EP2268967A1 - Vitrage a lames deviant la lumiere par echange ionique - Google Patents
Vitrage a lames deviant la lumiere par echange ioniqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2268967A1 EP2268967A1 EP09729470A EP09729470A EP2268967A1 EP 2268967 A1 EP2268967 A1 EP 2268967A1 EP 09729470 A EP09729470 A EP 09729470A EP 09729470 A EP09729470 A EP 09729470A EP 2268967 A1 EP2268967 A1 EP 2268967A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- blades
- index
- width
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 69
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 26
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 ITO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000549556 Nanos Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHPBNQZEXDUUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NHPBNQZEXDUUIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004436 sodium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
- C03C21/003—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions under application of an electrical potential difference
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/008—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in solid phase, e.g. using pastes, powders
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of building devices comprising elements capable of redirecting the light coming from the outside in a desired direction inside, generally the ceiling.
- This type of device is generally called “Daylighting” when it is the visible sunlight that one seeks to deviate.
- This type of device makes it possible in particular to improve the visual comfort due to the better distribution of natural light.
- this device is generally considered to help save energy due to the more efficient use of indoor outdoor light, which reduces artificial lighting.
- EP964112 teaches the laser cutting of a glazing to generate horizontal cracks in the glazing, said cracks playing a mirror role for the light rays coming from outside.
- US5009484 teaches a glazing comprising on the surface a diffraction grating consisting of parallel lines in relief. The light is separated into different components and diverted and restored to the ceiling.
- reflective strips of light are created to a certain depth from the surface of the glass.
- These blades are parallel to each other, generally all of the same width, and are generally spaced from each other in a constant period.
- a flat mineral glass comprises a zone whose surface is smooth, said zone comprising, alternately, blades of different refractive index, that is to say blades with a high refractive index and blades with low refractive index, said blades being parallel to each other and parallel to the glass surface and having a depth in the glass from the surface of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, the ratio of the length to the width of the blades being greater than 60.
- the glass comprises on its surface an alternation of two groups of parallel blades, with a low refractive index for one of the groups, and with a high refractive index for the other group.
- the high and low index blades are alternating, which means that except for the blades in extreme position, each low index blade is juxtaposed with two high index blades on each side of it, and vice versa.
- the blades are juxtaposed by their lengths L (see Figure 6) and all the blades are generally the same length.
- the interface between two blades of different index reflects incident light rays.
- composition of said high and low index blades differ from each other by the content of at least one cationic element.
- cationic element is meant an element whose ionic form is positive.
- the ionic form of a sodium atom is the Na + cation.
- the ionic form of a silver atom is the Ag + cation.
- the cationic element is in oxide form and its bonds with the oxygen atoms are partially ionic and partially covalent.
- the surface of the zone including the blades is smooth, which means in particular that it is not cracked.
- the glass according to the invention is monolithic since it consists of a single glass matrix whose composition has been locally modified at the level of the blades by ion exchange.
- These blades are created by ion exchange between at least one element contained in the glass and at least one element provided by a medium brought into contact with the glass.
- a medium brought into contact with the glass it is possible to exchange sodium atoms contained in the glass by silver atoms brought by a silver salt brought into contact with the glass.
- This silver salt may especially be silver nitrate AgNOs.
- This ion exchange creates, on the surface of the glass, an alternation of different media having different refractive indices without modifying the initial relief of the glass surface.
- This ion exchange is performed by migration under an electric field, which allows the production of straight edges to form parallelepiped-shaped blades.
- the blades are therefore substantially parallelepipedic, which is quite remarkable, because one could have expected a diffusion in all directions.
- the glass surface is brought into contact with an alternation of two solid or liquid materials, sources of ions to diffuse into the glass to create the blades.
- the invention thus also relates to a method of manufacturing a glass comprising contacting a glass (initially without blades) with an alternation of strips of two different materials different ion sources that can migrate into the glass under the glass. effect of an electric field, and including the application of an electric field.
- the blades are created under the strips of the two materials.
- the geometry of the surface of the blades on the surface of the glass corresponds to the geometry of the contact surface of the materials with the glass.
- the alternate blades created in the glass are enriched in the ionic element from the material that was directly above.
- at least one of the materials is generally solid (usually an enamel or a metal such as silver), and arranged in strip on the surface of the glass, the other being liquid or solid.
- the other material fills the space between the strips of the first material. If it is solid, it is also arranged in bands between those of the first material. If it is liquid, it fills the space between the solid bands of the first material.
- Both materials both contain at least one source of an ion of the group: Ag, Ba, Tl, Cu, Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr. However, the two materials are different in terms of the ion of this group will migrate into the glass.
- the invention is based on the alternation of two ions with different polarizabilities in the glass. This will result in an alternation of blades with a high refractive index n H and blades with a low refractive index n B. The more the polarizabilities of the ions in the alternate blades will be different and the more the refractive indices will be different, which is preferred to redirect incident rays of higher incidence angle.
- the two alternating surface materials are solid for one and liquid for the other.
- the first material is solid and of the metal type such as silver, thallium, copper or enamel type containing at least one of the elements of the group Ag, Ba, Ti, Cu, Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr.
- 'other material may also be solid and of the metal type such as silver, thallium, copper or enamel type containing at least one of the elements of the group Ag, Ba, Tl, Cu, Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, any by being different from the first material.
- the other material may be liquid, generally of the molten salt type such as AgNO 3 , NaNO 3 , TINO 3 , KNO 3 , LiNO 3 , Ca or BaTFSI ("TFSI” means Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide), etc.
- molten salt type such as AgNO 3 , NaNO 3 , TINO 3 , KNO 3 , LiNO 3 , Ca or BaTFSI
- TFSI means Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- the two alternating materials on the surface of the glass are source of cationic elements with equivalent mobility, which makes it possible to avoid the distortion of the field lines during the migration and thus to obtain blades with straight edges.
- This mobility can be determined by measuring the rate of penetration of an ion into a glass under given conditions (temperature, glass matrix). The depth of penetration can indeed easily be determined by scanning electron microscope observation or weight gain of the substrate.
- one of the materials is a source of an ion of the group Ag, Tl, Cu
- the second source material of an ion of the group Na, Li, K is chosen.
- the second source material of an ion of the group Ca, Sr. is preferably selected.
- the high-index plates contain at least one element of the Ag, Tl, Cu, Ba group in higher content than the blades. low index.
- the cationic elements are moved under an electric field for a sufficient time so that the blades created in the glass have the desired depth (on the desired depth in the glass from the surface).
- the solid material may for example be an enamel of the element that is to be diffused.
- This enamel is generally made from a frit deposited by screen printing. After ion exchange, the solid material is removed, for example by polishing or acid etching.
- the method may comprise an additional step of applying a protective layer to the solid material prior to contact with the liquid material.
- the protective layer has the function of preventing the cationic element of the liquid material from migrating into the solid material and disturbing, by a "dilution" effect, the exchange of the cationic element contained in the glass by the element cationic content in the solid material.
- the protective layer may be for example a layer of Ni / Cr, Ti, Si or Ag. It is preferably deposited on the enamel by magnetron. The thickness of the layer may vary from 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and preferably is between 150 and 300 nm. The principle of ion exchange in glass itself is known to those skilled in the art.
- the species to be exchanged migrate under the effect of an applied electric field via an electrode and a counter electrode placed on either side of the glass substrate.
- the migration of cationic elements is one-way in the substrate. This means that the ions to be inserted in the glass arrive at one side of the electrode, while the ions expelled from the glass are at the other side, on the side of the counter-electrode.
- the electrode and the counterelectrode may consist of an ionic salt, a conductive enamel (at least as conductive as the substrate itself at the temperature of the exchange) or a metallic conductive thin layer or ceramic as in Ti, Ni / Cr, Al, ITO, SnO2: F, etc.
- an enamel on the surface of the substrate it may be necessary to make strips of an enamel on the surface of the substrate.
- the making of an enamel on the surface of the substrate from a glass frit is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- the enamel is fired at a temperature above the melting point of the glass frit and below the softening temperature of the substrate.
- the duration of the cooking must be sufficient for the glass frit forms a vitreous matrix.
- the firing is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 700 ° C., preferably ranging from 600 to 680 ° C. for less than 60 minutes, preferably 10 to 30 minutes.
- the band-shaped enamel and placed on the electrode side in addition to its ion source function, can itself play the role of electrode.
- the enamel has the lowest possible porosity (or the highest compactness) to obtain the highest ion exchange rate.
- an enamel for the case where an enamel is used against the electrode, it may have a higher porosity.
- the salt is preferably maintained at a higher temperature of at least 10 0 C and preferably at least 20 0 C at its melting temperature.
- the ion exchange is carried out under an electric field.
- the value of the applied electric field depends on the nature of the cationic elements to be exchanged, and also on the composition of the substrate. In general, the electric field is chosen so as to obtain a migration rate in the substrate of between 0.01 and 1 ⁇ m / min. This field is generally between 1 and 1000 volts per millimeter of thickness of the substrate.
- the blades are generally invisible and do not substantially change its transparency.
- the exchanged ions are chosen to have equivalent mobility, which induces that the high and low index blades have substantially the same depth in the glass. This is preferred because otherwise the blades deviate from the parallelepiped shape and the substrate loses its transparency, becomes blurred in direct vision, and moreover, the deflection effect is less good (lower redirected intensity and / or deflection angle less strong).
- the depth of the blades can range from 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m and generally from 20 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m. Depth means the dimension of the blade towards the heart of the substrate (see Figure 6).
- the width of the high index blades can range from 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m and more generally from 20 to 500 ⁇ m. By width means the dimension of the blade parallel to the surface of the substrate, that is to say the distance between the interfaces with the two adjacent blades (refractive index different from the blade).
- the ratio of the depth to the width of the high index blades can range from 0.1 to 150 and more generally from 0.5 to 100.
- the width of the low index blades is adjustable, and in particular it is preferable for reasons of efficiency that the low index blades have a width less than the width of the high index blades.
- This width can be between 1 and 100 microns, and more generally between 2 and 50 microns.
- the length of the blades is their largest dimension. It can match the width of the glazing, but not necessarily.
- the ratio of the length to the width of the blades is greater than 60 and even generally greater than 600 and may even be greater than 6000 (in the case of windows, for example).
- the glass substrate may have a refractive index n s ranging from 1, 3 to 2.
- the high index blades can have a refractive index n ranging from 0.8 s to 1 s 2 n.
- the low index blades can have a refractive index n ranging from 0.8 s to 1 s 2 n.
- the ratio between the refractive indices of the two types of blade, (high-index blades and low-index blades) can be chosen in the range from 1.01 to 1.2.
- a soda-lime glass generally has a refractive index n S0 SO of between 1.47 and 1.55.
- Silver-rich slides made by exchanging the sodium contained in the glass with silver nitrate silver generally have a refractive index ranging from 1.01 n SO to 1, 2 n SO 2.
- one of the groups of slides has been the subject of a migration of ions already contained in the glass (for example sodium for a soda-lime glass), these blades of this group have substantially the same index of refraction as the starting glass.
- an ion that will replace another within a blade can replace it at a rate of 10 to 100 mol%, generally more than 20 mol%.
- the blades can equip a glazing in daylighting application.
- the glazing is generally placed vertically, so that the length of the blades are horizontal.
- the glazing roof inclined relative to the horizontal or even horizontal, in which case the deflected light can be to a wall.
- the blades are also horizontal to the extent that the length L of the blades is horizontal (see Figure 6).
- the zone comprising the blades whose surface is smooth generally occupies a height of at least 10 cm and more generally a height of at least 20 cm from the glazing, generally over the entire width of the glazing (the length L of the blades may correspond to the width of the glazing) and in the upper part of the glazing (when the glazing is in the use position). It is also possible to place the blades on the entire glazing.
- the blades can be located on the face of the glazing receiving the incident light or on the face of the glazing where the light emerges (face turned towards the interior of the building).
- the glass (or glazing) has a surface generally greater than 10 cm 2 and even greater than 400 cm 2 .
- the glazing according to the invention is generally placed in an equipment for opening a wall.
- the wall is usually a building limit (local any kind: dwelling, office, shed, etc.) with the outside, so that the glazing receives sunlight.
- the wall can also be located inside a building.
- the term "wall” is to be taken in a broad sense and includes the term "partition”.
- the wall is usually an angle (usually a right angle) in its upper part with a ceiling.
- the equipment of opening can be of the type vasistas, and to be placed inclined or even horizontal, in particular in roofing.
- the equipment according to the invention is advantageously used to send natural light (or solar light) back to the ceiling or a wall.
- the opening is any opening that can let through the light and can be a window, a door, a French window, a skylight.
- the term "openness" refers primarily to the faculty of light being able to pass through it and does not necessarily mean that objects or physical persons can pass through it.
- the opening may be glazing sealed in the wall without any possibility of being open for the purpose of ventilation, for example.
- the invention also relates to a building comprising an opening equipped with equipment according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents the process starting from a solid containing the cationic element whose sodocalcic glass (2.1 mm thick) is to be enriched locally in order to create the high-index blades on its surface (at depth).
- strips 2 were enamel containing silver in the form of metal particles (about 90% silver by weight after firing), and the substrate thus coated was placed in a bath.
- pure molten sodium nitrate 3 heated to 320 ° C.
- the ions were migrated for a few hours under an electric field by applying a voltage of 100 volts.
- the substrate was enriched in the element Ag to form blades 4 and locally depleted in the element Na.
- the smooth surface 5 of the substrate is found with an alternation of high index blades 4 and low index blades 6.
- These low index blades are of composition and of refractive index close to those of glass departure.
- the incoming sodium ions have replaced Na, Ca and other alkaline or alkaline earth elements possibly present at the origin.
- the length of the blades is perpendicular to the surface.
- FIG. 2 represents the process according to the invention starting from a liquid containing a cationic element whose soda-lime glass is to be enriched. (2.1 mm thick) locally to create high index blades on its surface.
- Enamel strips containing 20% by weight of sodium oxide were deposited on the surface of the glass, and the substrate thus coated was placed in a bath of pure molten silver nitrate heated at room temperature. 320 0 C. It was migrate the ions for a few hours under an electric field by applying a voltage of 100 volts.
- the glass Under the enamel strips 11, the glass has a composition close to that of the starting glass and forms the low index blades 15.
- the substrate 10 has been enriched in the Ag element to form blades high index 13 and depleted in the element Na.
- the smooth surface 14 of the substrate is found with alternating high-index blades 13 and low-index blades 15. The length of the blades is perpendicular to the surface.
- FIG. 3 represents a vertical glazing 30 seen in section equipped with high index 31 and low index 32 blades alternating, parallel and horizontal.
- the surface of the glazing on which the blades are located (the surface where they emerge) is on the side of a light source (this could be the opposite).
- the light rays 33 coming from this source and penetrating the glass at a high-index blade are reflected at the interface between the high-index blade and the adjacent low-index blade, and returned upwards (generally a ceiling) of the other side of the glazing.
- the light incident in the glazing undergoes a total internal reflection at the high-index / low-index interface and is thus redirected upwards.
- the glass substrate has a thickness of 4 mm.
- the high-index blades (index n H ) have, for example, a depth in the glass of 160 ⁇ m, a width of 80 ⁇ m and are separated by low index blades (index n B ) of width 20 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 represents a sectional view of a substrate during the ion exchange under an electric field according to one embodiment, according to which a solid containing the cationic element whose glass is to be enriched locally is used to create the high-indexed blades. .
- Patterns 71, 72, 73 are deposited on the surface of a glass substrate 74.
- the patterns consist of an enamel comprising a cationic element such as Ag, Tl, Ba, Cu.
- the substrate 74 is immersed in a bath 76 of molten salt of a cationic element (chosen from the group Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr) having a mobility in the substrate equal to or almost equal to that of the cationic element contained in the enamel.
- a platinum electrode 77 which is connected to the positive terminal of a generator 78.
- a counter-electrode 79 of 200 nm titanium fixed on the opposite side of the substrate 74 (deposited by magnetron sputtering) opposite to that carrying the patterns 72, 73, 74 is connected to the negative terminal of the generator 78.
- the container 75 is placed in a furnace (not shown) maintained at a temperature sufficient for the salt 76 to be in the molten state.
- a voltage of 100 volts is applied between the electrodes 77 and 79 through the generator 78.
- the cationic element contained in the patterns 71, 72, 73 and that contained in the bath 76 diffuse simultaneously in the substrate 74.
- the expelled alkaline ions diffuse through the counter electrode and form on its surface a carbonate or alkali hydroxide layer (by reaction with air).
- the thick arrows in the slice of the substrate indicate the direction of migration of the ions.
- FIG. 5 represents a sectional view of the substrate during ion exchange under an electric field according to an embodiment in which a liquid containing the cationic element whose glass is to be enriched locally is used to create the high-index plates.
- An enamel is applied in strips on one side of the substrate 81.
- the enamel 80 comprises a cationic element selected from the group Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr.
- the substrate 81 contains a cationic element chosen from the group Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr.
- the substrate is immersed in a bath 82 of a molten salt of a cationic element selected from the group Ag, Tl, Ba, Cu, contained in a container 83.
- the cationic element contained in the bath and the cationic element contained in the enamel have an almost equal mobility.
- a platinum electrode 84 is connected to the positive terminal of a generator 85.
- a platinum electrode 86 placed in a bath 87 of a molten salt is connected to the negative terminal of the generator 85.
- the container 83 is placed in a furnace (not shown) to maintain the bath salts 82 and 87 in the molten state.
- a voltage of 100 volts is applied between the electrodes 84 and 86 through the generator 85.
- the cationic element contained in the mask 80 and the cationic element contained in the bath 82 migrate simultaneously in the substrate 81.
- the thick arrows in FIG. the edge of the substrate indicate the direction of migration ions.
- the substrate 81 is removed from the container 83 and the patterns 80 on the surface of the substrate are removed by polishing.
- Figure 6 shows in perspective a blade perpendicular to the surface 40 of a glass substrate, said substrate being vertical and placed so that the blade is horizontal (its length L is horizontal). There is the slice 41 of the substrate.
- the blade has a depth p perpendicular to the surface and depth of the surface towards the heart, a width I and a length L. This length may correspond to the width of the glazing, but not necessarily as it is also the case on Of course, in the figures, the different elements are not at the right scale, for the sake of clarity.
- a substrate is formed from a soda-lime-silica glass composition comprising the constituents below, in the following proportions expressed in molar percentage: 71% of SiO 2 13.5% Na2 ⁇ , 9.5% CaO and 6% MgO. This substrate has a refractive index of 1.52.
- a network of 400 parallel strips (width: 100 ⁇ m, thickness: 50 ⁇ m, edge-to-edge distance between strips: 20 ⁇ m) formed by screen printing is deposited.
- an enamel composition comprising, in percentage by weight: 75% of silver particles, 10% of a glass frit and 15% of a terpineol mixture (serigraphy medium allowing to have the suitable viscosity for application on glass).
- the glass frit has the following composition, expressed in mass%: 36% SiO 2 , 30% B 12 O 3 , 24.5% Na 2 O, 5.5% CaO, 4% Al 2 O 3 .
- the substrate coated with the silkscreened patterns is subjected to an enamel baking treatment at 650 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the face of the substrate carrying the enamelled patterns is brought into contact with a bath of molten NaNO 3 (320 ° C.) connected to the anode of a voltage generator.
- the other side of the substrate is in contact with another molten NaNO 3 bath (320 ° C.) connected to the cathode of said generator.
- the ion exchange is carried out for 120 hours by applying a potential difference between the terminals of the generator so that the migration rate of the Ag ions in the substrate is equal to 0.07 microns / min.
- the diffusion depth of the Ag ions in the glass at the level of the units is measured and the index of refraction of the high-index plates after exchange at I 1 Ag:
- the low index blades have the same depth as the high index blades and their refractive index is substantially the same as that of the starting glass.
- the enamel was removed by etching for 5 minutes in a solution of HNO 3 at 68% by weight.
- a light ray penetrating the substrate at the high index blades at an angle of 17 ° to the normal vertical substrate is redirected upward with an identical angle for 100% of the emergent intensity.
- An observer can look through the substrate at the location of the network without the image being distorted or blurred.
- Example 1 The procedure is as in Example 1 modified in that the width of the strips is 160 microns and that magnetron is deposited a protective layer of Ni / Cr of 200 nm thick on the patterns obtained after the cooking enamel.
- the diffusion depth of the Ag ions in the glass at the level of the units is measured and the index of refraction of the high-index plates after exchange at I 1 Ag:
- the protective layer has allowed a more complete exchange of the sodium ions of the glass by the silver ions.
- the low index blades have the same depth as the high index blades and their refractive index is substantially the same as that of the starting glass.
- a light ray penetrating the substrate at the high index blades at an angle of 27 ° relative to the vertical substrate is redirected upward with an identical angle for 100% of the emerging intensity.
- An observer can look through the substrate at the location of the network without the image being distorted or blurred.
- This example illustrates an embodiment described in FIGS. 2 and 5.
- a substrate is formed from a soda-lime-silica glass composition under the conditions of Example 1.
- a sodium enamel composition (thickness: 60 ⁇ m) is deposited by screen printing in the form of 20 ⁇ m wide strips separated edge to board of 200 .mu.m.
- the enamel composition comprises 70% by weight of glass frit and 30% by weight of castor oil.
- the glass frit has the following composition, expressed in mass%: 12% SiO 2 , 40% ZnO, 29% Bi 2 O 3 , 19% Na 2 O.
- the substrate coated with the screen-printed layer is subjected to an enamel baking treatment at 680 ° C. for 6 minutes.
- the face of the substrate carrying the enamel is brought into contact with a bath of molten AgNOs (300 ° C.) connected to the anode of a voltage generator.
- the other side of the substrate is brought into contact with an equimolar mixture of NaNOs and KNO3 and is connected to the cathode of said generator.
- the ion exchange is carried out for 55 h by applying a potential difference between the terminals of the generator such that the migration speed of the Ag ions in the substrate is equal to 0.15 ⁇ m / min.
- the diffusion depth of the Ag ions in the glass is measured at the level of the patterns corresponding to the openings in the enamel and the refractive index of the high-index blades.
- the high index blades have a depth of 500 ⁇ m and a width of 200 ⁇ m.
- the low index blades have the same depth as the high index blades and their refractive index is substantially the same as that of the starting glass.
- a light ray penetrating the substrate at the high index blades at an angle of 34 ° to the vertical substrate is redirected upward at an identical angle for 100% of the emergent intensity. An observer can look through the substrate at the location of the network without the image being distorted or blurred.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0851965A FR2929370B1 (fr) | 2008-03-27 | 2008-03-27 | Vitrage a lames deviant la lumiere par echange ionique |
| PCT/FR2009/050503 WO2009125123A1 (fr) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-24 | Vitrage a lames deviant la lumiere par echange ionique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2268967A1 true EP2268967A1 (fr) | 2011-01-05 |
Family
ID=40210549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09729470A Withdrawn EP2268967A1 (fr) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-24 | Vitrage a lames deviant la lumiere par echange ionique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2268967A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2929370B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009125123A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116903248A (zh) * | 2023-08-03 | 2023-10-20 | 兆虹精密(北京)科技有限公司 | 用于制备高铝玻璃的组合物、高铝玻璃及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3817730A (en) * | 1969-12-29 | 1974-06-18 | Nippon Electric Co | Method of making optical lines in dielectric body |
| DE3607259A1 (de) * | 1985-03-05 | 1986-09-18 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co. Ltd., Osaka | Mikrolinsenplatte und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| US4913717A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-04-03 | Polaroid Corporation | Method for fabricating buried waveguides |
| GB9820318D0 (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 1998-11-11 | Milner Peter J | Optical components for daylighting and other purposes |
| JP3818255B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-16 | 2006-09-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 端部に回折光学膜を有する光ファイバとその製造方法 |
| US20040258355A1 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2004-12-23 | Jian Wang | Micro-structure induced birefringent waveguiding devices and methods of making same |
-
2008
- 2008-03-27 FR FR0851965A patent/FR2929370B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-24 EP EP09729470A patent/EP2268967A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-24 WO PCT/FR2009/050503 patent/WO2009125123A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009125123A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2929370A1 (fr) | 2009-10-02 |
| WO2009125123A1 (fr) | 2009-10-15 |
| FR2929370B1 (fr) | 2015-07-17 |
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