EP2227333A2

EP2227333A2 - Method and device for deep cleaning and/or peeling cereals

Info

Publication number: EP2227333A2
Application number: EP08855988A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Kezlach
Original assignee: Mermann Tatjana
Current assignee: Mermann Tatjana
Priority date: 2007-12-03
Filing date: 2008-12-03
Publication date: 2010-09-15
Also published as: WO2009071275A3; WO2009071275A2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a peeling device (3) that is suitable for producing peeled grains. It comprises a housing having a housing interior chamber and having an inlet (13) for applying a moistened grain, an outlet for chaff (14) and an outlet (15) for grains. At least one brush (9) is arranged in the housing interior chamber. Furthermore, a contact path for the grain is provided along the brush (9) between the inlet (13) and the outlet (15) for the grains. The outlet (14) allows for chaff separated from the grain to exit the housing interior chamber when the grain comes in contact with the brush (9). The outlet for the grains (15) allows for the kernel separated from the grain by passing the brush (9) to exit the housing interior chamber. Furthermore a unit is provided comprising a peeling device (3) according to the invention, a moistening device (1), and a connecting device (2) for transferring the moistened grains from the moistening device (1) into the peeling device (3), suitable for providing deep cleaned and/or peeled grains. Furthermore, a method is provided for preparing the grain for peeling and to peel the grain. Finally a cereal product is provided by the invention, that comprises a grain free of the fruit and seed chaff with a complete endosperm.

Description

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR DEEP CLEANING AND / OR CLOSING CEREALS

The following invention relates to apparatus and methods for the production of deep-cleaned or husked grain or to a plant for the preparation of the grain for the peeling, as well as to the obtained by the process deep-cleaned or peeled grain itself.

STATE OF THE ART

Numerous devices and methods are known from the prior art to free grain from its fruit and seed coat and grind the flour body to flour or to obtain a shell-free grain for consumption.

It is important that a cereal grain has a specific structure, are defined in the shell and core and different components. For example, wheat grain, which is the most important raw material for flour production, has the following structure: It consists of three essential parts: the fruit and seed coat - also called perisperm - as an outer coating, the seedling and the meal body, which is about 90% of the grain weight. The pericarp is the outermost shell, it is further subdivided from outside to inside a skin layer, a longitudinal cell layer, a transverse cell layer and a tube cell layer. Under the fruit shell lies the seed coat, which consists of a dye layer and a seed skin. The dye layer darkens the flour. These two layers are very valuable, they contain a large part of the minerals contained in the grain (up to 40%) and the bulk of the dietary fiber. Immediately below the seed coat is the hyaline membrane, which is waterproof and is followed by the so-called aleurone layer, which is already part of the so-called endosperm. "Endosperm" is understood to be endoderm cells, and in the aleurone layer surrounding the endosperm, vitamins, ferments and approximately 30% of the protein are contained in the grain.

When grinding and sieving the flour with the methods known from the prior art, the valuable components protein, minerals and ferments, together with the Aleuonschicht are largely removed.

German Patent No. 921659 describes a method for preparing wheat, rye or the like, wherein the said cereals are placed on a spin machine for processing and prepared by peeling and simultaneously crushing wheat, rye and other cereals of the

Water content of the husk of the cereal is kept at about 20% and that of the kernel at about 16%. This is achieved by simply wetting the cereal at a temperature of 42 ⁰ C in a preparer.

Another method for the pretreatment of oats or similar grains for Schlagentspelzung is known from the German Pat. No. 812145, which describes that oats is subjected to a pre-treatment with moisture and heat before de-wetting in a hammer by the cores to swell brought to burst by the increase in volume of the core, the shell and then with a light touch to dissolve the husks from the core. The procedure suggests that to reach necessary sources by a short, three-minute steaming and subsequent nets.

Further, DE 20 14 518 discloses a method for peeling cereal grains while moistening the kernels and removing the husks without breaking them, wherein the outer moistening of the kernels. caused by high relative velocity between a jet of water and the grains under uniform distribution. The first moistening process is carried out for a period of 5 minutes, then the husks are removed without breaking up and making flour and then the kernels with the husks are subjected to a further moistening process of 3 to 8 minutes duration. The device used for this purpose is a Zentrifugalbefeuchter, which is followed by a screw conveyor, at the

Discharge end of the inlet of a cleaning machine is connected, wherein the discharge opening of the cleaning machine for grains or husks, a further screw conveyor device is connected, which is provided with a moistening device.

Finally, US 3,744,399 discloses a method and apparatus for removing the outer shells of cereal grains by means of a moistening process which consists of subjecting the grains to moisture and mechanical stirring to grind the grains under pressure, wherein the pressure is maintained evenly so that the outer layer of the grain is detached by the pressure and the swelling of the outer layer.

Other known devices for peeling cereals are continuously operating vertical peeling machines or continuously operating horizontal peeling machines in which the grain is dried or wet grinding away from the shell, usually complete removal of the shell being accompanied by a loss of endosperm.

All the above-mentioned cereal preparation and peeling methods have in common that a disadvantageously high proportion of shells, together with parts of the valuable core, that is to say in the case of wheat with the aleurone layer and some meal body cells, is removed from the grain.

EPIPHANY

Based on this prior art, the present invention based on the object to provide an improved apparatus for producing a husked grain. This object is achieved by a device having the characterizing features of independent claims 1 and 12.

Further, the present invention, the object of providing an improved plant for the preparation of the grain for the production of a husked cereal grain ready to provide. This object is achieved by a system having the characterizing features of independent claim 17.

The object to provide an improved method for producing an improved cereal product is achieved by a method having the characterizing features of independent claims 24 and 25.

Finally, the task of providing an improved cereal product itself, achieved by the product obtained by the method according to the invention with the characterizing features of independent claim 21. Preferred embodiments and developments are described in the subclaims.

[0001-6] A first embodiment of the invention relates to the peeling device according to the invention, which is suitable for producing a husked grain. It comprises a housing with an interior in which are arranged the devices necessary for shelling the moistened crop, which are advantageously brushes which are not too hard. These are capable of mechanically treating the grain so that, if appropriate was pre-moistened so that it has taken a corresponding amount of water to exactly the outer shell - fruit and seed coat - from the flour body, respectively core to solve, easily in the brushing process, the shell gives off. Thus, advantageously, the aleurone layer can be retained, if desired, and the meal body does not lose by excessive abrasion of substance.

Another embodiment relates to the fact that the peeling device has a cylindrical interior.

Yet another embodiment describes that a screening device for the advantageous separation of the separated shells is provided by the core in the interior of the peeling device.

A next embodiment shows that a degree of peeling of the grain to be peeled grain can be adjusted. For this purpose, various parameters can be set to advantageously a lower degree of peeling, which includes only the separation of the fruit and seed coat from the grain, and a stronger peeling degree, which causes a separation of the fruit and seed coat and the aleurone layer of the grain, provide.

An embodiment of the device for the separate production of fruit and seed shells, aleurone layers and kernels of a cereal grain describes a series connection of two peeling devices, which advantageously provide different peeling degrees, so that different products can be produced in the first and the second peeling device.

Further, a plant suitable for preparing and producing a peeled

Grain is described in one embodiment. It comprises, in addition to the peeling device, a moistening device and a connecting device, wherein the connecting device has a grain outlet of the moistening device with an inlet for grain of the

Peeling device connects so that the grain can be fed immediately after moistening the peeling device.

Another embodiment describes that the moistening device is wasserbefüllbar and having a device for timed filling and emptying with grain and / or water, so that advantageously the exact required soak times for the grain can be met to the outer peel peel that are porous and swollen just off the core. The optimal soaking time can vary depending on the cereal; the required soaking time, which ensures that only the shell, but this very easily, can be solved by the core, can be determined experimentally for any desired grain, so that the loss of core substance can be minimized in the subsequent peeling device. Finally, a cereal product is described, which is advantageously characterized in that it is only freed from the fruit and seed coat and has a complete body of flour, so that eliminates flour losses during peeling.

Finally, a method for producing a cereal product is described in various embodiments, by means of which the beneficial healthy and provided with aleurone layer core of the grain can be obtained. Further embodiments of the method relate to the fact that the aleurone layer can also be separated off and used advantageously as a separate use as a nutritional supplement or the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The reference to the figures in the description serves to assist the description. Articles or parts of objects which are substantially the same or similar may be given the same reference numerals. The figures are merely a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a grain preparation and peeling plant according to the invention, comprising the peeling device according to the invention, FIG.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the moistening device which is a component of the system according to the invention, FIG.

Fig. 3a shows a cross-sectional view of a peeling device according to the invention, which is a component of Plant for preparing and peeling grain,

3b shows a cross-sectional view of an alternative peeling device according to the invention with rotating brushes,

FIG. 4 shows a production scheme for a peeled grain, FIG.

5 shows a side view of an alternative peeling device according to the invention,

6a shows a cross-sectional view of the peeling device according to the invention from FIG. 5 along B-B, FIG.

FIG. 6b shows a cross-sectional view of the peeling device according to the invention from FIG. 5 along A-A, FIG.

Fig. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternative humidifying device which is a component of the plant according to the invention,

8a shows a schematic view of a system arrangement according to the invention, which corresponds to that of FIG. 1, with moistening device C, conveying device D, separating device E and peeling device F,

FIGS. 8b to 8e show schematic views of further plant arrangements according to the invention with moistening device C, conveying device D, separating device E and peeling device F. DESCRIPTION

Basically, the present invention relates to a peeling device, with a peeled cereal grain can be obtained on a plant for

Preparation of the grain by soaking, as already described by Kezlach in the German patent application DE 10 2005 053 613 Al, and on the grain itself, which, when it is peeled, as described in the invention, a variety of uses can be supplied , The example of wheat, for example, yields uses for the production of healthy cereal products, from bread to pasta, all of which still contain the most valuable components of the cereal grain due to the retention of the aleurone layer when peeling off only the outer layer. This is an enormous problem of the grain industry is processed, which suffers from the separation of the shell from the grain until today, that the conventional methods always bring an enormous loss of the flour body with it.

In addition, a raw material for bioethanol production is provided by the method according to the invention, since the grain, which is freed from the only fiber-rich shell, is an excellent and improved energy carrier, which has the entire flour body together with aleurone layer.

Finally, the present invention comprises an overall process which provides a cleaned and completely cleared of the outer shells grain kernel, the flour meal is obtained in its entirety and can now be directly ground and processed into flour, without any steps for Schalenabsiebung between the raw and Feinmahlschritten would be required. The process according to the invention is thus extremely economical, since it has a markedly shorter time: the moistening times, which usually last from 6 to 26 hours, in the bunker of the conventional processes are eliminated; finally, the entire separation processes for the separation of shells and shell components are dispensed with. Milling requires fewer rolls, and the number of sieves for Mehlfraktionierung can be minimized.

In the method described below for removing the fruit and seed coat from the core of the cereal grain, which may be, for example, wheat grain, this is moistened, wherein the fruit and seed coat absorbs water in various ways, which, however, does not penetrate through the seed skin , Advantageously, therefore, is the channel that has emerged during the removal of the seedling in a conventional manner before the shell removal: Through this channel water penetrates in the moistening time described by Kezlach, possibly even in a longer moistening time, to the seed coat, and there is a molecular film of water providing the possibility of clean and easy peeling of the shell from the core by removing the loosened shell. The peeling process can, if necessary, be carried out in several steps. If the peeling is done by peeling or grinding, a first step can be used to remove an uppermost germinated layer by means of a two-step grinding, so that layers underneath are already hygienically pre-cleaned.

Depending on how much shell is to be removed from the grain, different of the devices described below may be used. The detachment of the loosened shell from the core by means of a brush is especially advantageous if a low degree of contamination of the cereal is present.

The device according to the invention therefore describes for carrying out the economic and with respect to the meal body resource-optimized method, a device for peeling, the interior of which comprises at least one brush, along which moves the grain, which is filled through an opening in the interior, in the interior. On its way in contact with the brush, the so-called contact section, the correspondingly moistened grain, which has a defined moisture content of the shell, is guided past the brushes. By moistening, only the porous outer shell of the grain was allowed to swell so that it could detach from the core. Now the brushes can easily mechanically loosen the shell from the core, drain the shell out through a screening device, and deliver the core to the core outlet.

In principle, therefore, the cereal grain moves along the brush between an inlet into the interior of the housing of the peeling device and the outlet for the cores.

Such a peeling device is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3a and 3b: Fig. 3a shows a cross section of the peeling device along the sectional view BB of Fig. 1 and makes it clear that the interior is cylindrical and that along a length at least a part of the cylindrical interior, an axis 8 is rotatably mounted: brushes 9 are arranged circumferentially on this.

Of course, a single brush be created circumferentially, but it can also, as Fig. 3b illustrates many brushes 9 have radially toward the wall of the interior and wing-like circumferentially a rotary or rotational axis 8 may be arranged. There are also the possibilities to use a brush turret with immovable brushes on the outer wall, or to arrange a movable brush or brushes on an inner rotor.

A screen should be arranged to separate the shells between the outlet for the cores and the brush and / or the outlet for the shells and the brush in the interior of the housing. The trays will fall through the sieve, they can be dried with hot air and can be transported away during the process. The distance between the wire and brush or brush and brush, which are opposite, may advantageously be 1 to 2 mm.

Fig. 3b shows the drum with an inner wall, which is designed as such a sieve 19, wherein the drum is on legs 18. The sieve here is a cylindrical sieve 19 which surrounds the brushes 9 arranged on the axis 8. In the present case, a surface of the brush at least at a distance of 2 mm from an inner wall of the interior of the housing and / or the screen 19 is spaced; the distance can be up to the thickness of a cereal grain.

It is also conceivable that the cylinder or the drum is interrupted in a segment on which a sieve is used to dissipate the dissolved shells. The cylindrical sieve can also be rotatably mounted. Finally, the peeling device can also have on the inner wall of the interior another brushing device - not shown figuratively - so that the grain to be peeled is passed between two brushes. Another brushing device may be arranged to face with its surface to a surface of the brush or the brushes, the brushing device of a Surface of the brush is at least 1 - 2 mm apart.

Advantageously, with the device according to the invention, the degree of peeling of a cereal grain can be adjusted by changing the relevant parameters. The hardness of the brush 9 and the circumferential speed of the brush rotor can be selected, the length of the interior and the contact line connected thereto, the contact time of the grain with the brush 9, the distance of the grain to the brush 9 or to the sieve, or also to the inner wall. due to higher pressure on the grain acts, if the distance between grain and wall or sieve is low. When a low degree of peeling is required, a peeling machine with brushes is used, while to achieve a greater degree of peeling, a peeling machine according to the invention can be combined with an upstream machine which operates on the grinding principle. To peel a cereal grain with a lower degree of peeling, therefore, means that only separation of the fruit and seed skin from the grain occurs, while a higher degree of peeling involves separating the fruit and seed skin and the aleurone layer from the grain.

In order to transport the grain in the interior of the peeling device, an active transport device can be provided, wherein the brushes are attached to the drive rotor so that the grains get a twist. Alternatively, it is conceivable to arrange the housing interior inclined. This is easily realized by means of an arrangement with legs. The device can also be tiltably mounted as needed, so that a transport mechanism for the grain is provided along the contact section. FIG. 5 shows an exemplary example of this

Peeling device 3, in which a funnel-shaped inlet 13 gives the moistened cereal grains into the interior of the peeling device 3. Here, the grains meet the rotating brush roller 9, which is around the

Rotary shaft 8 rotates. As can be seen from the sectional view along the line A-A in Fig. 5 of Fig. 6b, the brush roller 9 is arranged in a U-shaped upwardly open wall. In top-lying opening of the U-shaped wall baffles 20 are arranged, which ensure that grains that have covered the contact path between the rotating brush roller 9 and wall together with the bristles of the brush roller 9 and due to an emerging angular momentum, because of the strained Bristles are thrown upward, as soon as the bristles lose contact with the wall, are deflected along the baffles 20 in the direction of a collecting device 21, which receives the husked kernels and forwards to the outlet for cores 15.

The openings of the peeling plate can be smooth, so that the peeling plate mainly takes over a sieve function.

Alternatively, the openings can be provided with ridges: the separation of the shell from the core can be supported for example by a perforation or by a perforated U-shaped peeling plate 19 which is arranged adjacent to the U-shaped wall. The perforation may have burrs that rise counter to the direction of rotation of the brush roller 9, so that the cereal grains are rasped in addition to the brushing action, whereby the shell and fibers are separated from the grain and through the openings to the outlet for trays 14, shown in FIG. 5 is shown. This process is illustrated in Fig. 6a, which shows a sectional view taken along the line BB in Fig. 5. The cereal grains, which are guided together with the brush roller 9 about the axis of rotation 8 are released by the bristles of the brush roller 9 and the peeling plate 19 from the shell, so that the cores after covering the contact path between the brush roller 9 and the peeling plate 19 in the Opening the U-shaped wall are thrown upwards, are deflected by the baffles 20 in the direction of the catcher, and to further

Processing will be directed to the outlet for cores 15. The finned shells fall through the openings of the peeling plate 9, and from there reach the outlet for trays 14.

The distance between the ends of the brush hair of the brush 9 and the peeling plate 19 is adjustable between 0.2 and 10mm, preferably, the minimum distance is 1 to 3 mm and corresponds to a thickness of the grains to be processed. For oats, the distance may then be 1.5 to 2 mm, and for wheat, 2.5 to 3 mm. Because the

Brush roller is operated at up to 1000 revolutions per minute, both the brush and the centrifugal force exert a pressure on the grains with which they are pressed against the peeling plate 19. As a result of this pressure, the peeled / cleaned

Cores then thrown upwards as soon as the bristles of the brush roll leave the peeling sheet. Instead of the bristles rubber or other elastic materials can be used. With this peeling device, the extent of peeling can be set so low that it corresponds more to a cleaning.

Finally, a system of two or more peeling devices can be created in series are switched and provide the different degrees of peeling, so that even the aleurone layer can be obtained as a single product, since it remains in the first peel on the grain and is separated in the second device as a shell. This is particularly advantageous because the aleurone layer is important for the manufacture of cosmetics and as a food additive because of its valuable content.

It makes sense, therefore, the first peeling device has the lower degree of peeling and the second peeling device on the stronger peeling degree.

Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows a plant which is suitable for preparing and for producing a husked grain. It has the peeling device 3 according to the invention and a moistening device 1. These are connected to one another by a connecting device 2, which in the present case is a screw conveyor 2 ^Λ , since the screw conveyor 2 'connects a grain outlet 4 of the moistening device 1 to an inlet 13 for grain.

The grain to be husked is introduced through a grain inlet 4 into the moistening device 1, wherein the grain is covered by water 6, so that the husk of the cereal grain can absorb moisture.

The moistening device 1 can be designed differently.

A variant is an axial screw conveyor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, alternatively an inclined screw conveyor, a circulation conveyor or a moistening carousel is conceivable, which is illustrated in FIG. There, the grain inlet 4 is carried out batchwise in Carousel container 22, while the water inlet 5 takes place at a second station of the carousel. After one revolution, the soaked grain batch from the carousel container 22 in the last station in front of the grain inlet 4 is passed via an emptying device 23 to the outlet of the moistening device.

The humidification is described below using the example of wheat. For other cereals other times may apply, which can be determined experimentally. The physiological structure of the wheat grain must be taken into consideration: Moisten the grain by immersion for a dipping time of 6 ± 4 minutes, better of 6 + 0.5 minutes, or for well over 6 minutes, up to 30 minutes in the clear Chemical or additive-free water first causes the density of the shell of the grain, which is substantially lower than the density of the core, to absorb moisture quickly. Structural changes occur: pore volume of the shell pores and moisture absorption increase. It is of particular importance that the moistening be interrupted in time - therefore, the plant according to the invention has a corresponding timing, which is usefully coupled with a temperature control - and only moisture enters the shell, but not in the flour kernel. If it is ensured that only the shell has absorbed moisture, but the core still remains dry, the connection between the shell, in which case the layers up to the aleurone layer are meant, but not the aleurone layer itself and the underlying layer

Layers swell and the core remains dry. Thus, an easy detachment of the shell from the core is possible, it is only the food physiologically less valuable shell loosened and prepared for separation. The grain which has been introduced through the grain inlet into the interior of the moistening device 1 from FIG. 1 and which is subjected to moistening leaves the moistening device through the outlet 10 of the moistening device after the desired exposure time. As long as the grain remains in the moistening device 1, it can be advantageously, as shown in Fig. 1, with a screw 7 in the water to be turned over. Of course, the turning and tumbling of the grain can also be achieved by stirring mechanisms. The turning over of the grain 6 covered by water 6 is also shown in Fig. 2, in which the moistening device 1 is also shown mounted on legs as a drum. A level sensor dips into the water 6.

The water required for moistening is transferred through the water inlet 5, which may be connected in accordance with a pump, in the moistening device 1. The supplied water is pure water, respectively fresh water, without any chemical additives. Its level is maintained with the help of the sensor, which may be connected to a controller. Advantageously, the grain is cleaned in fresh water before it leaves the moistening device 1 through the outlet 10 and is transferred to a screw conveyor 2'2 ^Λ . When passing through the screw conveyor 2, which is provided with a slope, the remaining remaining surface water adhering to the grain flows away from the grain, leaving the screw conveyor 2 ^λ through the water outlet opening 17.

The inventive method provides that the water added to the device according to the invention is completely or almost completely absorbed by the grain. This advantageously leaves no or only a very low water supernatant, so no or very little polluted water.

In one embodiment, the humidification system is designed to receive 1000 kg of wheat for humidification; Humidification requires 60 1 of water. This corresponds to an addition of 5% by weight of water at a raw moisture content of 12% by weight of the total cereal grain. Dirt particles adhering to the cereal grain as well as chemical and biological contaminants are removed as the peels are separated. If particularly pure trays are required for further processing purposes, the cereal grains, which in the present case will be wheat grains, can be subjected to a special pre-cleaning before moistening.

The grain transported in the screw conveyor 2 'serving as a connecting device 2 upwards (with respect to the inclination) leaves the screw conveyor 2' through the outlet 12 and is transferred through the inlet 13 into the peeling device 3. The loosened shell is now detached in the peeling device 3 from the core by a horizontally arranged in the peeling device 3 axis of rotation 8 the grain in the, as shown in Fig. 3a and 3b, peeling device 3 rotates with a cylindrical interior and the grain on the brush. 9 drives past. By the helical rotation of the rotation axis 8, the shelled grains are driven from the inlet 13 of the peeling apparatus towards the outlet 15 for cores, being freed from shells on the traversed path called the contact line. A correspondingly arranged screening device 19, which is already present in the peeling device, allows the detached peels to pass through the peeling device 3 leave the outlet 14 (Fig. 3b), which in the present case is a downwardly tapering funnel, while the cores leave the peeling device 3 through the outlet 15 at the end of the traversed path along the axis of rotation 8.

[00068] By way of example, as shown in Figures 1-3, an apparatus can convert 25 tons of wheat per day or 1.04 tons of wheat per hour: The screw 3 can handle 1.04 tons per hour, which is 17.3 kg / hr. min corresponds. The wheat moves in the screw conveyor 3 within 6 minutes moistening time from the inlet 4 to the outlet 10. In the present case it may well be desirable to choose a dipping time of the grain of over 6 minutes, then the distance of the grain in the moistening system is correspondingly longer to choose or slow down. The screw conveyor can be operated continuously. If necessary, the humidifier can be cleaned before loading with a new batch of wheat.

A suitable screw in the humidification system may have a diameter of 0.4 m and a length of 1.5 m, a spiral step may be 0.2 m; a number of 7.2 spirals per above length may be provided. One speed may be 1.2 rpm; the drive is regulated. Of course, the person skilled in the art knows that other dimensions for the device, depending on the application, may be suitable. The grain is completely covered by water and the water level is kept constant; Water level controllers for this purpose can be provided. The water consumption is about 6% of the mass of the wheat. The water in the humidification system is completely renewed approximately every 6.4 hours in the proposed operation. The water is completely absorbed by the wheat, so there is no wastewater gives .

If necessary, can

Surface cleaning devices may be provided for receiving impurities floating on the surface.

The screw conveyor or connecting device 2 may have a diameter of 250 mm, it can promote the moistened wheat in the peeling device 3. Superficial water can be removed in the screw conveyor or connecting device 2 by applying a vacuum.

In the figures 8a to 8e alternative plant arrangements of the humidifying device 1, the connecting device 2 with water outlet 17 and grain outlet 12 and the peeling device 3 are shown.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 8a corresponds to the arrangement of Fig. 1. The arrangement in Fig. 8b differs in that the conveyor device or connecting device 2 is arranged vertically, wherein the moistened grain of the

Moistening device 1 is transported upward, where the separation between Körnerauslass 12 and water outlet 17 takes place. In FIG. 8c, the transport path runs along the conveying or connecting device 2 from top to bottom, and in FIG. 8d the moistening device 1 is integrated with the conveying or connecting device 2 with a moistening carousel. Likewise, Fig. 8e shows an integrated humidifying and conveying device 1 + 2, which may for example be an inclined screw conveyor, in which an upper section of the screw can be perforated, so that in the course of transport upwards excess Water can flow back.

The conveyor can thus be simultaneously formed as a drip and / or drying unit. In a conveyor belt corresponding Abtropf- and Rüttelabschnitte may be provided, and in the further course also sections in which drying takes place by inflation with tempered or non-tempered air or by suction. It is also conceivable to use a cyclone in which the moistened grains are separated from excess water.

At the end of a peeling process carried out with the above device according to the invention, grain cores are available which have a particularly high proportion of ferments, vitamins and minerals, since only the fruit and seed shells are separated off; if necessary, the aleurone shell is separated to supply them for separate use. In this respect, such a cereal product has a significantly improved composition with respect to the conventionally peeled kernels.

The cores thus obtained are only freed from the shells, which are themselves valuable raw material and can be used for livestock feeding or other further processing. The valuable aleurone layer and thus proteins and vitamins are not replaced by coarse mechanical separation of the shell. What remains is the soft, deep-clean, easy to process flour core of the grain, which still has all the necessary components of the core, which are about necessary To ensure a healthy diet with wholesome kernels or to economically produce correspondingly healthy cereal products as food or other products such as bioethanol. There is thus obtained a product of a fully husked grain having all minerals and vitamins of the raw grain including the aleurone layer. Advantageously, reduce the

Crop losses that would otherwise occur in conventional dry-working and peeling processes - the method described here merely dissolves the shell, if desired, while in the conventional, sometimes coarse, mechanical shell separation processes, the meal itself is affected ,

Furthermore, it is achieved that the core product provided in this way can be ground by simplified, cost-saving, single-handed grinding processes. Whether one or more generous milled must ultimately depends on the type of flour. In principle, however, it is no longer necessary to pass the grains several times over rollers and sieves and to grind and separate dishes; this is completely eliminated because the soft, cleaned core can be ground directly. The core product to be processed into flour, which was produced by means of the method according to the invention described herein and with the device according to the invention, is cleaned and clean in the course of grinding and meets high hygienic requirements. By pretreatment in a water bath pollutants such as soot, lead, spray and bacteria can be at least partially removed and the remaining of the shell pollutants are removed with this when peeling off the shell. The obtained high-quality core product, which has retained its aleurone layer, is advantageously long and readily storable, without losing much quality.

Of course, it is possible that in Fig. 1 shown moistening device 1, which is shown in cross-section in Figure 3, also to apply to running fresh water, so that an improved degree of purification can be achieved, if necessary.

Further, in a further process step, it is possible to further work up the core product obtained with the preceding steps and to remove the aleurone layer in order to supply this separate use. It can be easily removed from the peeled by means of the device according to the invention grain and serves as a natural supplier of vitamins and minerals. In the production of pulp, the aleurone layer can be removed together with the seedling as bran by subjecting the core product to a single or, compared to the prior art, a reduced number of milling steps.

Basically, the cereal product peeled by means of the peeling apparatus according to the invention comprises the steps of moistening a cereal grain by complete immersion in water free of chemical additives until the shell reaches a moisture of 30-40% relative to the original moisture Shell and the separation of at least the fruit and the seed coat from the flour body of the grain, by the grain after the

Moistening is placed in the peeling device and the brushes are put into operation in the peeling device.

Further, the overall method for producing the cereal product according to the invention can be described by using the plant according to the invention of Fig. 1 or another embodiment to prepare the grain for peeling, and moistening the cereal grain in the moistening device 1 by immersed in water for at least 6 ± 4 minutes, in particular 6 ± 0.5 minutes, is transferred by means of the screws into the peeling device 2 and the husks are separated from the kernel of the cereal grain by brushing the moistened cereal grain.

Embodiments of the method may therefore be such as to produce a plurality of products, the product of the cereal grain being understood to be not only its core but also its shell, which at a selected percentage, based on the total weight of the cereal grain, can be replaced and won. An analysis of the dishes gives corresponding ash contents, as indicated in Table 1:

Table 1

Removed ash ash product husks raw wheat

[Wt. %] [Wt. %] [Wt. %]

Fruit peel production 0-5 was 1.98, 1.93 (2.78) t 1

Fruit and 5-8 was 1, 98 1 - 1, 3 seed coat product 3

Peel and 8-18 was 1, 98 0.6 - 1 aleurone layer product 6

[00085] For the product: "core", without the prior to the deep cleaning and peeling process according to the invention Conventionally removed seedling, the following parameters moisture content / water content and mineral content, which is indicated by the ash analysis, relevant. The ash content can be peeled and unpeeled grains in the comparison peel back on the peel effect or the degree of peeling. Moisture of the core is important for shelf life, especially for use of the core as a foodstuff, since the bacterial counts are correlated with humidity. These have to be very low when it comes to food. After the core according to the invention has been obtained, a corresponding fractionation can be carried out so that all cores of the same degree of peeling are sorted. Then each fraction can be hygienically packaged by means of vacuum technology and used directly and directly for the production of foodstuffs.

Fig. 4 demonstrates a production scheme for grain in which 3 - 5% dishes, see product 1 of Table 1, have been removed. Corresponding ash contents of the products 1 or IA are indicated.

The peeled core has numerous vitamins that promote the growth of the body, including vitamins Bl, B2, C and E. It also contains valuable minerals such as magnesium and calcium and also iodine for the construction of bones and teeth. Its soluble and insoluble fibers promote digestion and intestinal activity; The polyunsaturated fatty acids present have a positive effect on the cholesterol level and can reduce arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, the minerals contained are important for the growth and renewal of the cells. The aleurone layer, a marginal layer of cereal grain lying between endosperm (inside) and seed coat (outside), only a few Weight percent of the grain, contains most vitamins and trace elements, such as 82% of niacin and 61% of minerals, besides proteins and fiber. In addition to the germ, it is the nutritionally most valuable constituent of the grain and serves as a nutrient store in the grain and contains approximately 30% of the protein and is rich in enzymes and vitamins.

Advantageously, therefore, in the process according to the invention, the aleurone layer can be retained on the core and thus make a valuable nutritional contribution, which is greater than the contribution afforded by excerpts from grain whose aleurone layer was removed together with the seedling as bran.

[00089] The others indicated in Table 1

Peel products are particularly advantageously free of flour fractions and can therefore be freed of impurities and further processed by an economic washing process downstream of the peeling process. In question for this is the use as a nutritional supplement and processing in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.

Advantageously, with the products produced, in particular with the grain, pasta and bakery products such as pasta and bread, but also products such as snacks, yogurts, bars, muesli, can be created with a whole core. Healthy white bread and cake can now be created with increased mineral and vitamin content. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. Peeling device (3), suitable for producing a peeled grain of grain, comprising a housing with a housing interior and with an inlet (13) for applying a moistened grain of grain, an outlet for shells (14) and an outlet for kernels (15), characterized in that

- at least one brush (9) is arranged in the housing interior, - a contact path for the grain along the

Brush (9) is provided between the inlet (13) and the outlet (15) for the kernels, the outlet for the shells (14) being suitable for removing a shell from the grain when the brush comes into contact with the grain To allow the interior of the housing to exit, and the outlet for the cores (15) is suitable for allowing a core that has been detached from the grain when the brush passes through to exit the interior of the housing.

2. Peeling device (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that one wall of the interior is at least partially cylindrical.

3. Peeling device (3) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an axis (8) is rotatably mounted along a length of at least part of the at least partial cylindrical interior and wherein the at least one brush (9) is mounted circumferentially on the axis (8 ) is arranged.

4. Peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that

- the interior of the housing is inclined or is mounted so that it can be tilted, and/or - The brushes (9) are arranged in relation to the drive rotor in such a way that the grain receives an angular momentum, so that a transport mechanism for the grain along the contact path is provided.

5. Peeling device (3) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the peeling device (3) has a substantially U-shaped cross section, with inclined baffles being arranged on an upper, open side of the peeling device (3), baffles having an inclination have, wherein grains emerging from the peeling device (9) on the open side can be guided back into the peeling device by the angular momentum.

6. Peeling device (3) according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the inclination of the guide plates provides a transport mechanism for further movement of the returned grain grains along the contact path.

7. Peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a large number of individual brushes (9) are arranged circumferentially on the axis (8).

8. Peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between the outlet (15) for the cores and the at least one brush (9) and / or the outlet (14) for the shells and the at least one Brush (9) a sieve is arranged in the interior of the housing.

9. Peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a surface of the brush (9) with a distance of 1 - 5 mm, preferably 1 - 2 mm, is spaced from an inner wall of the interior of the housing and/or the screen.

10. Peeling device (3) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the sieve is a cylindrical sieve and coaxially surrounds the axis of rotation (8) provided with the brush (9) / the brushes (9).

11. Peeling device (3) according to claim 10, characterized in that the cylindrical sieve is rotatably mounted.

12. Peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the wall of the interior has at least rubbing or peeling surfaces, the rubbing or peeling surfaces comprising a perforation in the wall of the interior.

13. Peeling device (3) according to claim 12, characterized in that the perforation has ridges pointing in the direction of the bust (9).

14. Peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to

13. characterized in that a second brushing device is at least partially arranged on an inner wall of the housing in such a way that at least partially a surface of the second brushing device faces a surface of the brush (9), the brushing device being at least from one surface of the brush (9). is spaced at the distance of the thickness of a grain of grain.

15. Peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to

14. characterized in that a degree of peeling of a grain of grain is determined by changing at least one of the The following parameters can be set:

- a hardness of at least one brush,

- a peripheral speed of a rotor of the brush (9),

- a length of the contact distance, - a contact time of the grain with the brush (9),

- a form of perforation,

- a burr height of the perforation

- a spacing of the brush (9), the sieve (19), the inner wall, and/or the brushing device from a passing grain, whereby a lower degree of peeling involves separating only the fruit and seed shell from the grain and a greater degree of peeling involves separating the Fruit and seed shell and the aleurone layer of the grain.

16. Peeling system, suitable for the separate production of fruit and seed shells, aleurone layers and kernels of a grain, characterized in that it has at least a first peeling device (3) and a second peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to 15 or a second peeling device (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and comprising a first grinding or polishing peeling device connected in series, the first peeling device (3) providing the lower degree of peeling and the second peeling device (3) providing the greater degree of peeling.

17. Plant, suitable for providing deeply cleaned and / or peeled grain, characterized in that the plant has at least one peeling device (3) according to one of claims 1 to 15,

- a humidification device (1), - a connecting device (2) for transferring the moistened grain from the moistening device (1) into the peeling device (3),

18. Plant according to claim 17, characterized in that the connecting device (2) has a grain outlet (4).

Humidifying device (1) connects to an inlet (13) of the peeling device (3) for grain.

19. Claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the humidification device (1) has a circulation device.

20. Plant according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the humidification device (1) can be filled with water and has a device for time-controlled filling and emptying with grain and / or water (6).

21. System according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the humidification device (1) has a

Device for temperature control and temperature control of the water (6) and/or a level sensor.

22. System according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the connecting device (2).

Screw conveyor (2 ^λ ), in particular an inclined screw conveyor (2 ^λ ).

23. Plant according to claim 22, characterized in that the screw conveyor (3) has a water outlet opening (17).

24. Method for deep cleaning and/or peeling of cereal grains using the system device according to one of claims 17 to 23, comprising the steps:

- moistening a grain of grain by completely immersing it in water that is free of chemical additives until the shell moisture is 10 - 40% higher than before moistening, - separating at least the fruit and seed coat from the endosperm of the grain by the grain is placed in the peeling device (3) after moistening and the brushes (9) in the peeling device (3) are put into operation.

25. Method according to claim comprising the steps:

- transferring the grain into the moistening device (1),

- moistening the grain in the moistening device (1) by immersing the grain in water for at least a period of 6 ± 4 minutes, in particular 6 ± 0.5 minutes,

- Transferring the moistened grain into the peeling device (3) using the connecting device (2), - Separating the shells from the core of the grain by brushing the moistened grain.

26. Cereal product, obtainable by the method of claim 24 or 25 one of the claims, characterized in that the cereal product is one of the

Cereal grain with a complete endosperm freed from the fruit and seed shell or a fruit and seed shell freed from the endosperm.

27. Cereal product according to claim 26, characterized in that the cereal grain freed from the fruit and seed shell is also freed from the aleurone layer.

28. Cereal product according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the grain is a grain of wheat.