EP2288664A1 - Surface-promoted cure of one-part radically curable compositions - Google Patents
Surface-promoted cure of one-part radically curable compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2288664A1 EP2288664A1 EP09749933A EP09749933A EP2288664A1 EP 2288664 A1 EP2288664 A1 EP 2288664A1 EP 09749933 A EP09749933 A EP 09749933A EP 09749933 A EP09749933 A EP 09749933A EP 2288664 A1 EP2288664 A1 EP 2288664A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal salt
- composition according
- metal
- component
- combinations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0091—Complexes with metal-heteroatom-bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to stable one-part radically curable compositions for curing on a surface, and uses there for.
- RedOx polymerizations involve oxidation and reduction processes [Holtzclaw, H. F.; Robinson, W.R.; Odom, J. D.; General Chemistry 1991 , 9 th Ed., Heath (Pub.), p. 44].
- an atom either free or in a molecule or ion, loses an electron or electrons, it is oxidised and its oxidation number increases.
- an atom either free or in a molecule or ion, gains an electron or electrons, it is reduced and its oxidation number decreases. Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously, as if one atom gains electrons then another atom must provide the electrons and be oxidised.
- RedOx couple one species acts as a reducing agent, the other as an oxidizing agent.
- the reducing agent gives up or donates electrons to another reactant, which it causes to be reduced. Therefore the reducing agent is itself oxidised because it has lost electrons.
- the oxidising agent accepts or gains electrons and causes the reducing agent to be oxidised while it is itself reduced.
- a comparison of the relative oxidising or reducing strengths of strength of the two reagents in a redox couple permits determination of which one is the reducing agent and which one is the oxidising agent.
- the strength of reducing or oxidising agents can be determined from their standard reduction (E re ⁇ °) or oxidation (E 0x 0 ) potentials.
- Redox radical polymerisation for example in the field of anaerobic acrylate adhesive formulations is an established adhesives technology (U.S. Patent Nos. 2,628,178; 2,895,950; 3,218,305; and 3,435,012).
- Anaerobic adhesive formulations are used in a wide range of industrial applications including thread-locking, flange sealing, structural bonding, and engine block sealing amongst others (Haviland, G. S.; Machinery Adhesives for Locking Retaining & Sealing, Marcel Dekker (Pubs.), New York 1986).
- Anaerobic adhesive systems are typically composed of a radically susceptible monomer, an oxidising agent and a reducing agent (Rich, R.; Handbook of Adhesive Technology ed. Pizzi, A. & Mittal, K.L., Marcel Dekker (Pubs.) 1994, Chap. 29, 467-479).
- Typical oxidising agents are hydroperoxides of which cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) is most commonly employed although others including f-butyl hydroperoxide (BHP) are also used.
- CHP cumene hydroperoxide
- BHP f-butyl hydroperoxide
- the reducing agents consist of a mixture of an amine such as dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) and saccharin (Moane, S. et a/.; Int. J.
- Hydroperoxides can function as oxidants, reductants or even both (Kharash, M.S. et a/.; J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 207-220).
- Several mechanisms for the oxidising action of a hydroperoxide include abstraction of a single electron, abstraction of a pair of electrons from an electron donor or through the donation of an oxygen atom to an acceptor
- Hydroperoxides are known to be unstable in the presence of metallic salts in both their lower and higher oxidation states. It is this instability that is understood to contribute to their reactivity when used as the initiating component in anaerobic acrylate adhesives.
- Scheme 1 shows oxidative and reductive hydroperoxide decomposition by transition metal species in their higher and lower oxidation states.
- E-Coating is a method of painting which uses electrical current to deposit the paint.
- the process works on the principal of "Opposites Attract”. This process is also known as electrodeposition.
- the fundamental physical principle of electrocoat is that materials with opposite electrical charges attract each other.
- An electrocoat system applies a DC charge to a metal part immersed in a bath of oppositely charged paint particles.
- the paint particles are drawn to the metal part and paint is deposited on the part, forming an even, continuous film over every surface, in every crevice and corner, until the electrocoat reaches the desired thickness. At that thickness, the film insulates the part, so attraction stops and the electrocoat process is complete.
- electrocoat is classified as either anodic or cathodic.
- a major disadvantage of this technology is that it suffers from the Faraday Cage effect and so cannot coat inside metallic tubes, etc. It is necessary to bake the material in order to cross-link and cure the paint film. [0009]
- the present inventors aim to utilise Redox chemistry as an alternative coating technology.
- the present invention provides for a stable one-part radically curable composition for curing on a surface comprising: i) a radically curable component; ii) a free radical generating component; and iii) at least one metal salt;
- the standard reduction potential of the at least one metal salt is greater than the standard reduction potential of the surface, and wherein when the composition is placed in contact with the surface, the metal salt is reduced at the surface, and interacts with the free radical generating component, thereby initiating cure of the radically curable component of the composition.
- References to standard reduction potentials in this specification indicate the tendency of a species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced. Standard reduction potentials are measured under standard conditions: 25 0 C, 1 M concentration, a pressure of 1 atm and elements in their pure state.
- the metal salt of the composition comprises a transition metal cation. Suitable metals include copper, iron, zinc and combinations thereof. The metal salt may be substituted with a ligand.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, CIO 4 " , BF 4 " , PF 6 “ , SbF 6 “ , AsF 6 “ , (C 6 Fs) 4 B, (C 6 Fs) 4 Ga, Carborane, triflimide, bis-triflimide, anions based thereon and combinations thereof.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, CIO 4 " , BF 4 " , PF 6 " , SbF 6 " and combinations thereof.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of CIO 4 " , BF 4 " and combinations thereof.
- the solubility of the metal salt may be modified by changing the counterion, the addition and/or substitution of ligands to the metal of the metal salt and combinations thereof. This will allow for efficient electron transfer between the surface and the metal salt to be observed as appropriate solubility is achieved.
- the radical generating component may be selected from the group consisting of peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydroperoxide precursors, persulfates and combinations thereof.
- Suitable materials comprise Cumene Hydroperoxide, tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, Hydrogen peroxide, 2-Butanone peroxide, Di-terf-Butyl peroxide, Dicumyl peroxide, Lauroyl peroxide, 2,4-Pentanedione peroxide, pentamethyl-trioxepane [such as that sold under the band name Trigonox® 311], Benzoyl Peroxide and combinations thereof.
- the radically curable component desirably has at least one functional group selected from the group of consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, thiolenes, siloxanes, vinyls with combinations thereof also being embraced by the present invention.
- the radically curable component has at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, thiolenes and combinations thereof.
- the surfaces to which the compositions of the present invention are applied may comprise a metal, metal oxide or metal alloy. Further desirably, the surface may comprise a metal or metal oxide. Preferably, the surface may comprise a metal. Suitable surfaces can be selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, mild steel, gritblasted mild steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, copper, zinc, zinc oxide, zinc bichromate, and stainless steel. References to aluminium and aluminium oxide include alclad aluminium (low copper content), and oxide removed alclad aluminium (low copper content) respectively. Desirably, the surface can be selected from the group consisting of steel and aluminium.
- Metal salts suitable for use in compositions for curing on steel or aluminium surfaces may be chosen from the group consisting of iron salts, copper salts, zinc salts and combinations thereof, and wherein the counterions of the iron, copper and zinc salts may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, Cl ⁇ 4 ⁇ , BF 4 " and combinations thereof.
- the inventive compositions disclosed herein can cure on oxidised metal surfaces without the need for additional etchant or oxide remover.
- the compositions of the invention may optionally include an oxide remover.
- an etchant or oxide remover such as those comprising chloride ions and/or a zinc (II) salt
- formulations of the invention may allow etching of any oxide layer. This will in turn expose the (zero-oxidation state) metal below, which is then sufficiently active to allow reduction of the (transition) metal salt of the radically curable composition of the present invention.
- the RedOx radically curable coating compositions discussed herein do not require any additional reducing agent. They are stable until contacted with a metallic substrate which is capable of participating in a RedOx reaction (or other surface capable of participating in a RedOx reaction), thus fulfilling the role of a conventional reducing agent component.
- the radically curable compositions of the invention are storage stable as a one-part composition when stored in air permeable containers. The stability of large volumes of the radically curable coating compositions of the present invention can be improved by continuous agitation and/or bubbling air through the composition.
- the compositions of the present invention do not require an additional catalyst for efficient curing.
- compositions according to the invention may optionally comprise a catalyst to effect electron transfer between the surface and the metal salt of the composition. This may be useful where even greater cure speeds are required. Suitable catalysts include transition metal salts.
- inventive compositions described herein will generally be useful as adhesives, sealants or coatings, and can be used in a wide range of industrial applications including metal bonding, thread-locking, flange sealing, and structural bonding amongst others.
- inventive compositions may be encapsulated, if it is desirable to do so. Suitable encapsulation techniques comprise, but are not limited to, coacervation, softgel and co-extrusion.
- the inventive compositions may be used in a pre-applied format.
- pre-applied is to be construed as taking the material in an encapsulated form (typically but not necessarily micro-encapsulated) and dispersing said capsules in a liquid binder system that can be dried (e.g. thermal removal of water or an organic solvent, or by photo-curing the binder) on the desired substrate.
- a film of material remains which contains the curable composition (for example adhesive liquid for example in the form of filled capsules).
- the curable composition can be released for cure by physically rupturing the material (for example capsules) when the user wishes to activate the composition, e.g. in pre-applied threadlocking adhesives the coated screw threaded part is activated by screwing together with its reciprocally threaded part for example a threaded receiver or nut.
- the invention extends to an initiator package for initiating cure of a radically curable component comprising: i) a free radical generating component; and ii) at least one metal salt;
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, Cl ⁇ 4 ⁇ , BF 4 " , PF 6 “ , SbF 6 “ , AsF 6 “ , (C 6 F 5 ) 4 B, (C 6 Fs) 4 Ga, Carborane, triflimide, bis-triflimide, anions based thereon and combinations thereof.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, CIO 4 " , BF 4 " , PF 6 " , SbF 6 " and combinations thereof.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of CIO 4 " , BF 4 " and combinations thereof.
- the invention further extends to a process for bonding two substrates together comprising the steps of:
- both substrates comprise a metal.
- the composition of the invention may comprise more than one type of metal salt.
- the invention also provides for curable compositions wherein the inclusion of more than one type of metal salt in the composition allows the composition to bond different metal substrates together.
- the metal of the metal salt of the inventive compositions of the present invention is lower in the reactivity series than the metal surface on which it is to be cured.
- Metallic substrates can also be bonded to non-metallic substrates. For instance mild steel may be bonded to e-coated steel (e-coat is an organic paint which is electrodeposited, with an electrical current, to a metallic surface, such as steel).
- e-coat is an organic paint which is electrodeposited, with an electrical current, to a metallic surface, such as steel.
- the inventive compositions of the present invention can be utilised to form (polymer) coatings on parts such as metallic parts.
- the invention further relates to a pack comprising: a) a container; and b) a radically curable composition according to the present invention, wherein the container is air permeable.
- the present invention provides for a composition for and a method of coating surfaces. It is envisaged that cross-linking and cure can be achieved directly on the surface, thus eliminating the necessity for an additional baking step. Moreover, it is envisaged that the coating method will allow coating of inside of surfaces, for example surfaces that can exhibit a Faraday Cage effect preventing coating inside tubes, etc.
- the present invention provides for a stable one-part radically curable coating composition for coating a surface comprising: i) a radically curable component; ii) a free radical generating component; and iii) at least one metal salt; wherein the standard reduction potential of the at least one metal salt is greater than the standard reduction potential of the surface, and wherein when the composition is placed in contact with the surface, the metal salt is reduced at the surface, and interacts with the free radical generating component, thereby initiating cure of the radically curable component of the composition.
- the metal salt of the radically curable coating composition comprises a transition metal cation. Suitable metals include copper, iron, zinc and combinations thereof.
- the metal salt may be substituted with a ligand.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, CIO 4 " , BF 4 " , PF 6 “ , SbF 6 “ , AsF 6 “ , (C 6 F 5 ) 4 B, (C 6 F 5 ) 4 Ga, Carborane, triflimide, bis-triflimide, anions based thereon and combinations thereof.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, CIO 4 " , BF 4 " , PF 6 " , SbF 6 " and combinations thereof.
- the metal salt counterion may be chosen from the group consisting Of CIO 4 " , BF 4 " and combinations thereof.
- the radical generating component of the coating composition may be selected from the group consisting of peroxides, hydroperoxides, hydroperoxide precursors, persulfates and combinations thereof.
- Suitable materials comprise Cumene Hydroperoxide, terf-Butyl hydroperoxide, Hydrogen peroxide, 2-Butanone peroxide, Di- terf-Butyl peroxide, Dicumyl peroxide, Lauroyl peroxide, 2,4-Pentanedione peroxide, Trigonox ® 311 (3,3,5,7,7-Pentamethyl -1 ,2,4-trioxepane), Benzoyl Peroxide and combinations thereof.
- the radically curable component desirably has at least one functional group selected from the group of consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, thiolenes, siloxanes, vinyls with combinations thereof also being embraced by the present invention.
- the radically curable component has at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, thiolenes and combinations thereof.
- the radically curable coating compositions of the present invention may optionally contain fillers, dyes, pigments, and lubricating elements.
- the radically curable monomer may be adapted to be provide curable hydrophobic monomers, bifunctional monomers and secondarily curable components, including vulcanising agents, curatives, etc.
- Modification of the curable monomer can be utilised to modulate the properties of the deposited film, facilitating the control of: surface tension and polarity, lubriciousness, tacticity, colour hardness, scratch resistance, surface reactivity to subsequent coatings and or adhesives, and reactivity towards light, heat, moisture to promote further reaction within the surface deposited film itself or between the surface deposited film and a material in contact with same.
- the solubility of the metal salt in the radically curable coating compositions may be modified by changing the counterion, the addition and/or substitution of ligands to the metal of the metal salt and combinations thereof. This will allow for efficient electron transfer between the surface and the metal salt to be observed as appropriate solubility is achieved.
- the surfaces to which the coating compositions of the present invention are applied may comprise a metal, metal oxide or metal alloy. Further desirably, the surface may comprise a metal or metal oxide. Preferably, the surface may comprise a metal. Suitable surfaces can be selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, mild steel, gritblasted mild steel, aluminium, aluminium oxide, copper, zinc, zinc oxide, zinc bichromate, and stainless steel. References to aluminium and aluminium oxide include alclad aluminium (low copper content), and oxide removed alclad aluminium (low copper content) respectively. Desirably, the surface can be selected from the group consisting of steel and aluminium.
- Metal salts suitable for use in radical coating compositions for steel or aluminium surfaces may be chosen from the group consisting of iron salts, copper salts, zinc salts and combinations thereof, and wherein the counterions of the iron, copper and zinc salts may be chosen from the group consisting of naphthenate, ethylhexanoate, benzoate, nitrate, chloride, acetylacetonate, CIO 4 " , BF 4 " and combinations thereof.
- the metal of the metal salt of the inventive coating compositions of the present invention is lower in the reactivity series than the metal surface on which it is to be cured.
- the inventive compositions of the present invention allow for coating on a number of different metal surfaces.
- the radically curable component can be functionalized to confer desirable properties on the polymerised film.
- the monomer can be modified to control the following characteristics of the coatings; surface tension and polarity, lubriciousness, tacticity, colour hardness, scratch resistance, and reactivity to subsequent coatings and/or adhesives.
- the functionalized coating could be subjected to stimuli such as light, heat, moisture, etc. to encourage further reaction within the surface deposited coating itself or between the surface deposited coating and a material in contact with same.
- a radically curable monomer functionalized with a cationically curable monomer to create a dual curable system a radically curable monomer functionalized with secondary curable components, including vulcanising agents, curatives, etc., a coating functionalized for control of surface tension and polarity, lubriciousness, tacticity, colour hardness, scratch resistance, reactivity to subsequent coatings and/or adhesives, reactivity towards light, heat, moisture, etc. to promote further reaction within the surface deposited film itself or between the surface deposited film and a material in contact with same.
- the RedOx radically curable coating compositions discussed herein do not require any additional reducing agent. They are stable until contacted with a metallic substrate which is capable of participating in a RedOx reaction (or other surface capable of participating in a RedOx reaction), thus fulfilling the role of a conventional reducing agent component.
- the radically curable compositions of the invention are storage stable as a one-part composition when stored in air permeable containers. The stability of large volumes of the radically curable coating compositions of the present invention can be improved by continuous agitation and/or bubbling air through the composition.
- the radical coating compositions of the present invention do not require an additional catalyst for efficient curing.
- coating compositions according to the invention may optionally comprise a catalyst to effect electron transfer between the surface and the metal salt of the composition. This may be useful where even greater cure speeds are required. Suitable catalysts include transition metal salts.
- the kinetics of polymerisation/film formation is proportional to the difference in standard reduction potential between the surface and the metal salt in the composition. Cross-linking is achieved directly on the surface. However, it will be appreciated that a post polymerisation baking step can be applied.
- the invention further provides for a method of coating a substrate comprising applying a coating composition comprising: i) a radically curable component; ii) a free radical generating component; and iii) at least one metal salt; to the substrate, wherein the standard reduction potential of the at least one metal salt is greater than the standard reduction potential of the surface.
- the method of coating a substrate, utilising radical compositions of the present invention may further comprise the steps of: i) cleaning the substrate prior to application of the coating composition; ii) dipping the substrate into said coating composition of the present invention or an emulsion of said coating composition; and iii) rinsing the coated substrate when polymerisation is complete.
- the step of cleaning the substrate may comprise washing with acid, base, detergent, aqueous solutions, water, deionised water, organic solvents and combinations thereof.
- the emulsion of the coating composition of the present invention, referred to in step (ii) may comprise an aqueous or an organic emulsion.
- the step of rinsing the coated substrate may comprise rinsing with water and/or rinsing with a rinsing solution beneficial to the properties of the coating/film.
- the invention relates to a pack comprising: a) a container; and b) a radically curable coating composition according to the present invention. wherein the container is air permeable.
- the invention further extends to a coating applied to a substrate utilising the methods discussed above.
- the substrate may be metallic.
- the invention extends to a coated article comprising a coating applied to a substrate utilising the methods discussed above.
- the substrate may be metallic.
- the invention further provides for a coated article comprising a coating applied to a substrate comprising a metallic component.
- the coated article may have a curable composition applied thereto.
- the coated article may have a second substrate adhered thereto.
- the metal salt in the compositions of the present invention will be chosen such that the anion of the metal salt will not result in quenching of the polymerization/cure process.
- Figure 1 illustrates a FTIR-ATR spectra of surface promoted triethylene glycol dimethylacrylate polymerisation on grit blasted mild steel at 25 ° C.
- the electrochemical series is a measure of the oxidising and reducing power of a substance based on its standard potential.
- the standard potential of a substance is measure relative to the hydrogen electrode.
- a metal with a negative standard (reduction) potential has a thermodynamic tendency to reduce hydrogen ions in solution, whereas the ions of a metal with a positive standard potential have a tendency to be reduced by hydrogen gas.
- the reactivity series shown in Scheme 2 (above), is an extension of the electrochemical series. Ordinarily, only a metal or element positioned higher in the reactivity series can reduce another metal or element that is lower down in the reactivity series, e.g. Iron can reduce Tin but not Potassium.
- Tension testing machine equipped with a suitable load cell.
- Lap-shear specimens as specified in the quality specification, product or test program.
- Specimen surface was prepared where necessary, e.g. mild steel lap-shears are grit blasted with silicon carbide.
- Test specimens were cleaned by wiping with acetone or isopropanol before assembly.
- Bond area on each lap-shear was 322.6 mm 2 or 0.5 in 2 . This is marked before applying the adhesive sample.
- a second lap-shear was placed onto the adhesive and the assembly was clamped on each side of the bond area.
- test specimen was placed in the grips of the testing machine so that the outer 25.4 mm (1 in.) of each end were grasped by the jaws.
- the long axis of the test specimen coincided with the direction of applied tensile force through the centre line of the grip assembly.
- the assembly was tested at a crosshead speed of 2.0 mm/min or 0.05 in./min, unless otherwise specified.
- Identification of the adhesive including name or number, and lot number.
- test specimens used including substrate and dimensions.
- Surface preparation used to prepare the test specimens.
- Test Conditions Standard Temperature and Pressure, i.e. Room temperature.
- Trigonox® 311 ⁇ (0.14 g, 0.82 mmol) were dissolved in Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (10 g).
- Typical Radical Formulation a. Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (91 %) b. Benzoyl Peroxide (30% Water basis) (3%) c. Copper Tetrafluoroborate Hydrate (3%) d. Zinc Tetrafluoroborate Hydrate (3%)
- coating formulation is only representative a formulation given for the purpose of example.
- the coating formulation can be modified in terms of monomer, metal salt, concentration, etc. suitable to the end use of the coating formulation.
- Metal substrates (10 x 2.5 cm) were cleaned by wiping with acetone and dipped into the formulations.
- the metal substrates were submerged in the baths containing the formulations.
- the duration of immersion was proportional to the difference in standard potential between the surface and the metal salt in the composition, and the thickness of the desired coating - if required to be less than the self-limiting thickness.
- coating/polymerisation was complete, residual monomer was removed by washing.
- the films formed were analysed by FTIR-ATR.
- a coating on a grit blasted mild steel substrate with a radically curable monomer is shown in Figure 1.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US5555108P | 2008-05-23 | 2008-05-23 | |
US5553408P | 2008-05-23 | 2008-05-23 | |
PCT/EP2009/056256 WO2009141443A1 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-05-22 | Surface-promoted cure of one-part radically curable compositions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2288664A1 true EP2288664A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
Family
ID=40872266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP09749933A Withdrawn EP2288664A1 (en) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-05-22 | Surface-promoted cure of one-part radically curable compositions |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2288664A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2011521064A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20110020859A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102083917A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009141443A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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EP3172244B1 (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2020-05-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Free-radical polymerization methods and articles thereby |
WO2023101220A1 (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-08 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Curable composition, protective film, optical element, and liquid crystal display device |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS57180618A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-06 | Goou Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Photocurable resin composition |
US5369139A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1994-11-29 | Cook Composites And Polymers Company | Radiation and peroxide curable emulsified coatings |
ES2076922T1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-11-16 | Sartomer Co Inc | HARDENABLE AND HARDENED WATER BASED COMPOSITIONS AND A PROCEDURE FOR ADHERING A COATING OR ADHESIVE TO A SUBSTRATE. |
US20060167127A1 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2006-07-27 | Nguyen Phu Q | Radiation-curable coating composition |
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2009
- 2009-05-22 EP EP09749933A patent/EP2288664A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-05-22 CN CN200980126015XA patent/CN102083917A/en active Pending
- 2009-05-22 JP JP2011510000A patent/JP2011521064A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-05-22 KR KR1020107028841A patent/KR20110020859A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-05-22 WO PCT/EP2009/056256 patent/WO2009141443A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2009141443A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
CN102083917A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
KR20110020859A (en) | 2011-03-03 |
JP2011521064A (en) | 2011-07-21 |
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