr) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-08-04 | Procede et systeme de surveillance de scenes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2329474A1 true EP2329474A1 (fr) | 2011-06-08 |
| EP2329474B1 EP2329474B1 (fr) | 2012-03-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09807963A Not-in-force EP2329474B1 (fr) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-08-04 | Procede et systeme de surveillance de scenes |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2329474B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE551686T1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2935062A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010020851A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114402225A (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-04-26 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | 测距方法、测距装置和可移动平台 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2505831C (fr) * | 2002-11-12 | 2014-06-10 | Intellivid Corporation | Procede et systeme pour la localisation et la surveillance de comportement d'objets multiples se deplacant a travers une pluralite de champ de vision |
| US8272053B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2012-09-18 | Honeywell International Inc. | Physical security management system |
| EP1872345B1 (fr) * | 2005-03-25 | 2011-03-02 | Sensormatic Electronics, LLC | Selection de cameras et suivi d'objets intelligents |
| US20070096896A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2007-05-03 | Zingelewicz Virginia A | System and method for securing an infrastructure |
-
2008
- 2008-08-18 FR FR0804636A patent/FR2935062A1/fr active Pending
-
2009
- 2009-08-04 WO PCT/IB2009/006462 patent/WO2010020851A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-08-04 AT AT09807963T patent/ATE551686T1/de active
- 2009-08-04 EP EP09807963A patent/EP2329474B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010020851A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114402225A (zh) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-04-26 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | 测距方法、测距装置和可移动平台 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2935062A1 (fr) | 2010-02-19 |
| WO2010020851A1 (fr) | 2010-02-25 |
| EP2329474B1 (fr) | 2012-03-28 |
| ATE551686T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
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