EP2318490A1 - Utilisation de carbones sous-fluores en tant que lubrifiant solide - Google Patents
Utilisation de carbones sous-fluores en tant que lubrifiant solideInfo
- Publication number
- EP2318490A1 EP2318490A1 EP09769445A EP09769445A EP2318490A1 EP 2318490 A1 EP2318490 A1 EP 2318490A1 EP 09769445 A EP09769445 A EP 09769445A EP 09769445 A EP09769445 A EP 09769445A EP 2318490 A1 EP2318490 A1 EP 2318490A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- fluorinated
- graphitic structure
- subfluorinated
- carbons
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011852 carbon nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002110 nanocone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 18
- -1 graphite fluorides Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004435 EPR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002107 nanodisc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000371 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018287 SbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004334 fluoridation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010966 qNMR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/02—Carbon; Graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/09—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with free halogens or interhalogen compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N15/00—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions
- F16N15/02—Lubrication with substances other than oil or grease; Lubrication characterised by the use of particular lubricants in particular apparatus or conditions with graphite or graphite-containing compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
- C10M2201/0423—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/08—Halogenation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of subfluorinated carbons as a solid lubricant.
- Carbon of graphitic structure is known as a solid lubricant.
- the carbon of graphitic structure can be used as a solid lubricant in humid atmosphere and not in the ambient air, that is to say with a relative humidity of about 55%.
- These graphite fluorides can be used in different atmospheres, that is to say moist air, dry air, dry argon and up to temperatures of 550 ° C. They can also be used under vacuum, that is, ie under ultra-vacuum from 10 "8 to 10 ⁇ 9 Torr, while giving a low wear rate.
- the first method is a process for the direct fluorination of graphite at temperatures between 420 ° C. and 550 ° C. Such a process is described in W. Rudorff et al, Z. Anorg. Allgem. Chem., 253, 281 (1947).
- the graphite fluorides thus obtained at a higher temperature, in particular at 550 ° C. correspond to a structure (CF) n in which the carbon layers consist of an infinite network of hexagonal rings of chair or boat form, linked between they by covalent bonds formed between the sp 3 carbon atoms. Each carbon atom is bonded to a fluorine atom also by a covalent bond.
- graphite fluorides which are carbon-fluorine insertion compounds. These graphite fluorides have been obtained by various methods of fluorination of carbon at room temperature. At room temperature, fluorine alone does not react with graphite. Some of these processes consist in reacting graphite with a gaseous mixture F 2 + HF in the presence or absence of a metal fluoride such as LiF, SbF 5 , WF 6 , CuF 2, AgF or IF 5 and post-heat treatment under F 2 gas at temperatures between 100 0 C and 600 0 C.
- a metal fluoride such as LiF, SbF 5 , WF 6 , CuF 2, AgF or IF 5
- the family of subfluorinated carbons is also known.
- subfluorinated carbons The main characteristic of this family of carbons, called subfluorinated carbons, is the presence of carbon domains of non-fluorinated graphitic structure intimately mixed with carbon domains of fluorinated (CF) n type structure.
- the carbon domains of non-fluorinated graphitic structure are nano-domains.
- nano-domains are meant domains in which at least one dimension is between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer inclusive, preferably between 1 and 300 nanometers inclusive.
- under-fluorinated carbons that are used in the invention as a solid lubricant. Indeed, these subfluorinated carbons have an excellent coefficient of friction of less than 0.1 at 25 ° C and in the ambient air, that is to say at a relative humidity of about 55% and this even after 100 cycles, that is to say 100 round-trip of the friction ball on the sample, as will be seen below.
- the invention proposes the use of subfluorinated carbons comprising domains, preferably having at least a dimension of between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer, more preferably between 1 and 300 nanometers, of carbon purely of graphitic structure, that is, non-fluorinated, in combination with fluorinated carbon domains of (CF) n type structure, in powder form, as a solid lubricant.
- the molar percentage of carbon of graphitic structure with respect to the total number of moles of subfluorinated carbon is greater than or equal to 5% but strictly less than 100%.
- the under fluorinated carbon is obtained by fluorination of a carbon matrix at a temperature of between 300 ° C. and 500 ° C. inclusive.
- this carbon matrix has a graphitic structure.
- the carbon matrix with graphitic structure consists of nanofibers and / or nanocones and / or nanodisks and / or carbon nanoparticles of graphitic structure. More preferably, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the carbon matrix consists of carbon nanofibers of graphitic structure which is fluorinated by direct fluorination at a temperature between 370 0 C and 500 0 C inclusive. Most preferably, in this first preferred embodiment of the invention, the carbon matrix consists of carbon nanofibers graphitic structure and is fluorinated by direct fluorination at a temperature between 400 0 C and 425 ° C inclusive.
- the carbon matrix consists of carbon and / or coke and / or petroleum pitch, of graphitic structure.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents the apparatus used for the friction tests making it possible to determine the coefficient of friction of the various fluorinated and subfluorinated carbons tested
- FIG. 2 represents the evolution of the coefficient of friction of a subfluorinated carbon according to the invention as a function of the number of cycles of friction
- FIG. 3 represents the coefficients of friction of various subfluorinated carbons according to the invention after 60 friction cycles
- FIG. 4 represents the coefficients of friction of various subfluorinated carbons according to the invention after 100 friction cycles
- FIG. 5 shows the evolution of the coefficient of friction of a graphite fluoride of the prior art of formula CF 1, -i as a function of the number of friction cycles
- FIG. 6 represents the friction coefficients of various graphite fluorides having undergone thermal post-treatment at temperatures of 100 0 C, 200 ° C, 400 ° C, 500 ° C and without post-heat treatment under F2, after four cycles and after sixty cycles of friction
- the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention are obtained from different carbon matrices.
- a carbon matrix of graphitic structure which can consist of a powder whose grains have a size greater than one micron, on average, or nanomaterials, that is to say nanofibers and / or nanotubes, and / or nanodiscs, and / or nanocones, and / or carbon nanoparticles of graphitic structure .
- the carbon matrix constituted by graphite or graphitizable carbon with a mosaic texture is reacted with a gaseous mixture HF + F 2 in the presence of a fluoride MF n at a temperature of temperature of between 15 ° C. and 80 ° C., M representing the element chosen from among 1 Cl 1 Br, Re, W, Mo 1 Nb 1 Ta, B 1 Ti 1 P, As, Sb,
- the compound obtained at the end of the first step is reacted with fluorine for 1 to 20 hours at a temperature of between 20 ° C. and 400 ° C.
- the subfluorinated carbons of the invention may also be obtained by direct fluorination of carbon nanomaterials of graphitic structure.
- Nanomaterials are nanofibers, nanotubes, nanodiscs, nanocons, nanoparticles or mixtures thereof.
- carbon nanomaterials of graphitic structure are subjected to a gaseous source of elemental fluorine, at a pressure of between 1 atmosphere and 0.1 atmosphere, at a temperature of between 375 ° C. and 480 ° C. 0 C included, for a duration determined according to the mass of carbon and the flow of fluorine.
- the nanomaterials thus obtained have an atomic F / C ratio, measured by NMR of fluorine 19, which may be greater than 1.
- the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention may have an overall F / C atomic ratio greater than 1 .
- what characterizes the subfluorinated carbons used as a solid lubricant in the invention is the fact that they comprise carbon domains of non-fluorinated graphitic structure intimately mixed with fluorinated carbon domains. Now, there are, on the periphery of carbon domains purely of graphitic structure or fluorinated carbon domains, zones in which the fluorine content is greater.
- the synthesis of the subfluorinated carbons of the invention from carbon nanofibers of graphitic structure can, as already stated, be carried out, by direct fluorination, with molecular fluorine at temperatures above 300 ° C., preferably between 300 0 C and 500 ° C inclusive.
- Another method for producing the subfluorinated carbons of the invention is to use a fluorinating agent rather than molecular fluorine.
- This fluorinating agent is a fluoride of an element which may have several degrees of oxidation, such as terbium which exists in the form of Tb 3+ and Tb 4+ ions.
- this fluorinating agent for example between 200 ° C. and 450 ° C. for TbF 4 , generates TbF 3 and either atomic or molecular fluorine, which can then react with the carbonaceous material at the target temperature (300 ° C. T ⁇ 50O 0 C) 1 decomposition temperatures of the fluorinating agent and the carbon can be differentiated.
- the amount of fluorine that has reacted is controlled by the amount of fluorinating agent.
- An excess of fluorinating agent is applied. For example, to obtain an F / C ratio of 1, the number of moles of TbF 4 is 1.5 for one mole of C. More details on this process are given in "Fluorination of poly (p-phenylene) using TbF 4 as fluorinating agent "W. Zhang et al., Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 128 (2007) 1402-1409.
- the subfluorinated carbons of the invention can also be obtained from carbon nanomaterials which have not initially been a graphitic structure but which consist of a graphitizable carbon material.
- the process for synthesizing such subfluorinated carbons is given in patent application WO 2007/126436.
- the subfluorinated carbons of the invention can be prepared from different initial carbons, that is to say from carbon, coke, petroleum pitch, nanotubes, nanofibers, nanodisks, nanocones, carbon nanoparticles that either have a graphitic structure or are graphitizable.
- the chemical composition of the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention that is to say the atomic rate of fluorine "x" in CF x, can be determined by two methods: by weight gain and by NMR of fluorine 19 in comparison with a calibration sample, polytetrafluoroethylene
- the fluorine level indicated is the fluorine content measured by quantitative NMR of the fluorine 19, and the F / C ratio is calculated as a function of the fluorine content thus calculated. But this method becomes imprecise when the F / C ratios are low, that is to say less than 0.04. Therefore, in Table 1 below, F / C ratios below 0.06 are indicated as approximate values.
- the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, high-resolution ( 19 F and 13 C) solid-state NMR and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR).
- the molar percentage of non-fluorinated carbon was measured by the deconvolution of the 13 C NMR spectra.
- the signal of the non-fluorinated carbons is observed at 120 ppm / TMS as for pure graphite.
- the percentage of graphitic carbon is obtained by making the surface ratio of the peaks:
- the graph represents the surface of the graphitic carbon signal
- S C -F represents the signal surface of the carbons bound by covalent CF bonds
- S C -F represents the signal surface of the carbons bonded by semi-CF bonds.
- covalentes sp 2 carbon in weak interaction with the fluorine atoms
- Sc-c represents the signal surface of the diamond type carbons.
- subfluorinated carbons of the invention still contain strictly less than 100% graphitic carbon since they will have been fluorinated.
- the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention contain at least 5%, but less than 100% graphitic carbon.
- the carbon matrix is weighed at a mass of about 20 g.
- the carbon matrix is degassed beforehand under a primary vacuum for two hours. Then it is introduced into a cylindrical nickel reactor having a volume of 4 liters.
- An N 2 scan is carried out for two hours at a temperature of 200 ° C., then the temperature is increased with a temperature ramp of 5 ° C.min -1 to the desired fluorination temperature.
- a flow of molecular fluorine (about 2 g per hour) is applied at ambient pressure for a period of about 16 hours, depending on the desired level of fluorine.
- the underfluorinated carbon obtained is allowed to cool to room temperature and its chemical composition, that is to say the atomic percentage of fluorine in the subfluorinated carbon, is determined by the fluorine NMR method 19 previously described. .
- the percentage of carbon of non-fluorinated graphitic structure in the products obtained was calculated as previously described by deconvolution of the 13 C NMR spectra of these products.
- reaction temperatures with fluorine, the fluorination times, the atomic F / C ratio and the percentage of carbon of structure graphitic measured on the samples obtained in this example are grouped in Table 1 below.
- This carbon matrix is treated and analyzed as in Example 1.
- the carbon matrix consisting of carbon nanofibers of graphitic structure is weighed to a mass of about 60 mg. Then it is introduced, using a nickel nacelle, into a cylindrical nickel reactor having a volume of 0.7 liters, together with 1.175 g of TbF 4 in a second nacelle nickel.
- the nacelle containing the TbF 4 is positioned in zone 1 of the two-zone furnace, while the nacelle containing the carbon matrix is positioned in the temperature zone of the furnace corresponding to the desired fluorination temperature.
- a primary vacuum is then applied to the reactor (10 ⁇ 2 atm). The temperature of the oven is set at 500 ° C.
- Example 1 the subfluorinated carbon obtained is allowed to cool to room temperature and analyzed as in Example 1.
- Table 1 includes the fluorination temperature, the fluorination time, and the F / C atomic ratio and the mole percentage. carbon of nonfluorinated graphitic structure in the samples obtained by this method.
- the subfluorinated carbons obtained in Examples 1 to 3 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, high-resolution ( 19 F and 13 C) solid-state NMR and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR).
- the 19 F NMR shows that the CF bond in the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention has a covalent character.
- 13 C shows the presence of carbons with graphitic structure C sp2 (thus non-fluorinated), carbons strongly bound to fluorine (covalent bond) C sp3, carbons more weakly bound to fluorine C sp2 and diamond carbons C sp3.
- the determination of the tribological parameters is carried out using a sphere-plane type of tribometer shown schematically in FIG.
- this tribometer comprises a steel plane 100C6, denoted 1 in FIG. 1, of dimension 10 ⁇ 2 mm and a ball, denoted 2 in FIG. 1, of diameter 10 mm also made of 100C6 steel.
- Force sensors not shown in FIG. 1, are connected to a data acquisition system which makes it possible to control the experiments from a computer.
- This method involves spreading the test sample, in the form of a powder, on a plane and crushing it with another plan and removing the surplus.
- the planes used are first polished using sandpaper (1000 ⁇ m and 400 ⁇ m) to allow good adhesion of the lubricant film. Asperities are estimated at 100 nm peak to peak.
- the planes are then sonicated in ethanol and acetone baths to remove impurities and abrasive particles.
- the sample noted CNF-435 is then deposited on a plane thus forming the lubricant film, denoted 3 in FIG.
- the test consists in applying a normal force Fn, denoted 4 in FIG. 1, to the steel ball, marked 2 in FIG. 1, and in imposing an reciprocating movement, noted in FIG. 1, which allows the measurement of the force Tangential Ft.
- Fn normal force
- FIG. 2 shows the evolution of the coefficient of friction for the sample noted CNF-435 in Table 1. This underfluorinated carbon was obtained by fluorination of carbon nanofibers of graphitic structure at 435 ° C. This evolution is representative of the evolution of the coefficient of friction of fluorinated carbon nanofibers for fluoridation rates between ⁇ 0.04 and 1.1 inclusive.
- the subfluorinated carbons of the invention are excellent solid lubricants since their coefficient of friction is less than 0.1.
- Example 5 The same tests as in Example 5 were carried out on the other products obtained in Example 1.
- Example 3 illustrates the evolution of the friction coefficient ⁇ of 60 th to the cycle for the different sub-fluorinated carbons obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the evolution of the coefficient of friction ⁇ for the hundredth cycle for the various subfluorinated carbons obtained in Example 1.
- the tribological behavior of a carbon fluoride obtained at high temperature of the prior art was tested in the same way as described in Example 3.
- the carbon fluoride of the prior art used has a composition CF 1 I. It was obtained by direct fluorination at 600 ° C. for 5 hours of a carbon of graphitic structure, natural graphite, with an average particle size of 6 microns (UF 4 supplied by Carbone Lorraine). This carbon did not contain carbon domains of non-fluorinated graphitic structure.
- Figure 5 shows the evolution of the coefficient of friction of carbon fluoride of the prior art as a function of the number of cycles.
- the coefficient of friction is 0.07 and then increases gradually during the friction test. At 60 cycles, the coefficient of friction reaches the value of 0.10.
- the coefficient of friction for the 60 th cycle of the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention remains less than or equal to 0.08.
- the subfluorinated carbons of the invention have exceptional and long-lasting lubricating properties, compared with pure graphite and with respect to the carbon fluorides of the prior art.
- the subfluorinated carbons used in the invention obtained at these temperatures are low in fluorine but the fluorine atoms present are organized in the carbon matrix with a fluorine content of between 0.1 and 0.5.
- Graphite fluorides of the prior art have been synthesized by fluorinating at room temperature of natural graphite from Madagascar with a mixture of HF, F 2 and IF 5.
- the chemical composition of the obtained product is CF 0, 73 (IF 5) o , o2 (HF) o, o6-
- a thermal post-treatment is then carried out under fluorine gas at temperatures ranging between 100 ° C and 600 ° C inclusive.
- the compounds are designated T F PT where FPT is the temperature of the thermal post-treatment.
- subfluorinated carbons used in the invention have very low coefficients of friction with respect to all the fluorinated carbons, carbon fluorides and graphites used in the prior art as solid lubricants, but they can also be used as solid lubricants both under vacuum, under high vacuum, in dry or wet air or in a liquid or viscous dispersant such as an oil.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0803047A FR2931923B1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2008-06-03 | Utilisation de carbones sous-fluores en tant que lubrifiant solide |
| PCT/FR2009/000613 WO2009156604A1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-05-27 | Utilisation de carbones sous-fluores en tant que lubrifiant solide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2318490A1 true EP2318490A1 (fr) | 2011-05-11 |
Family
ID=39745112
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09769445A Ceased EP2318490A1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-05-27 | Utilisation de carbones sous-fluores en tant que lubrifiant solide |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110098517A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2318490A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2011522098A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2726649C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2931923B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009156604A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6702483B2 (ja) | 2018-05-21 | 2020-06-03 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フッ化カーボン、雪氷上用潤滑剤及び塗装方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5918107A (ja) * | 1982-07-19 | 1984-01-30 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 改質されたフッ化黒鉛からなる固体潤滑剤 |
| US5712062A (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1998-01-27 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Carbon fluoride particles, preparation process and uses of the same |
| JP3291803B2 (ja) * | 1992-11-06 | 2002-06-17 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フッ化カーボン粒子およびその製法ならびに用途 |
| US20070218364A1 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-09-20 | Whitacre Jay F | Low temperature electrochemical cell |
| ES2495722T3 (es) * | 2005-11-16 | 2014-09-17 | California Institute Of Technology | Fluoración de nanomateriales de carbono multicapa |
-
2008
- 2008-06-03 FR FR0803047A patent/FR2931923B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-05-27 CA CA2726649A patent/CA2726649C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-27 US US12/995,902 patent/US20110098517A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-27 EP EP09769445A patent/EP2318490A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-05-27 JP JP2011512163A patent/JP2011522098A/ja active Pending
- 2009-05-27 WO PCT/FR2009/000613 patent/WO2009156604A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2726649C (fr) | 2016-11-29 |
| JP2011522098A (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
| US20110098517A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
| WO2009156604A1 (fr) | 2009-12-30 |
| FR2931923B1 (fr) | 2010-07-30 |
| CA2726649A1 (fr) | 2009-12-30 |
| FR2931923A1 (fr) | 2009-12-04 |
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