Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
  • F04B15/06—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure
  • F04B15/08—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts for liquids near their boiling point, e.g. under subnormal pressure the liquids having low boiling points
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B23/00—Pumping installations or systems
  • F04B23/02—Pumping installations or systems having reservoirs
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
  • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
  • F04B2205/01—Pressure before the pump inlet

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device and a method for pumping a cryogenic fluid.
• the invention relates more particularly to a device for pumping a cryogenic fluid, comprising a storage tank for a cryogenic fluid containing cryogenic liquid, a cryogenic pump having a loss (NPSH) of input charge, a line of suction connecting the reservoir to the pump, the pumping device comprising a system for controlling the pressure in the reservoir to selectively maintain the pressure in the reservoir at least equal to the saturation pressure of the stored cryogenic fluid increased by the loss (NPSH) input load of the cryogenic pump and possibly also increased the value of the pressure drops due to the piping of the suction line connecting the tank to the pump.
• NPSH loss loss
• the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of pumping low-density cryogenic fluids comprising gases such as hydrogen or helium, as well as their isotopes.
• a liquid hydrogen pump (LH2) at 700 bar has a pressure drop "NPSH" of about 250 mbar, which corresponds to a liquid hydrogen height of 35 m. It is impossible to operate the pump with a source tank installed on the pump at a height of 35m (even if it was industrially possible, the pressure losses in lines would compensate for the installation in charge of the tank). A solution is therefore to "cool" the liquid and suck this liquid under cooling. Subcooling is the process of increasing the pressure of a saturated fluid, or of reducing its temperature, at constant pressure, without waiting for the establishment of a new liquid-vapor equilibrium.
• Hydrogen under pressure is however less dense than hydrogen at atmospheric pressure.
• the density of saturated hydrogen at 1 bar absolute is 70 g / l while it is 56g / l at 7 bar absolute. Since liquid hydrogen pumps are volumetric systems, it is therefore interesting to suck up the densest possible hydrogen, thus saturated at the lowest possible pressure (the coldest), in order to optimize the quantities pumped.
• the invention described below makes it possible in particular to use a plant for pumping liquid hydrogen continuously from a source of hydrogen in liquid-gas equilibrium at a low pressure (between 1 and 12 bar) and optimize the operation of such an installation by allowing continuous operation of the pump while maximizing the density of the pumped hydrogen, thus maximizing the pumped flow rate.
• the tank is pressurized via a thermosyphon (atmospheric pressure warmer), or directly by high pressure hydrogen in bottles at room temperature.
• thermosyphon atmospheric pressure warmer
• high pressure hydrogen in bottles at room temperature.
• the device according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the pressure control system comprises at least one of: pipe connecting a high pressure outlet of the pump to the reservoir for selectively injecting pumped cold fluid into the reservoir, a pipe connecting a source of high pressure gas to the reservoir via a gas cooling member, for selectively injecting cooled gas into the reservoir .
• the pressure control system comprises a pipe connecting a high pressure outlet of the pump to the reservoir to reinject pumped fluid into the reservoir during the operation of the pump, and a pipe connecting a source of high pressure gas to the tank via a cooling member, for injecting cooled gas into the tank, especially when the pump is inactive,
• the pipe connecting a high-pressure outlet of the pump to the tank comprises an expander for reinjecting cold gas into the tank
• the cooling element situated in the pipe connecting the source of high-pressure gas to the tank comprises a heat exchanger able to selectively heat-exchange the gas coming from the source of high-pressure gas with the cryogenic fluid pumped from the tank;
• the heat exchanger comprises a cold accumulator for maintaining cooling power by thermal inertia between two uses of the pump, the source of high pressure gas is connected to a high pressure outlet of the pump via at least one among: a valve, an expansion valve, a heater, to allow the selective filling of said source with fluid from the reservoir,
• the device comprises a gas evacuation line generated by the operation of the pump, said gas evacuation line connecting a gas outlet of the pump to the tank or to a separate degassing storage,
• the cold accumulator comprises at least one of: an aluminum mass, a brine, copper or lead-based alloy mass, -
• the heat exchanger accumulator of the heat exchanger has a mass heat capacity (density * Heat capacity at constant pressure) of between 1400 and 4000 kJ.m-3.K-1 and a thermal conductivity of between 30 and 400 W / mK, -
• the pressure control system comprises a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor of the cryogenic fluid in the tank and / or in the suction line, connected to a calculation and control logic for providing the signals measured to control the injection of fluid into the reservoir from the pump (3) (via line 9) and / or from the source (16) of high pressure gas (via line 10, 9),
• the device comprises a gas supply line having an end connectable to a user and an end connected to a high pressure outlet of the pump via at least one heater and a pressure regulator,
• the pressure control system comprises at least one calculation and control block capable of calculating, from the temperature measured by said temperature sensor, a minimum value of the pressure measured by said pressure sensor equaling the saturation pressure; of the liquid said temperature increased by the loss (NPSH) of the inlet charge of the pump and any pressure losses in the piping in the suction line, - the reservoir is filled with cryogenic fluid saturated with its vapor, the fluid cryogenic is preferably a low density fluid such as hydrogen or helium,
• the invention also relates to a method of pumping a cryogenic fluid from a cryogenic fluid reservoir comprising cryogenic liquid, the fluid being pumped via a suction line comprising a cryogenic pump having an inlet pressure drop, the method comprising a step of controlling the pressure in the reservoir to selectively maintain the pressure in the reservoir and / or in the suction line at least equal to the saturation pressure of the cryogenic fluid increased by the inlet pressure drop of the cryogenic pump and possibly also increased the value of the pressure drops due to the piping of the suction line connecting the tank to the pump.
• the method is characterized in that the step of controlling the pressure in the tank comprises introducing said cold gas into the tank at a temperature below room temperature outside the tank and preferably between between 40 0 K and 100 0 K and at a pressure between 1 and 12 bar.
• the step of controlling the pressure in the tank comprises introducing said cold gas into the tank at a temperature below room temperature outside the tank and preferably between between 40 0 K and 100 0 K and at a pressure between 1 and 12 bar.
• the cold gas introduced into the tank for controlling the pressure in the tank is supplied by at least one of: a pipe connecting a high pressure outlet of the pump to the tank, a pipe connecting a source of high pressure gas to the tank via a gas cooling member,
• the introduction of cold gas into the tank is selectively provided by a pipe connecting a high pressure outlet of the pump to the tank when the pump is in operation and a pipe connecting a source of high pressure gas to the tank via a cooling member gas when the pump is stopped,
• the cold gas supplied by the pipe connecting a high-pressure outlet of the pump to the tank is obtained by expansion of the fluid coming from the high-pressure outlet of the pump, and in that the cooling member of the gas coming from the source of High pressure gas uses frigories of the fluid pumped from the tank.
• the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the above or below features.
• FIG. 1 represents a schematic view illustrating the structure and operation of a device for pumping a cryogenic fluid according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic view illustrating the structure and operation of a device for pumping a cryogenic fluid according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• the device comprises a reservoir
• cryogenic fluid isolated under vacuum
• a liquid-gas mixture for example at the temperature and a pressure of between 1 and 12 bar abs.
• the temperature and the pressure in the tank 1 are measured by sensors
• the lower part of the tank 1 is connected to the suction inlet of a cryogenic pump 3 by a suction line 2 vacuum insulated and comprising one or more isolation valves.
• the pump 3 comprises a gas evacuation line 4 (produced for example by heating / friction) towards the upper part of the tank 1 and provided with valves.
• the pump is connected to a high pressure discharge line 5 generally incorporating a discharge valve (high pressure outlet of the pumped fluid).
• the high-pressure discharge line 5 is connected to a cold hydrogen feed line 6 of a preferably high-inertia exchanger 10.
• the fluid passes through a cold high-pressure line 11 and then through a high-pressure atmospheric heater (or equivalent) 12 to a gas supply line 111 having an end connectable to a user U (tank or bottle for example) via a pressure regulator 13.
• the thermally isolated high-pressure discharge line 5 is also connected to the upper part of the tank 1 via a pipe 9 for pressurizing the tank 1 by cooled hydrogen coming from the pump 3.
• the pipe 9 for pressurizing the tank 1 comprises a pressure reducer 99 and / or a control valve.
• the upper end of the tank 1 is connected to a valve 20 for depressurizing the tank (towards the outside), for example via the pressurization pipe 9.
• the pressurization pipe 9 is also connected to a source 16 of pressurized gas such as bottles 16 at ambient temperature via a line 29 passing through the exchanger 10 with high inertia (with heat exchange) and comprising a control valve 15 ( regulator for example).
• a source 16 of pressurized gas such as bottles 16 at ambient temperature via a line 29 passing through the exchanger 10 with high inertia (with heat exchange) and comprising a control valve 15 ( regulator for example).
• the gas supply line 111 is also connected to the source 6 of high-pressure gas via a pressure reducer 14.
• a block 18 for controlling the pressure of the tank 1 receives the pressure information from the pressure sensor 100 and controls a selector 17 which selectively actuates the pressure reducer / control valve 99 of the pressurization pipe 9 and the valve 15. control of the line 29 connected to the source 16 of gas under pressure.
• a calculation block 19 determines the saturation pressure in the tank 1 as a function of the temperature detected by the valve 101 and controls the control block 19 according to the result.
• the hydrogen at the pressure, and the temperature of the tank 1 is supplied by the tank 1 to the pump 3 via the isolated line 2 under vacuum.
• the hydrogen is pumped by the pump 3 and is discharged at high pressure (between 200 and 850 bar for example) by the discharge line 5 to the exchanger 10 and the line 11 high cold pressure.
• Heater 12 increases the temperature of hydrogen to room temperature.
• the expander 14 ensures that the reservoirs 16 are at a maximum pressure.
• the upstream pressure regulator 13 controls the pressure in the pump.
• the system carries out a control of the pressure of the tank 1.
• the set pressure of the tank 1 is calculated by the calculation block 19 so that the pressure in the tank is equal to the saturation pressure of the hydrogen at the raised temperature (101) plus the loss
• NPSH pressure drop
• the device according to the invention has the possibility of using, during the operation of the pump 3, hydrogen coming directly from the cold high pressure outlet 5 of the pump 3 (for example hydrogen at approximately 70 ° K. for 450 bar pressure).
• This hydrogen supplied by the pump 3 can be expanded via the valve 99 of the pressurization pipe 9 and reinjected into the tank 1 in the form of gas and / or cold liquid.
• the device according to the invention furthermore has the possibility of using, before starting the pump 3, high-pressure bottles 16 at ambient temperature to inject cold hydrogen (by passing through the exchanger / accumulator 10) in the tank 1 in order to cool the hydrogen by pressurizing the tank 1.
• the cold accumulator (in the exchanger 10) is for example previously cold set during the operation preceding the pump 3.
• the cold accumulator can be insulated with polyurethane foam or equivalent.
• the tank 1 can be depressurized by means of the depressurization valve 20 of the tank 1, in order to cool the hydrogen remaining in the tank 1.
• the hydrogen used for the pressurization of the tank 1 is thus pre-cooled.
• the thermal stratification of the gas in the tank is then lower, its rise in pressure is slower, which increases the pumping time available before reaching the maximum operating pressure of the tank 1.
• the heat exchanger 10 to high inertia and preferably isolated from the outside makes it possible to have a source of cold which makes it possible to pressurize the tank 1 with cold hydrogen even when the pump 3 is not in use (from bottles 16 or equivalent).
• Thermal inertia of the exchanger 10 and its isolation mode is determined so that its temperature preferably remains constant (+/- 10 0 C) between two phases of operation of the pump 3.
• the device described allows a greater accuracy and speed of control of the pressure of the tank 1 than in the prior art, especially with respect to a thermosiphon system.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a variant which differs from the embodiment of Figure 1 only with respect to the line 4 of gas evacuation.
• the other elements are designated by the same references and are not described a second time.
• the line 4 for evacuating or returning hydrogen is returned to a so-called degassing capacity 21.
• the return line 4 communicates with a degassing tank 21 whose level is controlled by valves 23, 24 after having been heated by an atmospheric heater 22. This configuration makes it possible to prevent the hot hydrogen from returning to the atmosphere. the cryogenic tank 1 and warms all the liquid hydrogen contained therein.
• the invention thus makes it possible to obtain an under cooling of the cryogenic fluid and an aspiration of the fluid thus sub-cooled.
• the compensation of the inlet pressure drop is thus achieved, avoiding any cavitation phenomenon in the pump 3 while the fluid is maintained at a pressure sufficiently low to maximize the density of the fluid and therefore the quantity pumped.
• control of the pressurization of the tank 1 according to the invention does not affect or little the level of liquid in the tank and thus pumping time available before reaching the maximum operating pressure of the tank 1.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 2008
  • 2008-05-16 FR FR0853168A patent/FR2931213A1/fr active Pending
• 2009
  • 2009-05-07 CN CN2009801174794A patent/CN102027236B/zh active Active
  • 2009-05-07 US US12/993,009 patent/US9546645B2/en active Active
  • 2009-05-07 WO PCT/FR2009/050844 patent/WO2009150337A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2009-05-07 JP JP2011508977A patent/JP5313338B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-05-07 EP EP09761888A patent/EP2288811B1/de active Active
  • 2009-05-07 AT AT09761888T patent/ATE545784T1/de active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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