EP2283900B1 - Emergency oxygen supply device - Google Patents

Emergency oxygen supply device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2283900B1
EP2283900B1 EP10007307.1A EP10007307A EP2283900B1 EP 2283900 B1 EP2283900 B1 EP 2283900B1 EP 10007307 A EP10007307 A EP 10007307A EP 2283900 B1 EP2283900 B1 EP 2283900B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
oxygen
shut
valves
supply device
pressure
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EP10007307.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2283900A1 (en
Inventor
Rüdiger Conrad
Heiko Marz
Kristina Kurz
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BE Aerospace Systems GmbH
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BE Aerospace Systems GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/14—Respiratory apparatus for high-altitude aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Sauerstoffnotmentssvoroplasty for an aircraft with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • oxygen emergency supply devices are available in airplanes.
  • the emergency oxygen supply devices are located in the so-called personal service units, which are arranged on the cabin ceiling above the passenger seats.
  • oxygen emergency devices have an oxygen source which is conductively connected to one or more oxygen masks.
  • WO 2008/010015 A1 It is known to use as oxygen sources chemical oxygen generators or oxygen pressure accumulator. Chemical oxygen generators have the disadvantage that the release of oxygen from the chemical bond and concomitantly the oxygen flow to the oxygen masks and the supply pressure to the oxygen masks follow a fixed predetermined profile. Thus, it is not possible with these systems to control the oxygen supply as a function of the cabin pressure or the altitude.
  • the oxygen supply can be suitably controlled by means of a pressure regulator upstream of the oxygen masks become.
  • the pressure control devices used may have mechanically and / or pneumatically operated pressure regulator whose dimensions and weight are disadvantageously relatively large. This disadvantage has electrically operated regulator units, as for example in a WO 2008/010015 A1
  • the dependency on an electrical energy supply proves to be problematic in itself, since a failure of the power supply can lead to the oxygen emergency supply device is not operational at all.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a lightweight and compact oxygen emergency supply device for an aircraft, which ensures sufficient emergency oxygen supply in an emergency situation.
  • the emergency oxygen supply device for an aircraft can be arranged, for example, in a personal service unit. It has an oxygen pressure accumulator and at least one line-connected oxygen mask. According to the invention at least two mutually parallel electrically operated and controllable shut-off valves are arranged in the line from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the at least one oxygen mask. From At least one shut-off valve has an NO function and at least one shut-off valve has an NC function at these shut-off valves.
  • a line branching is provided in the line from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the oxygen mask, at which the line is divided into at least two parallel line strands.
  • a shut-off valve is arranged, of which at least one has a NO or "normal open” function, d. h., Is open when the voltage is not applied, while in the remaining strands of wire at least one shut-off valve is arranged, which has a NC or "normal closed” function, ie are closed when voltage is not applied.
  • a shut-off valve with NO function and / or more than one shut-off valve with NC function can also be provided.
  • the shut-off valves form part of a control device with which the oxygen supply from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the oxygen mask or to the oxygen masks can be controlled by a timed opening and closing of the shut-off valves. Due to the comparatively small size and the low weight of the shut-off valves compared to mechanically or pneumatically operated pressure regulators otherwise used as control devices, the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention has a comparatively compact design with low weight.
  • shut-off valve Since in the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention in at least one shut-off valve has a NO function in one of the parallel line strands, even after a failure of the power supply of Sauerstoffnotmentssvoriques at least a basic oxygen supply of the user or the oxygen masks ensured since after operating an opening mechanism of the oxygen pressure accumulator by means of a the oxygen mask connected traction device even with a broken power oxygen from the then opened oxygen pressure accumulator can flow over the open at not applied voltage shut-off valve to the or the oxygen masks.
  • This shut-off valve is preferably designed so that in case of failure of the power supply of the oxygen emergency device each oxygen user oxygen mask with a flow rate of about 2.5 l / min. is made available.
  • shut-off valves with an NO function in a plurality of parallel line strands, the number of these shut-off valves usually being dependent on the number of persons to be supplied by the oxygen emergency supply with oxygen.
  • an electronic control device is expediently provided, with which the individual shut-off valves can be controlled.
  • the control device is advantageously designed such that the shut-off valves are controlled by it in pulse width modulation.
  • the duty cycle is mainly dependent on the pressure prevailing in the cabin or the altitude, the temperature of the oxygen and the outlet pressure of the oxygen pressure accumulator or a pressure regulator of the oxygen pressure accumulator.
  • the cabin pressure is expediently determined continuously.
  • a cabin pressure sensor can advantageously be provided, which is signal-connected to the control device.
  • the shut-off valves can be actuated in the required manner on the basis of the pressure values provided by the cabin pressure sensor, which are typically in relation to the respective altitude.
  • an oxygen pressure sensor connected to the control device in the line connecting the oxygen pressure accumulator with the oxygen masks or the oxygen masks on the input side of the shut-off valves.
  • a signal connected to the control temperature sensor may be arranged to also incorporate the temperature of the oxygen in determining the most expedient opening intervals of the shut-off valves.
  • the oxygen emergency supply device has a very high control accuracy, which makes it possible, compared to hitherto known Sauerstoffnotmentssvorraumen to save oxygen, which in turn makes the use of comparatively smaller oxygen pressure storage possible and thus reduces the size and weight of the emergency oxygen supply device over previously known devices of this type.
  • the signal-connected sensors with the control device are preferably arranged on a control panel of the control device.
  • a support member is provided on the next to the control device and the cabin pressure sensor, the oxygen pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and preferably also the shut-off valves are arranged.
  • the use of the control panel makes it possible to pre-assemble the essential electronic and pneumatic components of the emergency oxygen supply device outside the aircraft and then into the personal service unit, in which case only the oxygen-conducting compounds from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the shut-off valves and from the shut-off valves to the or the oxygen masks must be made and the control device must be connected to an aircraft-side power supply network.
  • a compensation chamber is preferably formed on the output side of the shut-off valves.
  • This compensation chamber may be formed, for example, by a cross-sectional widening of the oxygen line in the area from the shut-off valves to the oxygen mask (s).
  • an oxygen buffer formed on the oxygen mask or the oxygen line in the region from the shut-off valves to the oxygen mask (s) itself can also form the compensation chamber.
  • the invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the drawing shows a greatly simplified schematic diagram of an emergency oxygen supply device according to the invention.
  • the illustrated oxygen emergency supply device is arranged in a personal service unit in a container 2. It has an oxygen pressure accumulator 4 in the form of an oxygen cylinder 4. At the oxygen cylinder 4, a pressure reducer 6 is provided in a conventional manner, with which the pressure prevailing in the oxygen cylinder 4 oxygen pressure is lowered to a medium pressure. The medium pressure is between the Tank pressure and the demand pressure to the connected to the oxygen cylinder 4 oxygen masks 10th
  • An oxygen line 8 which is connected on the output side of the pressure reducer 6, connects the oxygen cylinder 4 oxygen-conducting with the oxygen masks 10, wherein in the line connection from the oxygen cylinder 4 to the oxygen masks 10, a volume control device 12 is arranged, with the amount of oxygen or flow finally on the amount required on the oxygen masks 10 can be adjusted.
  • the oxygen masks 10 are arranged in a conventional manner so that they fall out of the container 2 at a pressure drop in the cabin. If the users of the oxygen masks 10 draw them closer to themselves, an opening mechanism is activated on the oxygen cylinder 4 by pulling means 14, so-called lanyards 14, attached to the oxygen masks 10, so that oxygen can flow out of the oxygen cylinder 4 to the oxygen masks 10.
  • the oxygen line 8 is divided into three parallel strands, which are then brought together again to form a line, wherein in each of the strands an electrically controllable shut-off valve is arranged.
  • a solenoid valve 16 is arranged with an NO function in one of the strands of wire and in the two remaining strands of wire in each case a solenoid valve 18 with an NC function. It is to be understood that only two such parallel strands or more than three parallel strands of power can be provided, for. B. depending on the required flow or volume flow.
  • the control of the solenoid valves 16 and 18 by means of an electronic control device 20.
  • the solenoid valves 18 via Signal lines 22 and 24 and the solenoid valve 16 signal-connected via a signal line 26 to the controller 20.
  • the controller 20 controls the solenoid valves 16 and 18 based on the cabin pressure, the oxygen pressure downstream of the pressure reducer 6, and the temperature of the oxygen.
  • a cabin pressure sensor 28 is provided which is signal-connected via a signal line 30 to the control device 20.
  • the oxygen pressure is determined by means of an oxygen pressure sensor 32 disposed in the oxygen line 8 upstream of the solenoid valves 16 and 18, which is signal-connected to the control device 20 via a signal line 34.
  • a temperature sensor 36 which communicates with the control device 20 via a signal line 38, is likewise provided in the oxygen line 8 on the inflow side of the solenoid valves 16 and 18.
  • the cabin pressure sensor 28, the oxygen pressure sensor 32, the temperature sensor 36, and the solenoid valves 16 and 18 are disposed on a control panel 40 together with the controller 20. This also applies to an optical operating status display 42, to which the control device 20 is connected via a signal line 44. With the help of the operating state display 42, it can be recognized whether the oxygen emergency supply device is in a proper state or is not ready for operation.
  • the controller 20 causes the solenoid valve 16 to remain constantly open, that is, not energized.
  • one of the two solenoid valves 18 or both solenoid valves 18 are applied at intervals with voltage, so that they lead in addition to the constant flow of oxygen through the open solenoid valve 16 cyclically oxygen to the oxygen masks 10.
  • Oxygen masks 46 formed on the oxygen masks 10 cause the users of the oxygen masks 10 to have a substantially continuous flow of oxygen.
  • the solenoid valves 18 are no longer subjected to voltage so that they remain closed and the oxygen supply of the oxygen masks 10 takes place only via the open solenoid valve 16. With further decreasing altitude and the solenoid valve 16 is closed by intermittent voltage application until it is from a second limit altitude of z. B. about 10,000 ft and below, where the cabin pressure is so high that a use of the oxygen masks 10 is no longer required, is kept continuously closed by continuous application of voltage.
  • the magnetic valve 16 which opens per se when the voltage is not present, ensures at least a basic supply of oxygen to the users of the oxygen masks 10.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung für ein Flugzeug mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.The invention relates to a Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung for an aircraft with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Um Passagiere und Servicepersonal bei plötzlichem Druckabfall in der Kabine mit Sauerstoff versorgen zu können, stehen in Flugzeugen Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtungen zur Verfügung. Bei einer dezentralen Sauerstoffnotversorgung befinden sich die Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtungen in den so genannten Personal-Service-Units, die an der Kabinendecke über den Passagiersitzen angeordnet sind.In order to provide passengers and service personnel with sudden pressure drop in the cabin with oxygen, oxygen emergency supply devices are available in airplanes. In the case of a decentralized emergency oxygen supply, the emergency oxygen supply devices are located in the so-called personal service units, which are arranged on the cabin ceiling above the passenger seats.

Diese Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtungen weisen eine Sauerstoffquelle auf, die mit einer oder mehreren Sauerstoffmasken leitungsverbunden ist. Beispielsweise aus WO 2008/010015 A1 ist es bekannt, als Sauerstoffquellen chemische Sauerstoffgeneratoren oder Sauerstoffdruckspeicher zu verwenden. Chemische Sauerstoffgeneratoren haben den Nachteil, dass das Freisetzen des Sauerstoffs aus der chemischen Bindung und damit einhergehend der Sauerstoffstrom zu den Sauerstoffmasken sowie der Versorgungsdruck an den Sauerstoffmasken einem fest vorgegebenem Profil folgen. So ist es bei diesen Systemen nicht möglich, die Sauerstoffzufuhr in Abhängigkeit von dem Kabinendruck bzw. der Flughöhe zu steuern.These oxygen emergency devices have an oxygen source which is conductively connected to one or more oxygen masks. For example WO 2008/010015 A1 It is known to use as oxygen sources chemical oxygen generators or oxygen pressure accumulator. Chemical oxygen generators have the disadvantage that the release of oxygen from the chemical bond and concomitantly the oxygen flow to the oxygen masks and the supply pressure to the oxygen masks follow a fixed predetermined profile. Thus, it is not possible with these systems to control the oxygen supply as a function of the cabin pressure or the altitude.

Bei Verwendung von gasförmig in Druckgasbehältern gespeichertem Sauerstoff kann die Sauerstoffzufuhr in geeigneter Weise mittels einer den Sauerstoffmasken vorgeschalteten Druckregeleinrichtung gesteuert werden. Die verwendeten Druckregeleinrichtungen können mechanisch und/oder pneumatisch betätigte Druckregler aufweisen, deren Abmessungen und Gewicht aber nachteiligerweise verhältnismäßig groß sind. Diesen Nachteil weisen elektrisch betriebene Reglereinheiten, wie sie zum Beispiel in einem aus WO 2008/010015 A1 bekannten A-temgaszuführkreis vorgesehen ist, nicht auf, allerdings erweist sich bei diesen Reglereinheiten die Abhängigkeit von einer elektrischen Energieversorgung an sich als problematisch, da ein Ausfall der Stromversorgung dazu führen kann, dass die Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung gar nicht einsatzfähig ist.When oxygen stored in compressed gas containers is used in gaseous form, the oxygen supply can be suitably controlled by means of a pressure regulator upstream of the oxygen masks become. The pressure control devices used may have mechanically and / or pneumatically operated pressure regulator whose dimensions and weight are disadvantageously relatively large. This disadvantage has electrically operated regulator units, as for example in a WO 2008/010015 A1 However, in these regulator units, the dependency on an electrical energy supply proves to be problematic in itself, since a failure of the power supply can lead to the oxygen emergency supply device is not operational at all.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine leichte und kompakte Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung für ein Flugzeug zu schaffen, die in einer Notsituation eine ausreichende Sauerstoffnotversorgung gewährleistet.Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide a lightweight and compact oxygen emergency supply device for an aircraft, which ensures sufficient emergency oxygen supply in an emergency situation.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung mit den in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen dieser Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung. Hierbei können gemäß der Erfindung in den Unteransprüchen und der Beschreibung angegebene Merkmale jeweils für sich aber auch in Kombination die erfindungsgemäße Lösung gemäß Anspruch 1 weiter ausgestalten.This object is achieved by a Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of this oxygen emergency supply device will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings. In this case, according to the invention in the subclaims and the description given characteristics in each case in itself but also in combination, the inventive solution according to claim 1 further develop.

Die erfindungsgemäße Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung für ein Flugzeug kann z.B. in einer Personal-Service-Unit angeordnet sein. Sie weist einen Sauerstoffdruckspeicher und mindestens eine damit leitungsverbundene Sauerstoffmaske auf. Gemäß der Erfindung sind in der Leitung von dem Sauerstoffdruckspeicher zu der zumindest einen Sauerstoffmaske mindestens zwei parallel zueinander angeordnete elektrisch betätig- und ansteuerbare Absperrventile angeordnet. Von diesen Absperrventilen weist zumindest ein Absperrventil eine NO-Funktion und zumindest ein Absperrventil eine NC-Funktion auf.The emergency oxygen supply device according to the invention for an aircraft can be arranged, for example, in a personal service unit. It has an oxygen pressure accumulator and at least one line-connected oxygen mask. According to the invention at least two mutually parallel electrically operated and controllable shut-off valves are arranged in the line from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the at least one oxygen mask. From At least one shut-off valve has an NO function and at least one shut-off valve has an NC function at these shut-off valves.

So ist bei der erfindungsgemäßen Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung in der Leitung von dem Sauerstoffdruckspeicher zu der Sauerstoffmaske eine Leitungsverzweigung vorgesehen, an der sich die Leitung in mindestens zwei zueinander parallele Leitungsstränge aufteilt. In jedem dieser Leitungsstränge ist jeweils ein Absperrventil angeordnet, von denen zumindest eines eine NO- bzw. "normal open"-Funktion aufweist, d. h., bei nicht anliegender Spannung geöffnet ist, während in den übrigen Leitungssträngen zumindest ein Absperrventil angeordnet ist, welches eine NC- bzw. "normal closed"-Funktion aufweist, also bei nicht anliegender Spannung geschlossen sind. Bei einer größeren Anzahl von parallelen Leistungssträngen kann auch mehr als ein Absperrventil mit NO-Funktion und/oder mehr als ein Absperrventil mit NC-Funktion vorgesehen sein.Thus, in the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention, a line branching is provided in the line from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the oxygen mask, at which the line is divided into at least two parallel line strands. In each of these strands of wire in each case a shut-off valve is arranged, of which at least one has a NO or "normal open" function, d. h., Is open when the voltage is not applied, while in the remaining strands of wire at least one shut-off valve is arranged, which has a NC or "normal closed" function, ie are closed when voltage is not applied. With a larger number of parallel power strands, more than one shut-off valve with NO function and / or more than one shut-off valve with NC function can also be provided.

Die Absperrventile bilden Teil einer Regeleinrichtung, mit der die Sauerstoffzufuhr von dem Sauerstoffdruckspeicher zu der Sauerstoffmaske bzw. zu den Sauerstoffmasken durch ein getaktetes Öffnen und Schließen der Absperrventile steuerbar ist. Aufgrund der vergleichsweise geringen Größe und des geringen Gewichts der Absperrventile gegenüber ansonsten als Regeleinrichtungen verwendeten mechanisch oder pneumatisch betätigten Druckreglern, weist die erfindungsgemäße Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung eine vergleichsweise kompakte Bauform bei geringem Gewicht auf.The shut-off valves form part of a control device with which the oxygen supply from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the oxygen mask or to the oxygen masks can be controlled by a timed opening and closing of the shut-off valves. Due to the comparatively small size and the low weight of the shut-off valves compared to mechanically or pneumatically operated pressure regulators otherwise used as control devices, the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention has a comparatively compact design with low weight.

Da bei der erfindungsgemäßen Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung in einem der parallelen Leitungsstränge zumindest ein Absperrventil eine NO-Funktion aufweist, ist auch bei einem Ausfall der Stromversorgung der Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung zumindest eine Sauerstoffgrundversorgung des bzw. der Benutzer der Sauerstoffmasken sichergestellt, da nach Betätigen eines Öffnungsmechanismus des Sauerstoffdruckspeichers mittels einer mit der Sauerstoffmaske verbundenen Zugmittels auch bei einer unterbrochenen Stromversorgung Sauerstoff von dem dann geöffneten Sauerstoffdruckspeicher über das bei nicht anliegender Spannung offen gestellte Absperrventil zu der bzw. den Sauerstoffmasken strömen kann. Dieses Absperrventil ist bevorzugt so ausgelegt, dass bei einem Ausfall der Stromversorgung der Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung jedem Benutzer einer Sauerstoffmaske Sauerstoff mit einem Volumenstrom von etwa 2,5 l/min. zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Typischerweise ist es gegebenenfalls auch möglich mehrere Absperrventile mit einer NO-Funktion in mehreren parallelen Leitungssträngen vorzusehen, wobei die Anzahl dieser Absperrventile in der Regel von der Anzahl der von der Sauerstoffnotversorgung mit Sauerstoff zu versorgenden Personen abhängen wird.Since in the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention in at least one shut-off valve has a NO function in one of the parallel line strands, even after a failure of the power supply of Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung at least a basic oxygen supply of the user or the oxygen masks ensured since after operating an opening mechanism of the oxygen pressure accumulator by means of a the oxygen mask connected traction device even with a broken power oxygen from the then opened oxygen pressure accumulator can flow over the open at not applied voltage shut-off valve to the or the oxygen masks. This shut-off valve is preferably designed so that in case of failure of the power supply of the oxygen emergency device each oxygen user oxygen mask with a flow rate of about 2.5 l / min. is made available. Typically, it may also be possible to provide a plurality of shut-off valves with an NO function in a plurality of parallel line strands, the number of these shut-off valves usually being dependent on the number of persons to be supplied by the oxygen emergency supply with oxygen.

Um die Benutzer der erfindungsgemäßen Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung in genau mit der jeweiligen Flughöhe abgestimmter Weise mit Sauerstoff zu versorgen, ist zweckmäßigerweise eine elektronische Steuereinrichtung vorgesehen, mit der die einzelnen Absperrventile ansteuerbar sind. Die Steuereinrichtung ist vorteilhaft derart ausgebildet, dass die Absperrventile von ihr pulsweitenmoduliert angesteuert werden. Hierbei ist der Tastgrad hauptsächlich von dem in der Kabine herrschenden Druck bzw. der Flughöhe, der Temperatur des Sauerstoffs und dem Ausgangsdruck des Sauerstoffdruckspeichers oder eines Druckreglers des Sauerstoffdruckspeichers abhängig.In order to provide the users of the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention in exactly matched with the respective flight altitude manner with oxygen, an electronic control device is expediently provided, with which the individual shut-off valves can be controlled. The control device is advantageously designed such that the shut-off valves are controlled by it in pulse width modulation. Here, the duty cycle is mainly dependent on the pressure prevailing in the cabin or the altitude, the temperature of the oxygen and the outlet pressure of the oxygen pressure accumulator or a pressure regulator of the oxygen pressure accumulator.

Während des Einsatzes der Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung wird zweckmäßigerweise kontinuierlich der Kabinendruck ermittelt. Hierzu kann vorteilhaft ein Kabinendrucksensor vorgesehen sein, der mit der Steuereinrichtung signalverbunden ist. Mittels der Steuereinrichtung können die Absperrventile auf Grundlage der von dem Kabinendrucksensor zur Verfügung gestellten Druckwerte, die typischerweise in Relation zu der jeweiligen Flughöhe stehen, in der geforderten Weise angesteuert werden.During use of the emergency oxygen supply device, the cabin pressure is expediently determined continuously. For this purpose, a cabin pressure sensor can advantageously be provided, which is signal-connected to the control device. By means of the control device, the shut-off valves can be actuated in the required manner on the basis of the pressure values provided by the cabin pressure sensor, which are typically in relation to the respective altitude.

Um auch den Ausgangsdruck des Sauerstoffdruckspeichers bzw. des Druckreglers bei der Ansteuerung der Absperrventile berücksichtigen zu können, ist bevorzugt in der den Sauerstoffdruckspeicher mit der bzw. den Sauerstoffmasken verbindenden Leitung eingangsseitig der Absperrventile ein mit der Steuereinrichtung signalverbundener Sauerstoffdrucksensor angeordnet.In order to be able to take into account the output pressure of the oxygen pressure accumulator or of the pressure regulator when controlling the shut-off valves, it is preferred to arrange an oxygen pressure sensor connected to the control device in the line connecting the oxygen pressure accumulator with the oxygen masks or the oxygen masks on the input side of the shut-off valves.

Weiter vorteilhaft kann in der den Sauerstoffdruckspeicher mit der bzw. den Sauerstoffmasken verbindenden Leitung eingangsseitig der Absperrventile ein mit der Steuereinrichtung signalverbundener Temperatursensor angeordnet sein, um auch die Temperatur des Sauerstoffs bei der Ermittlung der zweckmäßigsten Öffnungsintervalle der Absperrventile einfließen zu lassen.Further advantageously, in the oxygen pressure accumulator with the or the oxygen masks connecting line on the input side of the shut-off valves a signal connected to the control temperature sensor may be arranged to also incorporate the temperature of the oxygen in determining the most expedient opening intervals of the shut-off valves.

Indem zur Regelung der Sauerstoffzufuhr zu der Sauerstoffmaske bzw. zu den Sauerstoffmasken neben dem Kabinendruck vorteilhafterweise auch die Temperatur des Sauerstoffs und der ausgangsseitig des Sauerstoffdruckspeichers herrschende Sauerstoffdruck herangezogen werden, weist die erfindungsgemäße Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung eine sehr hohe Regelgenauigkeit auf, die es ermöglicht, im Vergleich zu bislang bekannten Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtungen Sauerstoff einzusparen, was wiederum den Einsatz vergleichsweise kleinerer Sauerstoffdruckspeicher möglich macht und somit auch die Größe und das Gewicht der Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung gegenüber bislang bekannten Vorrichtungen dieser Art verringert.By advantageously also the temperature of the oxygen and the oxygen pressure prevailing on the output side of the oxygen pressure accumulator being used to regulate the oxygen supply to the oxygen mask or to the oxygen masks in addition to the cabin pressure, the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention has a very high control accuracy, which makes it possible, compared to hitherto known Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtungen to save oxygen, which in turn makes the use of comparatively smaller oxygen pressure storage possible and thus reduces the size and weight of the emergency oxygen supply device over previously known devices of this type.

Die mit der Steuereinrichtung signalverbundenen Sensoren sind vorzugsweise auf einer Steuertafel der Steuerungseinrichtung angeordnet. Dementsprechend ist bei dieser Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung ein Trägerelement vorgesehen, auf dem neben der Steuereinrichtung auch der Kabinendrucksensor, der Sauerstoffdrucksensor und der Temperatursensor sowie vorzugsweise auch die Absperrventile angeordnet sind. Die Verwendung der Steuertafel erlaubt es, die wesentlichen elektronischen und pneumatischen Bauteile der Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung außerhalb des Flugzeugs vorzumontieren und anschließend in die Personal-Service-Unit einzubauen, wobei dann lediglich die sauerstoffleitenden Verbindungen von dem Sauerstoffdruckspeicher zu den Absperrventilen und von den Absperrventilen zu der bzw. den Sauerstoffmasken hergestellt werden müssen und die Steuereinrichtung an ein flugzeugseitiges Stromversorgungsnetz angeschlossen werden muss.The signal-connected sensors with the control device are preferably arranged on a control panel of the control device. Accordingly, in this development, the oxygen emergency supply device according to the invention, a support member is provided on the next to the control device and the cabin pressure sensor, the oxygen pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and preferably also the shut-off valves are arranged. The use of the control panel makes it possible to pre-assemble the essential electronic and pneumatic components of the emergency oxygen supply device outside the aircraft and then into the personal service unit, in which case only the oxygen-conducting compounds from the oxygen pressure accumulator to the shut-off valves and from the shut-off valves to the or the oxygen masks must be made and the control device must be connected to an aircraft-side power supply network.

Um den von den Absperrventilen zur Verfügung gestellten pulsweitenmodulierten Sauerstoffstrom zu einem quasi kontinuierlichen Sauerstoffstrom zu glätten, ist bevorzugt ausgangsseitig der Absperrventile eine Ausgleichskammer ausgebildet. Diese Ausgleichskammer kann beispielsweise von einer Querschnittserweiterung der Sauerstoffleitung in dem Bereich von den Absperrventilen zu der bzw. den Sauerstoffmasken gebildet werden. Daneben kann auch ein an der Sauerstoffmaske ausgebildeter Sauerstoffzwischenspeicher oder die Sauerstoffleitung in dem Bereich von den Absperrventilen zu der bzw. den Sauerstoffmasken selbst die Ausgleichskammer bilden.In order to smooth the pulse-width-modulated oxygen flow provided by the shut-off valves to a quasi-continuous oxygen flow, a compensation chamber is preferably formed on the output side of the shut-off valves. This compensation chamber may be formed, for example, by a cross-sectional widening of the oxygen line in the area from the shut-off valves to the oxygen mask (s). In addition, an oxygen buffer formed on the oxygen mask or the oxygen line in the region from the shut-off valves to the oxygen mask (s) itself can also form the compensation chamber.

Nachfolgend ist die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die Zeichnung zeigt eine stark vereinfachte Prinzipskizze einer Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows a greatly simplified schematic diagram of an emergency oxygen supply device according to the invention.

Die dargestellte Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung ist in einer Personal-Service-Unit in einem Behältnis 2 angeordnet. Sie weist einen Sauerstoffdruckspeicher 4 in Form einer Sauerstoffflasche 4 auf. An der Sauerstoffflasche 4 ist in üblicher Weise ein Druckminderer 6 vorgesehen, mit dem der in der Sauerstoffflasche 4 herrschende Sauerstoffdruck auf einen Mitteldruck abgesenkt wird. Der Mitteldruck liegt zwischen dem Flaschendruck und dem Bedarfsdruck an den an der Sauerstoffflasche 4 angeschlossenen Sauerstoffmasken 10.The illustrated oxygen emergency supply device is arranged in a personal service unit in a container 2. It has an oxygen pressure accumulator 4 in the form of an oxygen cylinder 4. At the oxygen cylinder 4, a pressure reducer 6 is provided in a conventional manner, with which the pressure prevailing in the oxygen cylinder 4 oxygen pressure is lowered to a medium pressure. The medium pressure is between the Tank pressure and the demand pressure to the connected to the oxygen cylinder 4 oxygen masks 10th

Eine Sauerstoffleitung 8, die ausgangsseitig des Druckminderers 6 angeschlossen ist, verbindet die Sauerstoffflasche 4 sauerstoffleitend mit den Sauerstoffmasken 10, wobei in der Leitungsverbindung von der Sauerstoffflasche 4 zu den Sauerstoffmasken 10 eine Volumenregeleinrichtung 12 angeordnet ist, mit der die Sauerstoffmenge bzw. -flow schließlich auf die an den Sauerstoffmasken 10 geforderte Menge angepasst werden kann.An oxygen line 8, which is connected on the output side of the pressure reducer 6, connects the oxygen cylinder 4 oxygen-conducting with the oxygen masks 10, wherein in the line connection from the oxygen cylinder 4 to the oxygen masks 10, a volume control device 12 is arranged, with the amount of oxygen or flow finally on the amount required on the oxygen masks 10 can be adjusted.

In dem Behältnis 2 sind die Sauerstoffmasken 10 in üblicher Weise so angeordnet, dass sie bei einem Druckabfall in der Kabine aus dem Behältnis 2 herausfallen. Ziehen die Benutzer der Sauerstoffmasken 10 diese näher an sich heran, wird durch an den Sauerstoffmasken 10 angebrachte Zugmittel 14, so genannten Lanyards 14, an der Sauerstoffflasche 4 ein Öffnungsmechanismus aktiviert, sodass Sauerstoff aus der Sauerstoffflasche 4 zu den Sauerstoffmasken 10 ausströmen kann.In the container 2, the oxygen masks 10 are arranged in a conventional manner so that they fall out of the container 2 at a pressure drop in the cabin. If the users of the oxygen masks 10 draw them closer to themselves, an opening mechanism is activated on the oxygen cylinder 4 by pulling means 14, so-called lanyards 14, attached to the oxygen masks 10, so that oxygen can flow out of the oxygen cylinder 4 to the oxygen masks 10.

In der Volumenregeleinrichtung 12 teilt sich die Sauerstoffleitung 8 in drei parallele Leitungsstränge, die anschließend wieder zu einer Leitung zusammengeführt werden, wobei in jedem der Leitungsstränge ein elektrisch ansteuerbares Absperrventil angeordnet ist. In diesem Zusammenhang ist in einem der Leitungsstränge ein Magnetventil 16 mit einer NO-Funktion und in den beiden übrigen Leitungssträngen jeweils ein Magnetventil 18 mit einer NC-Funktion angeordnet. Es ist zu verstehen, dass auch lediglich zwei solcher parallelen Leitungsstränge oder mehr als drei parallele Leistungsstränge vorgesehen werden können, z. B. abhängig von dem erforderlichen Flow bzw. Volumenstrom.In the volume control device 12, the oxygen line 8 is divided into three parallel strands, which are then brought together again to form a line, wherein in each of the strands an electrically controllable shut-off valve is arranged. In this context, a solenoid valve 16 is arranged with an NO function in one of the strands of wire and in the two remaining strands of wire in each case a solenoid valve 18 with an NC function. It is to be understood that only two such parallel strands or more than three parallel strands of power can be provided, for. B. depending on the required flow or volume flow.

Die Ansteuerung der Magnetventile 16 und 18 erfolgt mittels einer elektronischen Steuereinrichtung 20. Hierzu sind die Magnetventile 18 über Signalleitungen 22 bzw. 24 und das Magnetventil 16 über eine Signalleitung 26 mit der Steuereinrichtung 20 signalverbunden. Die Steuereinrichtung 20 steuert die Magnetventile 16 und 18 auf der Grundlage des Kabinendrucks, des Sauerstoffdrucks abströmseitig des Druckminderers 6 sowie der Temperatur des Sauerstoffs an.The control of the solenoid valves 16 and 18 by means of an electronic control device 20. For this purpose, the solenoid valves 18 via Signal lines 22 and 24 and the solenoid valve 16 signal-connected via a signal line 26 to the controller 20. The controller 20 controls the solenoid valves 16 and 18 based on the cabin pressure, the oxygen pressure downstream of the pressure reducer 6, and the temperature of the oxygen.

Zur Ermittlung des Kabinendrucks ist ein Kabinendrucksensor 28 vorgesehen, der über eine Signalleitung 30 mit der Steuereinrichtung 20 signalverbunden ist. Der Sauerstoffdruck wird mit einem in der Sauerstoffleitung 8 anströmseitig der Magnetventile 16 und 18 angeordneten Sauerstoffdrucksensors 32 ermittelt, der mit einer Signalleitung 34 mit der Steuereinrichtung 20 signalverbunden ist. Des Weiteren ist in der Sauerstoffleitung 8 ebenfalls anströmseitig der Magnetventile 16 und 18 ein Temperatursensor 36 vorgesehen, der über eine Signalleitung 38 mit der Steuereinrichtung 20 kommuniziert.To determine the cabin pressure, a cabin pressure sensor 28 is provided which is signal-connected via a signal line 30 to the control device 20. The oxygen pressure is determined by means of an oxygen pressure sensor 32 disposed in the oxygen line 8 upstream of the solenoid valves 16 and 18, which is signal-connected to the control device 20 via a signal line 34. Furthermore, a temperature sensor 36, which communicates with the control device 20 via a signal line 38, is likewise provided in the oxygen line 8 on the inflow side of the solenoid valves 16 and 18.

Der Kabinendrucksensor 28, der Sauerstoffdrucksensor 32, der Temperatursensor 36 und die Magnetventile 16 und 18 sind gemeinsam mit der Steuereinrichtung 20 auf einer Steuertafel 40 angeordnet. Dies gilt auch für eine optische Betriebszustandsanzeige 42, mit der die Steuereinrichtung 20 über eine Signalleitung 44 verbunden ist. Mit Hilfe der Betriebszustandsanzeige 42 ist erkennbar, ob sich die Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung in einem ordnungsgemäßen Zustand befindet oder nicht betriebsbereit ist.The cabin pressure sensor 28, the oxygen pressure sensor 32, the temperature sensor 36, and the solenoid valves 16 and 18 are disposed on a control panel 40 together with the controller 20. This also applies to an optical operating status display 42, to which the control device 20 is connected via a signal line 44. With the help of the operating state display 42, it can be recognized whether the oxygen emergency supply device is in a proper state or is not ready for operation.

Die Funktionsweise der dargestellten Sauerstoffnotversorgungseinrichtung ist wie folgt:

  • Kommt es in der Passagierkabine eines Flugzeugs zu einem Druckabfall, fallen die Sauerstoffmasken 10 aus den Behältnissen 2 der Personal-Service-Units. Ziehen die Passagiere die Sauerstoffmasken 10 in Richtung ihres Gesichts, wird die Sauerstoffflasche 4 mittels der an den Sauerstoffmasken 10 angebundenen Lanyards 14 mechanisch geöffnet. Nun strömt Sauerstoff von der Sauerstoffflasche 4 über den Druckminderer 6 in die Sauerstoffleitung 8. Von dem Kabinendrucksensor 28 wird der Kabinendruck und damit indirekt die Flughöhe erfasst. Gleichzeitig ermitteln der Sauerstoffdrucksensor 32 den Druck ausgangsseitig des Druckminderers 6 und der Temperatursensor 36 die Sauerstofftemperatur. Auf der Grundlage dieser Werte ermittelt die elektronische Steuereinrichtung 20 die Öffnungs- und Schließzeiten der Magnetventile 16 und 18.
The operation of the illustrated emergency oxygen supply device is as follows:
  • If a pressure drop occurs in the passenger cabin of an aircraft, the oxygen masks 10 fall out of the containers 2 of the personal service units. When the passengers pull the oxygen masks 10 toward their face, the oxygen cylinder 4 is replaced by the oxygen masks 10 tailed lanyards 14 mechanically opened. Now, oxygen flows from the oxygen cylinder 4 via the pressure reducer 6 in the oxygen line 8. From the cabin pressure sensor 28 of the cabin pressure and thus indirectly the altitude is detected. At the same time, the oxygen pressure sensor 32 detects the pressure on the output side of the pressure reducer 6 and the temperature sensor 36 determines the oxygen temperature. Based on these values, the electronic control device 20 determines the opening and closing times of the solenoid valves 16 and 18.

Befindet sich das Flugzeug in einer Flughöhe oberhalb einer festgelegten Grenzflughöhe (z. B. 34.500 ft), veranlasst die Steuereinrichtung 20, dass das Magnetventil 16 konstant offen gestellt bleibt, also nicht mit Spannung beaufschlagt wird. Zusätzlich wird eines der beiden Magnetventile 18 oder werden beide Magnetventile 18 intervallweise mit Spannung beaufschlagt, sodass sie zusätzlich zu dem konstanten Sauerstoffstrom durch das offene Magnetventil 16 taktweise Sauerstoff zu den Sauerstoffmasken 10 führen. An den Sauerstoffmasken 10 ausgebildete Sauerstoffzwischenspeicher 46 bewirken, dass den Benutzern der Sauerstoffmasken 10 ein im Wesentlichen kontinuierlicher Sauerstoffstrom zur Verfügung steht.If the aircraft is at an altitude above a defined limit altitude (eg, 34,500 ft), the controller 20 causes the solenoid valve 16 to remain constantly open, that is, not energized. In addition, one of the two solenoid valves 18 or both solenoid valves 18 are applied at intervals with voltage, so that they lead in addition to the constant flow of oxygen through the open solenoid valve 16 cyclically oxygen to the oxygen masks 10. Oxygen masks 46 formed on the oxygen masks 10 cause the users of the oxygen masks 10 to have a substantially continuous flow of oxygen.

Sinkt das Flugzeug auf eine Flughöhe unterhalb der Grenzflughöhe werden die Magnetventile 18 nicht mehr mit Spannung beaufschlagt, sodass sie geschlossen bleiben und die Sauerstoffversorgung der Sauerstoffmasken 10 nur noch über das offene Magnetventil 16 erfolgt. Mit weiter abnehmender Flughöhe wird auch das Magnetventil 16 durch intervallweise Spannungsbeaufschlagung schließend gestellt, bis es ab einer zweiten Grenzflughöhe von z. B. ca. 10.000 ft und darunter, wo der Kabinendruck derart hoch ist, dass eine Benutzung der Sauerstoffmasken 10 nicht mehr erforderlich ist, durch ununterbrochene Spannungsbeaufschlagung fortwährend geschlossen gehalten wird.If the aircraft sinks to an altitude below the limit altitude, the solenoid valves 18 are no longer subjected to voltage so that they remain closed and the oxygen supply of the oxygen masks 10 takes place only via the open solenoid valve 16. With further decreasing altitude and the solenoid valve 16 is closed by intermittent voltage application until it is from a second limit altitude of z. B. about 10,000 ft and below, where the cabin pressure is so high that a use of the oxygen masks 10 is no longer required, is kept continuously closed by continuous application of voltage.

Kommt es bei der Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung zu einem Ausfall der elektrischen Energieversorgung, stellt das bei nicht anliegender Spannung perse öffnend gestellte Magnetventil 16 zumindest eine Sauerstoffgrundversorgung der Benutzer der Sauerstoffmasken 10 sicher.If there is a failure of the electrical energy supply in the emergency oxygen supply device, the magnetic valve 16, which opens per se when the voltage is not present, ensures at least a basic supply of oxygen to the users of the oxygen masks 10.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

22
- Behältnis- Container
44
- Sauerstoffdruckspeicher, Sauerstoffflasche- Oxygen accumulator, oxygen cylinder
66
- Druckminderer- Pressure reducer
88th
- Sauerstoffleitung- oxygen line
1010
- Sauerstoffmaske- oxygen mask
1212
- Volumenregeleinrichtung- Volume control device
1414
- Zugmittel, Lanyard- Pulling means, lanyard
1616
- Magnetventil- Magnetic valve
1818
- Magnetventil- Magnetic valve
2020
- Steuereinrichtung- Control device
2222
- Signalleitung- Signal line
2424
- Signalleitung- Signal line
2626
- Signalleitung- Signal line
2828
- Kabinendrucksensor- cabin pressure sensor
3030
- Signalleitung- Signal line
3232
- Sauerstoffdrucksensor- oxygen pressure sensor
3434
- Signalleitung- Signal line
3636
- Temperatursensor- Temperature sensor
3838
- Signalleitung- Signal line
4040
- Steuertafel- Control panel
4242
- Betriebszustandsanzeige- Operating status display
4444
- Signalleitung- Signal line
4646
- Sauerstoffzwischenspeicher- Oxygen buffer

Claims (7)

  1. An emergency oxygen supply device for an aircraft, with an oxygen pressure tank (4) and with at least one oxygen mask (10) which is conductively connected thereto, characterised in that at least two electrically actuatable and activatable shut-off valves (16, 18), which are arranged parallel to one another, are arranged in the conduit (8) from the oxygen pressure tank (4) to the at least one oxygen mask (10), of which at least one shut-off valve (16) has an NO-function (normal-open) and at least one shut-off valve (18) an NC-function (normal-closed).
  2. An emergency oxygen supply device according to claim 1, characterised in that the shut-off valves can be activated by an electronic control device (20).
  3. An emergency oxygen supply device according to claim 2, characterised in that a cabin pressure sensor (28) is signal-connected to the control device (20).
  4. An emergency oxygen supply device according to one of the claims 2 or 3, characterised in that an oxygen pressure sensor (32), which is signal-connected to the control device (20), is arranged in the supply conduit (8) at the inlet side of the shut-off valves (16, 18).
  5. An emergency oxygen supply device according to one of the claims 2 or 3, characterised in that a temperature sensor (36), which is signal-connected to the control device (20), is arranged in the supply conduit at the inlet side of the shut-off valves.
  6. An emergency oxygen supply device according to one of the claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the sensors which are signal-connected to the control device (20) are arranged on a control panel (40) of the control device (20).
  7. An emergency oxygen supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a compensation chamber is formed at the outlet side of the shut-off valves.
EP10007307.1A 2009-08-13 2010-07-15 Emergency oxygen supply device Not-in-force EP2283900B1 (en)

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DE102009037380A DE102009037380B4 (en) 2009-08-13 2009-08-13 Sauerstoffnotversorgungsvorrichtung

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EP (1) EP2283900B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101991921B (en)
BR (1) BRPI1002781A2 (en)
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US20110036351A1 (en) 2011-02-17
EP2283900A1 (en) 2011-02-16
CA2708224A1 (en) 2011-02-13
BRPI1002781A2 (en) 2012-03-27
DE102009037380A1 (en) 2011-02-17
CN101991921A (en) 2011-03-30
CA2708224C (en) 2015-02-03
CN101991921B (en) 2014-04-09
DE102009037380B4 (en) 2013-05-29
US8397723B2 (en) 2013-03-19

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