EP2265938A1 - Method and apparatus for detection of a particular material in an object by means of electromagnetic radiation - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for detection of a particular material in an object by means of electromagnetic radiationInfo
- Publication number
- EP2265938A1 EP2265938A1 EP09733361A EP09733361A EP2265938A1 EP 2265938 A1 EP2265938 A1 EP 2265938A1 EP 09733361 A EP09733361 A EP 09733361A EP 09733361 A EP09733361 A EP 09733361A EP 2265938 A1 EP2265938 A1 EP 2265938A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- intensities
- image
- complexity
- electromagnetic radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
- G01V5/228—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays using stereoscopic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
- G01N23/087—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays using polyenergetic X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/40—Imaging
- G01N2223/401—Imaging image processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/633—Specific applications or type of materials thickness, density, surface weight (unit area)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/639—Specific applications or type of materials material in a container
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting a specific material in an object, in particular in a piece of luggage, by means of electromagnetic radiation, in which the intensities of unabsorbed beams from at least three beam planes are measured and evaluated in associated detector arrangements.
- BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE First, a two-dimensional image of the object is created, then an area imaged on the image is selected for review based on the value of a material size, then an absorption thickness of the area is determined using a stored value and at the same time the corresponding thickness of the area is determined from spatial position data , which were determined solely from measured intensity values. By comparing the two determined values, it is then determined whether the suspected material actually exists.
- the intensities of two energy ranges are evaluated in the method in the so-called dual-energy method, with X-ray radiation being evaluated separately in energy ranges below (low range) and above (high range) of about 70 KeV.
- This advantageous method works differently from known CT scanners with a small number of fewer than 10 views, which are generated with a corresponding number of fixed radiation sources and fixed detectors. With this small number of views, a complex object can not be completely reconstructed for mathematical reasons. Therefore, it is limited to obtaining partial information from certain regions selected and reviewed from single views.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method of the generic type, which allows a more precise evaluation and thus improved detection performance.
- Another object is to provide an apparatus for carrying out a method according to the invention.
- the first object is achieved with the features of claim 1, the second object with the features of claim 2.
- the invention will be explained with reference to a preferred, as particularly advantageous embodiment, which is shown in simplified form. Show
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the device
- Figure 2 shows the section through a device in which the object of four
- Figure 4 shows the associated mass profile.
- the device shown in Figure 1 serves as a test system for security checking of objects 1, in particular of luggage, as carried out at airports.
- items 2 located in the items of luggage are checked for their safety relevance.
- the test facility contains as essential components stationary radiation sources 3.1-3.4 and the same number of associated detector arrangements, from which the intensities of the beams not absorbed by the object 1 are measured. At least three radiation sources 3.1-3.4 and associated detector arrangements are used, preferably 4 to 15 radiation sources, in particular 4 to 8, in the example it being 4.
- the radiation sources 3.1.-3.4 are arranged so that the objects 1 are each different Directions to obtain as much independent data as possible.
- the radiation sources 3.1-3.4 are arranged in the transport direction of the objects 1 at a distance one behind the other and on different sides of the radiation tunnel 6, through which the objects 1 are transported by a transport device, preferably a belt conveyor 7.
- beams are emitted in at least 3 preferably fan-shaped beam planes 5.1-5.4, which preferably run parallel to one another.
- X-rays are preferably emitted in an energy range up to a maximum of 140 KeV.
- the detector arrays contain dual detectors that measure the intensities of the unabsorbed radiation separately for high (> 70 KeV) and lower ( ⁇ 70 KeV) energies for the so-called dual-energy method.
- the inspection system includes an evaluation unit with a computer and a screen on which the generated images of the objects 1 and the objects 2 therein are displayed for additional visual inspection by an operator.
- an evaluation software is deposited, which checks according to the method described below, whether in the objects 1 items 2 made of certain materials are available:
- the object 1 to be examined is conveyed by the conveyor 7 into the examination area (beam tunnel 6), where it is irradiated by X-radiation from the X-radiation sources in at least three radiation planes.
- the radiation not absorbed by the object 1 is picked up by the associated X-ray detectors, converted into electrical signals that are digitized, and an image is generated according to the dual-energy method that contains specific material formations.
- a dual-energy method is not absolutely necessary if the measurement in only one energy range is sufficient to determine the desired material information.
- the X-ray image of the examined object 1 thus generated in a first evaluation step is now classified in terms of its complexity in a second evaluation step.
- Parameters for this classification can be: In step 1, metal content in the examination area, its brightness, as well as proportion and size of areas with equal intensity.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 an advantageous method for determining the complexity is sketched.
- simple regions E of low complexity within the object 1 are determined such that a mass profile is generated.
- the unabsorbed intensities measured by each detector arrangement are summed for the different layers of the object 1 which are guided through the radiation planes.
- the radiation planes and thus also the layers of an object 1 to be examined are perpendicular to the belt conveyor 7, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the summation of the unabsorbed intensities results in an object 1 in Figure 4 shown course. It is checked whether there are low-complexity, simple regions E in which the sum values of the intensities change only slightly or not.
- the further evaluation is carried out according to an algorithm which calculates a three-dimensional reconstruction of the examination object 1 from different views and carries out a material detection via the estimation of the attenuation coefficient ⁇ .
- a slice S to be examined is selected, which leads through the region E simple complexity.
- the area to be examined in the layer S is divided into a voxel grid V.
- the individual voxels can be cuboid with an edge length of approximately 3.5 mm and a depth that corresponds to the width of a detector row.
- the number of voxels to be examined is determined before the evaluation.
- the run length of the X-rays is then determined by the selected voxels.
- the attenuation coefficient ⁇ is finally determined by using the high-energy radiation with the aid of the absorption equation.
- the attenuation coefficient ⁇ is characteristic of the materials to be detected during the test.
- an algorithm is used to determine the material from the ratio of absorbance values at different X-ray energies.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008019754 | 2008-04-18 | ||
PCT/EP2009/002603 WO2009127353A1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-04-08 | Method and apparatus for detection of a particular material in an object by means of electromagnetic radiation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2265938A1 true EP2265938A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
Family
ID=40791328
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09733361A Ceased EP2265938A1 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-04-08 | Method and apparatus for detection of a particular material in an object by means of electromagnetic radiation |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9128200B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2265938A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2725217A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009127353A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202007019256U1 (en) | 2006-09-18 | 2012-01-31 | Optosecurity Inc. | Device for assessing the properties of liquids |
CA2651728C (en) | 2006-10-02 | 2012-04-17 | Optosecurity Inc. | Tray for use in assessing the threat status of an article at a security check point |
EP2210084A4 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2012-03-21 | Optosecurity Inc | Method and devices for assessing the threat status of an article at a security check point |
WO2010025539A1 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-11 | Optosecurity Inc. | Method and system for performing x-ray inspection of a liquid product at a security checkpoint |
US8831331B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2014-09-09 | Optosecurity Inc. | Method and system for performing X-ray inspection of a product at a security checkpoint using simulation |
EP2443441B8 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2017-11-22 | Optosecurity Inc. | Method and apparatus for assessing the threat status of luggage |
EP2459990A4 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2017-08-09 | Optosecurity Inc. | Method and system for identifying a liquid product in luggage or other receptacle |
DE102012201406A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-01 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | X-ray inspection system for the detection of certain materials in a test object |
CN104374783B (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-06-16 | 清华大学 | CT system and its method |
US10255671B1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2019-04-09 | Assembly Guidance Systems, Inc. | System and method for capture of high resolution/high magnification images |
CN115793077A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-03-14 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Intelligent luggage item security check system and method |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5319547A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1994-06-07 | Vivid Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for inspection of baggage and other objects |
US5367552A (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1994-11-22 | In Vision Technologies, Inc. | Automatic concealed object detection system having a pre-scan stage |
GB9122843D0 (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1991-12-11 | Imperial College | Method and apparatus for image processing |
US6018562A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 2000-01-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Apparatus and method for automatic recognition of concealed objects using multiple energy computed tomography |
US6088423A (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2000-07-11 | Vivid Technologies, Inc. | Multiview x-ray based system for detecting contraband such as in baggage |
US6567496B1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2003-05-20 | Sychev Boris S | Cargo inspection apparatus and process |
DE10149254B4 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2006-04-20 | Smiths Heimann Gmbh | Method and device for detecting a specific material in an object by means of electromagnetic radiation |
US7023956B2 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2006-04-04 | Lockheed Martin Corporaiton | Detection methods and system using sequenced technologies |
GB0525593D0 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2006-01-25 | Cxr Ltd | X-ray tomography inspection systems |
US20080063140A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2008-03-13 | William Awad | System and Method for Detecting the Presence of a Threat in a Package |
US7221732B1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2007-05-22 | Martin Annis | Method and apparatus for producing laminography images using a fixed x-ray source |
US7831012B2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2010-11-09 | L-3 Communications Security and Detection Systems Inc. | Radiation scanning systems and methods |
-
2009
- 2009-04-08 CA CA2725217A patent/CA2725217A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-08 WO PCT/EP2009/002603 patent/WO2009127353A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-04-08 EP EP09733361A patent/EP2265938A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-10-18 US US12/906,437 patent/US9128200B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009127353A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110091013A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
CA2725217A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
WO2009127353A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
US9128200B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 |
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