EP2291340A1 - Filter device for removing particles from flowing gas - Google Patents

Filter device for removing particles from flowing gas

Info

Publication number
EP2291340A1
EP2291340A1 EP09753915A EP09753915A EP2291340A1 EP 2291340 A1 EP2291340 A1 EP 2291340A1 EP 09753915 A EP09753915 A EP 09753915A EP 09753915 A EP09753915 A EP 09753915A EP 2291340 A1 EP2291340 A1 EP 2291340A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter device
filter
aluminum titanate
glass
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09753915A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Galle
Jochen Linhart
Kathrin Lichtenwalter
Sabine Otterbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mann and Hummel GmbH
Original Assignee
Mann and Hummel GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE202008007223U external-priority patent/DE202008007223U1/en
Priority claimed from DE202008007224U external-priority patent/DE202008007224U1/en
Application filed by Mann and Hummel GmbH filed Critical Mann and Hummel GmbH
Publication of EP2291340A1 publication Critical patent/EP2291340A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
    • C03C10/0009—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing silica as main constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
    • C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • C04B35/462—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates
    • C04B35/478—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates based on titanates based on aluminium titanates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00793—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filters or diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
    • C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a
  • Such filter device for removing soot particles from a Ab ⁇
  • Such a filter device based on aluminum titanate Such a filter device based on aluminum titanate.
  • Such filters are for example in the exhaust aftertreatment
  • the cross-sectional shape of the wall flow filter depends on the installation requirements of the motor vehicle. Widely used are filter bodies with a round, elliptical or triangular cross-section.
  • the flow channels usually have a square or hexagonal cross section and are arranged in a narrow grid over the entire cross section of the filter body.
  • a diesel particulate filter ideally combines a low coefficient of thermal expansion, low pressure drop, high strength, and low cost. Problems that may arise with the use of cordierite include both low volumetric heat capacity and low thermal conductivity, which can result in unacceptably high temperatures or temperature peaks during operation, as well as low thermal stability. Furthermore, inorganic particles present in the diesel exhaust may react with the cordierite and cause filter failures, especially at so-called hotspots.
  • SiC silicon carbide
  • the processing requirements i.e., high temperatures, inert
  • Ceramic filter elements based on aluminum have recently been used.
  • Main component of each of the honeycomb segments comprises at least one of
  • Silicon carbide silicon nitride, cordierite, alumina, molybdenum, zirconium di ⁇
  • the coating material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates, cordierite, molybdenum, silicon carbide, aluminum titanate, zeolites, quartz, glasses, mixtures and mixed oxides thereof.
  • the invention is based on the object, a filter for the removal of
  • the present invention solves this problem by providing a Fil ⁇
  • the filter consists of aluminum titanate to which a glass ceramic part is added
  • the single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a Verbren ⁇
  • the figure shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a filter device according to the invention.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 is connected via an exhaust pipe 12, in which the filter device 14 according to the invention is arranged.
  • the filter device 14 soot particles are filtered out of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust pipe 12. This is especially necessary for diesel engines to comply with legal requirements.
  • the filter device according to the invention is not limited to use as a DPF, but quite generally as a gas filter, in particular for hot gas applications, for example. In industrial plants, can be used.
  • the filter device 14 includes in the illustrated embodiment, a cylindrical housing 16, in which, for example. A rotationally symmetrical, also a total cylindrical filter element 18 is arranged. Other housing types are also possible.
  • the filter element 18 is made of aluminum titanate to which is added a mineral phase consisting of alkali feld late and / or spinels.
  • glass ceramic used according to the invention is not glasses in the actual sense, but crystalline materials.
  • glass ramik comes from the production technology, because the mineral phase crystallizes out of the glass.
  • Glass-ceramic is the term for polycrystalline solids produced by ceramization, i.e., controlled devitrification of glasses. They are formed by heat treatment of a suitable glass in which crystals are thereby produced.
  • the filter element according to the invention consists of aluminum titanate and a glass ceramic, wherein the glass ceramic is the main phase.
  • the content of glass ceramic is between 0 and 95 wt .-%
  • the proportion of aluminum titanate is ⁇ 50 wt .-% and can be between 0 and 50 wt .-%.
  • the glass ceramic is composed, for example, of various lithium, and / or potassium and / or sodium aluminosilicates (cf further below).
  • the filter element according to the invention also consists of aluminum titanate and a glass ceramic, but the aluminum titanate is the main phase.
  • the content of aluminum titanate is between 0 and 95 wt .-%, the proportion of glass ceramic is ⁇ 50 wt .-%.
  • the glass ceramic is composed, for example, of various lithium, and / or potassium and / or sodium aluminosilicates (cf, below).
  • the glass-ceramic preferably has the following composition: alkalis 0-20% by weight; Alkaline earths 0-5% by weight; SiO 2 30-50% by weight; Al 2 O 3 30-50% by weight; TO2 0-20% by weight; Other 0-20% by weight. This is precisely the difference with previously known compositions. While similar compositions are used to achieve glass phases, according to the invention mineral phases are purposefully crystallized out of the glass phase. In the microstructure, lithium, potassium or sodium aluminosilicates crystallized from the glass phase are present, but none or virtually no glass phase.
  • the proportion of aluminum titanate is ⁇ 50% by weight, in addition there is one phase of the glass-ceramic (between 30 and 90%, depending on the other phases) and another mineral phase of other chemical compositions, e.g. Alkalifields or spinels, in the structure before.
  • the glass ceramics used according to the invention have due to their different properties (structure, design, material, melting range) suitable material properties for diesel particulate filter in terms of thermal expansion behavior, good thermal cycling and filter life.
  • glass-ceramics are known to have an extremely small (in the range of ⁇ 0-1.5) thermal expansion coefficient.
  • the thermal expansion of such a structure can be adjusted specifically.
  • the proportion of glass phase and mineral phase can be changed. This is a high proportion, in particular> 20%, preferably> 40%, aimed at a crystalline phase, since this has a very low thermal expansion.
  • the structure has no or only very small amounts of glass phase, the thermal expansion behavior improves significantly.
  • the mineral phase is crystallized from the glass in the present invention and is not present as a glassy phase.
  • Due to the low aluminum titanate content of ⁇ 50 wt .-% in certain embodiments is basically no Aluminimtitanat- material, but a glass ceramic material before.
  • the clearest distinction is the structure, which differs significantly from the previously known and used structures. This is not an aluminum titanate material with glass phase content, but a glass-ceramic material in which a certain proportion of aluminum titanate crystals is located.

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter device for removing particles from flowing gas, in particular, for removing particles from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The filter device has a filter element of aluminum titanate, to which a further phase is added, which consists of a glass ceramic.

Description

Beschreibung description
Filtereinrichtung zur Entfernung von Partikeln aus einem Gasstrom Technisches Gebiet [0001] Die Erfindung betrifft allgemein eine Filtereinrichtung zur Entfernung vonTechnical Field The invention generally relates to a filter device for the removal of particles
Partikeln aus einem Gasstrom. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung eineParticles from a gas stream. In particular, the invention relates to a
solche Filtereinrichtung zur Entfernung von Rußpartikeln aus einem Ab¬Such filter device for removing soot particles from a Ab¬
gasstrom einer Brennkraftmaschine. Ganz speziell betrifft die ErfindungGas flow of an internal combustion engine. More specifically, the invention relates
eine solche Filtereinrichtung auf der Basis von Aluminiumtitanat.Such a filter device based on aluminum titanate.
[0002] Derartige Filter werden zum Beispiel bei der AbgasnachbehandlungSuch filters are for example in the exhaust aftertreatment
selbstentzündender Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, insbesondere in diesel¬self-igniting internal combustion engines, especially in diesel¬
betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt. Üblicherweise sind solche Filterused motor vehicles. Usually such filters
aus einem keramischen Material, zum Beispiel Cordierit oder Siliziumcar-of a ceramic material, for example cordierite or silicon carbide
bid gefertigt. Keramische Körper aus Cordierit finden Verwendung in einerBid made. Cordierite ceramic bodies are used in one
Vielzahl von Hochtemperatur-Anwendungen, wie zum Beispiel katalyti-Variety of high-temperature applications, such as catalytic
schen Konvertern, NOx-Adsorbern, elektrisch geheizten Katalysatoren,converters, NO x adsorbers, electrically heated catalysts,
chemischen Prozesssubstraten und eben auch Dieselpartikelfilter.chemical process substrates and diesel particle filters.
[0003] Bei der Filtration von Dieselabgasen war Cordierit als kostengünstigesIn the filtration of diesel exhaust was cordierite as cost
Material, das einen niedrigen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten auf¬Material that auf¬ a low thermal expansion coefficient
weist, lange das Material der Wahl. Poröse Cordierit-Keramikfilter wurdenshows, long the material of choice. Porous cordierite ceramic filters were used
in Form von Wandflussfiltern seit den frühen 80er Jahren zur Entfernungin the form of Wandflussfiltern since the early 80s for removal
von Partikeln im Abgasstrom von Dieselmotoren verwendet.used by particles in the exhaust stream of diesel engines.
[0004] Wandflussfilter besitzen in der Regel eine zylindrische Form mit zwei Stirn¬Wandflussfilter usually have a cylindrical shape with two Stirn¬
flächen und einer Mantelfläche und werden von der ersten Stirnfläche zur zweiten Stirnfläche von einer Vielzahl von im Wesentlichen parallel zur Zylinderachse liegenden Strömungskanälen für die Abgase von Dieselmotoren durchzogen. Die Querschnittsform der Wandflussfilter hängt von den Einbauerfordernissen am Kraftfahrzeug ab. Weit verbreitet sind Filterkörper mit rundem, elliptischem oder dreiecksförmigem Querschnitt. Die Strömungskanäle weisen meist einen quadratischen oder hexagonalen Querschnitt auf und sind in einem engen Raster über den gesamten Querschnitt der Filterkörper angeordnet.surfaces and a lateral surface and are from the first end face to second end face of a plurality of lying substantially parallel to the cylinder axis flow channels for the exhaust gases of diesel engines. The cross-sectional shape of the wall flow filter depends on the installation requirements of the motor vehicle. Widely used are filter bodies with a round, elliptical or triangular cross-section. The flow channels usually have a square or hexagonal cross section and are arranged in a narrow grid over the entire cross section of the filter body.
[0005] Ein Dieselpartikelfilter (DPF) vereint idealerweise einen niedrigen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten, einen geringen Druckabfall, hohe Festigkeit und geringe Kosten. Probleme, die bei der Verwendung von Cordie- rit auftauchen können, umfassen sowohl eine niedrige volumetrische Wärmekapazität und niedrige thermische Leitfähigkeit, was zu nicht akzeptablen hohen Temperaturen oder Temperaturspitzen während des Betriebs führen kann, als auch eine geringe thermische Beständigkeit. Des weiteren können im Dieselabgas vorhandene anorganische Partikel mit dem Cordierit reagieren und Filterausfälle, insbesondere an sog. Hotspots, hervorrufen.A diesel particulate filter (DPF) ideally combines a low coefficient of thermal expansion, low pressure drop, high strength, and low cost. Problems that may arise with the use of cordierite include both low volumetric heat capacity and low thermal conductivity, which can result in unacceptably high temperatures or temperature peaks during operation, as well as low thermal stability. Furthermore, inorganic particles present in the diesel exhaust may react with the cordierite and cause filter failures, especially at so-called hotspots.
[0006] Ein alternatives Material zu Cordierit bei der Herstellung von Diesel- Partikelfiltern ist Siliciumcarbid (SiC). Obwohl dieses Material sowohl eine hohe volumetrische Wärmekapazität als auch eine hohe thermische Leitfähigkeit aufweist, besitzt es, als Ergebnis einer relativ hohen Wärmeaus- dehnung und eines hohen Elastizitätsmoduls auch eine schlechte Tempe¬An alternative material to cordierite in the manufacture of diesel particulate filters is silicon carbide (SiC). Although this material has both high volumetric heat capacity and high thermal conductivity, it has, as a result of relatively high heat output. Elongation and a high modulus of elasticity also a bad Tempe¬
raturwechselbeständigkeit. Dies macht es notwendig, SiC-Filter zu seg¬raturwechselbeständigkeit. This makes it necessary to segregate SiC filters
mentieren, um bei der Verwendung Ausfälle zu verhindern. Auch resultie¬to prevent failures during use. Also resultie¬
ren die Verarbeitungserfordernisse (d.h., hohe Temperaturen, Inertatmo¬The processing requirements (i.e., high temperatures, inert
sphäre und Segmentation) in hohen Herstellungskosten.sphere and segmentation) in high production costs.
[0007] In neuerer Zeit sind keramische Filterelemente auf der Basis von Alumini-[0007] Ceramic filter elements based on aluminum have recently been used.
umtitanat bekannt geworden, die geeignete Eigenschaften zur Anwendungumtitanat become known, the appropriate properties for use
bei hohen Temperaturen, wie z.B. Fahrzeug-Abgaskontrolle und Dieselab¬at high temperatures, e.g. Vehicle exhaust control and Dieselab¬
gas-Nachbehandlungssysteme wie DPFs, aufweisen. Aluminiumtitanat istGas aftertreatment systems such as DPFs have. Aluminum titanate is
die stöchiometrische Mischphase von Aluminiumoxid und Titandioxid. Esthe stoichiometric mixed phase of alumina and titania. It
zeichnet sich aus durch eine niedrige Wärmeleitfähigkeit, einen sehr nied¬is characterized by a low thermal conductivity, a very nied¬
rigen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten und eine damit verbundene sehrthermal expansion coefficients and a related very
hohe Temperaturwechselbeständigkeit.high thermal shock resistance.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
[0008] Aus DE 602 17 084 T2 ist eine Wabenstruktur mit einer Vielzahl von Wa¬From DE 602 17 084 T2 is a honeycomb structure having a plurality of Wa¬
bensegmenten bekannt, die zu einem Einheitskörper verbunden sind. Diebensegmenten known, which are connected to a unitary body. The
Hauptkomponente jedes der Wabensegmente umfasst zumindest eine ausMain component of each of the honeycomb segments comprises at least one of
Siliciumcarbid, Siliciumnitrid, Cordierit, Aluminiumoxid, MuIMt, Zirkoniumdi¬Silicon carbide, silicon nitride, cordierite, alumina, molybdenum, zirconium di¬
oxid, Zirkoniumphosphat, Aluminiumtitanat, Titandioxid und Kombinatio¬oxide, zirconium phosphate, aluminum titanate, titanium dioxide and Kombinatio¬
nen davon.of it.
[0009] Die DE 10 2006 040 739 A1 offenbart einen Filter zur Entfernung von Par¬DE 10 2006 040 739 A1 discloses a filter for removing Par¬
tikeln aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere von Rußpartikeln aus einem Ab- gasstrom einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, mit einem Filterkörper aus einem keramischen Filtersubstrat, wobei das Filtersubstrat mit einer porösen Schutzschicht aus einem Beschichtungsmaterial beschichtet ist. Das Beschichtungsmaterial ist ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Aluminiumoxide, Aluminiumhydroxid, Titandioxid, Siliziumdioxid, Zirkondioxid, Ceroxid, Aluminiumsilikate, Magnesium-Aluminiumsilikate, Cordierit, MuIIi- te, Siliciumcarbid, Aluminiumtitanat, Zeolithe, Quarz, Gläser, Mischungen und Mischoxide daraus. Schließlich offenbart die WO 2005/046840 einen keramischen Körper zur Verwendung als DPF mit einer Zusammensetzung, die umfasst: 8(AI2O3TiO2) + b(CaO AI2O3-2SiO2) + c(SrO AI2O3-2SiO2) + d(BaO AI2O3-2SiO2) + e(3AI2O3-2SiO2) + f(AI2O3) + g(SiO2) + In(Fe2O3TiO2) + i(MgO-2TiO2), worin a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, und i Gewichtsfraktionen jeder Komponente darstellen, so dass (a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i)=1 , und die folgenden Bedingungen erfüllt sind 0.5 < a < 0.95; 0 ≤ b ≤ 0,5; 0 < c < 0.5; 0 < d < 0.5; 0 < e < 0.5; 0 < f < 0.5; 0 < g < 0.1 ; 0 < h < 0.3; 0 ≤ i ≤ 0.3; b+d > 0,01. Es handelt sich hierbei um eine Mischung aus A- luminiumtitanat und einer Glasphase in einer Menge von > 5 Gew.-%, wobei es sich bei den Gläsern um solche aus Erdalkalien, Alkalien, Siliziumdioxid, Aluminiumdioxid, Alkali- und Erdalkaligläsern handelt. Des Weiteren enthält die Mischung eine Mineralphase, wie bspw. Barium-, Calcium- und Strontium-Feldspäte sowie optional Mullit. Nachteile der Barium-, CaI- cium- und Strontiumfeldspäte liegen in der hohen Sintertemperatur undparticles from a gas stream, in particular soot particles from a waste Gas stream of an internal combustion engine, with a filter body of a ceramic filter substrate, wherein the filter substrate is coated with a porous protective layer of a coating material. The coating material is selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum silicates, magnesium aluminum silicates, cordierite, molybdenum, silicon carbide, aluminum titanate, zeolites, quartz, glasses, mixtures and mixed oxides thereof. Finally, WO 2005/046840 discloses a ceramic body for use as DPF having a composition comprising: 8 (Al 2 O 3 TiO 2 ) + b (CaO Al 2 O 3 -2SiO 2 ) + c (SrO Al 2 O 3 -2SiO 2 ) + d (BaO Al 2 O 3 -2SiO 2 ) + e (3AI 2 O 3 -2SiO 2 ) + f (Al 2 O 3 ) + g (SiO 2 ) + In (Fe 2 O 3 TiO 2 ) + i (MgO-2TiO 2 ) wherein a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, and i represent weight fractions of each component such that (a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i) = 1, and the following conditions are satisfied 0.5 <a <0.95; 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.5; 0 <c <0.5; 0 <d <0.5; 0 <e <0.5; 0 <f <0.5; 0 <g <0.1; 0 <h <0.3; 0 ≤ i ≤ 0.3; b + d> 0.01. This is a mixture of aluminum titanate and a glass phase in an amount of> 5 wt .-%, wherein the glasses are those of alkaline earths, alkalis, silica, alumina, alkali and alkaline earth glasses. Furthermore, the mixture contains a mineral phase, such as barium, calcium and strontium feldspars and optionally mullite. Disadvantages of barium, calcium cium and strontium feldspars are in the high sintering temperature and
der schwierigen Verarbeitbarkeit. Calcium- und insbesondere Bariumver¬the difficult processability. Calcium and in particular Bariumver¬
bindungen sind sehr reizend, Strontiumverbindungen sind schwach radio¬bonds are very irritating, strontium compounds are weak radio¬
aktiv.active.
[0011] Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Filter zur Entfernung vonThe invention is based on the object, a filter for the removal of
Partikeln aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere ein Dieselpartikelfilter aufParticles from a gas stream, in particular a diesel particulate filter on
der Basis von Aluminiumtitanat bereit zu stellen, das bei höheren Tempe¬the base of aluminum titanate to provide that at higher Tempe¬
raturen einsetzbar ist, und bei dem eine bessere Beeinflussung der Mate¬can be used, and in which a better influence of Mate¬
rialeigenschaften möglich ist und die Gefügeeigenschaften gut einstellbarrialeigenschaften is possible and the structural properties well adjustable
sind. Weitere Aufgaben liegen in der Bereitstellung einer höheren mecha¬are. Further tasks are to provide a higher mecha¬
nischen Festigkeit und einer niedrigeren Wärmedehnung.niche strength and lower thermal expansion.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
[0012] Die vorliegende Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch Bereitstellen eines Fil¬The present invention solves this problem by providing a Fil¬
ters zur Entfernung von Partikeln aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere vonters for the removal of particles from a gas stream, in particular of
Partikeln aus einem Abgasstrom einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, wobeiParticles from an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine, wherein
der Filter aus Aluminiumtitanat besteht, dem ein Glaskeramikanteil zuge¬the filter consists of aluminum titanate to which a glass ceramic part is added
geben ist.give is.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
[0013] Die einzige Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Verbren¬The single FIGURE shows a schematic representation of a Verbren¬
nungskraftmaschine mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Filtereinrichtung. Ausführungsform(en) der Erfindungcombustion engine with a filter device according to the invention. Embodiment (s) of the invention
[0014] Die Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Filtereinrichtung. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 10 ist über ein Abgasrohr 12 verbunden, in dem die erfindungsgemäße Filtereinrichtung 14 angeordnet ist. Mit der Filtereinrichtung 14 werden Rußpartikel aus dem im Abgasrohr 12 strömenden Abgas herausgefiltert. Dies ist insbesondere bei Dieselkraftmaschinen erforderlich, um gesetzliche Bestimmungen einzuhalten. Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die erfindungsgemäße Filtereinrichtung nicht auf die Verwendung als DPF beschränkt ist, sondern ganz allgemein als Gasfilter, insbesondere für Heißgasanwendungen, bspw. in Industrieanlagen, eingesetzt werden kann.The figure shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine with a filter device according to the invention. The internal combustion engine 10 is connected via an exhaust pipe 12, in which the filter device 14 according to the invention is arranged. With the filter device 14 soot particles are filtered out of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust pipe 12. This is especially necessary for diesel engines to comply with legal requirements. It should be noted that the filter device according to the invention is not limited to use as a DPF, but quite generally as a gas filter, in particular for hot gas applications, for example. In industrial plants, can be used.
[0015] Die Filtereinrichtung 14 umfasst im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ein zylindrisches Gehäuse 16, in dem bspw. ein rotationssymmetrisches, insgesamt ebenfalls zylindrisches Filterelement 18 angeordnet ist. Andere Gehäuseformen sind ebenfalls möglich. Das Filterelement 18 besteht aus Aluminiumtitanat, dem eine Mineralphase zugesetzt ist, die aus Alkalifeld- späten und/oder Spinellen besteht.The filter device 14 includes in the illustrated embodiment, a cylindrical housing 16, in which, for example. A rotationally symmetrical, also a total cylindrical filter element 18 is arranged. Other housing types are also possible. The filter element 18 is made of aluminum titanate to which is added a mineral phase consisting of alkali feld late and / or spinels.
[0016] Bisher wurden bei Dieselpartikelfiltern auf Aluminiumtitanatbasis überwiegend Glasphasen als zusätzliche Phasen verwendet. Bei der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Glaskeramik handelt es sich nicht um Gläser im eigentlichen Sinne, sondern um kristalline Werkstoffe. Der Begriff Glaske- ramik kommt aus der Herstellungstechnologie, da die Mineralphase aus dem Glas auskristallisiert.So far, in the case of diesel particle filters based on aluminum titanate, predominantly glass phases have been used as additional phases. The glass ceramic used according to the invention is not glasses in the actual sense, but crystalline materials. The term glass ramik comes from the production technology, because the mineral phase crystallizes out of the glass.
[0017] Glaskeramik ist die Bezeichnung für polykristalline Festkörper, die durch Keramisierung, d.h., gesteuerte Entglasung von Gläsern hergestellt werden. Sie entstehen durch Wärmebehandlung eines geeigneten Glases, in welchem dadurch Kristalle erzeugt werden.Glass-ceramic is the term for polycrystalline solids produced by ceramization, i.e., controlled devitrification of glasses. They are formed by heat treatment of a suitable glass in which crystals are thereby produced.
[0018] In einer ersten Ausführungsform besteht das erfindungsgemäße Filterelement aus Aluminiumtitanat und einer Glaskeramik, wobei die Glaskeramik die Hauptphase darstellt. Der Gehalt an Glaskeramik liegt zwischen 0 und 95 Gew.-%, der Anteil von Aluminiumtitanat beträgt < 50 Gew.-% und kann dabei zwischen 0 und 50 Gew.-% liegen. Die Glaskeramik setzt sich bspw. aus verschiedenen Lithium-, und/oder Kali- und/oder Natriumalumi- nosilikaten zusammen (vgl. weiter unten).In a first embodiment, the filter element according to the invention consists of aluminum titanate and a glass ceramic, wherein the glass ceramic is the main phase. The content of glass ceramic is between 0 and 95 wt .-%, the proportion of aluminum titanate is <50 wt .-% and can be between 0 and 50 wt .-%. The glass ceramic is composed, for example, of various lithium, and / or potassium and / or sodium aluminosilicates (cf further below).
[0019] In einer zweiten Ausführungsform besteht das erfindungsgemäße Filterelement ebenfalls aus Aluminiumtitanat und einer Glaskeramik, wobei jedoch das Aluminiumtitanat die Hauptphase darstellt. Der Gehalt an Aluminiumtitanat liegt zwischen 0 und 95 Gew.-%, der Anteil an Glaskeramik beträgt < 50 Gew.-%. Auch in dieser Ausführungsform setzt sich die Glaskeramik bspw. aus verschiedenen Lithium-, und/oder Kali- und/oder Natri- umaluminosilikaten zusammen (vgl. weiter unten).In a second embodiment, the filter element according to the invention also consists of aluminum titanate and a glass ceramic, but the aluminum titanate is the main phase. The content of aluminum titanate is between 0 and 95 wt .-%, the proportion of glass ceramic is <50 wt .-%. In this embodiment too, the glass ceramic is composed, for example, of various lithium, and / or potassium and / or sodium aluminosilicates (cf, below).
[0020] Die Glaskeramik weist vorzugsweise folgende Zusammensetzung auf: Alkalien 0-20 Gew.-%; Erdalkalien 0-5 Gew.-%; Siθ2 30-50 Gew.-%; AI2O3 30-50 Gew.-%; TO2 0-20 Gew.-%; Andere 0-20 Gew.-%. Gerade darin liegt der Unterschied zu bisher gekannten Zusammensetzungen. Während ähnliche Zusammensetzungen verwendet werden, um Glasphasen zu erzielen, werden erfindungsgemäß aus der Glasphase gezielt Mineralphasen auskristallisiert. Im Gefüge liegen daher aus der Glasphase auskristallisierte Lithium-, Kali- oder Natriumaluminosilikate, aber keine bzw. so gut wie keine Glasphase vor.The glass-ceramic preferably has the following composition: alkalis 0-20% by weight; Alkaline earths 0-5% by weight; SiO 2 30-50% by weight; Al 2 O 3 30-50% by weight; TO2 0-20% by weight; Other 0-20% by weight. This is precisely the difference with previously known compositions. While similar compositions are used to achieve glass phases, according to the invention mineral phases are purposefully crystallized out of the glass phase. In the microstructure, lithium, potassium or sodium aluminosilicates crystallized from the glass phase are present, but none or virtually no glass phase.
[0021] In einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung liegt der Aluminiumtitanat- Anteil bei < 50 Gew.-%, zusätzlich liegen eine Phase der Glaskeramik (zwischen 30 und 90 %, abhängig von den anderen Phasen) und eine weitere Mineralphase anderer chemischer Zusammensetzungen, z.B. Al- kalifeldspäte oder Spinelle, im Gefüge vor.In a third embodiment of the invention, the proportion of aluminum titanate is <50% by weight, in addition there is one phase of the glass-ceramic (between 30 and 90%, depending on the other phases) and another mineral phase of other chemical compositions, e.g. Alkalifields or spinels, in the structure before.
[0022] Die erfindungsgemäße verwendeten Glaskeramiken weisen aufgrund ihrer andersartigen Eigenschaften (Struktur, Ausbildung, Material, Schmelzbereich) geeignete Werkstoffeigenschaften für Dieselpartikelfilter im Hinblick auf Wärmedehnungsverhalten, gute thermische Wechselbeständigkeit und Lebensdauer des Filters auf. Allgemein sind Glaskeramiken dafür bekannt, dass sie einen extrem kleinen (im Bereich von ~ 0 - 1 ,5 liegenden) Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten besitzen. Durch geeignete Maßnahmen lässt sich die Wärmedehnung eines solchen Gefüges gezielt einstellen. So kann bspw. durch Temperatursteuerung der Anteil der Glasphase und Mineralphase verändert werden. Dabei wird ein hoher Anteil, insbesondere > 20 %, bevorzugt > 40 %, an kristalliner Phase angestrebt, da dieser eine sehr niedrige Wärmeausdehnung besitzt.The glass ceramics used according to the invention have due to their different properties (structure, design, material, melting range) suitable material properties for diesel particulate filter in terms of thermal expansion behavior, good thermal cycling and filter life. Generally, glass-ceramics are known to have an extremely small (in the range of ~ 0-1.5) thermal expansion coefficient. By appropriate measures, the thermal expansion of such a structure can be adjusted specifically. Thus, for example, by temperature control, the proportion of glass phase and mineral phase can be changed. This is a high proportion, in particular> 20%, preferably> 40%, aimed at a crystalline phase, since this has a very low thermal expansion.
[0023] Dadurch, dass das Gefüge keine oder nur sehr geringe Anteile an Glasphase aufweist, verbessert sich das Wärmedehnungsverhalten deutlich. Im Unterschied zu bekannten Herstellungsverfahren wird in der vorliegenden Erfindung die Mineralphase aus dem Glas auskristallisiert und liegt nicht als Glasphase vor.The fact that the structure has no or only very small amounts of glass phase, the thermal expansion behavior improves significantly. In contrast to known production methods, the mineral phase is crystallized from the glass in the present invention and is not present as a glassy phase.
[0024] Aufgrund des geringen Aluminiumtitanat-Gehalts von < 50 Gew.-% in bestimmten Ausführungsformen liegt im Grunde kein Aluminimtitanat- Werkstoff, sondern ein Glaskeramik-Werkstoff vor. Deutlichste Unterscheidung ist dabei das Gefüge, welches sich wesentlich von den bisher bekannten und verwendeten Gefügen unterscheidet. Es handelt sich hierbei nämlich nicht um einen Aluminiumtitanat-Werkstoff mit Glasphasenanteil, sondern um einen Glaskeramik-Werkstoff, in dem sich ein bestimmter Anteil an Aluminiumtitanat-Kristallen befindet. Due to the low aluminum titanate content of <50 wt .-% in certain embodiments is basically no Aluminimtitanat- material, but a glass ceramic material before. The clearest distinction is the structure, which differs significantly from the previously known and used structures. This is not an aluminum titanate material with glass phase content, but a glass-ceramic material in which a certain proportion of aluminum titanate crystals is located.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Filtereinrichtung (14) zur Entfernung von Partikeln aus einem Gasstrom, insbesondere von Partikeln aus einem Abgasstrom einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, mit einem Filterelement (18), wobei das Filterelement aus Aluminiumti- tanat besteht, dem eine weitere Phase zugegeben ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die weitere Phase aus einer Glaskeramik besteht.1. Filter device (14) for removing particles from a gas stream, in particular of particles from an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine, with a filter element (18), wherein the filter element consists of Aluminiumti- tanat to which a further phase is added, characterized in that the further phase consists of a glass ceramic.
2. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil an Aluminiumtitanat < 50 Gew.-% beträgt.2. Filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of aluminum titanate is <50 wt .-%.
3. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glaskeramik in einer Menge von 0 bis 95 Gew.-% vorhanden ist.3. Filter device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the glass ceramic is present in an amount of 0 to 95 wt .-%.
4. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil an Aluminiumtitanat im Bereich von 0 bis 95 Gew.-% liegt.4. Filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of aluminum titanate is in the range of 0 to 95 wt .-%.
5. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glaskeramik in einer Menge von < 50 Gew.-% vorhanden ist.5. Filter device according to claim 4, characterized in that the glass ceramic is present in an amount of <50 wt .-%.
6. Filtereinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil an Aluminiumtitanat < 50 Gew.-% beträgt und dass zusätzlich eine weitere Mineralphase vorliegt.6. Filter device according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of aluminum titanate is <50 wt .-% and that in addition a further mineral phase is present.
7. Filtereinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glaskeramik die folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist: Alkalien 0-20 Gew.-%; Erdalkalien 0-5 Gew.-%; SiO2 30-50 Gew.-%; AI2O3 30-50 Gew.-%; TiO2 0-20 Gew.-%; Andere 0-20 Gew.-%. 7. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass ceramic has the following composition: alkalis 0-20 wt .-%; Alkaline earths 0-5% by weight; SiO 2 30-50% by weight; Al 2 O 3 30-50% by weight; TiO 2 0-20% by weight; Other 0-20% by weight.
8. Filtereinrichtung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glaskeramik hauptsächlich aus Lithium-, und/oder Kali-, und/oder Natriumaluminosilikaten besteht.8. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass ceramic mainly consists of lithium, and / or potash, and / or sodium aluminosilicates.
9. Dieselpartikelfilter, bestehend aus einem wabenförmigen Filterelement (18) mit wechselseitig verschlossenen Strömungskanälen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Filterelement aus Aluminiumtitanat besteht, dem eine Glaskeramikphase zugegeben.9. diesel particulate filter, consisting of a honeycomb-shaped filter element (18) with mutually closed flow channels, characterized in that the filter element consists of aluminum titanate, which added a glass ceramic phase.
10. Dieselpartikelfilter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glaskeramikphase eine Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8 aufweist. 10. Diesel particulate filter according to claim 9, characterized in that the glass-ceramic phase has a composition according to one of claims 7 or 8.
EP09753915A 2008-05-29 2009-05-28 Filter device for removing particles from flowing gas Withdrawn EP2291340A1 (en)

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DE202008007223U DE202008007223U1 (en) 2008-05-29 2008-05-29 Filter device for removing particles from a gas stream
DE202008007224U DE202008007224U1 (en) 2008-05-29 2008-05-29 Filter device for removing particles from a gas stream
PCT/EP2009/056493 WO2009144260A1 (en) 2008-05-29 2009-05-28 Filter device for removing particles from flowing gas

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