EP2309924A2 - Extrémités de fibre façonnées et leurs procédés de fabrication - Google Patents

Extrémités de fibre façonnées et leurs procédés de fabrication

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Publication number
EP2309924A2
EP2309924A2 EP09800730A EP09800730A EP2309924A2 EP 2309924 A2 EP2309924 A2 EP 2309924A2 EP 09800730 A EP09800730 A EP 09800730A EP 09800730 A EP09800730 A EP 09800730A EP 2309924 A2 EP2309924 A2 EP 2309924A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical fiber
fiber tip
core
tip
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09800730A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jing Tang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cornova Inc
Original Assignee
Cornova Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cornova Inc filed Critical Cornova Inc
Publication of EP2309924A2 publication Critical patent/EP2309924A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
    • A61B1/00096—Optical elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
    • A61B1/00165—Optical arrangements with light-conductive means, e.g. fibre optics
    • A61B1/0017—Details of single optical fibres, e.g. material or cladding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852—Catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852—Catheters
    • A61B5/6853—Catheters with a balloon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for the analysis and treatment of a lumen. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention relate to a balloon catheter system that is used to perform methods of analysis and angioplasty of endo vascular lesions.
  • PTA percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedure
  • PTCA percutaneous coronary transluminal angioplasty procedure
  • COR-024CPPCT 1 utilize a flexible catheter with an inflation lumen to expand, under relatively high pressure, a balloon at a distal end of the catheter to expand a stenotic lesion.
  • stents expandable tubular structures
  • angioplasty balloon utilized with a stent
  • a stent delivery system An angioplasty balloon utilized with a stent.
  • Conventional stents have been shown to be more effective than an angioplasty procedure alone in order to maintain patency in most types of lesions and also to reduce other near-term endovascular events.
  • a risk with a conventional stent is the reduction in efficacy of the stent due to the growth of the tissues surrounding the stent which can again result in the stenosis of the lumen, often referred to as restenosis.
  • coated stents are generally referred to as drug-eluting stents, though some coated stents have a passive coating instead of an active pharmaceutical agent.
  • catheter probes including some described in the aforementioned disclosures, include various therapeutic components but do not combine angioplasty treatments with effective, safe spectroscopic examination and diagnosis with commercially viable flexibility and dimensions for coronary vessel use (e.g., catheters having less than about 1.5 mm in outer diameter and generally having fewer than 8 fibers) .
  • COR-024CPPCT 2 Catheter probes may be small enough and flexible enough for coronary use, but are nevertheless very limited in the numbers and dimensions of optical components that can be packaged in the catheter probe's body and distal end.
  • the tips of one or more fibers having maximum core/cladding diameters of 125 microns deliver and/or collect radiation about a circumferential perimeter of the tip of greater than about 90 degrees and, in an embodiment, of greater than about 120 degrees and, in an embodiment, of greater than about 150 degrees and, in an embodiment, of up to 360 degrees.
  • the tips of the fibers are also manufactured to distribute and/or collect radiation across a longitudinal scope of greater than about 10 degrees in the direction opposite the distal end of the one or more fibers and, in an embodiment, greater than about 30 degrees and, in an embodiment, greater than about 60 degrees.
  • the tips of the one or more fibers are modified with a process that forms a cavity or recess or other desired shape in the terminating end of the tip.
  • the process includes the steps of providing a fiber end with a predetermined core/cladding profile having at least one first material with a first resistance level to an etchant and at least one second material with a second resistance level to the etchant that is greater than the first resistance level.
  • the concentration of the first material gradually decreases and the concentration of the second material gradually increases as the material's distance from the center of the fiber increases.
  • the second material comprises silica and the first material comprises a dopant.
  • the dopant comprises Germanium (Ge).
  • the dopant comprises at least one of Fluorine (F), Beryllium (Be), and Phosphorous (P).
  • the etchant comprises Hydrofluoric acid (HF).
  • said recess has a shape of a conic section. In an embodiment, said recess has the shape of a cone.
  • said primary vertex has a maximum depth that is less than a maximum diameter of said core. In an embodiment, said maximum depth is less than 75% of the maximum diameter of said optical fiber tip. In an embodiment, said primary vertex has a maximum depth of less than about 70 microns. In an embodiment, said primary vertex has a maximum depth of less than about 50 microns.
  • the core has a terminating end and wherein an air gap is located between said vertex located within said core and said at least one of the reflective material, light diffusing material, and light blocking material.
  • said air gap has a span along the longitudinal axis of the fiber tip that is about the same as a width of said core. In an embodiment, said air gap has a span along the longitudinal axis of the fiber tip of about 50 microns or less.
  • said tip is manufactured to emit or collect radiation circumferentially around approximately 90 degrees or more of the end of the fiber optics. In an embodiment, said tip is manufactured to emit or collect radiation around approximately 120 degrees or more of the circumference of said tip. In an embodiment, said tip is manufactured to emit or collect radiation around approximately 150 degrees or more of the circumference of said tip. In an embodiment, said tip is manufactured to emit or collect radiation around the entire circumference of said tip.
  • the catheter further comprises a flexible, expandable balloon around said terminating end.
  • said flexible, expandable balloon is an angioplasty balloon.
  • said optical fiber tip is radially coupled to said angioplasty balloon.
  • the method further comprises forming a cladding about said optical fiber core, wherein said optical fiber core and cladding comprises a material composition, the material composition including a first material having a first level of resistance to said etching process and a second material having a second increased level of resistance to said etching process.
  • said optical fiber core comprises a graded index core fiber.
  • said optical fiber tip has a core diameter of about 200 microns or less. In an embodiment, said core diameter is about 100 microns or less. In an embodiment, said core diameter is about 50 microns or less.
  • said recess is formed in the shape of an ellipse. In an embodiment, said recess is formed with a primary vertex located proximal to a center of the core of said optical fiber.
  • said primary vertex is formed with a maximum depth from the end of said optical fiber tip that is less than the maximum diameter of the core of said optical fiber tip. In an embodiment, said maximum depth is less than 75% of the maximum diameter of said optical fiber tip.
  • said primary vertex is formed with a maximum depth from the end of said optical fiber tip of less than about 70 microns. In an embodiment, said primary vertex is formed with a maximum depth from the end of said optical fiber tip of less than about 50 microns. In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step of covering said recess with at least one of a reflective material and light diffusing material.
  • said at least one of a reflective material and light diffusing material comprises at least one of a glass and a polymer.
  • FIG. 1 A is an illustrative view of a fiber tip for analyzing and medically treating a lumen, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. ID is an illustrative cross-sectional view of the fiber tip of FIG. 1C, taken along section lines II-IF .
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the catheter of FIG. 2A, taken along section lines I-r of FIG. 2 A.
  • FIG. 3 B is a block diagram illustrating an instrument deployed for analyzing and medically treating the lumen of a patient, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 A is an illustrative schematic view of a fiber tip being formed in an etchant solution according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4B is an illustrative cross-sectional view of the fiber tip of FIG. 4A, taken along section lines I-F, while placed in an etchant solution according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7C is an illustrative view of a fiber tip with an air gap spaced between a reflective coating and the core of the tip.
  • FIG. 8B is an illustrative perspective view of the fiber tip and reflective surface of FIG. 8 A taken along reference line H-II'.
  • FIG. 9 is an illustrative perspective view of a fiber tip adjacent a flat reflective surface according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. IA is an illustrative view of a fiber tip 45 A for analyzing and medically treating a lumen, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. IB is an illustrative cross-sectional view of the fiber tip 45 A of FIG. IA, taken along section lines I-F.
  • Fiber tip 45A includes a conically-shaped recess 55 A formed in a core about which radiation entering and exiting fiber tip 45 A may be incident on, such as along exemplary sample trace arrows 42.
  • fiber tip 45 A is adopted as a light delivery/collection end of one or more fibers in an optical probe such as a catheter probe of which embodiments are further described herein.
  • the conically-shaped recess 55A allows radiation to be distributed or collected about a substantially wider directional scope than a conventional fiber end, wherein radiation, for example, optical radiation such as light (e.g., along trace lines 42) is refracted or reflected at various angles after becoming incident upon the recess 55 A.
  • the recess 55 A can have other shapes, such that a vertex is located within the core of the tip 45 A. In other embodiments, recess 55 A can have other shapes that comprise higher order polynomial curves. In other embodiments, the recess has a curved surface, the curved surface having a vertex within the core.
  • a fiber with a recessed tip in accordance with an embodiment of the invention permits the recess 55 A to allow light 43 passing through the fiber in a direction of the fiber to be collected from or distributed or otherwise redirected in directions substantially transverse to the direction of the light 43 passing through the fiber.
  • the angle ⁇ defining the conical shape of recess 55 A can be increased so as to allow distribution and/or collection of radiation across a range of directions relative to the longitudinal direction of the fiber, for example, the directions being greater than about 10 degrees and up to about 120 degrees off- axis from the longitudinal axis of the fiber.
  • the conically-shaped recess 55 A also allows light to be distributed/collected up to a full 360 degree periphery about the fiber tip circumference.
  • the fibers with recesses in accordance with those described herein have cores with maximum diameters of about 100 microns or less (and total maximum outer diameters of 125 microns or less). These embodiments thereby significantly increase the effective numerical aperture and control over transmission to/from low diameter fibers
  • recess 55B can have other shapes with a recess having a vertex located within the core of the tip 45B.
  • recess 55B can have other shapes that comprise higher order polynomial curves.
  • the recess 55B has a curved surface, the curved surface having a vertex within the core.
  • a recess 55B is configured in an elliptically-shaped manner which can allow more light to be distributed between the longitudinal/side direction than that of a more angularly sharper recess (e.g., such as that of FIGs. IA- IB).
  • a fiber tip recess is adapted in relation to a fiber's core/cladding components to provide a desired optical profile such as, for example, those described in further detail herein below.
  • Formed tips according to various embodiments of the invention can increase the directional scope (aperture) in which light is delivered and collected and, in particular, those directions transverse to the longitudinal axis of the catheter's treatment end.
  • the formed tips are particularly beneficial for near-field type scanning around the circumferential periphery of the tips and, in an embodiment, are adapted for use in fibers that are maintained in close peripheral contact to the outside edge of an angioplasty-type balloon system such as described further herein.
  • the embodiment is particularly advantageous in that it may avoid the need for many of the additional components (e.g., reflectors, lenses, etc%) common to typical optical fiber catheter probes while allowing for delivery and collection of radiation across a wide area.
  • the potential loss of power associated with the removal of a core and cladding from the fiber is mitigated by the close proximity in which various embodiments position the tips 45 A, 45B in relation to targeted tissue and/or fluids
  • COR-024CPPCT 12 2B is a cross-sectional view of the catheter of FIG. 2 A, taken along section lines I- F of FIG. 2 A.
  • FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the catheter of FIG. 2 A, taken along section lines II- IF of FIG. 2A.
  • a flexible outer covering 30 can operate as an inflatable balloon and is attached at its proximal end about a catheter sheath 20.
  • An inner balloon 50, fibers 40, and a guidewire sheath 35 extend through an opening 22 at a distal end of catheter sheath 20 and into inner balloon 50.
  • a proximal end of inner balloon 50 is attached to the interior of catheter sheath 20 with glue 52 placed between inner balloon 50 and catheter sheath 20.
  • An intervening lumen 63 formed between catheter sheath 20 and guidewire sheath 35 can be used to transfer fluid media to inner balloon 50 from a fluid source (e.g., liquid/gas source 156 of FIGs. 3A-3B).
  • a separate lumen 67 can be used to transfer fluid to and from the area between outer covering 30 and inner balloon 50 (e.g., as in an angioplasty balloon).
  • both inner balloon 50 and lumen 67 are supplied simultaneously by the same fluid source.
  • Inner balloon 50 is initially filled with fluid and will continue to expand against outer covering 30 as fluid pressure between inner balloon 50 and guidewire sheath 35 and the fluid pressure between the outer covering 30 and inner balloon 50 equalize, resulting in the distal end acting as an angioplasty balloon while substantially maintaining the delivery and collection ends 45 of fibers 40 against the inside wall of outer covering 30.
  • Fiber tips 45 can be in accordance with, for example, those of FIGs. 1 A-ID so as to allow distribution and/or collection of radiation (e.g., along exemplary trace lines 42) about the periphery of outer covering 30 and an adjacent lumen wall.
  • fiber tips 45 include two delivery ends 45D for delivering radiation and two collection ends 45R for receiving radiation.
  • FIG. 3 A is an illustrative view of a catheter instrument 10 for analyzing and medically treating a lumen, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3B is a block diagram illustrating an instrument 100 deployed for analyzing and medically treating the lumen of a patient, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the catheter assembly 10 includes a catheter sheath 20 and at least two fibers 40, including one or more delivery fiber(s) connected to at least one source 180 and one or more collection fiber(s) connected to at least one detector 170.
  • Catheter sheath 20 includes a guidewire sheath 35 and guidewire 145.
  • the distal end of catheter assembly 10 includes an inner balloon 50 and a flexible outer covering 30. In an embodiment, inner balloon 50 and outer covering 30 function as a lumen expanding balloon (e.g., an angioplasty balloon).
  • the delivery and collection ends 45 are preferably configured to deliver and collect light about a wide angle such as, for example, between about at least a 120 to 180 degree cone around the circumference of each fiber, from a direction outward toward targeted tissues/fluids such as exemplified in FIGs. IA- ID and 2C.
  • a wide angle such as, for example, between about at least a 120 to 180 degree cone around the circumference of each fiber, from a direction outward toward targeted tissues/fluids such as exemplified in FIGs. IA- ID and 2C.
  • Various methods for forming such delivery and collection ends are described in more detail herein below.
  • Various such embodiments in accordance with the invention allow for diffusely reflected light to be readily delivered and collected between fibers 40 and tissue surrounding the distal end of catheter 10.
  • the proximal ends of fibers 40 are connected to a light source 180 and/or a detector 170 (which are shown integrated with an analyzer/processor 150).
  • Analyzer/processor 150 can be, for example, a spectrometer which includes a processor 175 for processing/analyzing data received through fibers 40.
  • a computer 152 connected to analyzer/processor 150 can be used to operate the instrument 100 and to further process spectroscopic data (including, for example, through chemometric analysis) in order to diagnose and/or treat the condition of a subject 165.
  • Input/output components (I/O) and viewing components 151 are provided in order to communicate information between, for example, storage and/or network devices and the like and to allow operators to view information related to the operation of the instrument 100.
  • FIG. 4A is an illustrative schematic view of a fiber tip being formed in an etchant solution according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4B is an illustrative cross- sectional view of the fiber tip of FIG. 4A, taken along section lines I-I', while placed in an COR-024CPPCT 15 etchant solution according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4C is an illustrative schematic view of the fiber tip of FIG. 4A after extraction from an etchant solution.
  • FIG. 4D is an illustrative schematic view of a portion of the outer protective layer being removed from the fiber tip of FIGs. 4A-4C.
  • the process for forming a fiber tip 345 occurs (as shown in FIG.
  • the core 310 is formed utilizing a process such as activated chemical vapor deposition such that fine layers of core material are applied about the circumference of the core 310 with the desired concentrations of first and second materials (e.g., dopant and silica, respectively,) for providing the desired resistance levels relative to specific distances from the center of the core.
  • first and second materials e.g., dopant and silica, respectively,
  • a layer of the core material applied during the process is about 0.004 inches thick.
  • Fiber 340 is shown held in bath 200 of etchant solution for a predetermined amount of time.
  • fiber 340 has a graded index core with a diameter of between about 50 and 100 microns and is held in the etchant 220 for a period between about 4 minutes to 15 minutes or more.
  • COR-024CPPCT 16 interior In various embodiments, general techniques for applying etchant solutions to fiber tips for forming pointed or sharpened ends are adapted for forming recessed tips as described herein. Some techniques for etching pointed or sharpened tip ends are described in P.K. Wong et al., "Optical Fiber Tip Fabricated By Surface Tension Controlled Etching," CM Ho - Proc. of Hilton Head (2002), Lazarev, et al., "Formation of fine near-field scanning optical microscopy tips. Part I. By static and dynamic chemical etching," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3684 (2003), U.S. Patent Application No. 6,905,623 by Wei at al., the entire contents of each of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the outer protective layer 330 is removed from a portion of tip 345 so as to allow radiation to travel between the core of fiber 340 and locations transverse the longitudinal axis of fiber tip 345.
  • the removal process uses a laser 350 (as shown in FIG. 4D) to cut a thin slice through layer 330, after which the portion 330' of layer 330 distal to the slice can be removed from tip 345, as shown by arrows.
  • laser, chemical, and/or mechanical processes known to those of ordinary skill in the art can be used to remove the portion 330' of outer layer 330 without undue damage to the interior core/cladding of fiber tip 345.
  • the formed tips are applied to fibers having graded index cores with maximum core diameters of about 100 microns or less and, in an embodiment, are of about 50 microns or less.
  • the maximum outer diameters of the fibers are of about 125 microns or less and in an embodiment, are of about 70 microns or less with appropriately sized layers of cladding and protective outer material (e.g., polyimide).
  • Fibers with preferable core sizes between about 50 to 100 microns in various embodiments of the invention can be facilitated with generally thinner than typical overcladding/protective layers because the fibers will generally remain highly protected within the catheter components such as those described herein.
  • Fibers with cores having diameters as small as about 9 microns for use with various embodiments of the invention can be obtained with various requested properties (e.g., low profile overcladding/jackets, doping profiles) from, for example, Yangtze Optical Fiber and Cable Co., Ltd. of Wuhan, China (See http://www.yofcfiber.com) and OFS Specialty Photonics (See http://www.specialtyphotonics.com) having offices in
  • a dopant that can be used in a graded-index embodiment of the invention comprises
  • the dopant comprises at least one of Fluorine (F), Beryllium (Be), and Phosphorous (P).
  • the change in the index of refraction across the diameter of the fiber core ranges between about 1.458 and 1.49 wherein the maximum index of refraction occurs in the center of the fiber core and varies approximately in proportion to the dopant concentration.
  • the maximum dopant concentration is about 15% of the material composition of the fiber at the center of a fiber and is gradually reduced to a concentration of 0% of the material composition of the fiber, for example, as presented in Figs. 5A and 6A.
  • FIG. 5 A is an illustrative chart of the dopant concentration of a graded index fiber core in an embodiment of the invention.
  • the dopant concentration is configured to provide an etched core including the shape of a conic section (i.e., that of the intersection between a plane and a cone).
  • FIG. 5B is an illustrative cross- sectional view of a fiber tip 355 A formed from a graded index fiber core with a dopant concentration having an elliptical profile such as according to the chart of FIG. 5 A.
  • a wet etching process such as described above is applied to form the fiber tip 355 A and produce a recess within the core having cross-sections in the shape of an ellipse.
  • FIG. 6A is another illustrative chart of dopant concentration of a graded index fiber core in another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6B is an illustrative cross-sectional view of a fiber tip 355B formed from a fiber core with a dopant concentration having a linear profile such as according to the chart of FIG. 6 A.
  • a wet etching process such as described above is applied to a fiber tip so as to provide a cone- shaped shaped recess 355B.
  • the core's graded indexing can be adjusted to provide a particular desired optical configuration.
  • the fiber tip can be cleaved at various angles prior to etching so as to also help configure the tip to a desired optical configuration (e.g., and help concentrate delivered/collected radiation along various axis).
  • FIG. 7 A is an illustrative cross-sectional view of a fiber tip having an end coated with a reflective and/or light diffusing material according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7B is an illustrative perspective view of the fiber tip of FIG. 7 A taken along reference line I- F.
  • a coating 340 is added to the recess 355, which promotes distribution/collection of radiation along various axes transverse to the longitudinal axis of fiber tip 45.
  • the coating 340 can be added by applying a reflective (e.g., gold, silver) spray coating to recessed surface of the tip 45 (after masking off the other surfaces of tip 45) or filling in the recess with a reflective material such as a highly reflective polymer or metallic material including, for example, those that can be shaped/molded and/or later hardened with curing.
  • a reflective material such as a highly reflective polymer or metallic material including, for example, those that can be shaped/molded and/or later hardened with curing.
  • the reflective material is applied prior to removal of an outer protective jacket (e.g., jacket 330, 330' of FIGs. 4B and 4D). In this manner, the jacket may serve to protect aspects of the tip 345 from contamination by the coating 340.
  • FIG. 7C is an illustrative view of a fiber tip 50 with an air gap 347 spaced between a reflective coating 345 and the core 310 of the tip 50.
  • such an air gap 347 provides a greater change between indices of refraction across the outer boundary of the core 310 where light enters or exits, thus increasing the level light is directed off-axis from the longitudinal path 346 of the fiber core 310.
  • the width 312 of the gap is approximately the width of the fiber core 310.
  • the height 314 of the gap is approximately the same as the width of the fiber core 310.
  • the width 312 and height 314 of the gap 3 are about 50 microns or less.
  • FIG. 8A is an illustrative cross-sectional view of a fiber tip 45 positioned adjacent a reflective surface 80 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8B is an illustrative perspective view of the fiber tip 45 and reflective surface 80 of FIG. 8 A taken along reference line II-IP.
  • a reflective surface 80 is placed adjacent a fiber tip 45 so that tip 45 is positioned between reflective surface 80 and targeted body tissue/fluids such as those described herein with regard to FIG. 3 A. Placement of surface 80 in this manner can help direct more radiation between tip 45 and targeted body tissue/fluids.
  • FIG. 9 is an illustrative perspective view of a fiber tip 45 adjacent a flat reflective surface 82 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a flatter surface can concentrate the scope of delivered/collected radiation in a bearing more direct to body tissue/fluids than a convex surface would.
  • one or more customized distinct reflective surfaces can be arranged adjacent to individual fiber tips such as flat rectangular pieces attached to an inner balloon (e.g., see co-pending U.S. Application No. 61/019,626, filed on January 8, 2008, the entire contents of which has been incorporated by reference above).
  • FIG. 10 is an illustrative perspective view of a fiber tip 45 adjacent a concave reflective surface 85 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a more concave surface with respect to bodily tissue/fluids can help concentrate and/or evenly distribute radiation directed between a fiber tip 45 and the targeted tissue/fluids.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une extrémité de fibre optique qui comprend une âme et une cavité formée dans ladite âme à une extrémité distale de l'extrémité de la fibre optique, ladite cavité présentant un nœud à l'intérieur de ladite âme.
EP09800730A 2008-07-22 2009-05-15 Extrémités de fibre façonnées et leurs procédés de fabrication Withdrawn EP2309924A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8272108P 2008-07-22 2008-07-22
PCT/US2009/044078 WO2010011400A2 (fr) 2008-07-22 2009-05-15 Extrémités de fibre façonnées et leurs procédés de fabrication

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EP2309924A2 true EP2309924A2 (fr) 2011-04-20

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