EP2292969B1 - Device for storing and transporting cryogenic liquefied gases - Google Patents
Device for storing and transporting cryogenic liquefied gases Download PDFInfo
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- EP2292969B1 EP2292969B1 EP10450137.4A EP10450137A EP2292969B1 EP 2292969 B1 EP2292969 B1 EP 2292969B1 EP 10450137 A EP10450137 A EP 10450137A EP 2292969 B1 EP2292969 B1 EP 2292969B1
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- container
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
- F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
- F17C2201/0166—Shape complex divided in several chambers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/03—Orientation
- F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0308—Radiation shield
- F17C2203/032—Multi-sheet layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
- F17C2203/0387—Cryogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0629—Two walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
- F17C2203/0682—Special properties of materials for vessel walls with liquid or gas layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0192—Details of mounting arrangements with external bearing means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for storing and transporting cryogenically liquefied gases with a thermally insulated container, which is interspersed by pipe and optionally measuring lines and having an insulated jacket or an insulated sheath.
- thermally insulated containers are usually designed as double-walled vessels, wherein the double-walled shell structure is to be evacuated, so that a permanent vacuum prevails in this space or jacket.
- a removal line which usually either the liquid phase, the gas phase or both phases are removed and a corresponding pressure is built up inside the boiler to the liquid gas or its Press out gas phase.
- WO 2007/004896 A1 discloses a container for transporting compressed natural gas.
- US 3,103,791 discloses a container for storing liquified gases.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide a device for storing and transporting cryogenically liquefied gases, in which the heat input can be minimized and therefore can be dispensed with an external cooling.
- the proposed construction should withstand the desired temperatures and pressure and require no vacuum-tight welding. This makes production easier and less expensive and reduces the operating costs of such a device.
- the device according to the invention is designed such that the pipe and optionally measuring lines are surrounded within the container by a pressure resistor.
- the fact that the pipe and optionally measuring lines are surrounded by a pressure resistance within the container it is ensured that always the warmest part of the cryogenically liquefied gases is withdrawn via the pipes and thus the coldest cryogenically liquefied gas remains in the container. This happens because despite insulation a low heat input through the side walls of the container is expected. Due to this heat input, the cryogenically liquefied gas, which bears against the walls, is heated and begins to rise.
- the pressure resistance extends to the maximum filling level of the container. Since the filling level is chosen so that above the cryogenically liquefied gas there is still room for any gas phase which may occur, a thermal bridge up to the upper inner wall of the container is avoided by this design.
- the device is further developed such that in the container, a cup is arranged, wherein the inner diameter of the cup is selected to be greater than the outer diameter of the pressure resistor, the outer diameter of the cup smaller than the inner diameter of the Container is selected and the cup bottom is spaced from the container bottom.
- the cryogenically liquefied gas is stored in the cup.
- the gas phase fills the remaining space in the container, whereby the space between the container and cup is filled with the cold gas phase and the heat input is reduced in the cup and thus in the cryogenically liquefied gas.
- the cup is additionally insulated for this purpose, for which purpose vacuum-insulated panels or similar insulating materials are attached to the outer wall of the cup.
- the space between the container and cup is filled with reflective films, in particular the space between the cup side or cup bottom and container.
- the reflective foils are connected to one another, a vacuum can also be built up between the foils, if necessary, in order to further reduce the heat loss.
- the device Before filling such a device with cryogenically liquefied gas, the device must be moved cold, to which preferably the device is developed such that the inside of the container via a coolant which is introduced from the outside, cooled.
- a coolant As the coolant, a gas which is as low-boiling as possible can be selected, this gas preferably being led out of the system in liquid form.
- 1 denotes a tank or tank for liquefied gases, which is covered with vacuum-insulated panels 2, which are applied in two layers, the second layer covering the butt joints of the first layer.
- the tank 1 has an opening 3 extending in the axial direction, through which the pipes 4 dip into the tank. The opening is subsequently sealed with an insulating foam and thus forms with the pipes 4 a plug 5.
- a meter and valve module 6 attached.
- the pipelines 4 are fixed on the opposite side of the opening 3 on a pipe holder 7, which are subsequently fixed on the inside of the tank 1 via a mechanically resilient component 8, which serves as a strain compensation, such as. A spring.
- an upper transport bearing 9 is provided, which is covered during storage by a damp and heat insulating, removable cap 10.
- a damp and heat insulating, removable cap 10 On the opposite end of the tank 1 can be stored for transport to feet 11, which are attached via a voltage applied to the insulating layer strap or a support shell 12. With 13 an external weatherproof layer is designated.
- the pressure resistor is designated 14 and is formed by a cylindrical screen plate.
- the arranged in the container cup 15 is also covered on its outside with vacuum-insulated panels 2.
- the space between cup and container is filled with reflective sheets 16 to prevent free convection.
- With 17 cooling devices are referred to, which can be filled via lines 18 with a coolant. Via the lines 19, the coolant can, for example, be removed again after evaporation as a gas phase.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Speichern und Transportieren von kryogen verflüssigten Gasen mit einem thermisch isolierten Behälter, der von Rohr- und ggf. Messleitungen durchsetzt ist und einen isolierten Mantel bzw. eine isolierte Ummantelung aufweist.The invention relates to a device for storing and transporting cryogenically liquefied gases with a thermally insulated container, which is interspersed by pipe and optionally measuring lines and having an insulated jacket or an insulated sheath.
Konventionelle thermisch isolierte Behälter sind üblicherweise als doppelwandige Kessel ausgebildet, wobei die doppelwandige Mantelstruktur zu evakuieren ist, so dass ein bleibendes Vakuum in diesem Zwischenraum bzw. Mantel herrscht. Neben einer Füllleitung und Einrichtungen für entsprechende Füllstandsanzeigen ist bei derartigen Behältern auch eine Entnahmeleitung vorzusehen, wobei in aller Regel entweder die flüssige Phase, die Gasphase oder beide Phasen entnommen werden und ein entsprechender Druck im Inneren des Kessels aufgebaut wird, um das flüssige Gas oder dessen Gasphase auszupressen.Conventional thermally insulated containers are usually designed as double-walled vessels, wherein the double-walled shell structure is to be evacuated, so that a permanent vacuum prevails in this space or jacket. In addition to a filling line and facilities for appropriate level indicators is provided in such containers also a removal line, which usually either the liquid phase, the gas phase or both phases are removed and a corresponding pressure is built up inside the boiler to the liquid gas or its Press out gas phase.
Besonders kritische Stellen an derartigen Tanks sind die Stellen, an welchen Leitungen durch den doppelwandigen Mantel bzw. die Ummantelung hindurch geführt werden, wobei hier insbesondere neben dem Umstand, dass hier mit beiden Wänden Schweißverbindungen nötig sind, auch der Umstand berücksichtigt werden muss, dass in diesem Bereich hohe Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen vorliegen, welche hohe mechanische Beanspruchungen im Bereich der Schweißnähte zufolge haben. Bedingt durch die Konstruktion konventioneller Tanks sind Beeinträchtigungen, wie bspw. Haarrisse an einer Schweißnaht überaus kritisch, da sie die Funktion des gesamten Behälters beeinträchtigen. Ein erneutes Evakuieren zum Aufbau eines bleibenden Vakuums ist fast ausgeschlossen, so dass der Zwischenraum ein wärmetragendes Medium (z.B. Luft) aufnehmen kann.Particularly critical points on such tanks are the points at which lines are passed through the double-walled jacket or the sheath, in which case in addition to the fact that here with both walls welded joints are needed, the fact must be taken into account that in This area high thermal cycling are present, which have high mechanical stresses in the welds. Due to the construction of conventional tanks, impairments such as hairline cracks on a weld are extremely critical because they affect the function of the entire container. Re-evacuation to build a permanent vacuum is almost eliminated so that the space can accommodate a heat-carrying medium (e.g., air).
Bei konventionellen Tanks wurden darüber hinaus einige der Leitungen im evakuierten Mantelraum installiert, wodurch wiederum eine Wärmezufuhr zu der in den Rohren stehenden Flüssigkeit oder dem Gas von außen begünstigt wird.In conventional tanks, moreover, some of the pipes were installed in the evacuated shell space, thereby in turn, a heat supply to the liquid standing in the tubes or the gas is favored from the outside.
Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zum Speichern und Transportieren von kryogen verflüssigten Gasen zu schaffen, bei welchen der Wärmeeintrag minimiert werden kann und daher auf eine externe Kühlung verzichtet werden kann. Die vorgeschlagene Konstruktion soll den gewünschten Temperaturen und dem Druck standhalten und kein vakuumdichtes Schweißen erfordern. Dadurch wird die Produktion einfacher und kostengünstiger und die Betriebskosten einer derartigen Vorrichtung werden gesenkt.The aim of the present invention is to provide a device for storing and transporting cryogenically liquefied gases, in which the heat input can be minimized and therefore can be dispensed with an external cooling. The proposed construction should withstand the desired temperatures and pressure and require no vacuum-tight welding. This makes production easier and less expensive and reduces the operating costs of such a device.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung derart ausgebildet, dass die Rohr- und ggf. Messleitungen innerhalb des Behälters von einem Druckwiderstand umgeben sind. Dadurch, dass die Rohr- und ggf. Messleitungen innerhalb des Behälters von einem Druckwiderstand umgeben sind, wird sichergestellt, dass über die Rohrleitungen immer der wärmste Teil der kryogen verflüssigten Gase abgezogen wird und somit das kälteste kryogen verflüssigte Gas im Behälter zurückbleibt. Dies geschieht, da trotz Isolation ein geringer Wärmeeintrag durch die seitlichen Behälterwände zu erwarten ist. Aufgrund dieses Wärmeeintrages wird das kryogen verflüssigte Gas, welches an den Wänden anliegt, erwärmt und beginnt nach oben zu steigen. Da keine sonstigen Strömungen in dem Behälter auftreten, bildet sich so eine Konvektionszelle, wobei das erwärmte kryogen verflüssigte Gas um die zentral angeordneten Mess- bzw. Rohrleitungen wieder absinkt. Durch Anordnung eines Druckwiderstandes um die Rohrleitungen, welcher in bevorzugter Weise von einem zylinderförmigen Siebblech, einem sehr feinen Lochblech oder Gitter gebildet ist, wird sichergestellt, dass das aufgewärmte kryogen verflüssigte Gas im Bereich um die Rohrleitungen verweilt und sich nicht mit dem kälteren kryogen verflüssigten Gas außerhalb des Druckwiderstandes vermischt. Durch Abschöpfen des jeweils wärmsten Teils des kryogen verflüssigten Gases, kann ein eventueller Wärmeeintrag über den Mantel bei Ausbringen des erwärmten kryogen verflüssigten Gases wieder aus dem Behälter geführt werden.To solve this problem, the device according to the invention is designed such that the pipe and optionally measuring lines are surrounded within the container by a pressure resistor. The fact that the pipe and optionally measuring lines are surrounded by a pressure resistance within the container, it is ensured that always the warmest part of the cryogenically liquefied gases is withdrawn via the pipes and thus the coldest cryogenically liquefied gas remains in the container. This happens because despite insulation a low heat input through the side walls of the container is expected. Due to this heat input, the cryogenically liquefied gas, which bears against the walls, is heated and begins to rise. Since no other flows occur in the container, so forms a convection cell, wherein the heated cryogenically liquefied gas to the centrally located measuring or piping drops again. By arranging a pressure resistance around the pipes, which is preferably formed by a cylindrical screen plate, a very fine perforated plate or grid, it is ensured that the heated cryogenic liquefied gas dwells in the area around the pipes and not with the colder cryogenic liquefied gas outside the pressure resistor mixed. By skimming the respective warmest part of the cryogenically liquefied gas, a possible heat input through the jacket when discharging the heated cryogenically liquefied gas can be led out of the container again.
In bevorzugter Weise erstreckt sich hierbei der Druckwiderstand bis zur maximalen Füllhöhe des Behälters. Da die Füllhöhe so gewählt ist, dass oberhalb des kryogen verflüssigten Gases auch noch Platz für eine eventuell auftretende Gasphase ist, wird durch diese Ausbildung eine Wärmebrücke bis zur oberen Innenwand des Behälters vermieden.In a preferred manner, in this case, the pressure resistance extends to the maximum filling level of the container. Since the filling level is chosen so that above the cryogenically liquefied gas there is still room for any gas phase which may occur, a thermal bridge up to the upper inner wall of the container is avoided by this design.
Um den Wärmeeintrag auf das kryogen verflüssigte Gas weiter zu reduzieren, ist die Vorrichtung derart weitergebildet, dass in dem Behälter ein Becher angeordnet ist, wobei der Innendurchmesser des Bechers größer als der Außendurchmesser des Druckwiderstandes gewählt ist, der Außendurchmesser des Becher kleiner als der Innendurchmesser des Behälters gewählt ist und der Becherboden vom Behälterboden beabstandet ist. Dabei wird das kryogen verflüssigte Gas in dem Becher gelagert. Die Gasphase füllt den restlichen Raum im Behälter, wodurch der Zwischenraum zwischen Behälter und Becher mit der kalten Gasphase gefüllt ist und der Wärmeeintrag in den Becher und damit in das kryogen verflüssigte Gas reduziert wird.In order to further reduce the heat input to the cryogenically liquefied gas, the device is further developed such that in the container, a cup is arranged, wherein the inner diameter of the cup is selected to be greater than the outer diameter of the pressure resistor, the outer diameter of the cup smaller than the inner diameter of the Container is selected and the cup bottom is spaced from the container bottom. The cryogenically liquefied gas is stored in the cup. The gas phase fills the remaining space in the container, whereby the space between the container and cup is filled with the cold gas phase and the heat input is reduced in the cup and thus in the cryogenically liquefied gas.
In bevorzugter Weise ist der Becher dabei zusätzlich isoliert, zu welchem Zweck vakuumisolierte Paneele oder ähnliche Isoliermaterialien an der Außenwand des Bechers angebracht werden.In a preferred manner, the cup is additionally insulated for this purpose, for which purpose vacuum-insulated panels or similar insulating materials are attached to the outer wall of the cup.
Um die Wärmeübertragung außerhalb des Bechers weiter zu reduzieren, ist vorgesehen, dass der Raum zwischen Behälter und Becher mit reflektierenden Folien gefüllt ist, insbesondere der Raum zwischen Becherseite bzw. Becherboden und Behälter. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die freie Konvektion und die Wärmestrahlung in diesem Bereich unterbunden und der Wärmeeintrag kann nicht direkt an den Becher weitergeleitet werden.To further reduce the heat transfer outside the cup, it is provided that the space between the container and cup is filled with reflective films, in particular the space between the cup side or cup bottom and container. By this measure, the free convection and the heat radiation is suppressed in this area and the heat input can not be forwarded directly to the cup.
Wenn, wie es einer bevorzugten Ausbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung entspricht, die reflektierenden Folien miteinander verbunden sind, kann zwischen den Folien auch nötigenfalls ein Vakuum aufgebaut werden, um den Wärmeverlust weiter zu reduzieren.If, as is the case with a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the reflective foils are connected to one another, a vacuum can also be built up between the foils, if necessary, in order to further reduce the heat loss.
Vor Befüllung einer derartigen Vorrichtung mit kryogen verflüssigtem Gas muss die Vorrichtung kalt gefahren werden, wozu in bevorzugter Weise die Vorrichtung derart weitergebildet ist, dass die Innenseite des Behälters über ein Kühlmittel, das von außen eingebracht wird, gekühlt ist. Als Kühlmittel kann ein möglichst tiefsiedendes Gas gewählt werden, wobei dieses Gas vorzugsweise flüssig aus dem System geführt wird.Before filling such a device with cryogenically liquefied gas, the device must be moved cold, to which preferably the device is developed such that the inside of the container via a coolant which is introduced from the outside, cooled. As the coolant, a gas which is as low-boiling as possible can be selected, this gas preferably being led out of the system in liquid form.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing.
In der Zeichnung ist mit 1 ein Behälter bzw. Tank für verflüssigte Gase bezeichnet, welcher mit vakuumisolierten Paneelen 2 verkleidet ist, welche in zwei Lagen aufgebracht sind, wobei die zweite Lage die Stoßfugen der ersten Lage verdeckt. Der Tank 1 weist eine in axialer Richtung verlaufende Durchbrechung 3 auf, durch welche die Rohrleitungen 4 in den Tank eintauchen. Die Durchbrechung ist in weiterer Folge mit einem Isolierschaum abgedichtet und bildet somit mit den Rohrleitungen 4 einen Stopfen 5. An den Rohrleitungen 4 sind außerhalb des Tanks 1 ein Messgeräte- und Armaturenmodul 6 angebracht. Die Rohrleitungen 4 sind an der der Durchbrechung 3 gegenüberliegenden Seite an einer Rohrhalterung 7 festgelegt, welche in weiterer Folge über einen mechanisch nachgiebigen Bauteil 8, der als Dehnungsausgleich dient, wie bspw. eine Feder, an der Innenseite des Tanks 1 befestigt sind.In the drawing, 1 denotes a tank or tank for liquefied gases, which is covered with vacuum-insulated
Für den Transport des Tanks 1, ist ein oberes Transportlager 9 vorgesehen, welches bei der Lagerung durch eine feuchte- und wärmeisolierende, abnehmbare Kappe 10 verdeckt wird. Auf dem gegenüberliegenden Ende kann der Tank 1 für den Transport an Stellfüßen 11 gelagert werden, welche über einen an der Isolationsschicht anliegenden Tragegurt bzw. eine Trageschale 12 befestigt sind. Mit 13 ist eine außen anliegende Wetterschutzschicht bezeichnet.For the transport of the
Der Druckwiderstand ist mit 14 bezeichnet und wird von einem zylinderförmigen Siebblech gebildet. Der in dem Behälter angeordnete Becher 15 ist an seiner Außenseite ebenfalls mit vakuumisolierten Paneelen 2 verkleidet. Der Zwischenraum zwischen Becher und Behälter ist mit reflektierenden Folien 16 gefüllt, um die freie Konvektion zu verhindern. Mit 17 sind Kühleinrichtungen bezeichnet, welche über Leitungen 18 mit einem Kühlmittel gefüllt werden können. Über die Leitungen 19 kann das Kühlmittel bspw. nach Verdunstung als Gasphase wieder abgeführt werden.The pressure resistor is designated 14 and is formed by a cylindrical screen plate. The arranged in the
Claims (6)
- An apparatus for storing and transporting cryogenically liquefied gases with a thermally insulated container, which is interspersed by pipes and optionally by measuring lines and having an insulated jacket or an insulated sheath, wherein the pipes and the measuring lines (4), if any, are surrounded within of the container (1) by a pressure resistor (14), characterized in that in the container (1) a cup (15) is arranged, wherein the inner diameter of the cup (15) is selected to be greater than the outer diameter of the pressure resistor (14), wherein the outer diameter of the cup (15) is selected to be smaller than the inner diameter of the container (1) and wherein the cup bottom is spaced from the container bottom and that the space between the container (1) and the cup (15) is filled with reflective foils (16), in particular the space between the cup side and cup bottom and the container.
- Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure resistor (14) is formed by a cylindrical screen plate, by a very fine perforated plate or by a grid.
- Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure resistance (14) extends to the maximum filling level of the container (1).
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cup (15) is insulated.
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reflective foils (16) are interconnected.
- Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inside of the container (1) is cooled via a coolant which is introduced from the outside.
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EP2292969B1 true EP2292969B1 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
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FR3016413B1 (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2018-06-15 | Arianegroup Sas | THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR A CRYOGENIC RESERVOIR OF SPACE ENGINE |
CN103836329B (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2016-01-06 | ä¸å›½ç§‘å¦é™¢ç”µå·¥ç ”究所 | A kind of vacuum vessel coaxial center pipe localization method |
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US2293263A (en) * | 1941-01-14 | 1942-08-18 | Linde Air Prod Co | Method of and apparatus for storing liquefied gas mixtures |
US3001376A (en) * | 1957-11-26 | 1961-09-26 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Storage tanks for liquid oxygen and the like in rockets |
GB920189A (en) * | 1960-11-02 | 1963-03-06 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Storage vessel for liquefied gases |
US3195620A (en) * | 1963-06-14 | 1965-07-20 | Hollins College Corp | Process and apparatus for maintaining constant low temperatures |
NO20053844L (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-08 | Compressed Energy Technology A | Compressed natural gas transport device |
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