EP2268915A1

EP2268915A1 - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: EP2268915A1
Application number: EP09730419A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Friedrich Gruber
Original assignee: GE Jenbacher GmbH and Co OHG
Current assignee: Innio Jenbacher GmbH and Co OG
Priority date: 2008-04-07
Filing date: 2009-03-23
Publication date: 2011-01-05
Also published as: AT506085B1; WO2009124327A1; AT506085A4

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (1) comprising at least two combustion chambers (2a-2p) for combusting an air/fuel mixture, an exhaust collector duct (4) in which the exhaust gas originating from the at least two combustion chambers (2a-2p) is collected, at least one measuring device (14, 14') for determining at least one substance in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (1), the measuring device (14, 14') being arranged in such a manner that the exhaust gas emitted by each combustion chamber (2a-2p) can be measured by the measuring device (14, 14').

Description

Internal combustion engine

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a gas engine, comprising at least two combustion chambers for combustion of an air / fuel mixture, an exhaust manifold, are collected in the exhaust gases from the at least two combustion chambers, at least one measuring device for determining at least one substance in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine.

Internal combustion engines, in particular gas engines usually have a plurality of combustion chambers for combustion of an air / fuel mixture. In conventional cylinder construction of the internal combustion engine, the number of combustion chambers is expressed in the number of cylinders. Large gas engines, which are the most important field of application of the invention, are usually equipped with twelve, sixteen, twenty or more cylinders. To comply with the pollutant limit values, the lean concept is used in most gas engines, especially those with more than 500 kW engine power. In this case, the air-fuel mixture is very heavily emaciated, that is, the λ value, which indicates the ratio of air to fuel, is high. A λ value of 1 means a stoichiometric ratio of air or actually oxygen to fuel for complete combustion of the fuel, a λ value> 1 means that more air is available than would be necessary for complete combustion of the fuel. Because of the lean mode of operation also strongly decreasing combustion temperature, the NO _x formation in the exhaust gas is largely suppressed. In the case of a very lean mixture setting, the internal combustion engines move in the vicinity of the misfire limit, so that often only slight λ deviations can lead to an exceeding of this limit and thus to malfunctions.

In multi-cylinder engines, individual cylinders may have slightly different combustion behaviors, so that the NO _x emissions and lean limits may and may be different. In particular, when these differences become too large, this involves considerable disadvantages in real engine operation. For example, individual cylinders may already knock while others are running at the misfire boundary. Concepts are known where, by pressure indexing each cylinder, the combustion trajectories are measured and analyzed, and control and control algorithms are applied thereto to, for example, equalize the burns of the cylinders. JP 2003-201904 A shows an internal combustion engine comprising four combustion chambers for combustion of an air-fuel mixture, an exhaust manifold, are collected in the exhaust gases from the four combustion chambers and four sensors for determining at least one substance in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, wherein a control device in dependence engages the presence of a certain CO concentration at the exhaust gas recirculation valve and controls the amount of recirculated exhaust gas in the intake tract. However, these concepts are relatively complex and the service lives of the pressure sensors are not sufficiently secured. EP 1 561 930 A1 discloses an internal combustion engine with a control device in which the λ value or a substitute parameter for λ is controlled in dependence on the amount of fuel supplied or the fuel energy per time to achieve a predefinable NO _x value.

Based on the state of the art, the object is to provide an internal combustion engine in which these problems are reduced. In particular, an internal combustion engine is to be provided in which the required NO _x values can be maintained and in which the individual cylinders are not knocking or not at the misfire boundary.

This object is solved by the features of the independent claims.

In an internal combustion engine comprising at least two combustion chambers for combustion of an air / fuel mixture an exhaust manifold, are collected in the exhaust gases from the at least two combustion chambers, at least one measuring device for determining at least one substance in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, which is arranged such that from each combustion chamber emitted exhaust gases are measurable with the measuring device and a control device and / or a control device which, depending on the presence of a substance or the amount of a substance in the exhaust gas of the respective combustion chamber, at least one parameter for influencing the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber, controls and / or controls, is provided, that the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber when deviating from a desired value to the target value equalizes.

In an internal combustion engine comprising at least two combustion chambers for combustion of an air / fuel mixture, an exhaust manifold, in the

Exhaust gases are collected from the at least two combustion chambers, at least one

Measuring device for determining at least one substance in the exhaust gas of

Internal combustion engine, it is provided that the measuring device is arranged such that the exhaust gases emitted from different combustion chambers are selectively measurable with a common measuring device.

While in the prior art exhaust values are measured only either in the exhaust manifold and thus only the sum of the exhaust gases or an average value of exhaust gas value of all combustion chambers, or the exhaust gases of each cylinder individually analyzed with its own measuring device, according to the invention, the exhaust gases each individual combustion chamber or each cylinder with a common measuring device and yet to analyze more selectively or to regulate or control the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber selectively. This can be deduced on the burning behavior of the respective combustion chamber and a measure can be taken in deviations from the ideal state. In the simplest case you could just turn off the cylinder, which is not desirable because it loses power. Ideally, therefore, one will make a control intervention or an intervention on the control of the respective cylinder or combustion chamber and readjust certain operating parameters for influencing the combustion behavior. For example, the amount of fuel supplied could be changed. Depending on the mode of operation of the engine, different measures may be advantageous. In mixture supercharged gas engines, ie in such internal combustion engines where a fuel / air mixture is compressed in a compression device and then supplied to the combustion chamber, it is ideally provided to readjust the ignition. In engines with port injector in which the fuel is injected directly in the region of the inlet and, for example, compressed air is supplied, it may be advantageous to change the λ value by changing the amount of fuel introduced by the port injector. In mixed concepts, ie those where a mixed-loaded Operation is combined with a port injector, λ value and / or ignition timing can be changed. In principle, any parameter that is suitable for optimizing the burning behavior can be set.

The object of the proposed method and the proposed internal combustion engine is in the preferred case, the equality of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, in particular a gas engine in lean operation. In the preferred case, it is provided that the measuring device comprises a NO _x sensor, and that the measuring device determines the NO _x concentration or the NO _x content in the exhaust gas, since the NO _x emission value of a cylinder very accurate conclusions about the combustion behavior in the combustion chamber respective cylinder permits. The equality of the individual cylinders thus takes place with regard to the NO _x emission behavior.

In the simplest case, it suffices if the measuring device detects the presence of a substance or if the sensitivity of the measurement is set accordingly, that detection takes place only at a threshold value, that is, only a qualitative or semiquantitative measurement takes place.

In the preferred case, it is provided that the measuring device quantitatively detects the at least one substance so that an actual value (for example NO _x content) is determined which permits ideal regulation of the individual cylinders. Preferably, it is therefore provided that a control device and / or a control device, which in

Dependence on the presence of a substance or on the amount of a substance in the body

Exhaust gas of the respective combustion chamber, at least one parameter for influencing the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber, controls and / or controls.

In such an internal combustion engine with a control device and / or control device can be provided in the preferred case that the amount of at least one detected substance from the exhaust gases emitted from each combustion chamber with the measuring device is measured or analyzed and from these values an average of the amount of substance over all Combustion chambers is formed, that is, for example, the average concentration of NO _{x is} determined. This value is taken as the setpoint for the control. Subsequently, each individual combustion chamber is tracked to this setpoint by a parameter for influencing the combustion behavior is regulated. In practical terms, this essentially means that, starting from a measured average of a substance quantity, the standard deviation for this mean value is minimized by tracking this mean value. As already indicated, it is preferably provided that the at least one parameter for influencing the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber is the ignition time. In practice, this procedure can be omitted to determine the absolute amount of a substance, it in principle sufficient relative values, ie differences, and one uses only the deviations from the corresponding mean. In order to detect drifting phenomena, however, the determination of the absolute values of the respective substance is advantageous.

In an alternative variant, it would also be conceivable for the control device and / or control device to adjust the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber when deviating from a desired value to the combustion behavior of those combustion chambers which do not deviate from the desired value. In a further alternative it could be provided that the control device and / or control device adjusts the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber when deviating from a desired value to the desired value. For example, in order to analyze the respective combustion chamber, one could lead it to the edge region of the knock or misfire boundary in order to determine the optimum operating region of the combustion chamber.

The measurement of the corresponding emission, in particular NO _x emission of the individual cylinders takes place in such a way that in the region of the exhaust gas outlet of each combustion chamber, a removal device is provided, via which a part of the exhaust gas can be removed. For example, may be attached to the exhaust ducts of the cylinder exhaust gas sampling probes over which a small portion of the exhaust gas, for example, connected by solenoid valves, is passed into a sample gas manifold, which is connected to a corresponding measuring device (for example, NO _x -probe). Therefore, it is preferably provided that the removal device comprises at least one valve and further it is preferably provided that the removal device is connected to the measuring device at each combustion chamber.

Furthermore, it can be provided that a gas line leads from the sampling device to the measuring device. Ideally, there is also a common gas pipe for the Exhaust gases of all cylinders or combustion chambers provided. This is advantageous over the simplest embodiment of the invention in which a measuring device is set up at each exhaust gas outlet of a combustion chamber. Since this is on the one hand cost-intensive and on the other hand has the disadvantage that different measuring devices usually never come to the same measurement results, as they show a certain Messstreubreite, the exhaust gases of each combustion chamber are analyzed with only one or a small number of measuring devices. A common gas line in which only the exhaust gas of a combustion chamber is selectively guided to the measuring device by actuation of the individual valves has the advantage that only one measuring device is required and at certain intervals the exhaust gas values of individual combustion chambers can be determined. Further measuring devices are ideally provided only for redundancy purposes or for calibration purposes or for checking a measuring device.

Further advantages and details of the invention as well as additional aspects emerge from the following figures and description of the figures.

1 to 6 show in schematic representation six embodiments of internal combustion engines according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention in the form of a supercharged gas engine in lean operation with sixteen combustion chambers 2a to 2p and sixteen cylinders 2a to 2p (in general, the combustion chambers are hereinafter referred to only with 2, if not on a specific cylinder or Combustion chamber should be referred to). The combustion chambers 2 and cylinders 2 are each indicated in the form of the cylinder heads, which form an upper cylinder row 3 and a lower cylinder row 3 '. In the individual combustion chambers 2 each an air / fuel mixture is burned. As in the prior art also, the combusted mixture is collected in the region of the exhaust outlet of each cylinder 2 in an exhaust manifold 4. In Fig. 1, the exhaust gas outlets are covered by the removal device with the reference numeral 11, which will be described below. The upper cylinder row 3 has the exhaust gas outlets in the image plane oriented upwards, the lower cylinder row 3 'downwards. The exhaust manifold 4 leads the exhaust gases to an exhaust gas turbine 5, which via a shaft 6 a Compressor 7 drives. In the compression device 7, a fuel-air mixture is compressed. The fuel-air mixture is produced in a gas mixer 8 from air supply 9 and fuel supply 10 (actually propellant gas supply). From the compression device 7, the fuel-air mixture is led to the cylinders 2 and combustion chambers 2, where this is ignited, for example ottomotorisch by means of an ignition device (not shown in FIG. 1), whereby it comes to the combustion.

In the prior art, it is generally provided that in the exhaust manifold 4, usually just before or just after the exhaust gas turbine 5, a measuring device is present, which analyzes the exhaust gas mixture of all combustion chambers 2, ie, the average value of the exhaust gases (2a-2p) / 16 or in general c = Σ _n c (X) / n, where C (X) _{n means} the concentration of the substance X (in particular NO _x ) in the cylinder 2. Although such a measuring device can indeed be provided in the internal combustion engine 1 according to the invention, but according to the invention is now taken before the exhaust manifold 4 directly at the exhaust outlet of the individual combustion chambers 2a to 2p by means of a removal device 11, a small amount of exhaust gas from the respective combustion chamber 2a to 2p and Measuring device 14 supplied.

Between the exhaust gas outlets of the individual combustion chambers 2 and cylinder 2 and the common exhaust manifold 4 are located in the example shown Übertrittsoder connecting piece 13 where the removal devices 11 are provided. Switching devices (eg switching valves) are likewise arranged on the transfer or connecting piece 13. The measuring gas taken from the cylinders 2 or combustion chambers 2 via the sampling device 11 is conducted via a common measuring gas collecting line 15 to the measuring device 14, which in the present case is an NO _x measuring device (or NO _x probe) and from there into introduced the exhaust pipe 17 of the internal combustion engine 1 after the exhaust gas turbine 5. In order to match the individual cylinders 2, sample gas is taken from a removal device 11 on the cylinder 2a, for example, by opening the switching device 12 on the cylinder 2a. At this time, no measurement gas is taken from the remaining cylinders 2b to 2p by closing the switching devices 12 at the cylinders 2b to 2p. The measuring device 14 thus selectively determines at least one substance in the exhaust gas of cylinder 2a. About a control device 16 or a control device can on 17

8th

Cylinder 2a, a parameter for influencing the combustion behavior is controlled or controlled, if the substance does not comply with a certain predeterminable limit, which in the simplest case is the average over all combustion chambers 2a to 2p. After the cylinder 2a has been analyzed, a second cylinder 2b can now be analyzed. For this purpose, measuring gas is taken from the cylinder 2b by opening the switching device 12 on the cylinder 2b. At this time, no measurement gas is taken from the remaining cylinders 2a and 2c to 2p by closing the switching devices 12 at these cylinders 2a, 2c-2p. In this way, all the cylinders 2a-2p can be analyzed in sequence and subsequently tracked or equalized. In the case of gas engines, such equality is favorably carried out at intervals of at least 100 operating hours.

FIG. 2 shows a variant that differs from the variant of FIG. 1 only in that two measuring devices 14, 14 'are provided, which can be connected via switching devices 18, 19. Such an embodiment is characterized by a higher reliability, which is achieved by redundancy of the measuring devices 14, 14 '. In addition, two or more measuring devices 14, 14 'have the advantage that, when a measuring device 14 is replaced by a new measuring device 14, "the measuring device 14' remaining in the internal combustion engine can be used to calibrate the new measuring device 14", since measuring devices 14, 14 ' As a rule, have a measurement spread, which can be determined so at the beginning of commissioning a new measuring device 14 ".

The embodiment variant of FIG. 3 shows that in addition to the measurement gas from the individual cylinders 2 a to 2 p, the total exhaust gas values, in particular the NCV values of the

Internal combustion engine 1 are measured by a gas sampling device 22 is provided in the exhaust manifold 4. For exhaust gas analysis, two independent measuring devices 14, 14 'are used. The removal of the sample gas from the exhaust manifold 4 is preferably carried out in front of the exhaust gas turbine 5, since there is about the same pressure as can be set at the sampling point for the cylinder exhaust gas and thus defined volume flows. For example, the following measurement tasks can be fulfilled:

Switching device 19 open, switching device 20 closed: Measurement of the exhaust gas values of the collected engine exhaust gas via sensor 14 '. Switching device 18 open, switching device 20 closed during measuring procedure for cylinder equalization via measuring device 14. The description of the individual method steps is analogous to FIG. 1.

Switching device 18 closed, switching devices 19 and 20 open: Measuring devices 14 and 14 'measure the same measuring gas, so that a mutual control of the measuring devices 14 and 14' is possible.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4 with two independent measuring devices 14, 14 'and a total of four switching devices 18, 19, 20, 21 in front of the measuring devices 14, 14' can advantageously be performed all functions that have a practical use. It is advantageous if the measurement gas for the exhaust gas measurement of the entire engine is removed in front of the exhaust gas turbine 5, and thus is available at the same pressure as the sample gas from the individual cylinders 2a to 2p. Each switching device 14, 14 'can be used here independently of the other measuring device 14', 14 for each measuring function. Both measuring devices 14, 14 'can be used either for the equalization procedure or for the permanent measurement for a closed-loop exhaust emission control, preferably closed-loop NOx control, and the switching devices 18, 19, 20, 21 can be so switched be that to both measuring devices 14, 14 'the same sample gas is passed.

The exhaust gas from the exhaust gas outlet of the cylinder 2 a is conducted separately from the exhaust gas of the remaining cylinders 2 b through 2 p to the measuring device 14, where the exhaust gas values, preferably NO _x concentration, are determined. In principle, it is of course possible to provide for each cylinder 2a to 2p own measuring device 14, but this is not necessary or useful for several reasons. On the one hand, the equalization of the cylinders 2a to 2p with each other is required only in longer transit time intervals of the internal combustion engine 1 (for example, about every 100 to 500 operating hours), the measurement procedure itself takes only about one hour, so it makes sense, a measuring device 14 for several or all Cylinder to use. Furthermore, the measuring devices 14, 14 'have measured value differences which preclude exact equality if a separate measuring device 14 is used for each cylinder 2a to 2p. Finally, there are cost reasons that make it advantageous to have several or best for all cylinders 2a to 2p the same or for redundancy reasons to use two identical measuring device 14, 14 '. In this case, the exhaust gases of the individual cylinders 2 a to 2 p are separated, for example via magnetic valves 12, and connected in succession to the common measuring gas line 15 to the measuring device 14. After the measurement of the cylinder exhaust gas, the measured value is stored in the control unit 16 or control device of the engine management system in the data memory and further processed. When the exhaust gases of all cylinders 2a-2p are measured, the data is processed. In this case, the necessary control interventions or interventions of the control device are calculated and the corrective measures are initiated. Preferably, the equalization of the cylinders 2a to 2p by changing or adjusting the ignition timing of the individual cylinders 2a to 2p. It has been shown in the experiment and in practice that this equality of the NO _x emission of the cylinder 2a-2p are given optimal conditions for the efficiency and performance of the internal combustion engine at the same time. In particular, then the distances of the individual cylinders 2a-2p are sufficiently equal to the knock and misfire limit.

In Fig. 5, a variant is shown, which substantially corresponds to the variant of Fig. 1, but which could be just as well as one of the other variants. In contrast to the variant of FIG. 1, in this example, the switching devices 12 were mounted at a distance from the exhaust gas outlets of the individual combustion chambers 2a to 2p, since the corresponding switching devices 12 are thus subject to a lower thermal load.

The embodiment of FIG. 6 only shows a section of an internal combustion engine, where, in contrast to the switching devices 12 provided in the variants of FIGS. 1 to 5, only one switching device 23 is provided on each combustion chamber 2 a to 2 p, via which the exhaust gas each of a single cylinder 2a measuring device 14 is switchable, while the exhaust gases of the remaining cylinders 2b to 2g are switched off. By actuating the switching device 23, for example, another cylinder 2b can be switched on, while the remaining cylinders 2a, 2c to 2g are switched away. In the preferred case, the switching device 23 is designed such that selectively a combustion chamber 2a is switchable, while the remaining combustion chambers 2b to 2g are switched off. In the simplest case, that is Switching device 23, a switching valve. Preferably, the switching device 23 has at least as many switching states as combustion chambers are present.

The equalization of the cylinders 2a-2p should be done conveniently during a constant engine load in the engine full load. Namely, at engine full load, the differences of the cylinders 2a to 2p are most significant. The emission values measured via the NO _x sensors are related to the current engine power or various boundary conditions in the evaluation process. If a heavy load reduction or motor setting occurs during a measuring procedure, the measuring procedure is stopped and only resumed when the conditions for starting the procedure are met again. It is sufficient if the last measured cylinder 2a is measured again and then continued with the rest. After the sample exhaust gas has passed the measuring device 14, it is introduced into the exhaust gas line of the internal combustion engine 1 downstream of the exhaust gas turbine 5 (but before any catalytic converter or any exhaust gas aftertreatment device).

The differences of the cylinders 2a to 2p in the exhaust emission and, in particular, in the NO _x emission result from different combustion processes and combustion conditions. The reasons for this can be manifold, often there are, for example, different tolerance positions of the components, differences in temperature, pressure and λ values at the intake manifold of the cylinder 2, etc. These causes generally do not change or do not change significantly over the operating time. However, a cause for differences can also be combustion chamber deposits, which can vary from cylinder 2a to cylinder 2b differently over time. Cylinder differences change very slowly over time, so corrections and adjustments are rarely required. Under the assumption that a measuring procedure takes about one to two hours and is carried out once every 100 operating hours, the operating time for the measuring device 14 for a total of some 100 hours results for an operating time of 30,000 operating hours. NO _x sensors have been tested over several thousand hours of operation without any significant change in the accuracy of the measurement. Due to the overall short service life of the measuring device 14, the proposed method can also be used in internal combustion engines 1, which are operated with problem-laden propellant gases, where traces of chemical compounds with damage potential for sensor components are contained in the exhaust gas, such as biogas.

The entire apparatus for the proposed method is designed for the entire life of the engine system and requires only minimal maintenance and servicing.

The increased use of sensors, in particular NO _x sensors cost-effective manufacturing processes are applicable, so that in the near future even significant reductions are expected. Since the sample gas quantities required for the equality procedure are comparatively very small and move in the per thousand range of the total exhaust gas, the corresponding components and valves are small and the lines 15 are designed with a very small cross section (for example, 5 mm diameter). For this reason, and because switching devices 12, 18, 19, 20, 21 based on state-of-the-art solenoid valves are based and manufactured in large numbers, the entire device is very inexpensive.

In addition to the function of the cylinder equalization, with the use of at least one NOx sensor, which is provided for this equality of the cylinder 2a-2p, and the NOx emission of the entire engine can be measured or determined. For the detection of slow drifting phenomena, as they can occur due to deposits, it is sufficient to carry out an averaging of the measured NOx values from the equalization procedure and to record the change in these mean values over the running time of the internal combustion engine 1 and to utilize them for drift copying measures.

For a continuous NOx control of the internal combustion engine 1 in the form of a "closed-loop control" a permanent NOx measurement is required.This is usefully via a separate NOx sensor that is constantly with the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine (eg after leaving the Exhaust turbine 5) is in contact. However, the NOx sensor (s) used for cylinder equalization can also be used to monitor or calibrate the (separate) NOx sensor for closed-loop control. For this purpose, the sensors are connected in series or in parallel by means of suitable cable routing, so that they are supplied with "sample gas." The function or the sensors can be deduced from the given or missing correspondence of the measured values.

Exhaust gases of internal combustion engines 1 contain water vapor, which condenses at temperatures below the dew point (at lean burns about 60 - 70 ⁰ C). Since that

Sample gas from the removal of the cylinder heads to the measuring device 14 cools, it is advantageous to take appropriate measures to ensure that in the

Cables at the measuring equipment 14 no condensate accumulates. This is advantageous in that the lines are only flowed through for a relatively short time by the hot sample gas and therefore cool or are normally cold.

To avoid the precipitation of condensates, for example, the entire device could be designed to be heated and insulated. Another possibility is, for example, to allow the lines to flow through with small amounts of exhaust gas even outside the measuring cycles in order to keep the lines at a temperature in combination with appropriate insulation. Yet another possibility is to use 14 condensate before the or the measuring device (s).

To check the function of the NOx sensors, it may be useful to precede or follow the calibration procedure with a calibration procedure. For example, by introducing air into the sample gas line, a zero adjustment can take place, or calibration of the measuring devices 14, 14 'can take place by introducing a calibration gas.

A potential problem for the correct implementation of the equality procedure could be that one or more of the switching devices 12, 18, 19, 20, 21 in the closed state are not sufficiently dense and thereby the measured values are falsified. To set up the facility for this problem monitor, for example, an additional switching device may be used, for example in the form of a solenoid valve in front of the measuring device 14, which is closed outside the measurement procedure as all other switching devices. As soon as one of the switching devices of the cylinder sampling probes becomes leaky, the pressure in the line to the additional switching device rises in front of the measuring device. This can be detected by inserting a pressure sensor in the pipe.

Claims

claims:

1. internal combustion engine (1), comprising

• at least two combustion chambers (2a-2p) for combustion of an air / fuel mixture

An exhaust manifold (4), in which exhaust gases are collected from the at least two combustion chambers (2a-2p),

At least one measuring device (14, 14 ') for determining at least one substance in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (1), which is arranged such that the output from each combustion chamber (2a-2p)

Exhaust gases with the measuring device (14, 14 ') are measurable and

• a control device (16) and / or a control device which, depending on the presence of a substance or the amount of a substance in the exhaust gas of the respective combustion chamber (2a-2p), at least one parameter for influencing the combustion behavior in the respective

Combustion chamber (2a-2p), controls and / or controls, characterized in that the control device (16) and / or control device equalizes the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber (2a-2p) in deviation from a desired value to the desired value.

2. Internal combustion engine (1) comprising

• at least one measuring device (14, 14 ') for determining at least one substance in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine (1), characterized in that the measuring device (14, 14') is arranged such that the of different combustion chambers (2a-2p) delivered Exhaust gases selectively with a common measuring device (14,

14 ') are measurable.

3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 2, characterized by a control device (16) and / or a control device, which in dependence from the presence of a substance or the amount of a substance in the exhaust gas of the respective combustion chamber (2a-2p), at least one parameter for influencing the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber (2a-2p), controls and / or controls.

4. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or claim 3, characterized in that the control device (16) and / or control means the average of the molar amount of all combustion chambers (2a-2p) and the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber (2a-2p) in deviation from this Average on this average.

5. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or claim 3, characterized in that the control device (16) and / or control device equalizes the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber (2a-2p) in deviation from a desired value to the desired value.

6. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 or 3 to 5, characterized in that the at least one parameter for influencing the combustion behavior in the respective combustion chamber (2a-2p) is the ignition point.

7. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the measuring device (14, 14 ') detects the at least one substance quantitatively.

8. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the measuring device (14, 14 ') comprises a NO _x sensor, and the measuring device (14, 14') determines the NO _x concentration in the exhaust gas.

9. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the region of the exhaust gas outlet of each combustion chamber (2a)

2p) a removal device (11, 12) is provided, via which a part of the exhaust gas can be removed.

10. Internal combustion engine according to claim 9, characterized in that the removal device (11, 12) comprises at least one switching device (12), preferably valve.

11. Internal combustion engine according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the removal device (11, 12) on each combustion chamber (2a-2p) with the measuring device (14, 14 ') is connected.

12. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that of the removal device (11, 12) a

Measuring gas manifold (15) to the measuring device (14, 14 ') leads.

13. Internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 or 3 to 5, characterized in that all removal devices (11, 12) in a common sample gas line (15) open.

14. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one second measuring means (14 ') is provided.