EP2304338A1 - Système de réfrigération de transport et procédé de commande - Google Patents

Système de réfrigération de transport et procédé de commande

Info

Publication number
EP2304338A1
EP2304338A1 EP09747456A EP09747456A EP2304338A1 EP 2304338 A1 EP2304338 A1 EP 2304338A1 EP 09747456 A EP09747456 A EP 09747456A EP 09747456 A EP09747456 A EP 09747456A EP 2304338 A1 EP2304338 A1 EP 2304338A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
vapor
compression system
vapor compression
set forth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09747456A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2304338A4 (fr
Inventor
Yu H. Chen
Lucy Yi Liu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Publication of EP2304338A1 publication Critical patent/EP2304338A1/fr
Publication of EP2304338A4 publication Critical patent/EP2304338A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B60H1/3216—Control means therefor for improving a change in operation duty of a compressor in a vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/3292—Compressor drive is electric only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0251—Compressor control by controlling speed with on-off operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F25B2600/111—Fan speed control of condenser fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/006—Cooling of compressor or motor
    • F25B31/008—Cooling of compressor or motor by injecting a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/027—Condenser control arrangements

Definitions

  • the refrigerant vapor of a vapor compression system operating in the transcritical range is compressed by way of a digital scroll compressor.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic illustration of the resultant cooling capacity control in accordance with the present invention.
  • the system since the system uses CO 2 as the working fluid, it necessarily operates in a transcritical cycle, such that the refrigerant heat rejecting heat exchanger 12, which may be referred to as a condenser, has high pressure refrigerant passing in heat exchange relationship with a cooling medium, most commonly ambient air, in air conditioning systems or transport refrigeration system.
  • the refrigerant heat rejecting heat exchanger 12 constitutes a gas cooler heat exchanger through which supercritical refrigerant passes in heat relationship with the cooling medium.
  • the condenser/gas cooler 12 has a fan 17 driven by a multi-speed motor 18 and controlled in a manner to be described hereinafter.
  • the liquid refrigerant passes from the flash tank receiver 21 to the expansion device 13 where it expands to a lower pressure and temperature before entering the evaporator 14.
  • the evaporator 14 constitutes a refrigerant evaporating heat exchanger through which expanded refrigerant passes in heat exchanger relationship with the heating fluid with the refrigerant being vaporized and typical superheated.
  • the heating fluid passing in heat exchange relationship with the refrigerant constitutes air to be supplied to a perishable cargo storage zone associated with a transport refrigeration unit.
  • the low pressure refrigerant vapor leaves the evaporator 14 and then returns to the suction port of the compression device 11.
  • the digital scroll operates in two stages - the "loaded state”, when the compressor operates like a standard scroll and delivers full capacity and mass flow, and the "unloaded state”, when there is no capacity and no mass flow through the compressor.
  • the digital scroll compressor operates under the concept of cycle time. Each cycle time consists of a "loaded state” time and "unloaded state” time. The digital scroll compressor will effectively reduce compression ratio and therefore compressor discharge temperature through the control of cycle time.
  • the compressor In the "loaded state”, the compressor operates like a standard scroll and delivers full capacity and mass flow.
  • the "unloaded state there is no capacity and no mass flow through the compressor.
  • the duration of these two-time segments determine the capacity modulation of the compressor. For example, as shown in Fig.
  • the controller 22 When in the perishable (chill) mode, the controller 22 maintains the supply air temperature at set point, and the compressor 11 is operating at a part load condition. Thus, in order to remove extra capacity from the system, the control 22 first selects a low speed for the gas cooler fan motor 18 and opens valve 19 so as to thereby reduce the compressor discharge pressure. Then the "loaded state" time of the compressor is reduced as much as possible while maintaining the supply air temperature at set point. By reducing compressor discharge pressure, the compressor dome temperature is reduced due to lower compression ratios and, in turn, the compressor reliability is improved.
  • the line A in Fig. 3 shows the manner in which the cooling capacity is varied during operation in this mode.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de compression de vapeur de réfrigérant utilisant du CO2 en tant que fluide de travail et exécutant un cycle transcritique, la compression du réfrigérant étant réalisée au moyen d'un compresseur à spirale numérique conçu pour un cycle de service variable par modulation d'impulsions en durée. Le taux de compression est maintenu à un niveau acceptable par commande sélective de divers composants dans le système, en fonction du mode d'exécution.
EP09747456.3A 2008-05-14 2009-05-13 Système de réfrigération de transport et procédé de commande Withdrawn EP2304338A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12761308P 2008-05-14 2008-05-14
PCT/US2009/043773 WO2009140372A1 (fr) 2008-05-14 2009-05-13 Système de réfrigération de transport et procédé de commande

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2304338A1 true EP2304338A1 (fr) 2011-04-06
EP2304338A4 EP2304338A4 (fr) 2014-09-03

Family

ID=41319036

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09747456.3A Withdrawn EP2304338A4 (fr) 2008-05-14 2009-05-13 Système de réfrigération de transport et procédé de commande

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110048042A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2304338A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011521195A (fr)
CN (1) CN102027300A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009140372A1 (fr)

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US8538585B2 (en) * 2008-10-24 2013-09-17 Thermo King Corporation Control of pull-down in refrigeration systems
WO2011112500A2 (fr) * 2010-03-08 2011-09-15 Carrier Corporation Commande de la capacité et de la pression dans un système de transport réfrigéré
CN101858621A (zh) * 2010-05-26 2010-10-13 广东欧科空调制冷有限公司 多联式空调机组及其工作方法
US20120073316A1 (en) * 2010-09-23 2012-03-29 Thermo King Corporation Control of a transcritical vapor compression system
WO2013016403A1 (fr) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Carrier Corporation Logique de commande de la température pour système de réfrigération
EP2764301B1 (fr) 2011-09-23 2019-11-27 Carrier Corporation Système de réfrigération de transport doté d'un refroidissement des gaz d'échappement du moteur
JP2013185803A (ja) * 2012-03-12 2013-09-19 Panasonic Corp ヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置
US10451325B2 (en) 2012-08-24 2019-10-22 Carrier Corporation Transcritical refrigerant vapor compression system high side pressure control
DK2888543T3 (da) * 2012-08-24 2021-04-06 Carrier Corp Trinovergang i transkritisk kølemiddeldampkompressionssystem
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US10302342B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2019-05-28 Rolls-Royce Corporation Charge control system for trans-critical vapor cycle systems
US10132529B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2018-11-20 Rolls-Royce Corporation Thermal management system controlling dynamic and steady state thermal loads
US9676484B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-06-13 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. Adaptive trans-critical carbon dioxide cooling systems
EP2994385B1 (fr) 2013-03-14 2019-07-03 Rolls-Royce Corporation Systèmes de refroidissement à co2 transcritique adaptatifs pour applications aérospatiales
US9718553B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-08-01 Rolls-Royce North America Technologies, Inc. Adaptive trans-critical CO2 cooling systems for aerospace applications
CN104406339B (zh) * 2013-11-12 2018-03-06 江苏春兰动力制造有限公司 一种单螺杆压缩机无级能量调节控制方法
DE102015104464B4 (de) 2015-03-25 2018-08-02 Halla Visteon Climate Control Corporation Verfahren zur Regelung für einen R744-Kältemittelkreislauf
CN106322804B (zh) * 2015-06-30 2023-03-31 开利公司 制冷系统及其净化方法
US20180347864A1 (en) * 2015-12-04 2018-12-06 Carrier Corporation Natural refrigerant transport refrigeration unit
US10543737B2 (en) 2015-12-28 2020-01-28 Thermo King Corporation Cascade heat transfer system
WO2017139148A1 (fr) 2016-02-10 2017-08-17 Carrier Corporation Gestion de puissance pour système de réfrigération de transport de co2
US10538146B2 (en) * 2016-12-06 2020-01-21 Ford Global Technologies Llc Reducing externally variable displacement compressor (EVDC) start-up delay
US10240840B2 (en) * 2016-12-22 2019-03-26 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Scroll unloading detection system
US11193703B1 (en) * 2017-05-10 2021-12-07 Equilibar, Llc Dome-loaded back pressure regulator with setpoint pressure energized by process fluid
US11041501B2 (en) * 2019-03-20 2021-06-22 The Boeing Company Compressed air system
EP3875874A1 (fr) 2020-03-05 2021-09-08 Thermo King Corporation Stratégies de commande de vitesse pour un ventilateur de condensateur dans un système de réfrigération
CN111829205B (zh) * 2020-06-04 2021-12-07 广东奥伯特节能设备有限公司 数码涡旋热泵机组及其控制方法、装置和存储介质
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009140372A1 (fr) 2009-11-19
CN102027300A (zh) 2011-04-20
JP2011521195A (ja) 2011-07-21
EP2304338A4 (fr) 2014-09-03
US20110048042A1 (en) 2011-03-03

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