Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
  • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
  • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
  • F23G7/003—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles
  • F23G7/005—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles cars, vehicles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
  • F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
  • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
  • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
  • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

• This invention relates to the disposal and exploitation of refuse, in particular but not limited to materials such as: organic and non organic compost; compounds from the scrapping of automobiles, mass also known under the name of "car-fluff 1 ; white goods, electric and electronic equipment and the like; solid urban waste (SUW) coming from non differentiated deposits; in general any refuse containing both organic components and metal and/or inert components.
• Car-fluff is a material that remains following the milling and selection of car carcasses; operations aimed at extracting ferrous and non-ferrous metals comparable to waste from initial mass to be re-used in the metallurgical sector.
• the objective of this invention is instead to create the conditions for an effective disposal of waste, including the so-called car-fluff, with a profitable recovery of ferrous and non ferrous metals contained in it, basically cleaned again, and a simultaneous production of combustible gas able to feed a system for thermal and electric co-management, above all substantially without producing polluting substances.
• Such an objective is reached by means of a heat process that consists in: • loading the starting material into at least one closed and heated primary reactor;
• the gasses or steam can be used in part for self-consumption by the reactor and system and the rest to feed a boiler for at least the production of hot steam and/or hot water and, where envisaged, the steam can be used to feed a turbine for the production of electric energy and at the same time hot water for heating and/or conditioning (by means of the latest absorbers).
• the objective of the invention is likewise achieved with an apparatus for the heat treatment of scrap, including an organic fraction and inert materials and metals, that basically comprise; at least one primary reactor provided to receive the starting scrap, closed hermetically, operating in the absence of oxygen, heated externally up to the required temperature, not higher, to prime internally the molecular dissociation of the organic fractions with consequent production of gas and steam, leaving intact, not melted and not oxidized, residue/ashes containing inert materials and metals; means for transporting the gasses and steam exiting said primary reactor to a secondary reactor for their combustion and production of at least thermal energy; means for unloading, selecting and recovering the inert materials and metals from the primary reactor.
• the secondary reactor can be made up of a boiler at least for the production of steam and/or hot water connected to means to use the thermic content of the steam and/or the hot water.
• this apparatus comprises one or more primary reactors 11 , one secondary reactor 12, a system for the production of electric energy 13 and at least one heat exchanger 14 to recover the thermic content of the fumes before they are discharged into the atmosphere through the stack 15.
• Each primary reactor 11 can be associated with a load container 16 complete with a weighing system, provided to receive the start material and convey it under control into reactor itself by means of a conveyor 17 and a feed system which tends to keep out the air.
• the conveyor 17 is set up to collect the material from the bottom of the container; therefore it is the material deposited first that is collected thus avoiding dangerous stagnation.
• each primary reactor 11 is provided with a heating system, preferably the induction type, for heat treatment of the loaded material until the formation of gas or steam and ashes, that is to say residual solids.
• a heating system preferably the induction type
• Each primary reactor 11 can therefore be basically in the shape of an induction furnace, connected at the top to the secondary reactor 12 by means of insulated canalizing 18 with Sin gas flowing through it which generates following heat treatment.
• each primary reactor has a sealed outlet 19, to discharge the residue/ashes, which tends to exclude the entry of air, and which connects up to a container 20, fed by a hermetic transport system, acting also as a heat disperser, tending to exclude and/or limit the entrance of air, to collect inert residue and metals not blackened by oxidation.
• Each primary reactor will furthermore be equipped with means of control to manage the heating process of the starting mass correctly and in safety.
• the secondary reactor 12 is represented by a boiler for the production of high pressure steam designed to feed the system for the production of electric energy 13 that will include a turbine 21 , associated with an electric generator 22, the output of which is connected to a condenser 23.
• the heat exchanger 14 will be provided in connection to the secondary reactor 12 and the stack 13 with the interposition of a fan 24 for the controlled circulation of the aeriforms, of a dry scrubber for fumes 25 and a bag filter 26.
• the start material will be loaded into each primary reactor, which will be closed and already heated to a maximum temperature of 450-480 0 C, substantially oxygen absent and for a prolonged period of time of 6- 10 hours, and in any case sufficient to cause molecular disassociation of all the organic fraction present in the treated material, as in a batch or pseudocontiniuos process.
• the starting material is treated and generates combustible gas and steam from the organic fraction, including ashes, that is solid residue, containing various inert materials and metals.
• the organic fraction including ashes, that is solid residue, containing various inert materials and metals.
• there are no uncontrollable oxidative reactions which in general are the prime cause of the formation of highly toxic compost; the same applies to the traditional flame furnaces assigned for combustion/incineration of solid urban waste (SUW) with a high content both of organic and inert materials and metals. Therefore, with the process proposed herein avoids the formation of toxic substances such as: dioxins, furans, aldehydes, ketones, pm 10, and even the fearful and extremely dangerous, Nan particles, often reported and the cause for further pollution and damage to the environment.
• toxic substances such as: dioxins, furans, aldehydes, ketones, pm 10
• the combustible gasses exiting each primary reactor are transported hot and injected, together with an appropriate quantity of combustive air, into the secondary reactor, boiler or adiabatic chamber, for the production of high pressure steam.
• the combustive air may be preventively heated, about the same temperature of the gasses, by means of heat exchanger interacting with the combustion fumes of the boiler 14 it will be coupled to, so as to optimize the combustion process and in addition, achieve a recovery of the heat content of the fumes before they are sent to the stack 15 through the dry purifier 25 and the bag filter 26.
• the high pressure steam obtained in the boiler can be canalized and used to feed a steam turbine 21 and to operate, through this, a generator 22 for the production of electric energy.
• the exhausted steam in exit from the turbine will then pass through a condensator 23 for condensing so as to close the water circuit to be recycled in the system.
• a part of the steam in exit from the condensator may be tapped for heat exchange with a fluid circulating in heating or district heating systems.
• the combustible gasses in exit from each primary reactor may also be used in a boiler to heat diathermic oil placed in circulation to contribute to the heating of the primary reactors.
• the residual material of the third reactor will be transferred, heated using heating elements to a temperature of about 48O 0 C, to complete the molecular disassociation process and consequently the cracking process.
• this reactor which can be smaller in size compared with the others, will also take place in the final phase, which is the finishing of the process, the cracking of the carbonaceous fractions by blowing air through it for partial controlled oxidizing as described below.
• the secondary reactor or boiler 12 can be equipped, in the combustion chamber and close to the tube nest, a modern transparent ceramic material (silicon carbide - Porous Ceramic) heat exchanger and an open cell micro, capable of acting as a catalyst for the reforming of many substances and able to maintain the incandescent combustion steam at a high temperature for a lengthy period of time(considerable increase in stay time) favouring in this way complete oxidation and further improvement of the quality of the fumes discharged from the stack.
• a modern transparent ceramic material silicon carbide - Porous Ceramic
• the residue or ashes deriving from the heat treatment in each primary reactor will only contain inert loads (typical residue of the thermoplastics or the like), clean glass, earth and plaques and, mainly, non fused and non oxidized metals, perfectly cleaned and, as such, recyclable with a very high market value, after being separated and selected.
• inert loads typically residue of the thermoplastics or the like
• clean glass typically, clean glass
• earth and plaques typically, non fused and non oxidized metals
• This material is classified as a non harmful residue, on the contrary it can have a market value, even though low, but sufficient to justify being selected and recycled.
• its disposal in a reactor due to a formation of coke in the ashes that may reach important percentages, even over 20%, with a caloric content of about Kcal. 2.500/Kg.
• the total percentage of exchange oxygen must not exceed 6%. It has been observed and proved that in about one hour, just at the end of the process, this buffered and partial oxidation is sufficient to eliminate the presence of the coke and all the soot formations possibly present in the reactor.
• treatment of this kind of the pyrolysis coke does not alter the energetic balance, if anything positively, of the complete process; on the contrary it intervenes by varying the composition of the fumes which will have, although minimum, a higher carbon dioxide (CO2) content, absolutely justifiable and legal however, it being pyrolysis of vegetable products.
• CO2 carbon dioxide
• the components of the ashes, not very exploitable and/or not recyclable will be a very small quantities and may be disposed of in dumps without any risk of pollution or delivered to users of inert selected material (such as, for example, asphalters, mortar producers, etc.).
• inert selected material such as, for example, asphalters, mortar producers, etc.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-21 IT ITBS20070210 patent/ITBS20070210A1/it unknown
• 2008
  • 2008-10-03 WO PCT/IT2008/000628 patent/WO2009081434A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-10-03 RU RU2010129901/03A patent/RU2010129901A/ru unknown
  • 2008-10-03 EP EP08865485A patent/EP2231836A2/en not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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