EP2228514A1 - Amélioration de la production de pétrole brut à partir d'un réservoir d'huile à couches - Google Patents

Amélioration de la production de pétrole brut à partir d'un réservoir d'huile à couches Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2228514A1
EP2228514A1 EP09154794A EP09154794A EP2228514A1 EP 2228514 A1 EP2228514 A1 EP 2228514A1 EP 09154794 A EP09154794 A EP 09154794A EP 09154794 A EP09154794 A EP 09154794A EP 2228514 A1 EP2228514 A1 EP 2228514A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
injected
fluid
aqueous
aqueous liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09154794A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johan Jacobus Van Dorp
Xu Dong Jing
Shehadeh Khamis Masalmeh
Lingli Wei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP09154794A priority Critical patent/EP2228514A1/fr
Publication of EP2228514A1 publication Critical patent/EP2228514A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of improving the productivity and recovery of oil reservoirs.
  • the method comprises injecting viscosified aqueous liquid and miscible gas in reservoirs of high permeability contrast using vertical and/or horizontal wells and for a range of aqueous liquid viscosity and aqueous liquid/gaseous fluid ratio's.
  • the invention presents a novel solution to reservoirs of different levels of heterogeneity, both lateral and vertical heterogeneity, and different wettability characteristics (mixed-wet to oil-wet).
  • Fluid flow in porous media is governed by the interaction of viscous, gravity and capillary forces. It is well recognized that cross-flow has significant impact on sweep efficiency of immiscible displacement in layered reservoirs. Both gravity and viscous forces have been extensively studied in the literature. However, the impact of capillary forces is generally under-estimated in field simulation studies especially for carbonate reservoirs.
  • the current invention addresses both kind of heterogeneity (upper and lower zone permeability contrast and high/low permeability layers within the upper zone).
  • US patent 4,715,444 discloses a method of recovering hydrocarbons from an underground hydrocarbon-containing formation penetrated by at least an injection well and a production well, which method comprises the steps of:
  • the gaseous stream used in the known method can include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, light hydrocarbon gases or mixtures thereof, and the aqueous stream can be water or brine.
  • the aqueous stream tends to move towards the lower part of the formation, and the gaseous stream tends to move to the upper part of the formation.
  • an interference zone is created in which the aqueous stream and the gaseous stream mix. The mixture moves through the formation and provides a good sweep of the formation and a good recovery of oil from the formation.
  • the known method is applied in a reservoir consisting of a single layer.
  • the invention relates to a method of improving the productivity of a layered oil reservoir, which has an upper reservoir section that is more permeable to fluid flow than the lower reservoir section.
  • the invention is particularly suited for layered oil reservoirs having a zone that is more permeable than the other zones and where there is an impediment for water to flow from the upper to the lower reservoir section due to e.g. (vertical) permeability reduction at the interface or a capillary pressure barrier. It is also applicable for improving oil recovery from the low permeable layers inter-bedded within the more permeable reservoir unit.
  • the current invention aims to provide a method that is stable and robust to reservoir lateral and vertical heterogeneity using both vertical and horizontal well technology.
  • improved recovery can be achieved by either:
  • the current invention has the following aspects:
  • a method of improving the oil-productivity and recovery of a layered oil reservoir having an upper layer that is more permeable than a lower layer of the oil reservoir comprises:
  • the viscosity of the aqueous liquid is selected such that the pressure gradient in the injected aqueous liquid in the upper section forces cross flow of the injected fluids from the upper zone to the lower zone.
  • the viscosified aqueous liquid is injected through a first injection well and non-aqueous fluid is injected through a second injection well with a substantially horizontal permeable fluid transfer section through which the non-aqueous fluid is injected into the lower layer.
  • the first and second injection wells may be formed by substantially horizontal branches of a branched multilateral injection well.
  • the production well may also have a substantially horizontal fluid transfer section, which is oriented substantially parallel to the substantially horizontal fluid transfer section of the second injection well.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a layered subsurface oil reservoir 1.
  • the layered oil reservoir 1 comprises an upper layer 2 and a lower layer 3.
  • the upper layer 2 of the oil reservoir 1 is more permeable than the lower layer 3.
  • the layered reservoir is penetrated by a first injection well 5 and a second injection well 7, and by a production well 10 having a substantially horizontal perforated lower inflow section 10A.
  • a viscosified aqueous liquid is injected into the upper layer 2 of the layered reservoir 1.
  • a non-aqueous fluid that is miscible with the oil is injected through the second injection well 7 into the lower layer 3.
  • Produced oil is recovered from the layered oil reservoir 1 through the perforated lower inflow section 10A of the production well 10.
  • the streams can be injected through two strings in one well (not shown).
  • the viscosity of the aqueous liquid is so selected that
  • the required viscosity for the 3 cases described above can be calculated based on permeability contrast and characteristics of the injected gaseous fluid.
  • the required viscosity for the case 1 above pressure gradient in the upper layer 2 is equal or larger than that of the lower layer 3
  • q w ⁇ ⁇ w K u ⁇ k rw ⁇ h u ⁇ q g ⁇ ⁇ g K l ⁇ k rg ⁇ h l wherein the variables are listed in Table 1.
  • This condition can also be written as ⁇ w ⁇ ⁇ g q g q w ⁇ K u ⁇ k rw ⁇ h u K l ⁇ k rg ⁇ h l .
  • the ratio of the injection rates for aqueous liquid and non-aqueous fluid is suitably so selected that the rate of advance of the aqueous liquid (arrow 11) in the upper layer 2 is larger than or equal to the rate of advance of the non-aqueous fluid (arrow 12) in the lower layer 3. In this way the injected non-aqueous fluid is prevented from entering the upper layer 2.
  • the flow rate of the hydrocarbons (arrow 15) flowing through the more permeable upper layer 2 is much larger than the flow rate of the hydrocarbons (arrow 16) flowing through the less permeable lower layer 3.
  • the rate of advance of a fluid in a formation is proportional to the storage capacity of the formation.
  • condition q w q g ⁇ ⁇ u ⁇ h u ⁇ l ⁇ h l is met then the requirement that the pressure gradient in the upper reservoir layer 2 is larger than or equal to the pressure gradient in the lower reservoir layer 3 can be written as: ⁇ w ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ l ⁇ K u ⁇ k rw ⁇ u ⁇ K l ⁇ k rg .
  • ⁇ w D ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ l ⁇ K u ⁇ k rw ⁇ u ⁇ K l ⁇ k rg , wherein D is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the aqueous liquid is water, seawater or brine.
  • the viscosity of the aqueous liquid can be adjusted to the required amount by adding a suitable amount of a viscosifier to the aqueous liquid.
  • Polymers and surfactants are suitable viscosifiers.
  • the gaseous fluid can include carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and lower hydrocarbons.
  • the gas can also be a first contact miscible or multi-contact miscible.
  • a numerical model that comprises the most salient characteristics of an actual reservoir will serve to illustrate the merits of the invention.
  • About 60% of the original oil in place is in the lower layer 3.
  • the non-aqueous, miscible injection fluid (supplied through the second injection well 7) has (in-situ) a viscosity of 0.06 cP.
  • the injection rate of the non-aqueous, miscible fluid is 50% higher (subsurface volumes) than the injection rate of the aqueous liquid (supplied through the first injection well 5), and the viscosity of the aqueous liquid is adjusted to 4 cP. In this way the conditions of the invention have been complied with.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison between the method according to the present invention and a typical water flood.
  • the amount of liquid injected both aqueous and gaseous
  • the cumulative amount of oil produced (as a fraction of the original oil in place) and the water-cut (as a volume fraction of water in the mixture of water and oil)
  • the gas-oil-ratio in Mcuft at standard pressure and temperature per barrel of oil.
  • the forecasts were generated with a three dimensional numerical model, which simulated a line drive of horizontal injector(s)/producer(Solid line 20 shows the cumulative oil production for the method according to the present invention, and dashed line 21 shows the cumulative oil production for the water flood.
  • Solid line 24 shows the water-cut for the method according to the present invention and dashed line 25 shows the water-cut for the water flood.
  • Solid line 28 shows the gas-oil-ratio for the method according to the present invention and dashed line 29 shows the gas-oil-ratio for the water flood.
  • Figure 2 illustrates how oil production from a layered oil reservoir is enhanced by the method according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic three dimensional view of a layered oil reservoir 2,3 which is traversed at one side thereof by a production well 10 having a substantially horizontal inflow section 10A, and at an opposite side by a substantially vertical first injection well 5 and a second injection well 7, which second injection well 7 has a substantially horizontal permeable lower fluid transfer section 7A.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic three dimensional view of a layered oil reservoir 2,3 which is traversed by a production well 10 having a substantially horizontal inflow section 10A and a branched multilateral fluid injection well 5,7 having an upper substantially horizontal fluid injection branch 5A through which an aqueous liquid is injected into the upper layer, as illustrated by arrow H 2 O, and a lower substantially horizontal fluid injection branch 7A, through which a non-aqueous fluid is injected into the lower layer 3 as illustrated by arrow CO2 + H2S.
  • the substantially vertical upper section (5,7) of the branched multilateral fluid injection well may comprise co-axial or parallel liquid and fluid injection conduits (not shown) through which aqueous liquid is supplied to the upper branch 5A and through which non-aqueous fluid is supplied to the lower branch 7A.
  • Table 1 List of variables used in the equations.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP09154794A 2009-03-10 2009-03-10 Amélioration de la production de pétrole brut à partir d'un réservoir d'huile à couches Withdrawn EP2228514A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09154794A EP2228514A1 (fr) 2009-03-10 2009-03-10 Amélioration de la production de pétrole brut à partir d'un réservoir d'huile à couches

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09154794A EP2228514A1 (fr) 2009-03-10 2009-03-10 Amélioration de la production de pétrole brut à partir d'un réservoir d'huile à couches

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EP2228514A1 true EP2228514A1 (fr) 2010-09-15

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014194031A1 (fr) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Shell Oil Company Procédé permettant d'améliorer la récupération du pétrole d'une formation pétrolifère
CN104712295A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-06-17 中国地质大学（北京） 一种可视化水平井油藏填砂物理模型及系统
CN104929597A (zh) * 2015-06-10 2015-09-23 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种水平井化学驱开采方法
CN106703765A (zh) * 2017-01-09 2017-05-24 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种调整注采液位的可视化人工填砂驱油装置及其应用
WO2020165618A1 (fr) 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Total Sa Procédé de récupération de pétrole améliorée

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3269460A (en) * 1963-08-12 1966-08-30 Sun Oil Co Secondary recovery of petroleum
US3903967A (en) * 1974-09-23 1975-09-09 Texaco Inc Method for recovering viscous petroleum
US4375238A (en) * 1981-01-05 1983-03-01 Marathon Oil Company Method for recovery of oil from reservoirs of non-uniform permeability
US4715444A (en) 1986-10-27 1987-12-29 Atlantic Richfield Company Method for recovery of hydrocarbons
US4971150A (en) * 1989-10-11 1990-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Foam injection into a gravity override zone for improved hydrocarbon production
US5211231A (en) * 1991-12-19 1993-05-18 Mobil Oil Corporation In-situ cementation for profile control
US5314019A (en) * 1992-08-06 1994-05-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for treating formations
US20060180306A1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2006-08-17 Stone Herbert L Method for improved vertical sweep of oil reservervoirs

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3269460A (en) * 1963-08-12 1966-08-30 Sun Oil Co Secondary recovery of petroleum
US3903967A (en) * 1974-09-23 1975-09-09 Texaco Inc Method for recovering viscous petroleum
US4375238A (en) * 1981-01-05 1983-03-01 Marathon Oil Company Method for recovery of oil from reservoirs of non-uniform permeability
US4715444A (en) 1986-10-27 1987-12-29 Atlantic Richfield Company Method for recovery of hydrocarbons
US4971150A (en) * 1989-10-11 1990-11-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Foam injection into a gravity override zone for improved hydrocarbon production
US5211231A (en) * 1991-12-19 1993-05-18 Mobil Oil Corporation In-situ cementation for profile control
US5314019A (en) * 1992-08-06 1994-05-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Method for treating formations
US20060180306A1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2006-08-17 Stone Herbert L Method for improved vertical sweep of oil reservervoirs

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014194031A1 (fr) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Shell Oil Company Procédé permettant d'améliorer la récupération du pétrole d'une formation pétrolifère
CN105247165A (zh) * 2013-05-31 2016-01-13 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于提高从含油层中采油的采收率的方法
CN104712295A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2015-06-17 中国地质大学（北京） 一种可视化水平井油藏填砂物理模型及系统
CN104712295B (zh) * 2015-02-05 2018-04-20 中国地质大学（北京） 一种可视化水平井油藏填砂物理模型及系统
CN104929597A (zh) * 2015-06-10 2015-09-23 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种水平井化学驱开采方法
CN106703765A (zh) * 2017-01-09 2017-05-24 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种调整注采液位的可视化人工填砂驱油装置及其应用
WO2020165618A1 (fr) 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Total Sa Procédé de récupération de pétrole améliorée
US11713660B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-08-01 Totalenergies Se Method for recovering hydrocarbons

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