Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
  • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
  • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
  • B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
  • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
  • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
  • B01D53/507—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with other liquids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
  • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
  • C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
  • C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
  • C01B13/0259—Physical processing only by adsorption on solids
  • C01B13/0281—Physical processing only by adsorption on solids in getters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
  • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
  • F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
  • F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
  • B01D2257/502—Carbon monoxide
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
  • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
  • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
  • F23J2219/80—Quenching
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for trapping oxygen-containing noxious gases from combustion gases comprising the steps of:
• Such a process is known, for example, from combined cycle in which a gas turbine generator generates electricity and the waste heat is recycled to make steam to generate additional electricity via a steam turbine. This is generally done for enhancing the yield of electricity making plants.
• the burning of fuel, carbonated material, coal or biomass generates high temperature heat that is further converted to electricity.
• the combustion gases are then recovered from a combustion gases exit and present a first thermal energy.
• the first thermal energy is transferred to, for example, water, thereby generating steam that can be used in a steam turbine which extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into mechanical work.
• combustion gases Even if by combining both gas and steam turbines in a combined cycle, the efficiency of the cycles increases (they are powered by the same combustible source), nowadays, the combustion gases that are produced are an increasing problem. Indeed, it is well known that combustion gases contain high level of noxious gases, in particular oxygen-containing noxious gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and the like. Moreover, there sometimes remains unbumed hydrocarbon such as methane, coal fines and the like that all contributes to the greenhouse effect. It is known that a conventional combined cycle (fed by means of methane, being the most powerful) produces as waste about 345 Kg of CO 2 for each produced MW.
• Document US 5 988 115 relates to a system and method of injecting an ammonia or urea reactant into a flue gas stream in a steam generating power plant that utilizes Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to lower NOx emissions and more specifically to the injection of the reactant to increase the efficiency of the catalytic reduction process.
• SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
• the Selective Catalytic Reduction systems use a catalyst and a reactant such as ammonia gas, NH 3 , to dissociate NOx to molecular nitrogen, N 2 , and water vapour.
• the invention provides a process according to the preamble of daim 1 , characterised in that said process further comprises the steps of
• the process comprises the reaction of the oxygen from oxygen-containing noxious gases (carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and the like) thereby, for example, precipitating most of the carbon and sulphur present in those oxygen- containing noxious gases and forming nitrogen gas.
• oxygen-containing noxious gases carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur oxide and the like
• phosphorus reacts thoroughly with oxygen. For this reason, phosphorus is generally shipped under water to avoid oxygen contacts.
• combustion gases are rich in CO 2 and water.
• combustion gases also contains impurities and that other intermediary components are to be formed such as compounds composed of phosphorus and carbon, phosphate and carbon and the like.
• the combustion of carbonaceous material is performed in a first combustion chamber (as conventionally known) and the combustion gases are recovered instead of being sent into atmosphere in a heat exchange chamber (where as commonly known, heat is recovered, i.e. a first thermal energy is recovered).
• the first thermal energy is transferred in the said heat exchange chamber, for example, to water, thereby generating steam that can be used in a steam turbine which extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into mechanical work.
• the phosphorus is fed into said heat exchange chamber where the combustion gases are sent from the combustion gases exit and is able to capture oxygen from the noxious gases, thereby destroying the greenhouse compounds (CO 2 becomes a deposit of carbon or other carbonaceous compounds since oxygen is captured).
• the second thermal energy is composed of a luminescent energy and of an enthalpy energy produced by the reaction of phosphorus and oxygen.
• a reaction with oxygen takes place at the surface of phosphorus, forming molecules with a short live such as HPO and P 2 O 2 that both emit visible light.
• the process according to the invention further comprises a step of reflecting the luminescent energy to a predetermined point of said heat exchange chamber where said luminescent energy is transformed into thermal energy.
• the yield of the process according to the invention is largely increased and energy is recovered from a lot of secondary reactions in the process according to the invention.
• the combustion gases originate from the combustion of carbonated material chosen in the group consisting of fuel, coal, biomass and the like generating a thermal energy called third thermal energy.
• said third thermal energy being transformed into mechanical work by a gas turbine.
• said third thermal energy is used directly for heating a raw material without being transformed.
• said phosphorus is chosen in the group of red phosphorus, black phosphorus, white phosphorus, their mixture and the like.
• water and/or steam is further injected into the heat exchange chamber to convert phosphorus oxides produced by the reaction of phosphorus and oxygen into phosphoric acid.
• phosphoric acid can be further recovered as a valorisable by-product as such or further transformed into phosphate elements.
• the invention relates also to a device for trapping oxygen- containing noxious gases from combustion gases comprising a heat exchange chamber having a first inlet for combustion gases and an outlet for steam generated by heat exchange of thermal energy with water.
• the device according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a second inlet into said heat exchange chamber for feeding phosphorus.
• the heat exchange chamber further comprises a reflector means provided to reflect the luminescent energy to a predetermined point of said heat exchange chamber where said luminescent energy is transformed into thermal energy.
• the device further comprises a water bath in which a keg is immerged, said keg further comprising an outlet connected to said second inlet.
• the water bath heats the phosphorus until a temperature comprised between 70 and 95°C, preferably between 80 and 9O 0 C for transforming solid phosphorus in liquid phosphorus in an ultrafluid state.
• said outlet of said keg comprises a siphon to avoid the contact between oxygen or air and phosphorus.
• said heat exchange chamber further comprises an inlet for water and/or steam and by this means, steam of water can be injected in the case where the combustion gases do not contain enough water molecules to transform phosphorus oxides into phosphoric acid.
• the phosphoric acid can be further purified and sold as such or serves as a basis for producing phosphate compounds that can be further used, for example, as fertilizers
• the invention relates also to the use of phosphorus for trapping oxygen from oxygen-containing noxious gases from combustion gases and for precipitating said noxious gases.
• the device comprises a combustion zone 1 comprising a gas turbine 2 of a conventional type for the combustion of carbonated material such as fuel, coa! or biomass.
• the gas turbine is further connected to a generator 3 to produce electricity in a conventional way that will not be further described here.
• the combustion of carbonated material produces hot combustion gases at a temperature generally comprised between 450 0 C and 700 0 C, preferably around 600 0 C.
• the hot combustion gases are directed in a stack 4 and are loaded with carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, metal oxide, sulphur oxide, nitrogen oxide and the like.
• the stack is connected to a heat exchange chamber 5 according to the invention by means of the first combustion gases inlet 6.
• a water coil 7 for capturing the heat from the waste combustion gases.
• the water coil 7 passes through the heat exchange chamber 5 according to the invention before being further connected to a steam turbine 8 for recovering energy.
• the combustion gases containing the waste energy penetrates in the heat exchange chamber 5 wherein phosphorus is further fed by means of the second inlet 9 for phosphorus.
• the second inlet 9 abuts preferably in the central portion of the heat exchange chamber 5 in order to optimize the recovered luminescent energy that can be reflected in the reflector 15.
• the second inlet 9 for phosphorus is connected to a conduit 10 free of oxygen comprising a siphon 11 for avoiding the contact between phosphorus, preferably white phosphorus, and air or oxygen.
• the keg 12 containing phosphorus is immerged in a water bath 13 for preventing the contact between air or oxygen and phosphorus.
• the water bath also heats the phosphorus at a temperature between 70 and 95°C, preferably between 80 and 90 c C for transforming solid phosphorus in liquid phosphorus in an ultrafluid state.
• the heat exchange chamber 5 according to the invention is made of refractory material for having the best thermal energy recovering.
• the process according to the invention aims to trap completely or nearly completely oxygen-containing noxious gases and greenhouse gases that exit gas turbines 2 or other plant 1 using combustion of hydrocarbon material whilst optimizing the potential energy of those gases.
• the invention uses a recovery heat exchange chamber 5 comprising a reactive zone in which phosphorus can react (preferably white phosphorus).
• phosphorus will enter spontaneously into combustion by contact with hot recovered combustion gases.
• the combustion of phosphorus can be regulated by the amount of fed phosphorus and would be as to consummate the maximum of the present oxygen in carbon dioxides, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide of the combustion gases.
• White phosphorus is easily combined with oxygen to form oxides, in particular phosphorus oxides that sublimate at 250 0 C.
• the liquid white phosphorus feeding in the absence of oxygen, for example, when residual oxygen has been consummated, under pressure at the heart of the recovered gases, causes immediately oxidation-reduction reaction of carbon dioxides, carbon monoxide, sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide, as well as other gaseous oxides and forms phosphor intermediates P 4 Oi 0 .
• steam is also added in the heat exchange chamber to produce phosphoric acid from the phosphor intermediates P 4 Oi O that is clearly instable in the presence of water.
• the result will be a carbon residue (carbon precipitates, compounds of phosphor and carbon as well as compounds of phosphate and carbon), phosphoric acid, sulphur residues and gases (nitrogen, inert gases).
• the residues can be evacuated from the chamber, for example by passing said exiting gases through heat exchanger to recover thermal energy and precipitates fines.
• the remaining residues will then be striked- off in the bottom of the chamber or on the walls by means of a striking-off means 14. Further, the residues can be valorised as fertilizers since rich in phosphorus.
• the process according to the invention allows therefore to optimize the recovering of combustion gases, inter alia in a combined cycle (combined cycle gas turbine plant), but also in a post-combustion cycle of any hot gases and loaded originating from any industrial thermal cycles.
• the process according to the invention provides the oxidation-reduction of any oxygen-containing noxious gases present in recycled gases from turbines 2 or industrial thermal cycles. Further, the energy that is contained in the recycled gases is doped and increased by the addition of the energy originating from the combustion of phosphorus (from the exothermic reaction as well as from the emitted luminescent energy).
• the heat exchange chamber 5 comprises reflector means 15 provided to reflect the luminescent energy to a predetermined point said heat exchange chamber 5 where said luminescent energy is transformed into thermal energy.
• the heat exchange chamber further comprises an outlet 16 for exiting waste gases exempt from noxious gases and comprising, for example nitrogen.
• the outlet 16 can be further provided with filtration units for recovering fines.
• the steam turbine is further connected to a generator 17 for converting thermal energy into mechanical work and into electricity for further use.
• the combustion gases can be on line analysed for dosing the presence of oxygen in oxygen-containing noxious gases and in combustion gases (that still contains traces of air and/or oxygen) for optimizing the phosphorus feeding rate.
• oxygen-containing noxious gases that still contains traces of air and/or oxygen
• combustion gases that still contains traces of air and/or oxygen
• red phosphorus or black phosphorus instead of the siphon, a device for injecting under inert atmosphere is provided in which the powdered phosphorus is propulsed by an inert gas.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-07-09 EP EP08160029A patent/EP2143477A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-07-08 EP EP09780329A patent/EP2321032A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-07-08 WO PCT/EP2009/058684 patent/WO2010003984A1/en active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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