EP2266180A1

EP2266180A1 - Battery module

Info

Publication number: EP2266180A1
Application number: EP09729700A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hartmut Seiler; Volker Doege; Philipp Kohlrausch
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date: 2008-04-08
Filing date: 2009-03-16
Publication date: 2010-12-29
Also published as: DE102008054532A1; WO2009124826A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery module (1), comprising at least two battery cells (2a to 2i) and means (10) for limiting a lower discharge of the battery module, wherein the means (10) for limiting the lower discharge is implemented such that a lower threshold voltage (Umin) can be measured separately on at least one individual battery cell (2a to 2i) and if at least one battery cell (2a to 2i) falls below the lower threshold voltage (Umin), at least one action can be initiated.

Description

description

Title battery module

The invention relates to a battery module! according to the preamble of claims 1 and 12.

State of the art

Batteries, such as ls-sonic batteries, supply various facilities, e.g. B, hybrid vehicles, electrically powered vehicles such as Roiistöhie, bicycles with electric Hüfsantrieb, forklift or Eiektrowerkzeuge with electric power. Generally, multiple batteries are installed in a housing, thereby forming a battery module,

The housed in a housing, usually cylindrical Batteriezelien such. NIMH battery lines, U-ion battery lines or DLC battery cells (DLC: Doppeischschtkondensator), generally consist of several series-connected individual battery cells, each having a voltage of a few volts, z. B. 3.6 V {for Li-ion batteries) produce. The number of cells thus determines the rated voltage of the battery, the z. B, 12V or 38V.

Due to manufacturing tolerances and other influences (in particular temperature), the capacity or the internal resistance of the individual battery cells is of different sizes. These differences can increase as a result of aging processes in the life cycle of the battery system. Therefore, the state of charge of the battery cells drifts further and further apart over time. When charging the battery cell, weaker battery cells reach their upper charging voltage earlier than stronger battery tents. If the battery module continues to be charged in this state, it may overcharge and thus come to damage individual battery lines. Conversely, when discharging the battery case, there is a risk that individual battery cells will discharge below their minimum allowable battery voltage when the lower limit voltage is reached, thereby also being damaged. This is particularly critical as the failure of a single battalion may result in failure of the entire battery module. In addition, the battery lines can be reversed polarity or further damaged, so that it can lead to a Contaiπmentdurchbruch or to a destructive chain reaction within the battery module.

In order to protect individual battery lines or battery line groups in the charging operation against overvoltage, it is known to protect the BatteriezeÜen or -gruppeπ with Hsϊfe of Z-diodes from high voltage. A battery with a Schutzschsitung Z-diodes is known for example from US 2005/0225291 AI. In it, individual battery lines are bridged by a Zener diode.

If the voltage of the line {n) rises above the Z-voltage of the diode, the diode begins to conduct in Spermchtung and thus limits the _. Voltage of the battery line or group,

Zener diodes with a Z voltage of less than about 5 V have the disadvantage that they have a negative temperature gradient due to their design. That is, when they are heated in reverse side and by the current, their Z voltage continues to decrease. The Stromfiuss therefore increases. This can be very snowy! lead to the destruction of the Zener diode. Zener diodes with a Z voltage greater than about 5 V, on the other hand, have a positive temperature response, i. h, they become high-impedance in the reverse direction during a current flow and therefore protect themselves against overloading. Therefore, it is preferred that a plurality of battery cells are connected in parallel with a Z-Dsode which is N times a maximum Baitiezefienspsnnung, z. B. N may 4.1 V, as a Z-voltage. Although the parallel connection of a Zener diode with several battery cells rectifies this

Problem of the negative temperature, but has the disadvantage that the individual line voltages of Batteriezeiien a group may differ from each other. This may in turn lead to the overloading or total discharge of individual lines of the group. The protection circuit does not make it possible to easily prevent the deep discharge of battery cells. Disclosure of the invention

This object is achieved with a battery module comprising at least two Batierieaeüen and at least one means for limiting a lower discharge of the Batterieiemoduis, wherein the at least one means for limiting the lower discharge is designed so that separately at least a single Batterϊezesie, preferably at least two individual battery cells, the voltage of the at least one battery tents, preferably at least two Batlβriezeiien, is measurable and are and if the at least one measured voltage, preferably the at least two measured voltages, the at least one battery cell, preferably at least two battery lines, reaches a lower limit voltage or at least one process can be initiated, or with a battery module comprising at least two lines of baiterie and at least one means for limiting a lower discharge of the battery module, the at least one means for limiting the lower discharge is designed such that a lower determinable and / or definable and / or predefined limiting voltage can be measured separately for at least one individual battery, at least one process or at least one battery cell when the lower limit voltage is undershot ., a first process can be initiated.

In a further embodiment, the lower Grersz voltage can be measured separately for all battery cells.

In an additional variant, the at least one operation is an optical and / or audible signal to the user indicating to the user a voice or a discharge with a small remaining charge of the battery module. The user, e.g. As the driver of a motor vehicle, it can thus be seen that the battery module is completely or almost completely discharged.

In particular, the at least one process is a limit on the discharge of all battery cells. Thus, the discharge of the battery module is aborted, d, h. the battery module is switched off. In an additional embodiment, each of the at least one BatieriezeHö, preferably at least two Batieriezellen, each assigned a Differenzgiled for measuring the voltage of the at least one battery cell, preferably at least two Battβriezeüeπ.

In esner further embodiment, the at least one differential element, preferably at least two differential elements, a Müfiipiβxer for sequencing queries the voltage or voltages of at least one Batterieze ^ e, preferably the at least two Sstteriezefen assigned.

In a supplementary embodiment, the sequence or voltage supplied by the muftiplexer is comparable to the lower limit voltage by a comparator, and if at least one battery action is reached or undershot the lower limit voltage, the at least one process can be initiated.

Suitably, each of the at least one battery cell, preferably at least two batteries, is associated with one comparator and one reference voltage each.

In a variant of the at least one comparator, preferably at least two Kornparatoren, the voltage or voltages of at least one battery cell, preferably at least two battery cells, comparable with a lower limit voltage and at a reaching or

If the lower limit voltage is undershot by at least one battery line, the at least one process can be injected.

Preferably, each of the at least one battery cell, preferably at least two battery cells, is associated with one differential element and one comparator and when the lower limit voltage is reached or undershot by at least one battery cell, the at least one process can be initiated.

In a further embodiment, the battery module has no devices for switching off individual battery cells and / or bridging individual ones Batt on to protect battery cells from further discharge.

In an additional variant, the Batferiemodu! at least one device for limiting an upper charging voltage of the at least two

BatieriezeJien on and the at least one device for limiting the upper charging voltage is designed so that separately in at least one individual battery cell, preferably at least two Batteriezeüen, the upper charging voltage is measurable and at least when exceeding the upper Ladaspannung least a Batteriezelfe a

Measure or a second operation eineitbar is.

Battery module according to the invention, comprising at least two modules and at least one device for limiting an upper charge ό & r at least two battery cells, wherein the at least one device for the

Limiting the upper charge is designed so that separately in at least one individual Batteriezeüe, preferably at least two individual Bstteriazefen, the voltage of the at least one Balte riezeiie .. Preferably at least two Batteriezeiien, is measurable and if the at least one measured voltage, preferably at least two

Voltages which at least one battery line, preferably at least two battery cells, reaches or exceeds an upper determinable and / or definable and / or predetermined charging voltage, at least one measure or a second process can be introduced,

In particular, the upper charging voltage can be measured separately for all battery cells.

In a supplementary embodiment, the at least one measure is an optical and / or acoustic signal for the user, who is the user

Voilaυfiadυπg of Bafteriβmσduis indicates. The user can thus recognize the Voiiaufiadυng.

In a further variant, the at least one measure is a limitation of the charge of all battery lines. In a further embodiment, each of the at least one battery cell, preferably at least two battery cells, is each assigned a differential element for measuring the voltage of the at least one battery cell.

In a further refinement, a multiplexer for sequentially polling the voltage or voltages of the at least one battery cell, preferably at least two battery cells, is assigned to the at least one interference signal, preferably at least two differential components.

Suitably are of a comparator the sequential! The voltage or voltages supplied by the multiplexer can be compared with an upper charging voltage and when the upper charging voltage is reached or exceeded by at least one battery cell, the at least one measure or the second operation can be introduced.

in a supplementary variant, each of the at least one battery time, preferably at least two battery cells, is assigned one comparator and one reference voltage each.

Preferably, of the at least one comparator, preferably at least two comparators, the voltage or voltages of the at least one battery line, preferably at least two battery cells, comparable with an upper charging voltage and at a reaching or exceeding the upper charging voltage by at least one Batteriezeiie is at least one Measure unimaginable.

In a further embodiment, each of the at least one Batteπezeüs, preferably at least two Batteriezeiien, each a Differenzgiied and each associated with a comparator and at a reaching or exceeding the upper charging voltage by at least one Batteriezeiie is the at least one

Measure can be introduced.

In a supplementary embodiment, the battery module has no devices for switching off individual battery cells and / or for bridging individual battery cells in order to protect individual battery cells from further charging. Vorzυgsweise the at least two Batteπezeüeπ are connected in series.

In a further embodiment, at least two battery cells are connected in series and the battery module comprises several

Voltage limiting devices, which are each assigned to a group of one or more Batieriezeiten and limit their voltages, the Spannungsuπgsbegrenzungseinrichtungen άeraή are connected to the Batteriezelieπ that the upper charging voltage of each Batteriezβfle is determined uniquely.

In particular, the voltage limiting devices are arranged such that two adjacent battery groups have at least one battery cell in common.

In a further embodiment, a total of N + 1 voltage limiting devices are provided with a number of N BaiteriezelSeπ.

Suitably, at least part of the voltage limiting devices comprises a diode, in particular a Z-OJode.

In a further embodiment, at least M-1 Z-diodes are provided in the case of a number of H battery cells.

In a further variant, the Z diodes are each a group of several

Battery cell associated.

In a supplementary embodiment, at least one of the voltage limiting devices is realized as a voltage regulator.

In an additional embodiment, the voltage regulator comprises at least one comparator and a reference voltage.

Preferably, the voltage limiting devices are each connected in parallel to the associated battery time group. In a supplementary embodiment, a resistor is shaded in series in the current path of a voltage limiting device.

In particular, the resistor is a PTC resistor. 5

In a further embodiment, the Z-diodes used have a positive temperature response of their breakdown voltage.

In an additional variant, the positive Ternperaturgang is the

10 Ourchbruchspannung the Z-diodes is so large that the 2-Diodeπ when charging the battery cells can not be destroyed.

A motor vehicle comprises a battery module described in this patent application, in particular above. 5 hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a highly schematic representation of a Batteriemoduis with 0 means for limiting the lower limit voltage in a first

embodiment,

2 is a highly schematic representation of a battery case with means for limiting the lower limit voltage in a second embodiment 5 Ausführuπgsform

3 is a highly schematic representation of a battery case with means for limiting the lower limit voltage in a third embodiment. FIG

4 shows a schematic illustration of a battery module with a circuit for limiting the upper charging voltage in a first embodiment for use in combination with a battery module according to FIG. 1, 2 or 3, 5

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a battery module with a circuit for limiting the upper charging voltage In a second embodiment for use in combination with a battery module according to Fig. 1, 2 or 3 and

6 shows a schematic representation of a battery module with a circuit for limiting the upper charging voltage in a third embodiment for use in combination with a battery module according to FIG. 1, 2 or 3.

In FIGS. 1 to 3, a battery module 1 according to the invention with N ~ 9 in FIG

Series switched Batteriezeiien 2a to 2i shown. The battery cells 2a to 2i can also paraite! be switched (not shown). The battery module 1 is used for example in Hybπdkraftfahrzeugen or in Eiektrowerkzeugers. The battery cells 2 a to 2 t are arranged in a housing, not shown. Each individual Balteriezeüe 2a to 2i soü not lower than the lower

Limit voltage ü _m j _{π be} discharged.

The battery module shown in Fig. 1! 1 includes middle! 10 for limiting a lower discharge of the battery case 1 or means 10 for limiting the lower limit value U _m - _r! or the lower discharge voltage U _m iπ the

Batteriezeiien 2a to 2i of Batteriemoduis 1. The voltage U _ba »each individual ßatterjezeiie 2a to 2i is measured with the Differenzgliederπ 11a to 11s, which are each associated with a BatteriezeÜβ 2a to 2i. Thus, the difference of the potentials   negative slope and the positive terminal of each battery line 2a to 2i is formed by the difference gates 11a to 11i. One

MultipSeκer 12 asks sβquenzleii the voltages U _b a _tt the einzeineπ battery cells 2a to 2i & b, so that a comparator 13 can compare the queried voltages of the individual battery times 2a to 2i with a reference voltage 6. The reference voltage 6 or reference voltage source 6 represents a reference voltage available, ύ. H. the

Reference _voltage U _ret corresponds to the lower limit voltage Ü _m j _π . If at least one interrogated voltage U _{b8R is} less than the reference voltage U _t e _f , the comparator 13 is set to true. An unrepresented, higher-level Beikkononik is connected to the comparator 13, z. B. by means of an analog or serieiϊen interface, and detects the undershooting of the interrogated voltage ü _b3tt at least one Batteriezeiie 2a to 2s opposite the reference voltage U _re f and stops discharging the entire battery module 1, Beispieisweises is the superordinate electronics the Bordesektroπik a motor vehicle, veraπiasst that the BatteriernoduS 1 no more power is removed and the driver is the complete discharge of the battery module 1 is displayed.

In the second embodiment of a battery module i shown in FIG. 2, each Baiteriezeiie 2a to 2s each associated with a reference voltage 6a to 6i and a respective comparator 13a to 13s. As a result, the voltage Ubatt of each battery 2 to 2s can be directly compared with the associated reference voltage 8a to 6i and the associated comparator 13a to 13i. A logical ORG 14 is set to true if at least one battery cell 2a to 2s the voltage LW falls below the reference voltage IW. The Orgiied 14 is connected analogously to the first embodiment with a higher-level electronics (not shown).

In the third embodiment of the battery module 1 (FIG. 3), each battery line 2a to 2i is assigned one differential element 11a to 11i and one comparator 13a to 131. The comparators 13a to 13s compare the voltages Ubatt of the differential springs 11a to 11i A logical ORG 14 is set to true, provided that in at least one Batteriezeüe 2a to 2i, the voltage Ub ₃ "falls below the reference voltage U _re F. The Odergiied 14 is analogous to the first embodiment with a parent electronics connected (not dargesteift).

The means for limiting the lower limit voltage U _m , r, of the battery module 1 present in the above-described three embodiments of the battery case 1 can also be used analogously as a device for limiting an upper charge of the battery case 1 or as a device for

Limiting the upper charging voltage ü _{max of} the battery tents to serve 2 to 2i. For this purpose, only the reference voltage 6, 6a to 6i needs the upper charging voltage U _max to be made available and the comparator 13, 13a to 131 is set to true, provided the sampled voltage Ubatt is greater than the reference voltage U _r6 f-ömaχ. For battery cells 2a to 2i, which are Li-ion Battθriezeiieπ 2a to 2i, is approximately U _max -4.0 to 4.5 V and IW = 2, O to 2.8 V.

In order to limit the upper charging voltage IW, instead of the embodiment described above, the embodiment shown in FIGS

Voltage limiting device 3, 4 are used for a battery module 1. The voltage limiting device 3, 4 is used as an addition to d & n in FIGS. 1 to 3 illustrated embodiment of the Satteriemoduis 1. This has the advantage that when AufSadeπ of Sattsriemodυte 1 all battery tents 2a to 2i up to the upper charging voltage

U ax be charged and the charging process is not already canceled if a battery cell 2a to 2i has reached the upper charging voltage U _max according to the device for limiting the upper charging voltage U _m3X .

Fig. 4 shows a battery module 1 with a total of N = 9 battery cells 2a to 2i, each generating a Teilspannuπg of several volts. For charging the battery case 1, a charging voltage corresponding to N times the upper charging voltage U _mS χ (eg, 4.1 V) is applied to the battery terminals (terminals ^■ * - / -). If the current flow through the Satteriemαdυi 1 falls below a predetermined Minimaiwert, the charging process is completed. In order to prevent the voltage UW of a battery _cell 2a to 2i from _exceeding an upper charging voltage U _rπsx during charging operation, here an overvoltage protection circuit is provided comprising a plurality of Zener diodes 3a to 3h and two circuit limiting circuits 4a, 4b which supply the voltage U ^ the individual Batieriezelien 2a limited to 2i.

in the case of Li-ion battery cells 2a to 2i, the individual battery cavities 2a to 2i may be charged to a maximum of 4.0V to 4.5V. _By way of example, the following explanations relate to an upper charging voltage li _m3X of 4.1 V.

In the diagram shown is in each case two Battertezeiäen 2a to 2! associated with a Zener diode 3a to 3h, wherein the Zener diodes 3a to 3h are connected in parallel with the associated battery line group. In order to protect the battery cells 2a to 2i from overcharging, for each group there are two battery times, z, b.

[2a, 2b] or [2b, 2c], a Zener diode 3a to 3h with a Z voltage of 8.2 V - 2 ^* 4.1 V (hereinafter referred to as 2-diodes), when the 2-diodes 3a to 3h begin to conduct in the reverse direction, they are heated by the current. Due to the positive temperature coefficient of the Z Spaπnung increases and can, for, reach a value of SJ V at a temperature of 15O ⁰ C for example. This voltage is greater than 2 ^* 4.3 V = 8.8 V, so that the Z

Dio-the 3a to 3h thermally can not be overloaded.

The voltage regulators 4a and 4b are between positive battery settings {+) and the change node between the first two battery cells 2a, 2b, and the negative battery settings (-) and the set battery cells 2h and

2i connected.

The Z-diodes 3a to 3h are also arranged so that two associated, adjacent row groups, for. For example, [2a, 2b] and [2b, 2c], each have at least one battery cell 2 (eg, 2b) in common. That two neighbors

Groups of people [2a, 2b], [2b, 2c], [2c, 2d], ... overlap each other by at least one element. This results in a unique maximum voltage for each of the battery cells 2a to 2h, as will be explained in more detail below. In addition, the battery lines 2a and 21 are controlled by means of an active Spannungsbegrenzungsschaitung to the maximum voltage.

When one of the zener diodes 3 conducts in the reverse direction, it is heated by the flow of current. In order to prevent this Zener diode 3 from being strongly heated and thereby being destroyed, each Zener diode 3 is assigned a resistor 5 (FIGS. 5a to 5h). The resistors 5 are connected in Strompfacf of the Z-diodes 3 on the anode side. Of course, a cathode-side arrangement is possible.

A! S resistors are in particular PTC resistors (PTC: positive Temperaturkoefflzäeπt) suitable because they have an increasing resistance with increasing temperature. The Zener diodes 3 can thus be safely protected against overloading.

The battery line voltage U _& s _{tt of} the individual battery lines 2a to 2h at the end of the Aiifladephase when the sum voltage of all n battery lines the same π * U _ma χ (Umax = permissible upper tad voltage) is given by the following mathematical consideration:

The BatteriezeÜenspanπungen Ub _{38 of} the individual battery cells 2a to 2h are labeled Uzi, Uz2 _> Öz3, etc. For the first three lines 2a to 2c, the following equation system can thus be used;

U ₂₁ + U ₂₂ ≤ 2 ^• IW

U ₂₂ + Urs ≤ 2 ^• IW

U _Z1 + Uz ₂ + ... + Uz _n -I + U _ZR = n ^■ IW

This results in the unique solution U ^ = U ₂ 2 = U23 = Umax- öie upper Ladespanrsung IW is determined depending on the (temperature-dependent) Z- Sparsπung the Z diodes 3a to 3h. If one of the battery discharges U ₀₃ . exceeds the value IW {z- B. 4.1 V), the associated Z-Dϊode 3 becomes conductive. As a result, the battery lines 2 a to 2 i are aligned lower, so that all battery cells 2 a to 2 i have approximately the same voltage.

Fig. 5 shows a battery module 1 with a total of nine battery lines 2a to 2i and an alternative voltage limiting circuit. The circuit comprises N = Q Zener diodes 3a to 3i, of which five (3c to 3g) are associated with two battery cells 2, two (3a to 3b) each with three battery rows, and one (3h) with four battery cells. As a result, the upper charging voltage IW of each individual battery cell 2a to 2i is again clearly fixed.

The arrangement shown is just one of many possible embodiments. For reasons of simplicity and cost, it is preferable to provide as many as possible Z-diodes, e.g. B. N-1 identical Z-diodes, each bridging 2 Batteriezeiien. FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the Batieriemoduls 1 with a total of nine Battenezelien 2a to 2i _> two Spannungsbegreπzungsschaituπgen and nine Z-diodes, which are each associated with two Baiteriezeiiers 2. The battery cell groups [2a, 2b3, [2b, 2c], [20, 2 (1),] are respectively bridged by a Zener diode 3. In contrast to Fig. 4, the circuit is without PTC

Resistors executed. The voltage regulators 4a and 4b are in turn connected between the positive biasing terminal (+) and the terminal node between the first two battery cells 2a, 2b and the negative battery terminal (-) and the last battery cells 2h and 2 \.

The voltage regulator 4 can z. B, as a two-position controller, which comprise a comparator 13a, 13b, a reference voltage 6, a switching transistor 8 (8a, 8b), in particular a MOSFET, and a power resistor 9 (9a, 9b), as shown in the diagram. A power supply is designated by the numeral 7 (7a, 7b).

The details of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, unless otherwise stated,

considered in total with the battery module 1) according to the invention

Discharging and charging of battery modules 1 significantly improved. When unloading, and also with Lacien be due to different characteristics and aging, battery cells 2a is not discharged completely equal to 2i and charged, so that there are between ύ & n Batteriezelien 2a to 2i differences in the voltages U _ba "of Baiteπezefeπ 2a to 2i. With frequent unloading and loading, these differences increase because, for. B. with each discharge a weaker Baiterieze ^ 2a to 2i to one; additional Beirag is additionally unloaded. In the case of the invention Batteπemodui 1, the discharge is aborted, if a battery line 2a to 2i falls below a lower limit voltage U _mn , so that _falls below the

_{Limit voltage} U _miri of individual battery _cells 2a to 2s is not possible. This applies analogously to the charging, so that is a cost-effective solution available, which allows the life of Batteriernoduien 1 without a costly and expensive shutdown or bridging individual battery lines 2a to 2i.

Claims

claims

1. Battery mode! (1), comprising at least two Balte riezellen (2a to 2i) and at least one means (10) for limiting a lower discharge of Batteπ ^' emoάu! S {1), characterized in that the at least one means (10) for limiting the lower discharge is designed so that separately in at least one individual Satleriezeüe (2a to 2i) the voltage (U _batt } of at least one BatteriezeSSe (2a to 2s) is measurable and if the at least one measured voltage (ü _f ca _ft ) of at least a battery line (2a to 2i) a lower Grenzspan nuπg

(U _x i _π ) reaches or falls below, at least one process is einitbar.

2. Batteπ ^' emodui according to claim 1, characterized in that at all Batteriezelϊen (2a to 2i) separately, the lower limit voltage {U _m m) is measurable.

3. Battery module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that üer at least one operation an optical and / or acoustic signal for the

User is that indicates the user a full discharge or a discharge with a low Restiadung the battery module (1).

4. Battery mode! according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one process is a limitation of the discharge of all battery lines (2a to 2i).

5. Battery module according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the at least one battery tents (2a to 2i) is each assigned a difference quantity (11a to 11i) for measuring the voltage {U _bM } of the at least one battery line (2a Dis 2i),

6. Batteriemoduä according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one Differenzgüed (11a to 111) is associated with a Muitiplexer (12) for sequentially querying the voltage or voltage (U _b an) of at least one Batteriezeüe (2a to 2i).

7. Battβriemodui according to claim 6, characterized in that by a comparator {13} the sequenzieli supplied by the Multipiexer (12) voltage or voltages (IW) with the lower limit voltage (U _m ; n) are comparable and when falling below άer lower limit voltage

(Umin) by at least one Batteriezeiie (2a to 2i) of the at least one process is eiπieitbar.

8. Battery module according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each of the at least one battery cell (2a to 2i) is associated with a respective comparator (13a to 13t) and one reference voltage (Qa to 6a).

9. Baüerdiemodul according to claim S. characterized in that of the at least one comparator (13a to 13s), the voltage or voltages (U _bθlt ) of at least one Batteriezeüe (2a to 2i) with a lower limit voltage (U _m . _Π ) comparable is and upon reaching or falling below the lower limit voltage {U _m m) by at least one Batteriezeüe (2 a to 2 i) the at least one process can be initiated.

10. Battery module according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each of the at least one Batteriezete (2s to 2t) each have a difference element {11a to 11i) and a respective comparator (13a to 13s) is assigned and upon reaching or undershooting of the lower limit voltage (U ™ ,,) by at least one battery line (2a to 2i} the at least one process is esnleitbar.

11. Satterlemociui according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Batteriemodυi (1) has no devices for switching off individual Balteriezellen (2a to 2i) and / or for bridging individual battery cells (2a to 2s), thereby battery lines (2a to 2i) to prevent further discharge.

12. Batteriernodui (1), comprising at least two battery cells (2a to 2a) and at least one device for limiting an upper charge of the at least two battery tents (2a to 2i), characterized in that the at least one device for limiting the upper charge formed to that effect in that the voltage {U _bm ) of the at least one battery cell (2a to 2i) is measurable separately in at least one individual battery cell (2a to 2i) and if the at least one measured voltage (U _ba t _t ) of the at least one battery cell (2a to 2i) reaches or exceeds an upper charging voltage (Ur _03x ), at least one measure can be taken.

13. battery module according to claim 12, characterized in that in all battery cells (2a to 2i) separately, the upper charging voltage f LW) is measurable.

14. Battery module according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the at least one measure is an optical and / or acoustic signal to the user, which indicates the user a VolEaufiadurtg the battery module (1).

15. Battery mode! according to one or more of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the at least one measure a limit üer charge all

Battery is (2a to 2i).

18. battery module according to one or more of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that each of the at least one battery cell (2a to 2i) each have a differential element (1 Ia to 111) for measuring the voltage ClW) of the at least one Batteriezeiie (2a to

2I) is assigned.

17. Battery module according to claim 18, characterized in that the at least one differential element (11a to 11i) is associated with a Muitiplexer (12) for sequentially querying the voltage or voltage {U∞tt) of the at least one Batteriezeiie (2a to 21}.

18. Battery module according to claim 17, characterized in that from a comparator (13) the sequence of parts of the Multipiexer (12) supplied voltage or voltages (ü _ba ») with an upper charging voltage (ü _max ) are comparable and at a reaching or Exceeding oberen & r upper charging voltage (Umax) by at least one Batteriezeiie (2a to 2i), the at least one measure can be introduced.

19. Baüeriβmodu! according to one or more of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that each of the at least one Batteriezeiie (2a to 2i) is associated with a respective comparator (13a to 13i) and a respective reference voltage (8a to 8i).

20. Battery module according to claim 19, characterized in that from the at least one comparator (13a to 131) the voltage or voltages (U _{& att} ) of the at least one battery cell (2a to 2i) are comparable to an upper charging voltage (U _max ) when the upper charging voltage (U _max ) is reached or exceeded by at least one battery cell (2a to 2i), the at least one measure is capable of being conducted.

21. Battery module according to one or more of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that ^* l Q

each one of the at least one battery cell (2a to 21) is assigned one differeπzgiied (11a to 11s) mύ each have a comparator (13a to 13i) and bes reaching or exceeding the upper charging voltage (U _max ) by at least one Batteriezeüe {2a to 2i ) the at least one measure can be introduced.

22 battery module according to one or more of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that the BaUeriernoduϊ (1) has no devices for looking a Einzner battery lines (2a to 2i) and / or to bridge individual Batleriezeüen (2a to 2i) to individual battery cells (2a to 2i) before another

To protect charging.

23. Battery module according to one or more of claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the battery module (1) is designed according to one or more of claims 1 to 11.

24. Battery mode! according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two Batteήezeiien (2a to 2i) are connected in series.

25. Battery module according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized dsss at least two battery lines (2a to 2i) are connected in series and the Batteriemodui (1) mehr Spannungsbegrenzungseinrichtunge-n (3, 4} which jeweiis a group {[ 2a, 2b], [2b, 2c3, ...) are assigned from one or more battery cells (2a to 2i) and limit their voltages (U _b8 »), the voltage limiting devices (3, 4) being connected to the battery cells (2a to 2i) are verschaätet that the upper charging voltage (U _roaκ ) of each battery _Zeze (2a to 2I) is uniquely determined.