EP2226245B1 - Drive system for a ship - Google Patents

Drive system for a ship Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2226245B1
EP2226245B1 EP09003167A EP09003167A EP2226245B1 EP 2226245 B1 EP2226245 B1 EP 2226245B1 EP 09003167 A EP09003167 A EP 09003167A EP 09003167 A EP09003167 A EP 09003167A EP 2226245 B1 EP2226245 B1 EP 2226245B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
propeller
drive system
drive
electric drives
control unit
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EP09003167A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2226245A1 (en
Inventor
Claus-D. Christophel
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to AT09003167T priority Critical patent/ATE555980T1/en
Priority to EP09003167A priority patent/EP2226245B1/en
Priority to PL09003167T priority patent/PL2226245T3/en
Priority to ES09003167T priority patent/ES2385385T3/en
Priority to DK09003167.5T priority patent/DK2226245T3/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/EP2010/000901 priority patent/WO2010099860A1/en
Publication of EP2226245A1 publication Critical patent/EP2226245A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2226245B1 publication Critical patent/EP2226245B1/en
Priority to HRP20120595AT priority patent/HRP20120595T1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
    • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
    • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
    • B63H2023/245—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric with two or more electric motors directly acting on a single drive shaft, e.g. plurality of electric rotors mounted on one common shaft, or plurality of electric motors arranged coaxially one behind the other with rotor shafts coupled together

Definitions

  • the invention understood a drive system for a ship.
  • Ships of the type in question are designed, in particular, as inland vessels, that is to say freighters operating on inland waters.
  • Such inland vessels have as a drive unit to a diesel engine, with which one or more drive shafts are driven, each with a propeller.
  • the design of the drive power is always carried out so that it is designed for the largest possible load case, namely the uphill with fully loaded ship, to always have a power reserve available, which ensures maneuvering of the ship even under the most unfavorable conditions.
  • the disadvantage here is that in most modes, in particular the mode of descent and the mode of channel travel only a small fraction of the power generated is needed, so that the drive unit is operated in an energetically unfavorable partial travel operation.
  • a major disadvantage is that the constant power setting in the individual modes is not adapted to the propeller. For example, cavitation may occur due to excessive power supply to the propeller. A Such cavitation not only reduces the efficiency of the propeller. Rather, caused by cavitation erosion serious damage to the propeller, especially on the propeller blades occur.
  • the WO 2008/145684 A1 relates to a method of operating a hybrid propulsion system of a ship.
  • the ship has at least one electric motor and at least one internal combustion engine, in particular a gas turbine, as drive units which, depending on requirements, for example the ship's speed, individually or in combination drive at least one propulsion unit, for example a propeller, of the ship.
  • the drive units will be controlled in terms of their respective power output a the at least one propulsion unit by a control device in response to a predetermined setpoint value, for example, a target value for the propeller speed or the ship speed, and a predetermined mode such that the sum of this power output one of the Setpoint dependent total power is delivered to the at least one propulsion unit, wherein the distribution of this total power output on the power outputs of the individual drive units in dependence on the desired value and the mode is carried out.
  • a predetermined setpoint value for example, a target value for the propeller speed or the ship speed
  • the invention has for its object to provide a drive system for a ship, by means of which an improvement in the efficiency of the operation of the ship is achieved.
  • the drive system according to the invention for a ship comprises at least one drive shaft with a propeller, an arrangement of electric drives arranged on the drive shaft, an arrangement of generators for supplying energy to the electric drives and a control unit.
  • the control unit is the power supplied to the propeller via the electric drives depending on the characteristic of the propeller, which speed-dependent defines the maximum achievable thrust of the propeller controllable.
  • the propeller adapted to the characteristic just as much power supplied as the propeller can handle, that can implement in thrust. It is essential here that characteristic quantities as a measure of the actual speed-dependent required power of the propeller can be derived directly or indirectly from the drive components in the form of electric drives, which are used in the control unit as feedback for an exact, demand-based power supply to the propeller can.
  • Particularly advantageous means for detecting the ship speed and / or the rotational speed of the electric drives are provided, wherein the electrical drives are controlled by the control unit depending on the measured values obtained thereby.
  • the optimum power value for the electric drives for controlling the propeller can be specified for each propeller speed using the characteristic curve of the propeller in the control unit.
  • cavitation phenomena on the propeller can be avoided by the control according to the invention. This avoids wear caused by cavitation or damage caused by cavitation erosion of the propeller.
  • the drive system according to the invention can be used for ships of various kinds, in particular for ships that are used in coastal waters and rivers, such as workboats and ferries.
  • the use of the drive system according to the invention is particularly advantageous where, due to legal provisions, new ships may no longer be equipped with diesel engines. Examples are newbuildings in Norwegian fjords.
  • the drive system according to the invention is also used particularly advantageously for inland vessels.
  • inventive control of the electric drives is compared with known drive systems for inland vessels, the use only diesel engines, a particularly high increase in the efficiency and thus the efficiency of the drive system obtained.
  • an emergency stop can be carried out by means of the control unit.
  • Landing is a serious problem, especially for inland vessels designed to be cargo ships.
  • Experience has shown that at least once a year, such operations are likely to occur in the typical operation of an inland waterway vessel.
  • known inland vessels which work with diesel engines as drives, can not respond to such a run due to timely, which not only leads to considerable damage to the propeller and the drive shaft and the bearings of the drive shaft.
  • the emergence can be detected early due to the evaluation of the parameters of the electric drives, so that damage to the propeller and the associated drive shaft can be avoided or at least kept within limits by an immediately initiated emergency stop in the form of a controlled braking operation ,
  • Trailing-free braking operations of the propeller can be carried out particularly advantageously by means of the control unit. This is achieved by a continuous speed-dependent control of the electric drives by the control unit.
  • the electric drives can be braked by default delay profiles continuously to a standstill, the propeller movement follows this braking operation without a trace until the propeller comes to a standstill. Thereafter, if necessary, the propeller can be accelerated again without delay in the other direction of movement.
  • Such a controlled braking operation is particularly advantageous when performing an emergency stop, since there may result in an impending emergence due to an uncontrolled propeller movement to considerable damage.
  • electrical drives for the drive system according to the invention are particularly suitable electrical direct drives such as torque motors, particularly advantageous directly mounted on the drive shaft hollow shaft torque motors.
  • torque motors have the advantage that they deliver a high torque at very low speeds, so that they deliver an effective power transmission to the propeller from the state in order to be able to control it precisely throughout the entire speed range.
  • Each electric drive is advantageously assigned an inverter, by means of which the electric drive can be controlled in dependence on control commands of the control unit.
  • drive parameters such as the rotational speed and the torque of the electric drive can be detected in the inverter, wherein these input variables form the control performed in the control unit.
  • the drive system according to the invention has a redundant arrangement of separately activatable and deactivatable generators and a redundant arrangement of separately activatable and deactivatable electrical drives.
  • the drive system can also have a plurality of drive shafts with a propeller, in which case each drive shaft has a redundant arrangement of electric drives.
  • the control of the components of the drive system is not only such that the reliability of the drive system is ensured. Rather, the control is also such that the most energy-efficient operation of the drive system is ensured.
  • a suitable number of electric drives on the or each drive shaft is activated depending on the currently required drive power.
  • a suitable number of generators is activated according to the current energy demand.
  • the preferably each consisting of a diesel engine and an electric generator generators are selectively activated so that they can be operated at their optimum operating points, so that the operation of the generators is optimized in terms of their energy consumption and power output.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the drive system 1 according to the invention for a ship.
  • the ship is an inland vessel, which is designed as a cargo ship.
  • the drive system 1 has two propellers 2 in the present case, each propeller 2 being arranged at the end of a drive shaft 3.
  • the propellers 2 are identical in the present case and have an array of propeller blades 2a arranged at regular angles to one another.
  • each drive shaft To drive the propeller 2 3 three electric drives 4 are provided on each drive shaft.
  • the electric drives 4 of a drive shaft 3 form a redundant drive unit for the associated propeller 2 to be driven.
  • the individual electric drives 4 may be identical or different.
  • 4 electric motors are used as electric drives that generate high torques even at low speeds.
  • the electric drives 4 are designed as hollow shaft motors, which can be arranged as direct drives on the drive shaft 3.
  • a clutch 5 is provided on each drive shaft 3 between the electric drive 4 and the propeller 2.
  • Each electric drive 4 is preceded by an inverter 6.
  • a pressure bearing not shown, may be provided.
  • the electric drives 4 are expediently stored in foundations.
  • the voltage is supplied via a DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
  • a DC voltage provided in the DC intermediate circuit 7 is converted in the inverters 6 into an AC voltage having a frequency suitable for the electric drives 4.
  • the individual electric drives 4 can be activated or deactivated via switch 8, individually by coupling or uncoupling from the DC intermediate circuit 7.
  • each generator 9 is provided to generate the intermediate voltage in the DC intermediate circuit 7 .
  • a different number of multiple generators 9 may be provided, which may be generally identical or different.
  • a generator 9 is provided with a small power.
  • the three other generators 9 have the same power, which is greater than the power of the first generator 9.
  • the individual generators 9 form a redundant power supply unit.
  • the generators 9 each consist of a diesel engine and an electric generator 9.
  • Each generator 9 is followed by an inverter 10. With the inverter 10 AC voltages generated in the generator 9 are transformed into a DC voltage and fed into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
  • the generators 9 are each selectively switchable via a switch 11 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram with a control unit 12 to the components of the drive system 1 according to FIG. 1
  • the control unit 12 may be formed as a central control consisting of a PLC control or an arrangement of PLC controls.
  • individual functions of the control unit 12 of decentralized controllers, which are integrated, for example, in the inverters 6 of the electric drives 4, can be adopted.
  • the switches 8, 11 and the inverter 6 of the electric drives 4 are controlled with the control unit 12.
  • characteristics of the drive system 1, in particular of the electric drives 4 are preferably continuously determined and read into the control unit 12.
  • suitable sensors may be provided.
  • sensors can be used to determine be provided the ship's speed.
  • characteristic values of the electric drives 4, in particular their actual rotational speeds and torques can be determined by sensors.
  • means for detecting characteristics of the electric drives 4 such as their rotational speeds and motor currents are integrated on the inverter 10, the motor currents forming a measure of the torques of the electric drives 4.
  • the inland waterway vessel is operated in four different modes in the present case.
  • the first fashion is the so-called ascent of the ship at full load.
  • the power requirement is about 80% of the power that can be provided by the generators 9.
  • the three generators 9 are activated by means of the control unit 12 with high power, while the generator 9 is deactivated with low power.
  • the power requirement is about 50% and 35% of the maximum available power.
  • two of the generators 9 with the larger power are expediently activated while the remaining generators 9 are deactivated.
  • the generator power can be adapted to the currently required power.
  • the respective activated generators 9 can be operated at their optimum operating points.
  • At least one generator 9 is deactivated.
  • an electric drive 4 per drive shaft 3 is always deactivated.
  • control unit 12 monitoring failover of the drive system 1.
  • the control unit 12 continuously checks the function of the connected units, in particular all electric drive components. If an error or a failure of at least one of these components is registered, an alarm signal is generated.
  • the drive system 1 is automatically transferred by the control unit 12 into a safe state.
  • control unit 12 controls the power supplied via the electric drives 4 of the propellers 2 as a function of the characteristic curves of the propellers 2.
  • the characteristic curve of a propeller 2 defines the thrust force achievable with the propeller 2 as a function of the propeller speed.
  • the control of a propeller 2 is then via the control unit 12 such that with the activated electric drives 4 on the drive shaft 3 of the propeller 2, a power output is performed, which is adapted to the maximum thrust, that is, with the electric drives 4, a power is generated , Which is chosen so large that it can be processed by the propeller 2, that can be converted into a thrust.
  • the current measured values for the ship speed and / or for the rotational speeds of the electric drives 4 are evaluated in the control unit 12, so that a speed-dependent propeller control is made possible.
  • control unit 12 is also used to monitor whether the ship is running aground. For this purpose, monitoring of the torques of the electric drives 4 is advantageously carried out in the control unit 12. Based on the torques of the electric drives 4 can be detected early when a Grundberühung occurs for the associated propeller 2, as change by the abruptly increased resistance of the propeller 2, the torques of the electric drives 4 discontinuously. If such a ground contact is detected in the control unit 12, an emergency stop is automatically triggered in the control unit 12.
  • Such controlled, controlled via the control unit 12 braking operation can also be carried out in the regular operation of the ship.
  • the propeller 2 can be braked without stopping until standstill and then, if necessary, immediately set in rotation in the opposite direction.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Velocity Or Acceleration (AREA)

Abstract

The system (1) has a drive shaft (3) with a propeller (2), and an electrical drive (4) arranged on the drive shaft. A generator (9) supplies energy to the electrical drive, and a controlling unit controls power depending on characteristics of the propeller. Power is guided to the propeller by the electrical drive, and characteristics of the propeller define maximum rotational speed of the propeller. An inverter module (6) is assigned to the electrical drive, and is controlled by the controlling unit.

Description

Die Erfindung begriff ein Antriebssystem für ein Schiff.The invention understood a drive system for a ship.

Schiffe der in Rede stehenden Art sind insbesondere als Binnenschiffe, das heißt Frachtschiffe, die auf Binnengewässern fahren, ausgebildet.Ships of the type in question are designed, in particular, as inland vessels, that is to say freighters operating on inland waters.

Derartige Binnenschiffe weisen als Antriebsaggregat einen Dieselmotor auf, mit dem ein oder mehrere Antriebswellen mit jeweils einem Propeller angetrieben werden.Such inland vessels have as a drive unit to a diesel engine, with which one or more drive shafts are driven, each with a propeller.

Diese Binnenschiffe werden in vier unterschiedlichen Modes betrieben, nämlich dem Mode der Bergfahrt bei voll beladenem Schiff, dem Mode der Talfahrt bei voll beladenem beziehungsweise leerem Schiff und dem Mode der Kanalfahrt.These inland vessels are operated in four different modes, namely the fashion of the mountain journey with fully loaded ship, the fashion of the descent with fully laden or empty ship and the mode of the canal journey.

Die Auslegung der Antriebsleistung erfolgt dabei stets so, dass diese nach dem größtmöglichen Lastfall, nämlich der Bergfahrt bei voll beladenem Schiff, ausgelegt wird, um stets eine Leistungsreserve zur Verfügung zu haben, die ein Manövrieren des Schiffs auch unter ungünstigsten Bedingungen gewährleistet.The design of the drive power is always carried out so that it is designed for the largest possible load case, namely the uphill with fully loaded ship, to always have a power reserve available, which ensures maneuvering of the ship even under the most unfavorable conditions.

Nachteilig hierbei ist, dass in den meisten Modes, insbesondere dem Mode der Talfahrt und dem Mode der Kanalfahrt nur ein geringer Bruchteil der erzeugten Leistung benötigt wird, so dass das Antriebsaggregat in einem energetisch ungünstigen Teilfahrtbetrieb betrieben wird.The disadvantage here is that in most modes, in particular the mode of descent and the mode of channel travel only a small fraction of the power generated is needed, so that the drive unit is operated in an energetically unfavorable partial travel operation.

Ein wesentlicher Nachteil besteht dabei darin, dass die konstante Leistungsvorgabe in den einzelnen Modes nicht an den Propeller angepasst ist. So kann durch eine zu hohe Leistungszufuhr am Propeller Kavitation auftreten. Eine derartige Kavitation reduziert nicht nur den Wirkungsgrad des Propellers. Vielmehr können bedingt durch Kavitationserosion gravierende Beschädigungen am Propeller, insbesondere an den Propellerblättern, auftreten.A major disadvantage is that the constant power setting in the individual modes is not adapted to the propeller. For example, cavitation may occur due to excessive power supply to the propeller. A Such cavitation not only reduces the efficiency of the propeller. Rather, caused by cavitation erosion serious damage to the propeller, especially on the propeller blades occur.

Die WO 2008/145684 A1 betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hybridantriebssystems eines Schiffes. Das Schiff weist zumindest einen Elektromotor und zumindest eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine, insbesondere eine Gasturbine, als Antriebseinheiten auf, die je nach Anforderung, zum Beispiel der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, einzeln oder im Verbund zumindest eine Vortriebseinheit, zum Beispiel einen Propeller, des Schiffes antreiben. Die Antriebseinheiten werde hinsichtlich ihrer jeweiligen Leistungsabgabe a die zumindest eine Vortriebseinheit von einer Steuereinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von einem vorgebbaren Sollwert zum Beispiel einem Sollwert für die Propeller-Drehzahl oder der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit, und einer vorgebbaren Betriebsart derart gesteuert, dass durch die Summe dieser Leistungsabgabe eine von dem Sollwert abhängige Gesamtleistung an die zumindest eine Vortriebseinheit abgegeben wird, wobei die Aufteilung dieser Gesamtleistungsabgabe auf die Leistungsabgaben der einzelnen Antriebseinheiten in Abhängigkeit von dem Sollwert und der Betriebsart erfolgt.The WO 2008/145684 A1 relates to a method of operating a hybrid propulsion system of a ship. The ship has at least one electric motor and at least one internal combustion engine, in particular a gas turbine, as drive units which, depending on requirements, for example the ship's speed, individually or in combination drive at least one propulsion unit, for example a propeller, of the ship. The drive units will be controlled in terms of their respective power output a the at least one propulsion unit by a control device in response to a predetermined setpoint value, for example, a target value for the propeller speed or the ship speed, and a predetermined mode such that the sum of this power output one of the Setpoint dependent total power is delivered to the at least one propulsion unit, wherein the distribution of this total power output on the power outputs of the individual drive units in dependence on the desired value and the mode is carried out.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Antriebssystem für ein Schiff bereitzustellen, mittels dessen eine Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Betriebs des Schiffs erzielt wird.The invention has for its object to provide a drive system for a ship, by means of which an improvement in the efficiency of the operation of the ship is achieved.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sind die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 vorgesehen. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.To solve this problem, the features of claim 1 are provided. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Antriebssystem für ein Schiff umfasst wenigstens eine Antriebswelle mit einem Propeller, eine auf der Antriebswelle angeordnete Anordnung von elektrischen Antrieben, eine Anordnung von Generatoren zur Energieversorgung der elektrischen Antriebe sowie eine Steuereinheit. Mittels der Steuereinheit ist die dem Propeller über die elektrischen Antriebe zugeführte Leistung in Abhängigkeit der Kennlinie des Propellers, welcher drehzahlabhängig den maximal erreichbaren Schub des Propellers definiert, steuerbar.The drive system according to the invention for a ship comprises at least one drive shaft with a propeller, an arrangement of electric drives arranged on the drive shaft, an arrangement of generators for supplying energy to the electric drives and a control unit. through The control unit is the power supplied to the propeller via the electric drives depending on the characteristic of the propeller, which speed-dependent defines the maximum achievable thrust of the propeller controllable.

Durch den Einsatz der von der Steuereinheit gesteuerten elektrischen Antriebe wird, in Abhängigkeit der aktuellen Schiffsgeschwindigkeit beziehungsweise der aktuellen Drehzahl der elektrischen Antriebe, dem Propeller angepasst an dessen Kennlinie gerade so viel Leistung zugeführt, wie der Propeller verarbeiten kann, das heißt in Schubkraft umsetzen kann. Wesentlich hierbei ist, dass von den Antriebskomponenten in Form von elektrischen Antrieben direkt oder indirekt nahezu verzögerungsfrei Kenngrößen als Maß für die aktuelle, drehzahlabhängige benötigte Leistung des Propellers abgeleitet werden können, die in der Steuereinheit als Rückmeldungen für eine exakte, bedarfsgerechte Leistungszufuhr zum Propeller verwendet werden können.Through the use of controlled by the control unit electric drives, depending on the current speed of the ship or the current speed of the electric drives, the propeller adapted to the characteristic just as much power supplied as the propeller can handle, that can implement in thrust. It is essential here that characteristic quantities as a measure of the actual speed-dependent required power of the propeller can be derived directly or indirectly from the drive components in the form of electric drives, which are used in the control unit as feedback for an exact, demand-based power supply to the propeller can.

Besonders vorteilhaft sind Mittel zur Erfassung der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit und/oder der Drehzahl der elektrischen Antriebe vorgesehen, wobei in Abhängigkeit der dabei erhaltenen Messwerte die elektrischen Antriebe durch die Steuereinheit steuerbar sind.Particularly advantageous means for detecting the ship speed and / or the rotational speed of the electric drives are provided, wherein the electrical drives are controlled by the control unit depending on the measured values obtained thereby.

Durch die fortlaufende Geschwindigkeits- oder Drehzahlbestimmung kann anhand der in der Steuereinheit vorgegebenen Kennlinie des Propellers für jede Propeller-Drehzahl der optimale Leistungswert für die elektrischen Antriebe zur Ansteuerung des Propellers vorgegeben werden.As a result of the continuous determination of the speed or speed, the optimum power value for the electric drives for controlling the propeller can be specified for each propeller speed using the characteristic curve of the propeller in the control unit.

Durch diese drehzahlabhängige Steuerung der Leistungszufuhr zum Propeller wird einerseits ein wirtschaftlicher Betrieb des Antriebssystems erzielt, da die zugeführte Leistung vom Propeller optimal in eine Schubkraft umgesetzt werden kann.By this speed-dependent control of the power supply to the propeller, on the one hand, an economical operation of the drive system is achieved because the power supplied by the propeller can be optimally converted into a thrust.

Weiterhin ist vorteilhaft, dass durch die erfindungsgemäße Steuerung Kavitationserscheinungen am Propeller vermieden werden können. Damit werden durch Kavitation bedingte Verschleißerscheinungen oder durch Kavitationserosion des Propellers bedingte Bèschädigungen vermieden.Furthermore, it is advantageous that cavitation phenomena on the propeller can be avoided by the control according to the invention. This avoids wear caused by cavitation or damage caused by cavitation erosion of the propeller.

Das erfindungsgemäße Antriebssystem kann für Schiffe unterschiedlicher Art eingesetzt werden, insbesondere für Schiffe, die in küstennahen Gewässern und Flüssen eingesetzt werden, wie zum Beispiel Arbeitsschiffe und Fähren. Der Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems ist dort besonders vorteilhaft, wo aufgrund gesetzlicher Bestimmungen neue Schiffe nicht mehr mit Dieselmotoren ausgestattet werden dürfen. Beispiele sind Neubauschiffe in norwegischen Fjorden.The drive system according to the invention can be used for ships of various kinds, in particular for ships that are used in coastal waters and rivers, such as workboats and ferries. The use of the drive system according to the invention is particularly advantageous where, due to legal provisions, new ships may no longer be equipped with diesel engines. Examples are newbuildings in Norwegian fjords.

Das erfindungsgemäße Antriebssystem wird auch besonders vorteilhaft für Binnenschiffe eingesetzt. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Steuerung der elektrischen Antriebe wird gegenüber bekannten Antriebssystemen für Binnenschiffe, die ausschließlich Dieselmotoren einsetzen, eine besonders hohe Steigerung des Wirkungsgrads und damit der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Antriebssystems erhalten.The drive system according to the invention is also used particularly advantageously for inland vessels. With the inventive control of the electric drives is compared with known drive systems for inland vessels, the use only diesel engines, a particularly high increase in the efficiency and thus the efficiency of the drive system obtained.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist bei einem Aufsetzen des Propellers auf Grund, welches durch Erfassen von Kenngrößen der elektrischen Antriebe detektierbar ist, mittels der Steuereinheit ein Notstopp durchführbar.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, when the propeller is placed on the ground, which can be detected by detecting parameters of the electric drives, an emergency stop can be carried out by means of the control unit.

Das Auflaufen auf Grund stellt insbesondere bei Binnenschiffen, die als Frachtschiffe ausgebildet sind, ein gravierendes Problem dar. Erfahrungsgemäß ist im typischen Betrieb eines Binnenschiffs pro Jahr wenigstens ein Mal mit einem derartigen Auflaufen auf Grund zu rechnen. Bei bekannten Binnenschiffen, die mit Dieselmotoren als Antrieben arbeiten, kann auf ein solches Auflaufen auf Grund nicht rechtzeitig reagiert werden, was nicht nur zu erheblichen Beschädigungen des Propellers sowie auch der Antriebswelle und der Lagerungen der Antriebswelle führt.Landing is a serious problem, especially for inland vessels designed to be cargo ships. Experience has shown that at least once a year, such operations are likely to occur in the typical operation of an inland waterway vessel. In known inland vessels, which work with diesel engines as drives, can not respond to such a run due to timely, which not only leads to considerable damage to the propeller and the drive shaft and the bearings of the drive shaft.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Steuerung des Antriebssystems kann durch die Auswertung der Kenngrößen der elektrischen Antriebe das Auflaufen auf Grund frühzeitig erkannt werden, so dass durch einen unmittelbar eingeleiteten Notstopp in Form eines kontrollierten Bremsvorgangs Beschädigungen des Propellers und der zugehörigen Antriebswelle vermieden oder zumindest in Grenzen gehalten werden können.Due to the control of the drive system according to the invention, the emergence can be detected early due to the evaluation of the parameters of the electric drives, so that damage to the propeller and the associated drive shaft can be avoided or at least kept within limits by an immediately initiated emergency stop in the form of a controlled braking operation ,

Besonders vorteilhaft können dabei mittels der Steuereinheit nachlauffreie Bremsvorgänge des Propellers durchgeführt werden. Dies wird durch eine fortlaufend drehzahlabhängige Steuerung der elektrischen Antriebe durch die Steuereinheit erreicht. Die elektrischen Antriebe können dabei durch Vorgabe von Verzögerungsprofilen kontinuierlich bis zum Stillstand abgebremst werden, wobei die Propeller-Bewegung diesem Bremsvorgang nachlauffrei folgt, bis der Propeller zum Stillstand kommt. Danach kann bei Bedarf der Propeller ohne Verzögerung in die andere Bewegungsrichtung wieder beschleunigt werden. Ein derartiger kontrollierter Bremsvorgang ist insbesondere bei Durchführen eines Notstopps vorteilhaft, da dort bei einem drohenden Auflaufen auf Grund eine unkontrollierte Propellerbewegung zu erheblichen Beschädigungen führen kann.Trailing-free braking operations of the propeller can be carried out particularly advantageously by means of the control unit. This is achieved by a continuous speed-dependent control of the electric drives by the control unit. The electric drives can be braked by default delay profiles continuously to a standstill, the propeller movement follows this braking operation without a trace until the propeller comes to a standstill. Thereafter, if necessary, the propeller can be accelerated again without delay in the other direction of movement. Such a controlled braking operation is particularly advantageous when performing an emergency stop, since there may result in an impending emergence due to an uncontrolled propeller movement to considerable damage.

Als elektrische Antriebe für das erfindungsgemäße Antriebssystem eignen sich insbesondere elektrische Direktantriebe wie Torquemotoren, besonders vorteilhaft direkt auf die Antriebswelle aufsetzbare Hohlwellentorquemotoren. Diese Torquemotoren haben den Vorteil, dass diese bei sehr geringen Drehzahlen ein hohes Drehmoment liefern, so dass diese aus dem Stand heraus eine wirksame Kraftübertragung auf den Propeller liefern, um diesen im gesamten Drehzahlbereich exakt steuern zu können.As electrical drives for the drive system according to the invention are particularly suitable electrical direct drives such as torque motors, particularly advantageous directly mounted on the drive shaft hollow shaft torque motors. These torque motors have the advantage that they deliver a high torque at very low speeds, so that they deliver an effective power transmission to the propeller from the state in order to be able to control it precisely throughout the entire speed range.

Vorteilhaft ist jedem elektrischen Antrieb ein Wechselrichter zugeordnet, mittels dessen der elektrische Antrieb in Abhängigkeit von Steuerbefehlen der Steuereinheit ansteuerbar ist. Zudem können in dem Wechselrichter Antriebskenngrößen wie die Drehzahl und das Drehmoment des elektrischen Antriebs erfasst werden, wobei diese Eingangsgrößen für die in der Steuereinheit durchgeführte Steuerung bilden.Each electric drive is advantageously assigned an inverter, by means of which the electric drive can be controlled in dependence on control commands of the control unit. In addition, drive parameters such as the rotational speed and the torque of the electric drive can be detected in the inverter, wherein these input variables form the control performed in the control unit.

Besonders vorteilhaft weist das erfindungsgemäße Antriebssystem eine redundante Anordnung von separat aktivierbaren und deaktivierbaren Generatoren sowie eine redundante Anordnung von separat aktivierbaren und deaktivierbaren elektrischen Antrieben auf.Particularly advantageously, the drive system according to the invention has a redundant arrangement of separately activatable and deactivatable generators and a redundant arrangement of separately activatable and deactivatable electrical drives.

Generell kann das Antriebssystem auch mehrere Antriebswellen mit einem Propeller aufweisen, wobei dann jede Antriebswelle eine redundante Anordnung von elektrischen Antrieben aufweist.In general, the drive system can also have a plurality of drive shafts with a propeller, in which case each drive shaft has a redundant arrangement of electric drives.

Durch die redundante Ausbildung der elektrischen Antriebe und Generatoren wird eine hohe Ausfallsicherheit des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems erzielt.Due to the redundant design of the electric drives and generators high reliability of the drive system according to the invention is achieved.

Zur Erzielung dieser höheren Ausfallsicherheit erfolgt in der Steuereinheit eine Ausfall- und/oder Fehlerkontrolle von Komponenten des Antriebssystems, so dass in Abhängigkeit dieser Kontrolle die Generatoren und elektrischen Antriebe gesteuert, bevorzugt aktiviert oder deaktiviert werden. So kann bei Ausfall eines Generators das Antriebssystem mit der verbleibenden Anzahl aktivierter, noch intakter Generatoren mit reduzierter Leistung weiterbetrieben werden. Alternativ kann bei Ausfall eines Generators dieser deaktiviert werden und dafür ein intakter, bislang noch nicht aktiver Generator aktiviert werden. Entsprechendes gilt für die Aktivierung und Deaktivierung von elektrischen Antrieben. Zur Gewährleistung einer fehlersicheren Kontrollfunktion kann dabei die Steuereinheit selbst redundant, das heißt fehlersicher ausgelegt sein.To achieve this higher reliability, failure and / or error control of components of the drive system takes place in the control unit, so that, depending on this control, the generators and electric drives are controlled, preferably activated or deactivated. Thus, if one generator fails, the drive system can continue to operate with the remaining number of activated, still intact generators with reduced power. Alternatively, if one generator fails, it can be deactivated and an intact, hitherto not active generator can be activated for this purpose. The same applies to the activation and deactivation of electric drives. To ensure a fail-safe control function while the control unit itself redundant, that is designed to be fail-safe.

Besonders vorteilhaft erfolgt die Steuerung der Komponenten des Antriebssystems nicht nur derart, dass die Ausfallsicherheit des Antriebssystems gewährleistet ist. Vielmehr erfolgt die Steuerung auch derart, dass ein möglichst energieeffizienter Betrieb des Antriebssystems gewährleistet ist. Hierzu wird in Abhängigkeit der aktuell benötigten Antriebsleistung eine geeignete Anzahl von elektrischen Antrieben auf der oder jeder Antriebswelle aktiviert. Zudem wird entsprechend dem aktuellen Energiebedarf eine geeignete Anzahl von Generatoren aktiviert. Die vorzugsweise jeweils aus einem Dieselmotor und einem elektrischen Generator bestehenden Generatoren werden dabei derart selektiv aktiviert, dass diese in ihren optimalen Betriebspunkten betrieben werden können, so dass der Betrieb der Generatoren hinsichtlich deren Energieverbrauch und Leistungsabgabe optimiert ist.Particularly advantageously, the control of the components of the drive system is not only such that the reliability of the drive system is ensured. Rather, the control is also such that the most energy-efficient operation of the drive system is ensured. For this purpose, a suitable number of electric drives on the or each drive shaft is activated depending on the currently required drive power. In addition, a suitable number of generators is activated according to the current energy demand. The preferably each consisting of a diesel engine and an electric generator generators are selectively activated so that they can be operated at their optimum operating points, so that the operation of the generators is optimized in terms of their energy consumption and power output.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
Ausführengsbeispiel eines Antriebssystems für ein Schiff.
Figur 2:
Blockschaltbild mit einer Steuereinheit zur Steuerung von Kom- ponenten des Antriebssystems gemäß Figur 1.
The invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
FIG. 1:
Ausführengsbeispiel a drive system for a ship.
FIG. 2:
Block diagram with a control unit for controlling components of the drive system according to FIG. 1 ,

Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebssystems 1 für ein Schiff. Bei dem Schiff handelt es sich um ein Binnenschiff, das als Frachtschiff ausgebildet ist. Das Antriebssystem 1 weist im vorliegenden Fall zwei Propeller 2 auf, wobei jeder Propeller 2 am Ende einer Antriebswelle 3 angeordnet ist. Die Propeller 2 sind im vorliegenden Fall identisch ausgebildet und weisen eine Anordnung von in regelmäßigen Winkeln zueinander angeordneten Propellerblättern 2a auf. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the drive system 1 according to the invention for a ship. The ship is an inland vessel, which is designed as a cargo ship. The drive system 1 has two propellers 2 in the present case, each propeller 2 being arranged at the end of a drive shaft 3. The propellers 2 are identical in the present case and have an array of propeller blades 2a arranged at regular angles to one another.

Zum Antrieb der Propeller 2 sind auf jeder Antriebswelle 3 zwei elektrische Antriebe 4 vorgesehen. Generell können auch mehrere elektrische Antriebe 4 auf einer Antriebswelle 3 vorgesehen sein. Die elektrischen Antriebe 4 einer Antriebswelle 3 bilden für den zugeordneten anzutreibenden Propeller 2 eine redundante Antriebseinheit. Die einzelnen elektrischen Antriebe 4 können identisch oder unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Vorzugsweise werden als elektrische Antriebe 4 Torquemotoren eingesetzt, die bereits bei geringen Drehzahlen hohe Drehmomente erzeugen. Zweckmäßig sind die elektrischen Antriebe 4 als Hohlwellenmotoren ausgebildet, die als Direktantriebe auf der Antriebswelle 3 angeordnet werden können. Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, ist an jeder Antriebswelle 3 zwischen dem elektrischen Antrieb 4 und dem Propeller 2 eine Kupplung 5 vorgesehen. Jedem elektrischen Antrieb 4 ist ein Wechselrichter 6 vorgeordnet. Zwischen dem Propeller 2 und dem daran anschließenden elektrischen Antrieb 4 einer Antriebswelle 3 kann ein nicht dargestelltes Drucklager vorgesehen sein. Die elektrischen Antriebe 4 sind zweckmäßig in Fundamenten gelagert.To drive the propeller 2 3 three electric drives 4 are provided on each drive shaft. In general, several electric drives 4 can be provided on a drive shaft 3. The electric drives 4 of a drive shaft 3 form a redundant drive unit for the associated propeller 2 to be driven. The individual electric drives 4 may be identical or different. Preferably, 4 electric motors are used as electric drives that generate high torques even at low speeds. Suitably, the electric drives 4 are designed as hollow shaft motors, which can be arranged as direct drives on the drive shaft 3. How out FIG. 1 can be seen, a clutch 5 is provided on each drive shaft 3 between the electric drive 4 and the propeller 2. Each electric drive 4 is preceded by an inverter 6. Between the propeller 2 and the subsequent electric drive 4 of a drive shaft 3, a pressure bearing, not shown, may be provided. The electric drives 4 are expediently stored in foundations.

Die Spannungsversorgung erfolgt über einen Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7. Eine im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 zur Verfügung gestellte Gleichspannung wird in den Wechselrichtern 6 in eine Wechselspannung mit einer für die elektrischen Antriebe 4 geeigneten Frequenz umgesetzt.The voltage is supplied via a DC voltage intermediate circuit 7. A DC voltage provided in the DC intermediate circuit 7 is converted in the inverters 6 into an AC voltage having a frequency suitable for the electric drives 4.

Die einzelnen elektrischen Antriebe 4 können über Schalter 8, einzeln durch An- oder Abkoppeln vom Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 aktiviert oder deaktiviert werden.The individual electric drives 4 can be activated or deactivated via switch 8, individually by coupling or uncoupling from the DC intermediate circuit 7.

Zur Generierung der Zwischenspannung im Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 sind vier Generatoren 9 vorgesehen. Generell kann auch eine andere Anzahl von mehreren Generatoren 9 vorgesehen sein, wobei diese generell identisch oder unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein können. Im vorliegenden Fall ist ein Generator 9 mit einer kleinen Leistung vorgesehen. Die drei anderen Generatoren 9 weisen dieselbe Leistung auf, wobei diese größer ist als die Leistung des ersten Generators 9. Die einzelnen Generatoren 9 bilden eine redundante Energieversorgungseinheit. Die Generatoren 9 bestehen jeweils aus einem Dieselmotor und einem elektrischen Generator 9. Jedem Generator 9 ist ein Wechselrichter 10 nachgeordnet. Mit dem Wechselrichter 10 werden in dem Generator 9 generierte Wechselspannungen in eine Gleichspannung transformiert und in den Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 eingespeist. Die Generatoren 9 sind jeweils über einen Schalter 11 dem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 selektiv zuschaltbar.To generate the intermediate voltage in the DC intermediate circuit 7 four generators 9 are provided. In general, a different number of multiple generators 9 may be provided, which may be generally identical or different. In the present case, a generator 9 is provided with a small power. The three other generators 9 have the same power, which is greater than the power of the first generator 9. The individual generators 9 form a redundant power supply unit. The generators 9 each consist of a diesel engine and an electric generator 9. Each generator 9 is followed by an inverter 10. With the inverter 10 AC voltages generated in the generator 9 are transformed into a DC voltage and fed into the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7. The generators 9 are each selectively switchable via a switch 11 to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.

Figur 2 zeigt ein Blockschaltbild mit einer Steuereinheit 12 zur Komponenten des Antriebssystems 1 gemäß Figur 1. Die Steuereinheit 12 kann als zentrale Steuerung bestehend aus einer SPS-Steuerung oder einer Anordnung von SPS-Steuerungen ausgebildet sein. Alternativ können auch einzelne Funktionen der Steuereinheit 12 von dezentralen Steuerungen, die beispielsweise in den Wechselrichtern 6 der elektrischen Antriebe 4 integriert sind, übernommen werden. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram with a control unit 12 to the components of the drive system 1 according to FIG. 1 , The control unit 12 may be formed as a central control consisting of a PLC control or an arrangement of PLC controls. Alternatively, individual functions of the control unit 12 of decentralized controllers, which are integrated, for example, in the inverters 6 of the electric drives 4, can be adopted.

Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, werden mit der Steuereinheit 12 die Schalter 8, 11 sowie die Wechselrichter 6 der elektrischen Antriebe 4 gesteuert. Zur Durchführung der Steuerung werden vorzugsweise fortlaufend Kenngrößen des Antriebssystems 1, insbesondere der elektrischen Antriebe 4 ermittelt und in die Steuereinheit 12 eingelesen. Zur Ermittlung derartiger Kenngrößen können geeignete Sensoren vorgesehen sein. Beispielsweise können Sensoren zur Bestimmung der Schiffsgeschwindigkeit vorgesehen sein. Weiterhin können durch Sensoren Kenngrößen der elektrischen Antriebe 4, insbesondere deren aktuelle Drehzahlen und Drehmomente bestimmt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft sind an dem Wechselrichter 10 Mittel zur Erfassung von Kenngrößen der elektrischen Antriebe 4 wie deren Drehzahlen und Motorströme integriert, wobei die Motorströme ein Maß für die Drehmomente der elektrischen Antriebe 4 bilden.How out FIG. 1 can be seen, the switches 8, 11 and the inverter 6 of the electric drives 4 are controlled with the control unit 12. To carry out the control, characteristics of the drive system 1, in particular of the electric drives 4, are preferably continuously determined and read into the control unit 12. To determine such characteristics suitable sensors may be provided. For example, sensors can be used to determine be provided the ship's speed. Furthermore, characteristic values of the electric drives 4, in particular their actual rotational speeds and torques, can be determined by sensors. Particularly advantageously, means for detecting characteristics of the electric drives 4 such as their rotational speeds and motor currents are integrated on the inverter 10, the motor currents forming a measure of the torques of the electric drives 4.

Das Binnenschiff wird im vorliegenden Fall in vier unterschiedlichen Modes betrieben. Der erste Mode bildet die sogenannte Bergfahrt des Schiffs bei voller Beladung. In diesem Fall beträgt der Leistungsbedarf etwa 80 % der von den Generatoren 9 bereitstellbaren Leistung. In diesem Mode werden mittels der Steuereinheit 12 die drei Generatoren 9 mit hoher Leistung aktiviert, während der Generator 9 mit kleiner Leistung deaktiviert ist.The inland waterway vessel is operated in four different modes in the present case. The first fashion is the so-called ascent of the ship at full load. In this case, the power requirement is about 80% of the power that can be provided by the generators 9. In this mode, the three generators 9 are activated by means of the control unit 12 with high power, while the generator 9 is deactivated with low power.

Bei dem zweiten und dritten Mode (Talfahrt mit oder ohne Beladung) beträgt der Leistungsbedarf etwa 50 % beziehungsweise 35 % der maximal verfügbaren Leistung. Um diese Leistungen zur Verfügung zu stellen, werden zweckmäßig zwei der Generatoren 9 mit der größeren Leistung aktiviert, während die restlichen Generatoren 9 deaktiviert sind.In the second and third modes (deceleration with or without loading), the power requirement is about 50% and 35% of the maximum available power. In order to provide these services, two of the generators 9 with the larger power are expediently activated while the remaining generators 9 are deactivated.

Schließlich wird bei dem vierten Mode (Kanalfahrt), bei dem nur etwa 10 % der maximalen Leistung benötigt wird, nur der Generator 9 mit der kleineren Leistung aktiviert, während die übrigen Generatoren 9 deaktiviert sind.Finally, in the fourth mode (channel travel), where only about 10% of the maximum power is needed, only the smaller power generator 9 is activated while the other generators 9 are deactivated.

Durch die selektive Zuschaltung einzelner Generatoren 9 in den einzelnen Modes kann die Generatorleistung an die aktuell benötigte Leistung angepasst werden. Durch diese Leistungsanpassung können die jeweils aktivierten Generatoren 9 in ihren optimalen Arbeitspunkten betrieben werden. Durch die Ausnutzung der optimalen Arbeitspunkteinstellung der Generatoren 9 ergibt sich eine signifikante Energieeinsparung gegenüber Schiffen, deren Generatoren 9 nicht im optimalen Arbeitspunkt betrieben werden können.Through the selective connection of individual generators 9 in the individual modes, the generator power can be adapted to the currently required power. Through this power adjustment, the respective activated generators 9 can be operated at their optimum operating points. By exploiting the optimal operating point setting of the generators 9 results in a significant energy savings compared to ships whose generators 9 can not be operated at the optimum operating point.

Anstelle des Betriebs in diskreten Modes ist generell auch ein stufenloser Betrieb des Antriebssystems 1 möglich. Auch in diesem Fall kann durch eine selektive Aktivierung von Generatoren 9 eine Leistungsanpassung an den aktuellen Energiebedarf erfolgen.Instead of operating in discrete modes, a continuous operation of the drive system 1 is generally possible. Also in this case can be done by a selective activation of generators 9, a power adjustment to the current energy needs.

Bei sämtlichen Modes des Schiffes oder allgemein während des gesamten Betriebs des Schiffs ist zumindest ein Generator 9 deaktiviert. Vorteilhaft ist auch immer ein elektrischer Antrieb 4 pro Antriebswelle 3 deaktiviert.In all modes of the ship or generally during the entire operation of the ship at least one generator 9 is deactivated. Advantageously, an electric drive 4 per drive shaft 3 is always deactivated.

Diese im regulären Betrieb des Schiffes nicht genutzten Einheiten werden für eine mittels der Steuereinheit 12 durchgeführte Überwachung zur Ausfallsicherung des Antriebssystems 1 genutzt. Bei dieser Überwachung überprüft die Steuereinheit 12 fortlaufend die Funktion der angeschlossenen Einheiten, insbesondere aller elektrischen Antriebskomponenten. Wird ein Fehler oder ein Ausfall wenigstens einer dieser Komponenten registriert, wird ein Alarmsignal generiert. Vorteilhaft wird bei Auftreten des Alarmsignals das Antriebssystem 1 durch die Steuereinheit 12 selbsttätig in einen sicheren Zustand überführt.These unused in the regular operation of the ship units are used for a performed by the control unit 12 monitoring failover of the drive system 1. In this monitoring, the control unit 12 continuously checks the function of the connected units, in particular all electric drive components. If an error or a failure of at least one of these components is registered, an alarm signal is generated. Advantageously, when the alarm signal occurs, the drive system 1 is automatically transferred by the control unit 12 into a safe state.

Ist beispielsweise auf einer Antriebswelle 3 ein elektrischer Antrieb 4 ausgefallen, wird dies von der Steuereinheit 12 detektiert, worauf durch Betätigen der Schalter 8 der defekte elektrische Antrieb 4 vom Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 abgekoppelt und ein intakter elektrischer Antrieb 4 auf dieser Antriebswelle 3 dadurch aktiviert wird, dass der zugeordnete Schalter 8 geschlossen ist. Das Antriebssystem 1 ist damit wieder voll funktionsfähig.If, for example, an electric drive 4 has failed on a drive shaft 3, this is detected by the control unit 12, whereupon the defective electric drive 4 is decoupled from the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7 by actuation of the switches 8 and an intact electric drive 4 is activated on this drive shaft 3 by the associated switch 8 is closed. The drive system 1 is thus fully functional again.

Ist einer der im Betrieb befindlichen Generatoren 9 ausgefallen, so wird auch dies von der Steuereinheit 12 detektiert und durch Betätigen der Schalter 11 wird der defekte Generator 9 vom Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 abgekoppelt und ein intakter, bisher nicht aktivierter Generator 9 an den Gleichspannungszwischenkreis 7 angekoppelt.If one of the operating generators 9 has failed, this is also detected by the control unit 12 and by operating the switch 11, the defective generator 9 is decoupled from the DC intermediate circuit 7 and an intact, previously not activated generator 9 is coupled to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 7.

Hierbei ist vorteilhaft, dass in allen vier Betriebsmodes des Binnenschiffs immer zumindest ein Generator 9 nicht aktiviert ist. Damit kann, unabhängig davon, welcher Typ von Generator 9 in welchem Betriebsmode ausfällt, der bislang deaktivierte Generator 9 den jeweils ausgefallenen Generator 9 ersetzen, so dass das Antriebssystem 1 wieder voll funktionsfähig ist.It is advantageous that in all four operating modes of the inland ship always at least one generator 9 is not activated. Thus, regardless of which type of generator 9 fails in which operating mode, the previously deactivated generator 9 replace the respective failed generator 9, so that the drive system 1 is fully functional again.

Während der gesamten Betriebszeit des Schiffes, insbesondere während sämtlicher Modes des Schiffes erfolgt mittels der Steuereinheit 12 eine Steuerung der über die elektrischen Antriebe 4 der Propeller 2 zugeführten Leistung in Abhängigkeit der Kennlinien der Propeller 2.During the entire operating time of the ship, in particular during all modes of the ship, the control unit 12 controls the power supplied via the electric drives 4 of the propellers 2 as a function of the characteristic curves of the propellers 2.

Die Kennlinie eines Propellers 2 definiert in Abhängigkeit der Propellerdrehzahl die mit dem Propeller 2 erzielbare Schubkraft. Die Steuerung eines Propellers 2 erfolgt dann über die Steuereinheit 12 derart, dass mit den aktivierten elektrischen Antrieben 4 auf der Antriebswelle 3 des Propellers 2 eine Leistungsabgabe erfolgt, die an die maximale Schubkraft angepasst ist, das heißt mit den elektrischen Antrieben 4 wird eine Leistung generiert, die so groß gewählt ist, dass sie vom Propeller 2 verarbeitet werden kann, das heißt in eine Schubkraft umgesetzt werden kann.The characteristic curve of a propeller 2 defines the thrust force achievable with the propeller 2 as a function of the propeller speed. The control of a propeller 2 is then via the control unit 12 such that with the activated electric drives 4 on the drive shaft 3 of the propeller 2, a power output is performed, which is adapted to the maximum thrust, that is, with the electric drives 4, a power is generated , Which is chosen so large that it can be processed by the propeller 2, that can be converted into a thrust.

Da somit für jede Drehzahl eine an die Propeller-Kennlinie angepasste Leistungsabgabe an den Propeller 2 erfolgt, ist ein wirtschaftlicher, energieeffizienter Betrieb des Antriebssystems 1 gewährleistet. Zudem werden dadurch auch Kavitationserscheinungen an den Propellern 2 vermieden, die gerade dann auftreten, wenn die Leistungsabgabe der elektrischen Antriebe 4 an die Propeller 2 zu hoch ist.Since a power output adapted to the propeller characteristic is thus applied to the propeller 2 for each rotational speed, an economical, energy-efficient operation of the drive system 1 is ensured. In addition, thereby cavitation phenomena are avoided on the propellers 2, which occur just when the power output of the electric drives 4 to the propeller 2 is too high.

Zur Durchführung dieser Steuerung werden in der Steuereinheit 12 die aktuellen Messwerte für die Schiffsgeschwindigkeit und/oder für die Drehzahlen der elektrischen Antriebe 4 ausgewertet, so dass eine drehzahlabhängige Propellersteuerung ermöglicht wird.To carry out this control, the current measured values for the ship speed and / or for the rotational speeds of the electric drives 4 are evaluated in the control unit 12, so that a speed-dependent propeller control is made possible.

Weiterhin erfolgt mit der Steuereinheit 12 auch eine Überwachung ob ein Auflaufen des Schiffes auf Grund erfolgt. Hierzu wird in der Steuereinheit 12 vorteilhaft eine Überwachung der Drehmomente der elektrischen Antriebe 4 durchgeführt. Anhand der Drehmomente der elektrischen Antriebe 4 kann frühzeitig erkannt werden, wenn für den zugeordneten Propeller 2 eine Grundberühung auftritt, da durch den abrupt erhöhten Widerstand des Propellers 2 sich die Drehmomente der elektrischen Antriebe 4 diskontinuierlich ändern. Wird in der Steuereinheit 12 eine solche Grundberührung detektiert, wird in der Steuereinheit 12 selbsttätig ein Notstopp ausgelöst.Furthermore, the control unit 12 is also used to monitor whether the ship is running aground. For this purpose, monitoring of the torques of the electric drives 4 is advantageously carried out in the control unit 12. Based on the torques of the electric drives 4 can be detected early when a Grundberühung occurs for the associated propeller 2, as change by the abruptly increased resistance of the propeller 2, the torques of the electric drives 4 discontinuously. If such a ground contact is detected in the control unit 12, an emergency stop is automatically triggered in the control unit 12.

Bei diesem Notstopp erfolgt ein kontrolliertes, nachlauffreies Abbremsen des Propellers 2, indem die Drehzahl des Propellers 2 über die elektrischen Antriebe 4 kontinuierlich auf Null abgesenkt wird. Durch das Vermeiden eines Nachlaufs des Propellers 2 wird ein unkontrolliertes Einbohren des Propellers 2 in den Untergrund vermieden.In this emergency stop is a controlled, follow-free braking of the propeller 2 by the rotational speed of the propeller 2 is lowered via the electric drives 4 continuously to zero. By avoiding a wake of the propeller 2 an uncontrolled drilling of the propeller 2 is avoided in the ground.

Ein derartiger kontrollierter, über die Steuereinheit 12 gesteuerter Bremsvorgang kann auch im regulären Betrieb des Schiffes durchgeführt werden. Hier kann der Propeller 2 nachlauffrei bis zum Stillstand abgebremst werden und dann, bei Bedarf, sofort in entgegengesetzter Richtung in Drehung versetzt werden.Such controlled, controlled via the control unit 12 braking operation can also be carried out in the regular operation of the ship. Here, the propeller 2 can be braked without stopping until standstill and then, if necessary, immediately set in rotation in the opposite direction.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

(1)(1)
Antriebssystemdrive system
(2)(2)
Propellerpropeller
(2a)(2a)
Propellerblattpropeller blade
(3)(3)
Antriebswelledrive shaft
(4)(4)
elektrischer Antriebelectric drive
(5)(5)
Kupplungclutch
(6)(6)
Wechselrichterinverter
(7)(7)
GleichspannungszwischenkreisDc link
(8)(8th)
Schalterswitch
(9)(9)
Generatorgenerator
(10)(10)
Wechselrichterinverter
(11)(11)
Schalterswitch
(12)(12)
Steuereinheitcontrol unit

Claims (11)

  1. Drive system (1) for a ship, comprising at least one drive shaft (3) with a propeller (2), an arrangement, which is arranged on the drive shaft (3), of electric drives (4), an arrangement of generators (9) for energy supply of the electric drives (4) as well as a control unit (12) by means of which power fed to the propeller (2) by way of the electric drives (4) is controllable in dependence on the characteristic curve of the propeller (2), which defines a maximum achievable thrust of the propeller (2) in dependence on rotational speed.
  2. Drive system according to claim 1, characterised in that the ship is a container ship, a ferry or a work vessel.
  3. Drive system according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that an inverter (6) by means of which the control unit (12) is controllable, is associated with each electric drive (4).
  4. Drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that each electric drive (4) forms a direct drive.
  5. Drive system according to claim 4, characterised in that each drive is formed by a torque motor.
  6. Drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that means for detection of the ship speed and/or the rotational speed of the electric drives (4) are provided, wherein the electric drives (4) are controllable by the control unit (12) in dependence on the thereby-obtained measurement values.
  7. Drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in the case of grounding the propeller (2), which is detectable by detection of variables of the electric drives (4), an emergency stop can be performed by means of the control unit (12).
  8. Drive system according to claim 7, characterised in that the variables of the electric drives (4) are detectable in the associated inverters (6, 10).
  9. Drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that this comprises a redundant arrangement of separately activatable and deactivatable generators (9).
  10. Drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that this comprises a redundant arrangement of separately activatable and deactivatable electric drives (4).
  11. Drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that safeguarding against failure and/or adaptation of power is or are performable by means of the control unit (12) through selective activation of generators (9) and/or electric drives (4).
EP09003167A 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Drive system for a ship Not-in-force EP2226245B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09003167A EP2226245B1 (en) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Drive system for a ship
PL09003167T PL2226245T3 (en) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Drive system for a ship
ES09003167T ES2385385T3 (en) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Drive system for a boat
DK09003167.5T DK2226245T3 (en) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Propulsion system for a ship
AT09003167T ATE555980T1 (en) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR A SHIP
PCT/EP2010/000901 WO2010099860A1 (en) 2009-03-05 2010-02-13 Drive system for a ship
HRP20120595AT HRP20120595T1 (en) 2009-03-05 2012-07-17 Drive system for a ship

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09003167A EP2226245B1 (en) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Drive system for a ship

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2226245A1 EP2226245A1 (en) 2010-09-08
EP2226245B1 true EP2226245B1 (en) 2012-05-02

Family

ID=41052005

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09003167A Not-in-force EP2226245B1 (en) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Drive system for a ship

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2226245B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE555980T1 (en)
DK (1) DK2226245T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2385385T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20120595T1 (en)
PL (1) PL2226245T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2010099860A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR112015008482B1 (en) * 2012-10-18 2021-01-19 Deif A/S control system configured to control and optimize the rpm of at least one vessel's main engine
WO2024115867A1 (en) * 2022-12-02 2024-06-06 Furyan Marine Technology Ltd Hybrid propulsion system for a marine drive train

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4114555A (en) * 1977-03-14 1978-09-19 Brien Jr Harry W O Apparatus for and method of interconnecting and controlling units of a power train for maximum flexibility and economy in operating auxilliary marine vessels
NL8802686A (en) * 1988-11-02 1990-06-01 Louris Bood Retractable propeller for flat-bottom boat - has electric-motor(s) mounted in vertically movable tube enclosed in rigid tube forming part of structure
JP4623897B2 (en) * 1999-06-24 2011-02-02 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト Ship propulsion drive system
JP3990155B2 (en) * 2000-01-14 2007-10-10 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト Ship propulsion drive system
ES2484242T3 (en) 2007-06-01 2014-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procedure and device for operating a hybrid propulsion system for ships

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK2226245T3 (en) 2012-07-16
WO2010099860A1 (en) 2010-09-10
PL2226245T3 (en) 2012-09-28
HRP20120595T1 (en) 2012-08-31
EP2226245A1 (en) 2010-09-08
ES2385385T3 (en) 2012-07-24
ATE555980T1 (en) 2012-05-15

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